OPIOID RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS The present invention is in the field of medicinal chemistry. The invention relates specifically to compounds useful as opioid antagonists, methods of treatment, methods of using, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. Background Three types of opioid receptors, mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors are generally reported. Recent evidence points to the interactions between receptor dimer combinations of mu, kappa and/or delta receptors (called heterodimers) as also contributing to opioid activity. Opioid receptors and their normal regulation or lack thereof, has been implicated in disease states including irritable bowel syndrome, nausea, vomiting, pmritic dermatoses, depression, smoking and alcohol addiction, sexual dysfunction, stroke and trauma in animals. Therefore it is not surprising that the ability to antagonistically bind opioid receptors has been shown to produce ameliorative, prcventative and/or treatment effects in animals including humans afflicted with one or more of these disease states. More recently, certain antagonists of the opioid receptors have been found to increase metabolic energy consumption, and reduction of weight in obese rats while maintaining muscle mass. These findings indicate that an effective opioid antagonist may be useful in preventing, treating and/or ameliorating the effect of obesity. Considering the percentage of the population mat is obese in Western societies and the indirect costs associated with treating the effects and symptoms of obesity and Related Diseases, the importance of these findings cannot be overstated. Though many opioid antagonists have been disclosed, the search continues for alternative and/or improved or more effective antagonists having an overall benefit to the patient with little or no major side effects. U.S Patent No. 4,891,379 disclosed phenylpiperidine opioid antagonists useful for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. In particular, U.S. patent 4,891,379 disclosed the compound LY 255582 represented by the structure:U.-S. Patent No. 4,191,771 also disclosed compounds useful as opioid antagonists. AJso, bicyclic analogs of phenyl piperidine have been prepared and reported as opioid antagonists in Wentland, et aL, Biorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 11 (2001) 623-626; see also Wentland, et al., Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 11 (2001) 1717-1721. Finally, European Patent application number HP 1 072592A2 filed May 18,2000, discloses phenylpiperidine compounds of formula 1(Figure Removed)wherein A, D, R1, R2, R3, X, and n have meanings given in the description, which are useful in the prophylaxis and in the treatment of diseases mediated by opioid receptors such as pruritus. U.S patent No. 6,140,352 and related patents disclose the compound of formula Formula 1(Figure Removed)wherein the variables Xi, X2> Xi RI, RS, R*, RS and Re are as described therein, as » agonists of the beta adrenergic receptor useful for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. Regardless of these and other disclosures of compounds useful as opioid receptor antagonists, or useful for the treatment of obesity, and/or diabetes by other mechanisms, mere remains an unmet medical need for a safe, effective and/or alternate treatment or prophylaxis of diseases associated with opioid receptors, particularly obesity and Related Diseases. Summary of the Invention The present invention provides a compound of the formula I (Figure Removed)wherein each of X|, X?, Xj, X*, and X$ is C, CH, or N; provided that ring B has no more than 2 nitrogen atoms; X is NH or CH2, so that ring A is cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, or piperidinyl; EisNHorO; vis 0,1,2, or 3; q is 0 or 1, provided that when the A-ring is cyclohexyl or cyclohexenyl q is 1 and provided that v and q are not simultaneously 0; R1 and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, Q-Cg alkyl, Cj-Cg alkenyl, C2-Cg alkynyl, aryl, Cs-Cg cycloalkyl, Ci-CJO alkylaryl, heterocyclyl, Cj-Cjo alkylheterocyclic, -Q-Cg alkylC(O)Ci-Cg alkyl, -(CH2)n(CO) C3-Cg cycloalkyl-, -C2-Cg alkylCH(OH)aryl, -, -CO(O)C,-C8alkyl, -SO2CrC8alkyl, -SC^Ci-Cio alkylaryl, -SQzQ-Cg alkylheterocyclic, -C,-C8 alkylcycloalkyl, -(CH2)nC(O)OR8, -(CH2)nC(O)R8, -(CH2)mC(O)NR8R8, and -(CH2)mNSO2R8; wherein each of the alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, and aryl groups are optionally substituted with one to five groups independently selected from halo, CrCg haloalkyl, Cj-Cg thioalkyl, C»-Cg alkyl, QrCg alkenyl, aryl, -C,-Cg alkylaryl, -C(O)Ci-C8 alkyl, -SOjC.-Cg alkyl, -SOzQ-Q, alkylaryl, -d-C8 alkylcycloalkyl; and wherein R1 and R2 may optionally combine with each other to form a 4, 5,6, or 7-jnrernbered nitrogen-containing beterocycle which nitrogen-containing heterocycte may further have snbstituents selected from the group consisting of amino, Ci-Cg alkyl, Cy-Cg alkenyl, Cz-Cg alkynyl, aryl, C,-Cg alkylaryl, -C(O)C,-Cg alkyl, -CCXOK^-Q alkyl, halo, oxo, Ci-Cg haloalkyl; R3 and R3 are each independently selected from hydrogen, C|-C8 alkyl, Cz-Cg alkenyl, Cz-Ct alkynyl, aryl, -Ci-Cg alkylcycloalkyl, or -C,-C8 alkylaryl; C1-C8 alkylheterocyclic; or R3 and R3 combine to form a CrCg cycloalkyl, Q-Cg cycloalkenyl, or Cs-Cio heterocyclic; R4 and R5 are each independently selected from hydrogen, Cj-Cg alkyl, C2-C8 alkenyl, -C2-Cg alkynyl, -Cj-Cg alkoxyalkyl, Ci-Cg thioalkyl, halo, Ci-Cg haloalkyl, -Ci-Cg alkoxyhaloalkyl, aryl, -Q-Cg alkylaryl, -C(O)Ci-Cg alkyl, or -C(O)OCi-C8 alkyl, -Ci-Cg alkylamino, -Ci-Cg alkylcycloalkyl, -(CH^QOX^i-Cg alkyl, and (CH2)»NR8R8, wherein each R4 or R5 is attached to its respective ring only at carbon atoms, and wherein y is 0,1, 2, or 3; and wherein z is 0,1,2, or 3; R6 and R7 are each independently selected from hydrogen, C|-Cg alkyl, Cr-Cg alkenyl, Cr-Cg alkynyl, -C(O)Ci-Cg alkyl, hydroxy, Q-Q alkoxy, -SOzCi-Q alkyl, SQjCi-Cg alkylaryl, -SQjCj-Cg alkylheterocyclic, aryl. -Ci-Cg alkylaryl, CrC7 cycloalkyl. -Ci-Q alkylcycloalkyl. -{2^>l]hepty]> bk:vck>[2,2J Jbeptenyl. As used herein the term "heterocydic" or "heterocyclyl" or "heterocycle" are used interchangeably and has its usual meaning and includes mono, bi or tricyclic or spirocyclic heterocyclic groups unless otherwise specified. Heterocycles as used herein may contain 1,2, or 3 heteroatoms selected independently from nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, unless otherwise specified. Examples of heterocylclic groups applicable to the present invention include but are not limited to pyranyl, piparazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, azapanyl, azaflorenyl, isoquinolinyl, indolinyl, thiophenyl, benzothiophenyl, oxazolyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, and piperidinyl. Each of the heterocyclic groups may be mono or di substituted or as specified with substituents such as alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, among others as defined. Furthermore, substitution may be at the 1-position or heteroatom as in piperazine, pyrrolidine or at a carbon atom or both.As used herein, the term "protecting group" refers to a group useful for masking reactive sites in a molecule to enhance the reactivity of another group or allow reaction at jpother desired site or sites following which the protecting group may be removed. Protecting groups are usually used to protect or mask groups including but not limited to -OH, -NH, and -COOH. Suitable protecting groups are known to one of skill in the art and are described in Protecting groups in Organic Synthesis, 3"1 edition, Greene, T W.; Wuts, P.G.M. Eds., John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1999. . As used herein, the term "solvate" is a form of the compound of the invention wherein a crystal or crystals of a compound of die invention have been formed from a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amount of the compound of formula I and a solvent. Typical solvating solvents include for example, water, methanol, ethanol, acetone and dimethylformamide. In those instances where a compound of the invention possesses acidic or basic functional groups, various salts may be formed which are more water soluble and/or more physiologically suitable than roe parent compound. Representative pharmaceutically acceptable salts, include but are not limited to, the alkali and alkaline earth salts such as lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum and the like. Salts ate conveniently prepared from the free acid by treating the acid in solution with a base or by exposing the acid to an ion-exchange resin. Included within the definition c^pharmaceuticaDy acceptable salts are the relatively non-toxic, inorganic and organic base addition salts of compounds of the present invention, for example, ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations, derived from nitrogenous bases of sufficient basicity to form salts with the compounds of this invention (see, for example, S. M. Berge, et al, "Pharmaceutical Salts," J. Phar. Sci.. 66: 1-19 (1977)). Moreover, the basic group(s) of the compound of the invention may be reacted with suitable organic or inorganic acids to form salts such as acetate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bicarbonate, bisulfate, bitartrate, borate, hydrobromide, camsylate, carbonate, clavulanate, citrate, chloride, edetate, edisylate, estolate, esylate, fluoride, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glutamate, glycolylarsanilate, hexylresorcinate, hydrochloride, hydroxynaphthoate, hydroiodide, isothionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurate, maleate, mandelate, mesylate, methylbromide, methylnitrate, methylsulfate, mucate, napsylate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pantothenate, phosphate, polygalacturonate,saticylate, stearate, subacetate, soccinate, tannate, tartrate, tosylate, trifluoroacetate, • trifluofomethane suHbnate, and valerate. Prcfened salts for the purpose of the invention ilclude the bydrochloride salt, the hydrobromide salt, the bisulf ate salt, the methane sulfonic acid salt, thep-toluenesulfonic acid salt, bitartrate, the acetate and the citrate salt A compound of the invention as illustrated by formula I may occur as any one of its positional isomers, stereochemical isomers or regio- isomers, all of which are objects of the invention. Certain compounds of the invention may possess one or more chiral centers, and thus, may exist in optically active forms. Likewise, when the compounds contain an alkenyl or alkenylene group, there exist the possibility of cis- and trans-isomeric forms of the compounds. The R- and S- isomers and mixtures thereof, including racemic mixtures as well as mixtures of enantiomers or cis- and trans- isomers, are contemplated by this invention. Additional asymmetric carbon atoms can be present in a substituent group such as an alkyl group. All such isomers as well as the mixtures thereof are intended to be included in the invention. If a particular stereoisomer is desired, it can be prepared by methods well known in the art by using stereospecific reactions with starting materials which contain die asymmetric centers and are already resolved or, alternatively by methods which lead to mixtures of the stereoisomers and subsequent resolution by known methods. For example, a racemic mixture may be reacted with a single enantiomer of some other compound ie. a chiral resolving agent This changes the racemic form into a mixture of stereoisomers and diastereomers, because they have different melting points, different boiling points, and different solubilities and can be separated by conventional means, such as crystallization. PCX international application WO 02/078693 A2 published October 10, 2002 discloses compounds of the formula (Figure Removed)wherein RI, Ra, RS, R4 and X are as described therein, as antagonists of the 5-HTe receptor for the treatment of disorders including cognitive disorders, age related disorders, mood disorders, psychosis, etc. The compounds of the present invention however, are useful for the treatment and/or prevention of obesity and Related Diseases. The compounds of the present invention have also shown inhibition of orexigenic effects,and are thus useful as appetite suppressants either as a single therapy or as combination therapy in conjunction with exercise and other effective appetite suppressing or weight loss medications. The efficacy of certain compounds of the present invention have been demonstrated by their activity or potency in several biological models including a binding scintillation proximity assay (SPA) and functional GTP-gamma-S assay). Preferred Embodiments of the Invention A compound of formula I preferably exists as the free base