DESC:
Technical field:
The present invention relates to combinations comprising chlorfenapyr. The combination is highly suitable for controlling unwanted animal pests, such as insects, acaricides and/or nematodes.

Background of the invention:
Loss of yield due to damage by invertebrate pests is a major problem that most agriculturists face. Modern insectcides and biological control agents are employed to minimize this damage. However, with the growing resistance to insecticides, it is necessary to use newer active ingredients in combination so as to counteract resistance in insect pests.

Chlorfenapyr belongs to relatively new chemical class of pyrrole acting as Insecticide, Acaricide, Miticide. There is no other chemical in this group. Chemical name is 4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(ethoxymethyl)-5­(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile and having structure as
Chlorfenpyr was registered by EPA in January, 2001 for use on non-food crops in greenhouses. In 2005, EPA established a tolerance for residues of chlorfenapyr in or on all food commodities. Chlorfenapyr works by disrupting the production of adenosine triphosphate, specifically, "Oxidative removal of the N-ethoxymethyl group of chlorfenapyr by mixed function oxidases forms the compound CL 303268. CL 303268 uncouples oxidative phosphorylation at the mitochondria, resulting in disruption of production of ATP, cellular death, and ultimately organism mortality." Chlorfenapyr has limited applicability in insecticides.

Indoxacarb belongs to the chemical class of Oxadiazine acting as insecticide. IUPAC name is methyl (S)-N-[7-chloro-2,3,4a,5-tetrahydro-4a-(methoxycarbonyl)indeno[1,2-e][1,3,4]oxadiazin-2-ylcarbonyl]-4'-(trifluoromethoxy)carbanilate having following structure:

Indoxacarb mainly act against lepidopteran larvae. Its main mode of action is via blocking of nerve sodium channels. It is fairly lipophilic with a Kow of 4.65. Indoxacarb is proposed to be use on apples, pears, Brassica, sweet corn, lettuce and fruiting vegetables.

Diafenthiuron is a thiourea acaricide and pesticide having IUPAC name as 1-tert-butyl-3-(2,6-diisopropyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)thiourea. Having structural formula as follows:

There is therefore a continuing need in the art for combinations of insecticidal compounds with other insecticides that help improve spectrum of control. With crop tolerances decreasing, lower use rates being imposed and increasing resistance, there is a need for a combination of actives that allows for broader disease control spectrum that combines curative and preventive actives and has a lower dosage.

Therefore, embodiments of the present invention may ameliorate one or more of the above-mentioned problems:

Therefore, embodiments of the present invention may provide combinations of insecticides that possess an enhanced efficacy over the individual active compound used in isolation.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an insecticide combination that causes an enhanced greening of the crops to which it is administered.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a combination that causes late senescence to the crop to which it is applied thereby resulting into an increasing yield of the crop.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a combination that results into reduced pest pressure in the crops to which it is applied.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a combination that achieves increased yield in the crops to which it is applied.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an insecticidal combination that causes an enhanced insecticidal activity.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a combination which enhances the protection to plants from attack or infestation by insects, acarids or nematodes.

Some or all these and other objects of the invention are can be achieved by way of the invention described hereinafter.

Summary of the invention:

Thus, an aspect of the present invention can provide a combination comprising:
(a) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation selected from chlorfenapyr, DNOC and Sulfluramid or their derivatives;
(b) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or their derivatives; and
(c) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase selected from Azocyclotin, Cyhexatin, Fenbutatin oxide, Tetradifon, Propargite Diafenthiuron or their derivatives.

