This invention relates to One dimensional structure of MnO2 developed through a protonated controlled hydrothermally assisted redox reaction.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is highly complex to develop one dimensional (1D) structures resembling nanowires/nanorods uniformly over complete specimen of the sample. Infect on visualization of large area inside the sample, numerous bulk morphologies accompanied by the proposed 1D structures. Hence, exact morphologies free from other physical structures are somehow still a matter of debate.
Normally metal oxides developed via controlled reaction has higher tendency of deviation from its regular desired morphologies in nanoscale dimension. Addition of protons at controlled conditions to shape the redox kinetics inside the growth mechanism of 1D structures is often meticulous with high complexity.
CN106410181A the invention discloses a preparation method of graphene composite containing MnO2 nanowires. Graphite oxide sheets and MnO2 nanowires are evenly mixed with a simple ultrasonic dispersion method, the MnO2 nanowires can be attached to the graphene sheets, and a self-supporting MnO2 nanowire/graphene oxide composite membrane is prepared with a microporous suction filtration method and successfully reduced to a self-supporting MnO2 nanowire/graphene composite membrane adopting a porous structure. The self-supporting MnO2 nanowire/graphene composite membrane has higher reversible specific capacity and better stability than those of pure MnO2 powder. The composite membrane material integrates advantages of the MnO2 nanowires and graphene and overcomes the defects of poor cycle stability and severe volume expansion effect of the pure MnO2 nanowires.
Research Gap: The diameter Distribution of proposed nano wire is in 5-40 nm instead of reported 70- 80nm.Uniformity is uncertain for the quantity and quality. The reported filtration method is not flexible with the current proposed method.
KR20170092354A discloses a reduced oxidized graphene / cobalt oxide complex having a manganese dioxide nanowire embedded therein and a method for producing the reduced graphene oxide / cobalt oxide composite. When the composite is used as an improved electrode, a high ratio of 1560 F / g at a current density of 2 A / And the storage capacity after 1,500 times of use is reduced by only 5.9%, which shows excellent long-term circulation stability. In particular, the composite can be produced quickly and efficiently by using the two-step method.
Research Gap: The reported nanowires are in twisted shape compared to the straight 1D proposed structures. The reported work mainly focused on the nanocomposite rather than the pristine MnO2 as proposed.
None of the prior art indicate above either alone or in combination with one another disclose what the present invention has disclosed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts, in a simplified format, that are further described in the detailed description of the invention.
This summary is neither intended to identify key or essential inventive concepts of the invention and nor is it intended for determining the scope of the invention.
To further clarify advantages and features of the present invention, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which is illustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail with the accompanying drawings.
In this invention, one dimensional structure (1D) of MnO2 is developed by controlling a redox reaction through slow adjustments of proton admission into the reaction kinetics. These nanowires could be the building blocks for the future technology based on nanomaterials commonly termed as nanotechnology. These 1D structures can be used as a semiconducting interconnect in electronics for developing quantum nanoelectronic devices or may be quantum computers. They can be used to develop nanosensors for their increased specific surface area and sensitivity. Moreover, their increased surface area can promote variety of catalytic processes useful for energy storage devices as an electrode material in Li-ion battery or supercapacitors and thus could help to develop sustainable energy resource. Their confined small structures can be utilized in drug delivery in biomedical field and also for biosensing applications.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The illustrated embodiments of the subject matter will be understood by reference to the drawings, wherein like parts are designated by like numerals throughout. The following description is intended only by way of example, and simply illustrates certain selected embodiments of devices, systems, and methods that are consistent with the subject matter as claimed herein, wherein:
Figure 1: Flow diagram for growth of one dimensional MnO2
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The detailed description of various exemplary embodiments of the disclosure is described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments are described herein in such details as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of details provided herein is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
It is also to be understood that various arrangements may be devised that, although not explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the present disclosure. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and embodiments of the present disclosure, as well as specific examples, are intended to encompass equivalents thereof.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a",” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes” and/or “including,” when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and/or groups thereof.
It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions/acts noted may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two figures shown in succession may, in fact, be executed concurrently or may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality/acts involved.
In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", “third”, and the like in the present invention are used for the purpose of description only, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defining "first" and "second" may include at least one of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which example embodiments belong. It will be further understood that terms, e.g., those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
These and other advantages of the present subject matter would be described in greater detail with reference to the following figures. It should be noted that the description merely illustrates the principles of the present subject matter. It will thus be appreciated that those skilled in the art will be able to devise various arrangements that, although not explicitly described herein, embody the principles of the present subject matter and are included within its scope.
In the present invention, one dimensional structure (1D) of MnO2 is developed by controlling a redox reaction through slow adjustments of proton admission into the reaction kinetics.
These nanowires could be the building blocks for the future technology based on nanomaterials commonly termed as nanotechnology. The materials when shrink to the nanoscale, their optical, mechanical, electrical involving various physical and chemical characteristics changes, opening the door for new technologies.