or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt More preferred is the hydrochloride salt, the bisulfate salt, mesylate or the oxalic acid salt of the compound of formula L Preferred embodiments of the compound of formula I include the substructures la, Ib Ic and Id as shown below:(Figure Removed)For the groups R1 and R2 Preferred R1 and R2 groups are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, pentyl, phenyl, naphthyl, benzothiophene, and isopropyl. Also preferred are R1 and R2 groups independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, phenyl, (Figure Removed)each of which is optionally substituted with a group selected from the group consisting of halogen, Q-Cg alkyl, Cj-Cg haloalkyl, Ci-C8 thioalkyl, C|-Cg alkylamino, phenyl, Cj-Cg alkylsubstituted phenyl, C-rCg heterocycle or -Ci-Q alkylheterocycle; or combine with a group selected from C|-Cg alkyl, halogen, Ci-Cg haloalkyl, Ci-Cg thioalkyl, Ci-C8 alkylamino, phenyl, Ci-C8 alkylsubstituted phenyl, C4-Cg heterocycle or Ci-CU alkyl heterocycle to form a substituted or unsubstituted bicycle or tricycle, and wherein n is preferably 1,2, or 3. Also preferred are R1 and R2 groups that combine with each other or with 1 or 2 atoms adjacent to the nitrogen atom to form a group selected from the group consisting of(Figure Removed)each of which is optionally substituted with a group selected from the group consisting of halogen, amino, C]-Cg alkyl, Ci-Cg haloalkyl, Ci-Cg thioalkyl, -Ci-Cg alkylamino, phenyl, Ci-Cg alkylsubstituted phenyl, G»-Cg heterocycle or -Q-Q alkylheterocycle. Prefened R3 and R3' Groups A preferred R3 is hydrogen. A preferred R3 group is selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, phenyl and benzyl. Preferred R4 Groups A preferred R4 group is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, Ct-C5 alky!, C,-C5 haloalkyl, C>-C5 alkoxy, -CrCs alkylamino, -N(d-C5 alkyl^, -NHCi-Cs alkyl, -C,-Cs alkyl NCQ-Q alkylK -Ci-Q alkylNHCj-Cj alkyl, phenyl, -C.-Q alkyrphenyl, -Ci-Cs alkylcycloalkyl, and Q-Cs thioalkyl. More preferred is a R4 group selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, chloro, fluoro. trifluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, tbiomethyl, phenyl, and benzyl. Most preferred is an R4 group selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, and benzyl. Though the groups R4 and a R5 may exist as multiple substituents on their respective ring substrates, a preferred embodiment of the invention involves compounds wherein each of R4, and R5 are independently singly or doubly substituted on their respective ring substrates. Preferred R5 Groups A preferred R5 group is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C\-C5 alkyl, C|-C5 haloalkyl, d-Q alkoxy, -d-C5 alkylamino, -N(C|-C5 alkyl)* -NHC,-C5alkyl, -C,-C5 alkylN(C,-C5 alky!)* -€,-€5 ancylNHC,-C5 alkyl, phcnyl, alkylphenyl, -Ci-Cs alkylcycloaDcyl, and C|-Cs thioalkyl. More preferred is an R group selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, chloro, fluoro, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, thiornethyl, phenyl, and benzyl. A most preferred R5 group is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopopropyl, fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, and benzyl. Preferred R6 and R7 Groups Preferred are R6 and R7 groups independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, pentyl, isopropyl, phenyl and benzyl. Also preferred are compounds of formula I wherein R6 and R7 independently combine with each other, and with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached or with 1, or 2 atoms adjacent to the nitrogen atom to form a 4,5,6, or 7-membered nitrogen containing heterocycle which nitrogen containing heterocycle may optionally have substituents selected from the group consisting of oxo, amino, Q-Q alkyl, Ca-Cg alkenyl, CrCt alkynyl, phenyl, -Ci-Q alkylaryU -G(p)CrCb alkyl, -CO(O)C,-Cg alkyl, hydroxy, C,-Ci alkoxy, halo, and bajoalkyl. Preferred values for q q is preferably 0 when the A-ring is piperidinyl. P is preferably 1 when the A-ring is cyclohexyl. Preferred E group A most preferred E group is an oxygen atom (O). Preferred A-ring A preferred A-ring is a cylohexyl or piperidinyl. Most preferred A ring is cyclohexyl. Preferred B-ring A preferred B-ring is a phenyl ring, a pyrazine ring, a pyrimidine ring or a pyridine ring. Most preferred B ring is a phenyl, pyrazine or pyridine ring.Preferred values for v, n and mA preferred value for v is 0,1, or 2. A preferred value for n is 1,2 or 3. A preferred value for m is lor 2. A preferred compound accordbg to die present invention is a compound selected from the group consisting of: ± 6- |4-[2-{tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-ediylarnino]-cyclohexyloxy }-nicotinamide, ± 6-[4-(2-Thk>pherH2-yl-ethyJamino)<^k)hexyk)xy]-nicotinamide (Figure Removed)±4-[4-(3-Phenyl-propylamino)-cyclohexyloxy]-benzamiderron5-6-(4-Benzylamino-cyck)hexyloxy)-Dicotinamide, 6-(l-Pyndi»-2-ylmettiyl-pipwidin-4-yloxy>nicotinamide (Figure Removed)6-( 1 -CyclopropyImethyl-piperidin-4-yloxy)-nicotinamide (Figure Removed)6-[HlH-LKW-2-ylroeti)yl)-piperidiii^yk)xyJ-nicotinainidc(Figure Removed)4-( 1 -Benzyl-piperidin-4-yloxy)-benzamide,4-[l-(3rPnenyl-^pn^)yI>piperidin-4-yloxy)-benzamide(Figure Removed)and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, enantiomer, diastereomer or a diastereomeric mixture thereof. Preparing Compounds of the Invention A typical protocol for the preparation of compounds of the invention and intennediates thereof wherein the A-ring is an optionally substituted cyclohexyl group is depicted in Scheme 1 below. (Figure Removed)According to Scheme 1, die starting material 3,3-Dimethyl-l,5-dioxa- • wspiro[5.5)undecanone (1) and analogs thereof is reduced to the corrresponding alcohol 33-Diniethyl-l^^dioxa-spiro[5^)undecan-9-ol (2) by reaction with polymer supported borohydride in a methanolic solvent. One of skill in the art is aware that other reducing agents and modes of reduction (e.g. without polymer support) may be utilized to afford the compound 2 and analogs thereof. The ketone 1 and analogs thereof may be purchased from Chemical distributors such as for example, Aldrich Chemical Co, Milawaukee, USA. The compound 3,3-Dimethyl-13-dioxa-spiro[5.5]undccan-9-ol (2) is men coupled with halo nicotinonitrile or halobenzonitrile or other B-ring source to afford the oxygen linked compound 3 or analog thereof. For example, optionally