Yet another aspect of the present invention can provide a composition comprising:
(i) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation selected from chlorfenapyr, DNOC and Sulfluramid or their derivatives;
(ii) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or their derivatives; and
(iii) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, tetradifon, propargite, diafenthiuron or their derivatives

Detailed Description:

The term ‘disease control’ as used herein denotes control and prevention of a disease. Controlling effects include all deviation from natural development, for example: killing, retardation, decrease of the pests. The term ‘plants’ refers to all physical parts of a plant, including seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, stalks, foliage and fruits. The term “locus” of a plant as used herein is intended to embrace the place on which the plants are growing, where the plant propagation materials of the plants are sown or where the plant propagation materials of the plants will be placed into the soil. The term “plant propagation material” is understood to denote generative parts of a plant, such as seeds, vegetative material such as cuttings or tubers, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes and parts of plants, germinated plants and young plants which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from the soil. These young plants may be protected before transplantation by a total or partial treatment by immersion.

Surprisingly, the insecticidal and/or acaricidal and/or antimicrobial activity or and/or the plant-invigorating activity and/or the yield-enhancing activity of the active compound combinations according to the invention was found to be significantly higher than the sum of the activities of the individual active compounds.

It has surprisingly been found that the the combination of a chlorfenapyr with Indoxacarb and Diafenthiuron leads to a surprising, unexpected and synergistic enhancement in the efficacy of the combination of chlorfenapyr and Indoxacarb and Diafenthiuron.

Thus, in an aspect, the present invention provides a combination comprising:

(a) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation selected from chlorfenapyr, DNOC and sulfluramid or their derivatives;
(b) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or their derivatives; and
(c) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, tetradifon, propargite, diafenthiuron or their derivatives.

In an embodiment, it was surprising that the combination of chlorfenapyr, Indoxacarb and diafenthiuron having individual mode of action and limited spectrum in controlling insect pest resulted in a surprising enhancement of the efficacy with broad spectrum.

In an aspect, the combinations of the present invention may be admixed with at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient to prepare a composition according to the present invention.

Thus, in another aspect, the present invention can provide a composition comprising:
(a) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation selected from chlorfenapyr, DNOC and Sulfluramid or their derivatives;
(b) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or their derivatives; and
(c) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase selected from Azocyclotin, Cyhexatin, Fenbutatin oxide, Tetradifon, Propargite Diafenthiuron or their derivatives.

The combinations and/or compositions according to the present invention may be used to control insect pests at a locus.

Therefore, in an aspect, the present invention provides a method of controlling insect pests at a locus, said method comprising applying to the locus a combination or a composition comprising:
(a) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation selected from chlorfenapyr, DNOC and Sulfluramid or their derivatives;
(b) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or their derivatives; and
(c) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase selected from Azocyclotin, Cyhexatin, Fenbutatin oxide, Tetradifon, Propargite Diafenthiuron or their derivatives.

Each of the aspects described above may have one or more embodiments.

Each of the embodiments described hereinafter may apply to one or all of the aspects described hereinabove. These embodiments are intended to be read as being preferred features of one or all of the aspects described hereinabove. Each of the embodiments described hereinafter applies to each of the aspects described hereinabove individually.

The amount of a composition according to the invention to be applied, will depend on various factors, such as the subject of the treatment, such as, for example plants, soil or seeds; the type of treatment, such as, for example spraying, dusting or seed dressing; the purpose of the treatment, such as, for example prophylactic or therapeutic or the application time or the pest pressure or intensity. This amount of the combinations of the present invention to be applied can be readily deduced by a skilled agronomist.

In an embodiment, the total amount of chlorfenapyr in the composition may typically be in the range of 0.1 to 99% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 90% by weight. The total amount of Indoxacarb in the composition may be in the range of 0.1 to 99% by weight. The total amount of diafenthiuron in the composition may be in the range of 0.1 to 99% by weight.

In an embodiment, the constituent fungicides of the combination of the present invention may be admixed in ratio of (1-80): (1-80): (1-80) of the, Chlorfenapyr, Indoxacarb and diafenthiuron respectively.

In an embodiment, the combinations of the present invention may be applied to the locus either simultaneously or sequentially, such that the diamide insecticide or the pyridylpyrazole insecticide, the pyrethroid insecticide and the mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitor may be applied in a tank mix or as a pre-mixed composition.