However, exact growth of 1D structures are still ambiguous and needs a strong research. The proposed invention tries to resolve some of the prominent issues related to commercialized large-scale production in environmentally friendly manner along with quality issues related to uniformity.
Here, potassium permanganate (KMnO4) provide the permanganate ions as oxidizing agent and Sodium Nitrite (NaNO2) provides the nitrite ions as reducing agent. These compounds are mixed in the ratio of 2:3 M concentration, respectively.
The involved redox kinetics is controlled by the addition of protons H+ ions from H2SO4. In a normal process, firstly, 3:2 M of NaNO2 and KMnO4, respectively were mixed in 35 ml distilled water and strongly agitated magnetically.
The solution was kept for stirring for 10 min for homogenous mixing. Then 0.3 M H2SO4 solution of 3 ml quantity was slowly added in droplet form at irregular intervals. The droppings were halted at every time for a while whenever the reaction colour was changing towards pale reddish.
This meticulous optimization is required to fine tune the shape of the final product. Then, hydrothermal reaction was proceeded at 150ºC, 15 h in stainless steel chamber of 50 ml capacity. The solution was then cooled normally and purified with distilled water. The precipitate obtained after drying was further calcined at 300ºC, 4 h to gain 1D MnO2. A flow diagram for the brief procedures involved in synthesis of 1D MnO2 is presented in Figure 1.
Novel Features of the Invention:
1. The present method could produce strictly one dimensional (1D) structure free from any bulk or other morphologies.
2. The present method could produce highly pristine form of MnO2 with different phases.
3. The present method could be used effectively in environmentally friendly manner at low cost for large scale commercialized production.
, Description:TITLE OF THE INVENTION
ONE DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF MNO2 DEVELOPED THROUGH A PROTONATED CONTROLLED HYDROTHERMALLY ASSISTED REDOX REACTION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to One dimensional structure of MnO2 developed through a protonated controlled hydrothermally assisted redox reaction.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is highly complex to develop one dimensional (1D) structures resembling nanowires/nanorods uniformly over complete specimen of the sample. Infect on visualization of large area inside the sample, numerous bulk morphologies accompanied by the proposed 1D structures. Hence, exact morphologies free from other physical structures are somehow still a matter of debate.
Normally metal oxides developed via controlled reaction has higher tendency of deviation from its regular desired morphologies in nanoscale dimension. Addition of protons at controlled conditions to shape the redox kinetics inside the growth mechanism of 1D structures is often meticulous with high complexity.
CN106410181A the invention discloses a preparation method of graphene composite containing MnO2 nanowires. Graphite oxide sheets and MnO2 nanowires are evenly mixed with a simple ultrasonic dispersion method, the MnO2 nanowires can be attached to the graphene sheets, and a self-supporting MnO2 nanowire/graphene oxide composite membrane is prepared with a microporous suction filtration method and successfully reduced to a self-supporting MnO2 nanowire/graphene composite membrane adopting a porous structure. The self-supporting MnO2 nanowire/graphene composite membrane has higher reversible specific capacity and better stability than those of pure MnO2 powder. The composite membrane material integrates advantages of the MnO2 nanowires and graphene and overcomes the defects of poor cycle stability and severe volume expansion effect of the pure MnO2 nanowires.
Research Gap: The diameter Distribution of proposed nano wire is in 5-40 nm instead of reported 70- 80nm.Uniformity is uncertain for the quantity and quality. The reported filtration method is not flexible with the current proposed method.
KR20170092354A discloses a reduced oxidized graphene / cobalt oxide complex having a manganese dioxide nanowire embedded therein and a method for producing the reduced graphene oxide / cobalt oxide composite. When the composite is used as an improved electrode, a high ratio of 1560 F / g at a current density of 2 A / And the storage capacity after 1,500 times of use is reduced by only 5.9%, which shows excellent long-term circulation stability. In particular, the composite can be produced quickly and efficiently by using the two-step method.
Research Gap: The reported nanowires are in twisted shape compared to the straight 1D proposed structures. The reported work mainly focused on the nanocomposite rather than the pristine MnO2 as proposed.
None of the prior art indicate above either alone or in combination with one another disclose what the present invention has disclosed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts, in a simplified format, that are further described in the detailed description of the invention.
This summary is neither intended to identify key or essential inventive concepts of the invention and nor is it intended for determining the scope of the invention.
To further clarify advantages and features of the present invention, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which is illustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail with the accompanying drawings.