substituted 4-chloronicotinonitrile is reacted with compound 2 to afford the oxygen-linked compound 3 under basic conditions. Basic conditions include the use of bases selected from inorganic and organic bases. Examples of useful inorganic bases include but are not limited to potassium carbonate, sodium hydride, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and cesium carbonate. Examples of organic bases include but are not limited to potassium hexamethyl disilazkte, n-butyl lithium, bexamediylphophorous triamide, (HMPT), and roe like. The basic conditions are complemented by the presence of a solvent, preferably an organic solvent Preferred organic solvents include protic solvents or polar aprotic solvents. Most preferred solvents include dimethylformamide, methanol, dimemylacetamide (DMA), dimethylsulfoxide. A most preferred basic reaction condition involves the use of potassium carbonate in dimethylacetamide at temperatures of about 60 to 100 °C. The protecting group (dimethylacetal group) of compound 3 is removed by reaction with an acidic group such as for example, hydrochloric acid to afford the compound 4. The compound 4 is reductive! y aminated with a desired amine to afford the ami no compound 5, which is a compound of the invention. The reductive arnination may be performed in two steps or a single step depending on the stability of the intermediate imine intermediate. Typically, compound 4 is reacted with a primary or secondary amine (primary amine shown) in methanol as solvent. Molecular sieves may be added to enhance the efficiency of the imine formation. In a second step the reducing agent, typically, sodium borohydride or other hydride reducing agent is added to the reaction mixture. The progress of the reaction may be monitored by TLC, HPLC, LC-MS or other analytical technique knownto one of doll in the art to determine the substantial completion of each step and timing |or the addition of the next reagent The resulting amino nitrile compound 5 is bydrolyzed at the cyano group to afford the primary amide 6. Nitrile hydrolysis is preferably accomplished by reaction with hydrogen peroxide and an inorganic base such as sodium carbonate and preferably under pressure. A suitable solvent for accomplishing the above nitrile hydrolysis is DMSO or DMF. Analogues of compounds 3 and 5 having one or more substituent El groups may be prepared by using appropriately substituted starting materials or by inter-conversion of substituent functionality. For example an initial optional substituent group on the A or B ring may be protected and deprotected appropriately to achieve the desired end substituent R. Alternatively an initial substituent may be converted by known 1,2 or 3 step reactions to other desired final substituents. An alternate protocol illustrated in Scheme 2 shows the use of the benzamide as the source of ring B.Scheme 2(Figure Removed)The use of the amide starting material is particularly preferred for compounds of the invention where the B-ring is pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl or pyrimidinyl group.The carboxamide or heterocyclic amide may be introduced as part of the starting material • x-where the appropriate surrogate for the B-ring is commercially available or may be prepared using known methods. For example, the use of pyrazine carboxamide, nicotinaraide or substituted analogs thereof results in substituted derivatives or analogs of compounds of formula 3a or 6a, which are also compounds of the present invention. Primary and secondary amines are useful for the reductive animation to convert compound 4a to compound 6a as shown in Scheme 2. Examples of useful amines for the reductive animation include but are not limited to phenethylamine, 3-rnethylbutylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine, benzylamine and isopentylamine. Compounds prepared by this and other schemes disclosed herein, or known to one of skill in the art may further be converted to the acid addition salt as shown for example, in Scheme 3. (Figure Removed)Scheme 3 shows preparation of the hydrochloride salt 12a, a compound of the invention wherein R'R2NH is 3-methylbutylamine or other secondary amine group and R4 and R5 are both hydrogen. As shown, the starting material 7 is 4-hydroxy piperidineprotected at the nitrogen atom using tertiary butoxycarbonyl anhydride (Boc-anhydride). The Boc-protected piperidinol (7) is reacted with a source of the B-ring such as a halobenzonitrile, or a haloniconitrile (6-chloro-nicotinonitrile (8) shown) or balopyridazino nitrile or carboxaraide thereof as desired. The coupling reaction to form the ether linkage (9) is performed in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride or sodium carbonate in a suitable solvent such as DMA, DMF, or DMSO. The nitrile group of the resulting ether (9) is then hydrolyzed to form the primary amide. Hydrolysis of the nitrile is accomplished in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and a base such as sodium carbonate. The resulting amide 10 is hydrolyzed under acidic conditions to afford the deprotected compound 11. Deprotection of the Boc group is best accomplished using HC1, TFAor HF. Procedures for Boc-protection and deprotection are known to one of skill in the art and are described in general Organic chemistry references including Protecting groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rt edition, Greene, T. W.; Wuts, P.G.M. Eds., John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1999. Specific procedures may also be found in the experimental section herein. The tree piperidinyl NH group of compound 11 may be reacted with an aldehyde having die desired alkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkyl, allkylcycloalky), aJkylheterocyclic or other substituent within the scope of the invention to afford the desired N-substitoted piperidinyl compound 12. The compound 12 is dissolved in ethanol and a slight excess (e,g 1.0 to 13 molar equivalents based on the number of basic sites) of 1N hydrochloric acid is added at temperatures ranging from about 0 °C to room temperature. The mixture may be allowed to crystallize over time with or without cooling, or may be evaporated to afford the hydrochloride salt, which may be further purified by trituration with a suitable organic solvent such as toluene, hexanes, diethylether or mixtures thereof. Alternatively, anhydrous HC1 may be bubbled into a cold solution