Thus, in this aspect, the present invention provides a tank-mix comprising:
(i) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation selected from chlorfenapyr, DNOC and Sulfluramid or their derivatives;
(ii) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or their derivatives; and
(iii) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase selected from Azocyclotin, Cyhexatin, Fenbutatin oxide, Tetradifon, Propargite Diafenthiuron or their derivatives.

The method of control of the present invention may be carried out by spraying the suggested tank mixes, or the individual insecticides may be formulated as a kit-of-parts containing various components that may be mixed as instructed prior to spraying.

In an embodiment, the present invention provides a kit-of-parts comprising a plurality of components, wherein said plurality of components comprises:
(i) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation selected from chlorfenapyr, DNOC and Sulfluramid or their derivatives;
(ii) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or their derivatives; and
(iii) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase selected from Azocyclotin, Cyhexatin, Fenbutatin oxide, Tetradifon, Propargite Diafenthiuron or their derivatives.

In an embodiment, the kit-of-parts comprises an instructions manual, said instructions manual comprising instructions directing a user to admix the components before being used.

In an embodiment, the components of the present invention may be packaged such that the components may be packaged separately and then tank mixed before the spraying.

In another embodiment, the components of the present invention may be packaged such that the active components may be packaged separately, whereas other additives are packaged separately, such that the two maybe tank mixed at the time of spraying.

In an embodiment, the constituents of the composition of the present invention may be tank mixed and sprayed at the locus of the pest infestation or may be alternatively be mixed with surfactants and then sprayed.

In an embodiment, the constituents of the composition of the present invention may be used for foliar application, ground or applications to plant propagation materials.

In an embodiment, the compositions of the present invention may typically be produce by mixing the actives in the composition with an inert carrier, and adding surfactants and other adjuvants and carriers as needed and formulated into solid, or liquid formulations, including but not limited to wettable powders, granules, dusts, Soluble (liquid) concentrates, suspension concentrates, oil in water emulsion, water in oil emulsion, emulsifiable concentrates, capsule suspensions, ZC formulations, oil dispersions or other known formulation types. The composition may also be used for treatment of a plant propagation material such as seeds etc.

Examples of the solid carrier used in formulation include fine powders or granules such as minerals such as kaolin clay, attapulgite clay, bentonite, montmorillonite, acid white clay, pyrophyllite, talc, diatomaceous earth and calcite; natural organic materials such as corn rachis powder and walnut husk powder; synthetic organic materials such as urea; salts such as calcium carbonate and ammonium sulfate; synthetic inorganic materials such as synthetic hydrated silicon oxide; and as a liquid carrier, aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene, alkylbenzene and methylnaphthalene; alcohols such as 2-propanol, ethyleneglycol, propylene glycol, and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether; ketones such as acetone, cyclohexanone and isophorone; vegetable oil such as soybean oil and cotton seed oil; petroleum aliphatic hydrocarbons, esters, dimethylsulfoxide, acetonitrile and water.

Examples of the surfactant include anionic surfactants such as alkyl sulfate ester salts, alkylaryl sulfonate salts, dialkyl sulfosuccinate salts, polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ether phosphate ester salts, lignosulfonate salts and naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde polycondensates; and nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylpolyoxypropylene block copolymers and sorbitan fatty acid esters and cationic surfactants such as alkyltrimethylammonium salts.

Examples of the other formulation auxiliary agents include water-soluble polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, polysaccharides such as Arabic gum, alginic acid and the salt thereof, CMC (carboxymethyl- cellulose), Xanthan gum, inorganic materials such as aluminum magnesium silicate and alumina sol, preservatives, coloring agents and stabilization agents such as PAP (acid phosphate isopropyl) and BHT.