In this invention, one dimensional structure (1D) of MnO2 is developed by controlling a redox reaction through slow adjustments of proton admission into the reaction kinetics. These nanowires could be the building blocks for the future technology based on nanomaterials commonly termed as nanotechnology. These 1D structures can be used as a semiconducting interconnect in electronics for developing quantum nanoelectronic devices or may be quantum computers. They can be used to develop nanosensors for their increased specific surface area and sensitivity. Moreover, their increased surface area can promote variety of catalytic processes useful for energy storage devices as an electrode material in Li-ion battery or supercapacitors and thus could help to develop sustainable energy resource. Their confined small structures can be utilized in drug delivery in biomedical field and also for biosensing applications.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The illustrated embodiments of the subject matter will be understood by reference to the drawings, wherein like parts are designated by like numerals throughout. The following description is intended only by way of example, and simply illustrates certain selected embodiments of devices, systems, and methods that are consistent with the subject matter as claimed herein, wherein:
Figure 1: Flow diagram for growth of one dimensional MnO2
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The detailed description of various exemplary embodiments of the disclosure is described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments are described herein in such details as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of details provided herein is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
It is also to be understood that various arrangements may be devised that, although not explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the present disclosure. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and embodiments of the present disclosure, as well as specific examples, are intended to encompass equivalents thereof.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a",” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes” and/or “including,” when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and/or groups thereof.
It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions/acts noted may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two figures shown in succession may, in fact, be executed concurrently or may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality/acts involved.
In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", “third”, and the like in the present invention are used for the purpose of description only, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defining "first" and "second" may include at least one of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which example embodiments belong. It will be further understood that terms, e.g., those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
These and other advantages of the present subject matter would be described in greater detail with reference to the following figures. It should be noted that the description merely illustrates the principles of the present subject matter. It will thus be appreciated that those skilled in the art will be able to devise various arrangements that, although not explicitly described herein, embody the principles of the present subject matter and are included within its scope.
In the present invention, one dimensional structure (1D) of MnO2 is developed by controlling a redox reaction through slow adjustments of proton admission into the reaction kinetics.
These nanowires could be the building blocks for the future technology based on nanomaterials commonly termed as nanotechnology. The materials when shrink to the nanoscale, their optical, mechanical, electrical involving various physical and chemical characteristics changes, opening the door for new technologies.
However, exact growth of 1D structures are still ambiguous and needs a strong research. The proposed invention tries to resolve some of the prominent issues related to commercialized large-scale production in environmentally friendly manner along with quality issues related to uniformity.
Here, potassium permanganate (KMnO4) provide the permanganate ions as oxidizing agent and Sodium Nitrite (NaNO2) provides the nitrite ions as reducing agent. These compounds are mixed in the ratio of 2:3 M concentration, respectively.
The involved redox kinetics is controlled by the addition of protons H+ ions from H2SO4. In a normal process, firstly, 3:2 M of NaNO2 and KMnO4, respectively were mixed in 35 ml distilled water and strongly agitated magnetically.
The solution was kept for stirring for 10 min for homogenous mixing. Then 0.3 M H2SO4 solution of 3 ml quantity was slowly added in droplet form at irregular intervals. The droppings were halted at every time for a while whenever the reaction colour was changing towards pale reddish.
This meticulous optimization is required to fine tune the shape of the final product. Then, hydrothermal reaction was proceeded at 150ºC, 15 h in stainless steel chamber of 50 ml capacity. The solution was then cooled normally and purified with distilled water. The precipitate obtained after drying was further calcined at 300ºC, 4 h to gain 1D MnO2. A flow diagram for the brief procedures involved in synthesis of 1D MnO2 is presented in Figure 1.
Novel Features of the Invention:
1. The present method could produce strictly one dimensional (1D) structure free from any bulk or other morphologies.
2. The present method could produce highly pristine form of MnO2 with different phases.
3. The present method could be used effectively in environmentally friendly manner at low cost for large scale commercialized production.

We Claim:
1. A process of synthesis one dimensional structure of MnO2 developed through
a protonated controlled hydrothermally assisted redox reaction comprises
Mixing 3:2 M of NaNO2 and KMnO4, respectively are mixed in 35 ml distilled water
and strongly agitated magnetically; and the solution is kept for stirring for 10 min
for homogenous mixing;
Adding slowly 0.3 M H2SO4 solution of 3 ml quantity in droplet form at irregular
intervals;
Halting the droppings halted at every time for a while whenever the reaction
colour is changing towards pale reddish;
Wherein the meticulous optimization is required to fine tune the shape of the final
product;
obtained the precipitate after drying further calcined at 300ºC, 4h to gain 1D
MnO2.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein hydrothermal reaction is proceeded
at 150ºC, 15 h in stainless steel chamber of 50 ml capacity.
3. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solution is cooled normally and
purified with distilled water.
4. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein one-dimensional structure (1D) of
MnO2 is developed by controlling a redox reaction through slow adjustments of
proton admission into the reaction kinetics.
5. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said nanowires are the building
blocks and materials when shrink to the nanoscale, their optical, mechanical,
electrical involving various physical and chemical characteristics changes,
opening the door for new technologies.
6. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein potassium permanganate (KMnO4)
provide the permanganate ions as oxidizing agent and Sodium Nitrite (NaNO2)
provides the nitrite ions as reducing agent; and these compounds are mixed in
the ratio of 2:3 M concentration, respectively