of compound 12 until the reaction is complete or the solution is saturated, and the mixture worked up as appropriate to afford compound 12a. One of skill in the art is aware of the nuances and the varied techniques for preparing, isolating and purifying acid addition salts, and should achieve comparable results using methods appropriate for the particular substrate without undue experimentation.A modified protocol for preparing compounds of the invention is provided in • Scheme 4 wherein the nucleophUic displacement reaction to form the ether linkage is performed towards the end of the synthesis rather than early on. Scheme 4According to Scheme 4. the starting material is an appropriately substituted hydroxypiperidine (7) protected at the nitrogen using Boc anhydride. It may be possible to purchase the Boc-protected hydroxy piperidine. The Boc protected hydroxypiperidine 7 is reacted with a B-ring source such as 4-fluorobenzonitrile to afford the ether linked compound 9. Other B ring sources include for example, phenyl or pyridine carboxamide, benzonitrile or pyridino-nitrile and analogs thereof. Methods of accomplishing the coupling reaction have been disclosed previously. The compound 9 may be hydrolyzedto Hie aniide via the nitrite group, deprotected by removing the Boc group as disclosed apviously, and finally reductively aminated to afford a compound of the invention. w Alternatively, the ether compound 9 may be deprotected by removing the Boc group to afford the compound 13. The protecting group may be removed by use of hydrochloric acid or trifluoroacetic acid using procedures known to one of skill in the art One of skill in the art is aware mat appropriately substituted analogs of the compound of formula 13 may be prepared by starting with appropriately substituted starting materials or surrogates thereof which may be converted to the desired substituents. Deprotection of compound 9 to form compound 13 is followed by reductive amination to form the N-substituted piperidinyl compound 14. The N-substituted piperidinyl compound 14 is finally hydrolyzed at the nitrile group to afford compound 15, a compound of the invention. (Figure Removed)Compounds of formula I wherein v is 1 may be made following the synthetic svcheme described below:As shown in Scheme 5 4-hydroxy-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester (commercially available from Aldrich Chemical Company, Milwaukee, USA or other fine chemical suppliers) may be reacted with a source of the B-ring such as halobenzonitrile or haloniconitonitrile to form the ether linked product 13. The coupling reaction to form the * fcther linkage is performed in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride or potassium carbonate in a suitable solvent such as DMA, DMF or DMSO. The carboxylic acid ester is then selectively reduced to give the corresponding aldehyde.14. This reduction is accomplished with hydrides such as for example diisobutylalumnum hydride (DEB AL-H). The aldehyde 14 is then reductively aminated with the desired amino moiety to form the amine 15. The nitrile of the resulting amino precursor is then hydrolyzed to yield a compound of the invention 16. Yet another protocol for the preparation of compounds of formula I is shown in Scheme 6.Scheme 6(Figure Removed)The aldehyde 14 of scheme 5 is reacted with methoxymethyldiphenyl phosphine oxide or methoxymethytriphenyphosphonium chloridein the presence of a strong base such as n-butyl lithium, sec-butyl; lithium or potassium hexamethyldisilane or the like to afford the vinyl methylether 17. The vinylmethyl ether 17 is then hydrolyzed under acidic conditions to afford the higher aldehyde 18. The aldehyde 18 is then converted to the desired compound 20 of formula I as shown and discussed previously.Method of Using the Invention As noted above, the compounds of the present invention are useful in blocking the effect of agonists at mu, kappa, and/or delta opioid receptors. As such, the present invention also provides a method for blocking a mu, kappa, delta receptor or receptor combination (heterodirner) thereof in a mammal comprising administering to said mammal a receptor blocking dose of a compound of formula L The term "receptor blocking dose", as used herein, means an amount of a compound of formula I necessary to block a mu, kappa, or delta receptor or receptor combination (heterodirner) thereof following administration to a mamma) requiring blocking of a mu, kappa, or delta receptor or receptor combination (heterodimer) thereof. The compounds of formula I or combinations thereof, are effective over a wide dosage range. For example, dosages per day will normally fall within the range of about 0.05 to about 250 mg/kg of body weight. In the treatment of adult humans, the range of about 03 to about 100 mg/kg, in single or divided doses, is preferred. However, it will be understood that the amount of the compound actually administered will be determined by a physician in light of the relevant circumstances, including the condition to be treated, the choice of compound to be administered, the age, weight, and response of Hie individual patient, the severity of die patient's symptoms, and the chosen route of administration. Therefore, the above dosage ranges are not intended to limit the scope of tiie invention in any way. The compounds may be administered by a variety of routes such as the oral, transdermal, subcutaneous, sublingual, intranasal, intramuscular and intravenous routes. A variety of physiologic functions have been shown to be subject to or influenced by mu, kappa, or delta receptors or receptor combination (heterodimers) in the brain. As such, the compounds of the present invention are believed to have the ability to treat disorders associated with these receptors or combinations thereof, such as eating disorders, opioid overdose, depression, smoking, alcoholism, sexual dysfunction, shock, stroke, spinal damage and head trauma. As such, the present invention also provides methods of treating the above disorders by blocking the effect of agonists at a mu, kappa, delta receptors or receptor combinations (heterodimer) thereof. The compounds of the present invention have been found to display excellent activity in an opioid receptorbanding assay which measures the ability of die compounds to block the mu, kappa, delta » ig receptor combination (heterodimer) thereof. GTP-f-S Binding Assay An SPA - based GTP-f-S