In an embodiment the insect pests controlled by the combinations of the present invention may belong to the class Insecta, Arachnida and Nematoda. Exemplary pests may include: from the order Lepidoptera, pests such as Acleris spp., Adoxophyes spp., Aegeria spp., Agrotis spp., Alabama argillaceae, Amylois spp., Anticarsia gemmatalis, Archips spp., Argyrotaenia spp., Autographa spp., Busseola fusca, Cadra cautella, Carposina nipponensis, Chilo spp., Choristoneura spp., Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocrocis spp., Cnephasia spp., Cochylis spp., Coleophora spp., Crocidolomia spp., Cryptophlebia leucotreta, Crysodeixis includens, Cydia spp., Diatraea spp., Diparopsis castanea, Earias spp., Elasmopalpus spp., Ephestia spp., Eucosma spp., Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euproctis spp., Euxoa spp., Grapholita spp., Hedya nubiferana, Heliothis spp., Hellula undalis, Hyphantria cunea, Keiferia lycopersicella, Leucoptera scitella, Lithocollethis spp., Lobesia botrana, Lymantria spp., Lyonetia spp., Malacosoma spp., Mamestra brassicae, Manduca sexta, Operophtera spp., Ostrinia nubilalis, Pammene spp., Pandemis spp., Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Phthorimaea operculella, Pieris rapae, Pieris spp., Plutella xylostella, Prays spp., Scirpophaga spp., Sesamia spp., Sparganothis spp., Spodoptera spp., Synanthedon spp., Thaumetopoea spp., Tortrix spp., Trichoplusia ni and Yponomeuta spp.; from the order Coleoptera, pest such as Agriotes spp., Anthonomus spp., Atomaria linearis, Ceutorhynchus spp., Chaetocnema tibialis, Cosmopolites spp., Curculio spp., Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp., Epilachna spp., Eremnus spp., Gonocephalum spp., Heteronychus spp., Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Lissorhoptrus spp., Melolontha spp., Orycaephilus spp., Otiorhynchus spp., Phlyctinus spp., Phyllotreta spp., Popillia spp., Protostrophus spp., Psylliodes spp., Rhizopertha spp., Scarabeidae, Sitophilus spp., Sitotroga spp., Tenebrio spp., Tribolium spp. and Trogoderma spp.; from the order Orthoptera, pests such as Blatta spp., Blattella spp., Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Periplaneta spp. and Schistocerca spp.; from the order Isoptera, pests such as Reticulitermes spp.; from the order Psocoptera pest such as, Liposcelis spp.; from the order Anoplura, pests such as Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Pemphigus spp. and Phylloxera spp.; from the order Mallophaga pests such as Damalinea spp. and Trichodectes spp.; rom the order Thysanoptera, pests such as Frankliniella spp., Hercinothrips spp., Taeniothrips spp., Thrips palmi, Thrips tabaci and Scirtothrips aurantii; mites, from the order Heteroptera, pests such as Dichelops melacanthus, Distantiella theobroma, Dysdercus spp., Euchistus spp., Eurygaster spp., Leptocorisa spp., Nezara spp., Piesma spp., Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis, Scotinophara spp. and Triatoma spp.; from the order Homoptera, insect pests such as Aleurothrixus floccosus, Aleyrodes brassicae, Aonidiella spp., Aphididae, Aphis spp., Aspidiotus spp., Bemisia tabaci, Ceroplaster spp., Chrysomphalus aonidium, Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, Coccus hesperidum, Empoasca spp., Eriosoma larigerum, Erythroneura spp., Gascardia spp., Laodelphax spp., Lecanium corni, Lepidosaphes spp., Macrosiphus spp., Myzus spp., Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata spp., Paratoria spp., Pemphigus spp., Planococcus spp., Pseudaulacaspis spp., Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp., Pulvinaria aethiopica, Quadraspidiotus spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Scaphoideus spp., Schizaphis spp., Sitobion spp., Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trioza erytreae and Unaspis citri; from the order Hymenoptera, insect pests such as Acromyrmex, Athalia rosae, Atta spp., Cephus spp., Diprion spp., Diprionidae, Gilpinia polytoma, Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Neodiprion spp., Solenopsis spp. and Vespa spp.; from the order Diptera, insect pests such as Antherigona soccata, Bibio hortulanus, Ceratitis spp., Chrysomyia spp., Culex spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus spp., Delia spp., Drosophila melanogaster, Liriomyza spp., Melanagromyza spp., Orseolia spp., Oscinella frit, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Phorbia spp., Rhagoletis pomonella, Sciara spp.; from the order Acarina, pests such as Acarus siro, Aceria sheldoni, Aculus schlechtendali, Amblyomma spp., Argas spp., Brevipalpus spp., Bryobia praetiosa, Calipitrimerus spp., Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Eotetranychus carpini, Eriophyes spp., Hyalomma spp., Olygonychus pratensis, Ornithodoros spp., Panonychus spp., Phyllocoptruta spp. (such as Phyllocoptruta oleivora), Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp., Tarsonemus spp. and Tetranychus spp.; and from the class Nematoda, the species of Meloidogyne spp. (for example, Meloidogyne incoginita and Meloidogyne javanica), Heterodera spp. (for example, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii, Heterodora avenae and Heterodora trifolii), Globodera spp. (for example, Globodera rostochiensis), Radopholus spp. (for example, Radopholus similes), Rotylenchulus spp., Pratylenchus spp. (for example, Pratylenchus neglectans and Pratylenchus penetrans), Aphelenchoides spp., Helicotylenchus spp., Hoplolaimus spp., Paratrichodorus spp., Longidorus spp., Nacobbus spp., Subanguina spp. Belonlaimus spp., Criconemella spp., Criconemoides spp. Ditylenchus spp., Dolichodorus spp., Hemicriconemoides spp., Hemicycliophora spp., Hirschmaniella spp., Hypsoperine spp., Macroposthonia spp., Melinius spp., Punctodera spp., Quinisulcius spp., Scutellonema spp., Xiphinema spp., and Tylenchorhynchus spp.