assay format was developed based on previous opioid (Emmerson et al., J. Pharm Exp Tber 278,1121,1996; Horng et al., Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 434.6,2000) and muscarinic (DeLapp et al., JPET 289,946, 1999) assay formats. Membranes were re-suspended in 20 mM HEPES, 100 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgCb,1 mM DTT, and 1 mM EDTA. Fifty (50) mL of GTP--y-[35S], compound, membrane suspension (20 microgram/well), and wheat germ agglutinin coated SPA beads (Img/well) were added to clear bottom 96 well assay plates. GDP (200 mM) was added to the membrane solution prior to addition to the assay plates. Plates were sealed and incubated for four hours at room temperature then placed in a refrigerator overnight to allow the beads to settle. Signal stability at 4 °C was determined to be > 60 hours. Plates were warmed to room temperature and counted in a WallacMkrobeta scintillation counter. For antagonist assays, specific agonists were added at me following concentrations: (MOR) DAMGO1 micromotor, (DOR) DFDPE 30 nM, (KOR) U69S93 300 nM. Kb's were determined by Cheng-Prosoff equation (see Cheng and Prnsoff, Biochem. Pharmacoi. 22,3099,1973). Results obtained for a representative sample of compounds of the invention in the GTP-Tf-S Binding Assay are shown in table 1 below. Table 1 In Vitro Antagonism GTP-r-S Binding Assay(Table Removed)Ex-Vivo Receptor Binding In order to bridge in vitro binding affinity and antagonist potency to in vivo potency and efficacy applicants have developed an ex vivo receptor binding assay in rat brain. This assay measures the difference in association (binding) of a high affinity nonselective opioid receptor radioligand (3H-diprenorphine) in brain tissue isolated from animals receiving vehicle versus compound treatment (less binding of 3H-diprenorphine = greater compound association with opioid receptors). Studies using the ex-vivo receptor binding assay have demonstrated a positive correlation between activity (potency and duration of activity) which also correlates to 24 hour efficacy in dietary induced obese rats. Methods. An opioid receptor ex vivo binding assay measures 3H-diprenorphine binding (0.1 -O.4 nM affinity radioligand for mu, delta and kappa receptors) in rat striatonVnudeus accumbens; a region of me brain mat contains a high density of mu, deha and kappa icc^tors, following oral adniinistratkm of comp Experimentally,, a screening dose of 7mg/kg,p.o. of compound or vehicle is administered to rats. Six bows following compound administration, the animals are sacrificed and the striatum/nucleus accumbens is isolated and homogenized in 10 volumes (weight/volume) binding buffer. The homogenate is men used in a homogenate binding assay using a saturating concentration of 3H-diprenorphine for 30 minutes. The homogenization and assay is performed at 4 °C, to minimize compound redistribution in the in vitro binding portion of the assay. Results are reported (Tab)e 2) as specific binding constant Ki in micromolar (uM). (Table Removed A compound of die invention is preferably presented in the form of a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient and a compound of the invention. Such compositions will contain from about 0.1 percent by weight to about 90.0 percent by weight of the compound of the invention (Active Ingredient). As such, the present invention also provides pharmaceutical formulations comprising a compound of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient thereof. In making the compositions of the present invention, the active ingredient will usually be mixed with a carrier, or diluted by a carrier, or enclosed within a carrier which niay be in the fonn of a capsule, sachet, paper or other container. When tine carrier serves as a diluent, it may be a solid, semi-solid or liquid material mat acts as a vehicle, excipient or medium for the active ingredient Thus, the composition can be in the form of tablets, pills, powders, lozenges, sachets, cachets, elixirs, emulsions, solutions, syrups, suspensions, aerosols (as a solid or in a liquid medium), and soft and hard gelatin capsules. Examples of suitable carriers, excipients, and diluents include lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, starches, gum acacia, calcium phosphate, alginates, calcium silicate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, tragacanth, gelatin, syrup, methyl cellulose, methyl- and propylhydroxybenzoates, talc, magnesium stearate, water, and mineral oil. The formulations may also include wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, preserving agents, sweetening agents or flavoring agents. The formulations of the invention may be formulated so as to provide quick, sustained, or delayed release of the active ingredient after administration to the patient by employing procedures well known in the art For oral administration, the Active Ingredient, a compound of this invention, may admixed with carriers and diluents and molded into tablets or enclosed in gelatin capsules. The compositions are preferably formulated in a unit dosage form, each dosage containing from about 1 to about 500 mg, more usually about 5 to about 300 mg, of the Active Ingredient The term "unit dosage form" refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human subjects and other mammals, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with a suitable pharmaceutical carrier. In order to more fully illustrate the operation of this invention, the following formulation examples are provided. The examples are illustrative only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The formulations may employ as Active Ingredient any of the compounds of the present invention. FORMULATION 1 Hard gelatin capsules are prepared using the following ingredients: (Table Removed The above ingredients are mixed and filled into hard gelatin capsules in 460 mg quantities. FORMULATION 2 » Capsules each containing 20 mg of medicament are made as follows: (Table Removed The active ingredient, cellulose, starch and magnesium stearate are blended, passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve and filled into a bard gelatin capsule. FORMULATION 3 Capsules each containing 100 mg of active ingredient are made as follows: (Table Removed The above ingredients are thoroughly mixed and placed in an empty gelatin capsule. FORMULATION 4 Tablets each containing 10 mg of active ingredient are prepared as follows: (Table Removed The active ingredient, starch and cellulose are passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve and mixed thoroughly. The solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone is mixed with the resultant powders which are then passed through a No. 14 mesh U.S. sieve. The granule so produced is dried at 50-60°C and passed through a No. 18 mesh U.S. sieve. The sodium carboxymethyl starch, magnesium stearate and talc, previously passed through a No. 60 mesh U.S. sieve, are then added to the granules, which after mixing, is compressed on a tablet machine to yield a tablet weighing 100 mg. FORMULATION 5 A tablet formula may be prepared using the ingredients below: (Table Removed The components are blended and compressed to form tablets each weighing 665mg. FORMULATION 6 Suspensions each containing 5 mg of medicament per 5 mL dose are made as follows: (Table Removed The medicament is passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve and mixed with the sodium carboxymethylcellulose and syrup to form a smooth paste. The benzoic acidsolution, flavor and color is diluted with some of the water and added to the paste with stirring. Sufficient water is men added to produce the required volume. / FORMULATION 7 An aerosol solution is prepared containing the following components: (Table Removed The active compound is mixed with ethanol and the mixture added to a portion of the Propellant 22. cooled to -30 °C and transferred to a filling device. The required amount is then fed to a stainless steel container and diluted further with the remaining amount of propellant The valve units are men fitted to the container.Stepl Preparation of 33-Dirnethyl-l,5-dioxa-spiro[5.5]undecan-9-ol (Figure Removed)Combine 33-dimethyl-l^-dioxa-spiro[5.5]undecan-9-one (Aldrich, 750 mg, 3.78 mmol) with polymer-supported borohydride (Aldrich, 3026 mg, 7.56 mmol) in methanol (30 mL). Shake by rotation the resulting mixture overnight. Filter the reaction mixture and concentrate the filtrate. Wash the residue with hydrochloric acid 0.1M and extract with EtOAc. Dry the organic layer over sodium sulfate, filter and concentrate. Step 2 Preparation of 6-(33-I>»methyl-l^iioxa-STMrct51urKkc-9-ykxyH»kx)tirK)nitrile (Figure Removed)Add dropwise a solution of 33-d»methyl-l^-dioxa-spiro[5.5|undecan-9-ol, (1445 mg, 7.22 mmol) in DMF (2.1 mL) to a suspension of sodium hydride (433 mg, 10.82 mmol) in DMF (8.6 mL). Let the reaction mixture stir at room temperature for Ih, then heat while stirring at 50°C for 20 min. Add dropwise a solution of 6-chloro-nicotinonitrile (1200 mg, 8.66 mmol) in DMF (4.5 mL). Continue the heating at 60°C and stirring overnight. Concentrate the reaction mixture to remove DMF. Wash the residue with water (15 mL) and extract with EtOAc/hexanes (20 mL). Dry the organic layer over sodium sulfate, filter and concentrate. Purify the residue by flash chromatography (eluent CHaCh/hexanes 2/1) to give 2000 mg (92% yield) of the title compound. (Figure Removed)Combine hydrochloric acid (l.OM aq., 20 mL) with a solution of 6-(3,3-dimethyI-l,5-dioxa-spiro[5^]undec-9-yloxy)-nicotinonitrile (2000 mg, 6.61 mmol) in acetone (25 mL). Stir at room temperature for 2h men at 40-50°C for Ih. Concentrate the reaction mixture. Partition the residue between EtOAc/hex (25 mL) and K2C(>} (aq. sat 20 mL). Wash the organic layer with water, brine, and dry it over sodium sulfate, filter and concentrate. Triturate the residue with EtOAc/hexanes (1/4) to provide a. white solid which is further purified by flash chromatography (EtOAc/Hexanes 1/4) to give 1010 mg (71% yield) as a white solid. Step 4 Preparation of 6-{4-[2<^clohexyloxy }-nicotiitonitrile>NE4-A05445-O35 (Figure Removed)Combine the previously obtained 6-(4-oxo-cyclohexyloxy)-nicotinonitrile (, 200 mg, 0.925 mmol), 2-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-ethylamine (Aldrich, 125 mg, 0.971 mmol) and a scoop of molecules sieves 3A in methanol (4 mL). Let the reaction mixture stir overnight, and then add sodium borohydride (70 mg, 1.85 mmol). Continue the stirring overnight. Purify the reaction mixture by loading onto an SCX column, washing with methanol and eluting with ammonia/methanol (2.0M). Purify the residue by two flash chromatographies (40/1 CHzCh/ammonia in methanol) to provide 199 mg (65%) of the title compound as pale yellow oil. Combine the previously obtained 6-{4-[2-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-ethylamino]-C^elobexyJoxy J-nicotinonitrile (199 rag, 0.604 mmol) and potassium carbonate in DMSO (4 mL). Cool the reaction mixture to 0°C, and men add hydrogen peroxide (0.181 mL) dropwise. Let the reaction mixture stir at room temperature for 3h. Pour the mixture onto water. Hlter the precipitate and redissolved in methanol. Concentrate and purify through an SCX column to provide the title compound. Mass spectrum (ion spray): m/z = 348.3 (M+l); *H NMR (CDC13): 8.62 (s, IH), 8.04 (m, IH), 6.75 (m, IH), 6.01 (bs, 2H), 5.32 (bs, IH), 5.07 (m, IH), 3.97 (dd, J=11.0 and 4.0 Hz, 2H), 3.40 (t, J=11.4 Hz, 2H), 2.73-2.54 (m, 3H), 2.21-2.03 (m, 3H), 1.79-1.28 (m, 12H). Example 2 ±6-[4-(3-Methyl-butylamino)-cyclohexyloxy]-nicotinamide (Figure Removed)Using a method similar to example 1, gives roe title compound (199 mg, 96%). Mass spectrum (ton spray): m/z = 3063 (M+l); *H NMR (CDCI3): 8.66 (s, IH), 8.13-8.10 (m, IH), 7.96 (bs, IH), 739 (bs, IH), 6.81 (m, IH), 5.17 (s, IH), 5.00 (m, IH), 2.49 (m, 3H), 2.06-1.14 (m, 14H), 0.88 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 6H). Example 3 Using a method similar to example 1, gives the title compound (203 mg, 87%). Mass spectrum (ion spray): m/z = 346.1 (M+l); *H NMR (CDC13): 8.61 (s, IH), 8.05- ±6-[4-(2-Thiophen-2-yl-ethy]amino)-cyc]ohexy)oxy]-nicotinamide (Figure Removed)8.00 (m, 1H), 7.17 (m, 1H), 6.% (m, 1H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 6.98-6.95 (m, 1H), 6.03 (bs, 2H), 531-5.04 (m, 1H), 3.07-2.