The compositions of the present invention can be used in agricultural lands such as fields, paddy fields, lawns and orchards or in non-agricultural lands. The present invention may be used to control pests in agricultural lands for cultivating the plants without any phytotoxicity to the plant.

Examples of the crops on which the present compositions may be used include but are not limited to corn, rice, wheat, barley, rye, oat, sorghum, cotton, soybean, peanut, buckwheat, beet, rapeseed, sunflower, sugar cane, tobacco, Chillies etc.; vegetables: solanaceous vegetables such as eggplant, tomato, pimento, pepper, potato, Chillies etc., cucurbit vegetables such as cucumber, pumpkin, zucchini, water melon, melon, squash, etc., cruciferous vegetables such as radish, white turnip, horseradish, kohlrabi, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, leaf mustard, broccoli, cauliflower, etc., asteraceous vegetables such as burdock, crown daisy, artichoke, lettuce, etc, liliaceous vegetables such as green onion, onion, garlic, and asparagus, ammiaceous vegetables such as carrot, parsley, celery, parsnip, etc., chenopodiaceous vegetables such as spinach, Swiss chard, etc., lamiaceous vegetables such as Perilla frutescens, mint, basil, etc, strawberry, sweet potato, Dioscorea japonica, colocasia, etc., flowers, foliage plants, turf grasses, fruits: pome fruits such apple, pear, quince, etc, stone fleshy fruits such as peach, plum, nectarine, Prunus mume, cherry fruit, apricot, prune, etc., citrus fruits such as orange, lemon, rime, grapefruit, etc., nuts such as chestnuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, almond, pistachio, cashew nuts, macadamia nuts, etc. berries such as blueberry, cranberry, blackberry, raspberry, etc., grape, kaki fruit, olive, plum, banana, coffee, date palm, coconuts, etc. , trees other than fruit trees; tea, mulberry, flowering plant, trees such as ash, birch, dogwood, Eucalyptus, Ginkgo biloba, lilac, maple, Quercus, poplar, Judas tree, Liquidambar formosana, plane tree, zelkova, Japanese arborvitae, fir wood, hemlock, juniper, Pinus, Picea, and Taxus cuspidate, etc.

In an aspect the present invention may provide a method of improving the yield of a crop, said method comprising, applying to the locus of the crop a combination comprising:
(a) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation selected from chlorfenapyr, DNOC and Sulfluramid or their derivatives;
(b) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or their derivatives; and
(c) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase selected from Azocyclotin, Cyhexatin, Fenbutatin oxide, Tetradifon, Propargite Diafenthiuron or their derivatives.

The combinations of the present invention may be sold as a pre-mix composition or a kit of parts such that individual actives may be mixed before spraying. Alternatively, the kit of parts may contain the uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation selected from chlorfenapyr, DNOC and Sulfluramid or their derivatives; voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or their derivatives; and inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase selected from Azocyclotin, Cyhexatin, Fenbutatin oxide, Tetradifon, Propargite Diafenthiuron or their derivatives.

Chlorfenapyr, Indoxacarb and diafenthiuron may be admixed with an adjuvant such that the components may be tank mixed before spraying.

The composition of the present invention maybe applied simultaneously as a tank mix or a formulation or may be applied sequentially. The application may be made to the soil before emergence of the plants, either pre-planting or post-planting. The application may be made as a foliar spray at different timings during crop development.

As demonstrated, combination of chlorfenapyr, Indoxacarb and Diafenthiuron greatly improved the disease control as well as improved yield and demonstrated a synergistic effect.

While the foregoing written description of the invention enables one of ordinary skill to make and use what is considered presently to be the best mode thereof, those of ordinary skill will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, and equivalents of the specific embodiment, method, and examples herein. The invention should therefore not be limited by the above described embodiment, method, and examples, but by all embodiments and methods within the scope and spirit of the invention.

The invention shall now be described with reference to the following specific examples. It should be noted that the example(s) appended below illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design many alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.
EXAMPLES:
SYNERGY STUDIES
Examples 1: Chlorfenapyr, Indoxacarb and Diafenthiuron in Cauliflower
Field trials were carried out to test the synergy of the combination Chlorfenapyr, Indoxacarb and Diafenthiuron. The field trials were carried out at various locations in Pune. The percentage efficacy was calculated via Colby formula after 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after applications. The target pest Plutella xylostella & Spodoptera in cauliflower and the results are recorded in the table below:

Table 1:

Dose % control of Plutella xylostella in Cauliflower
3DAA 7DAA 10DAA 14DAA
Active Rate
Unit Expected Actual Expected Actual Expected Actual Expected Actual
Chlorfenapyr 1000ml/ha 74 78 76 68
Diafenthiuron 600 gm/ha 68 70 68 67
Indoxacarb 500 gm/ha 64 68 64 58
Chlorfenapyr + Diafenthiuron + Indoxacarb 1000gm/ha 75.68 93 70.75
94 74.16
95 81.18
91
Observed – Expected efficacy 17.32 23.25 20.84 9.82
Chlorfenapyr + Diafenthiuron + Indoxacarb 750 gm/ha 75.68 84 70.75
88 74.16
86
81.18
82
Observed – Expected efficacy 8.32 17.25 11.84 0.82

Conclusion: From the above it is concluded that the combination of chlorfenapyr + Diafenthiuron + Indoxacarb is effective in controlling Plutella xylostella in cauliflower at different dosages.
Table 2:

Dose % control of Spodoptera in Cauliflower
3DAA 7DAA 10DAA 14DAA
Active Rate
Unit Expected Actual Expected Actual Expected Actual Expected Actual
Chlorfenapyr 1000ml/ha 78 82
81
70

Diafenthiuron 600 gm/ha 54
57
53
45

Indoxacarb 500 gm/ha 66
67
66
60

Chlorfenapyr + Diafenthiuron + Indoxacarb 1000gm/ha 76.24 98 72.62
100 74.92
99 82.33
91
Observed – Expected efficacy 21.76 27.38 24.08 8.67
Chlorfenapyr + Diafenthiuron + Indoxacarb 750gm/ha 76.24 84 72.62
88 74.92
86 82.33
83
Observed – Expected efficacy 7.76 15.38 11.08 0.67

Conclusion: From the above it is concluded that the combination of Chlorfenapyr + Diafenthiuron + Indoxacarb is effective in controlling Spodoptera in cauliflower at different dosages.

Examples 2: Chlorfenapyr, Indoxacarb and Diafenthiuron in Chilies
Table 3:

Dose % control of Thrips in Chilies
3DAA 7DAA 10DAA 14DAA
Active Rate
Unit Expected Actual Expected Actual Expected Actual Expected Actual
Chlorfenapyr 1000ml/ha 76 76 76 73
Diafenthiuron 600 gm/ha 63 64 63 73
Indoxacarb 500 gm/ha 37 40 43 37
Chlorfenapyr + Diafenthiuron + Indoxacarb 1000gm/ha 82.05 92 81.24
92 80.58
92 82.71
88
Observed – Expected efficacy 9.95 10.16 11.42 5.29

Table 4:

Dose % control of mites in Chilies
3DAA 7DAA 10DAA 14DAA
Active Rate
Unit Expected Actual Expected Actual Expected Actual Expected Actual
Chlorfenapyr 1000ml/ha 75
77 63 65
Diafenthiuron 600 gm/ha 59 68 72 64
Indoxacarb 500 gm/ha 49 45 45 41
Chlorfenapyr + Diafenthiuron + Indoxacarb 1000gm/ha 80.02
92 79.12
95 85.55
93 84.43
85
Observed – Expected efficacy 11.98 15.88 7.45 0.57

Conclusion: From the above table 3 and table 4 it is concluded that the combination of Chlorfenapyr + Diafenthiuron + Indoxacarb is synergistic in controlling Thrips and mites in Chilies.
,CLAIMS:
1. A combination comprising:
a. Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation selected from chlorfenapyr, DNOC and sulfluramid or their derivatives;
b. Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or their derivatives; and
c. Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, tetradifon, propargite, diafenthiuron or their derivatives.

2. The combination as claimed in claim 1 wherein said combination comprises
a. Chlorfenapyr or its derivatives;
b. Indoxacarb or its derivatives; and
c. Diafenthiuron or its derivatives.

3. A composition comprising:
a. Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation selected from chlorfenapyr, DNOC and sulfluramid or their derivatives;
b. Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or their derivatives; and
c. Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, tetradifon, propargite, diafenthiuron or their derivatives.

4. The composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein said composition comprises:
a. Chlorfenapyr or its derivatives;
b. indoxacarb or its derivatives; and
c. diafenthiuron or its derivatives.

5. The composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein said composition comprises:
a. Chlorfenapyr or its derivatives in an amount of 0.1 to 99% by weight;
b. indoxacarb or its derivatives in an amount of 0.1 to 99% by weight; and
c. diafenthiuron or its derivatives in an amount of 0.1 to 99% by weight.

6. A method of controlling insect pests at a locus, said method comprising applying to the locus a combination or a composition claimed in the preceding claims comprises:
(a) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation selected from chlorfenapyr, DNOC and Sulfluramid or their derivatives;
(b) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or their derivatives; and
(c) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase selected from Azocyclotin, Cyhexatin, Fenbutatin oxide, Tetradifon, Propargite Diafenthiuron or their derivatives.

7. A kit-of-parts comprising a plurality of components, wherein said plurality of components comprises:
(i) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation selected from chlorfenapyr, DNOC and Sulfluramid or their derivatives;
(ii) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or their derivatives; and
(iii) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase selected from Azocyclotin, Cyhexatin, Fenbutatin oxide, Tetradifon, Propargite Diafenthiuron or their derivatives.