% (m, 4H), 2.67-255 (m, 1H), 2,20-2.00 (m, 3H), 1.78-1.26 1N.6H). Example 4 4-[4-(3-Ienyl-propylamino)-cyclohexyloxy]-benzarnide (Figure Removed)Step 1 4K33-Dimefljyl-l-dioxa-spiro[55]undec-9-yloxy)-ben2onitrile (Figure Removed)Add dropwise a solution of 33-diinediyl-l>5-dioxa-spiro[55]undecan-9-ol> (NE4-A05445-029,1377 mg, 6.88 mmol) in DMF (2.0 mL) to a suspension of sodium hydride (412 mg, 10.32 mmol) in DMF (8.0 mL). Let the reaction mixture stir at room temperature for In, then heat while stirring at 50°C for 20 minutes (min). Add dropwise a solution of 4-fluoro-benzonitrile (1000 mg, 8.26 mmol) in DMF (4.2 mL). Continue the heating at 60°C and stirring for 2 hours (h). Concentrate the reaction mixture to remove DMF. Wash the residue with water (15 mL) and extract with EtOAc/hexanes (20 mL). Dry the organic layer over sodium sulfate, filter and concentrate. Purify the residue by flash chromatography (eluent CHaQa/hexanes 2/1) to give xxx mg (xx% yield) of the title compound. Step 2 4-(4-Oxo-cyckAcxyloxy)-benzonitri]e(Figure Removed) Combine hydrochloric acid (1 .OM aq., 20 mL) with a solution of in acetone (25 mL). Stir at room temperature for 2hours then at 40-50°C for Ih. Concentrate the reaction mixture. Partition the residue between EtOAc/hex (25 mL) and J^CO^ (aq. sat. 20 mL). Wash the organic layer with water, brine. Dry the organic layer over sodium sulfate, filter and concentrate. Triturate the residue with EtOAc/bexanes (1/4) to provide a white solid which is further purified by flash chromatography (EtOAc/Hexanes 1/4) to give mg (% yield) as a white solid. (Figure Removed)Combine 4-(4-oxo-cyck>bexyloxy>-benzonitrile previously obtained (100 mg, 0.464 mmol), K2C<>, (32 mg, 0.232 mmol) in DMSO (23 mL). Cool me reaction mixture to 0°C and add hydrogen peroxide (0.139 mL). Let stir the reaction mixture for 4h at room temperature. Quench the reaction mixture with water (15 mL). Extract with EtOAc/hex 2/1 (3x20 mL). Dried over sodium sulfate, filter and concentrate. Purify the residue by flash chromatography (20/1 CHzCla/ammonia in methanol 2.0M) to provide the title compound (40 mg, 37%). Combine 4-(4-oxo-cyclohexyloxy)-benzamide (20 mg, 0.085 mmol), 3-phenyl-propylamine (11 mg, 0.085 mmol), triacetoxyborohydride (23 mg, 0.111 mmol) and acetic acid (5 nL, 0.085 mmol) in CKhCb (1 mL). Let stir overnight. Purify by SCX • column (ammonia in methanoi 2.0M). Triturate the residue with EtOAc/hexanes 1/1 to provide a white powder (25 rag, 86%). (Figure Removed)ombine franj-4-amino-cyclohexanol (2.0 g, 17.4 mmol) in methanoi (75 mL) in a sealed tube men add benzaldehyde (1.E5 mL, 18.23 mmol). Heat me reaction mixture at 70°C while stirring for 2h. Then let the reaction cool down and add sodium borohydride (2.46 g, 65.1 mmol) in portions. Stir overnight Evaporate the solvent till 1/3 of the original volume. Partition the reaction mixture between EtOAc (50 mL) and water (40 mL). Reextract the aqueous layer with EtOAc (20 mL). Combine the organic layers and dry over sodium sulfate. Filter and concentrate to provide the title compound (3.5 g) that will be use directly in the next step. (Figure Removed)Add dropwise a solution of 4-benzylamino-cyclohexanol (675 mg, 3.28 mmol) in i DMF (2 mL) to a suspension of NaH (1% mg, 4.92 mmol) in DMF (3 mL). Stir at room temperature for 45 min then at 50°C for additional 40 min. Add a solution of 6-chloro-nicotinonitrile (500 mg, 3.61 mmol) in DMF (1.8 mL) dropwise and stir overnight at 60°C. Cool down the reaction mixture and evaporate the solvent Wash the residue with water (10) and extract with EtOAc/hex (2/1,15 mL). Combine the organic layers and dry over sodium sulfate. Filter and concentrate. Purify the resulting residue through an SCX column. Former purified by chromatography [CHaCfc/NHa (2.0M in methanol) 20/1] to provide the title compound (890 mg, 88%). Step 3 Add KgCQj (200 mg, 1.44 mmol) to a solution of 6-(4-benzylamino-cyclohexvk>xy>iucotmonitrile (890 mg. 2.89 romol) in DMSO (25 mL). Cool the reaction to 0°C and add hydrogen peroxide (0.87 mL). Stir the resulting reaction mixture at room temperature for 2h. Then quench the reaction mixture with water (25 mL) and extract with EtOAc (30 mL). Dried over sodium sulfate, filter and concentrate. Further purify the residue by SCX chromatography to provide the title compound (700 mg, 74%). Mass spectrum (ion spray): m/z = 326.0 (M+l); 'H NMR (CDC13): 8.61 (s, IH), 8.04 (m, IH), 7.36 (m, 5H), 6.74 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 5.10 (m, IH), 3.87 (s, 2H), 2.64 (m, IH), 2.22-2.07 (m, 4H), 1.58-1.33 (m, 4H). Example 6 6-(l-Pyridin-2-ylmethyl-piperidin-4-yloxy)-nicotinarhideStepl 4-(5-Cyano-pyridin-2-yloxy)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester(Figure Removed) Add dropwise a solution of 4-hydroxy-piperidine:l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (1210 mg, 6.01 mmol) in DMF (1.8 mL) to a suspension of NaH (360 mg, 9.02 mmol) in DMF (7.2 mL). Stir at room temperature for 45 min men at 50°C for additional 40 min. Add a sohitKHi of 6-chk>ro-nicotinonitrile (1000 mg. 7.22 mmol) in DMF (3.6 mL) dropwise and stir overnight at 60X1 Cool down the reaction mixture and evaporate the solvent. Wash the residue with water (10) and extract with EtOAc/hex (2/1, 15 mL). Combine the organic layers and dry over sodium sutfate. Filter and concentrate. Purify the resulting residue through an SCX column. Further purified by chromatography in memanol) 20/1] to provide the title compound (1.73 g, 94%). Step 2 4-(5-Carbamoyl-pyridin-2-yloxy)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-buty] ester (Figure Removed)Combine a solution of 4-(5-cyano-pyridin-2-yloxy)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (1630 mg, 5.38 mmol) in DMSO (50 mL) with potassium carbonate (371ing, 2.69 mmol). Cool the solution to 0*C and add slowly hydrogen peroxide (1.61 mL). After 10 niin, stir the reaction mixture at room temperature for 2h. Add water (25 mL) mA extract twice with C&JC^i (30 mL). Dry the organic layer over sodium sulfate, filter and concentrate to provide the title compound (1669 mg, 97%) as a white solid.Step 3 6-(Piperidin~4-yloxy)-nicotinamide hydrochloride(Figure Removed) Combine 4-(5-carbamoyl-pyridin-2-y]oxy)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (1559 mg, 4.85 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (25 mL) with hydrochloric acid (4.0 M in dioxane, 15 mL). Stir the resulting reaction mixture for 48h. Filter the white precipitate washing with EtOAc (10 mL). Redissorve the white solid in methanol and concentrate to provide the title compound (1195 mg, 89%). Step 4 Combine 6-(piperidin-4-yk>xy)-nicotinamide (100 mg, 0.45 mmol) with sodium triacetoxy-borohydride (124 mg, 039 mmol) and pyridine-2-carbakiebyde (43 pL, 045 mmol)inCH2Cl2(1.5mL). Stir the reaction mixture for 3h. Then, dilute the reaction mixture with CHiCfe (5 mL) and washed with NaOH (1M aq, 5 mL). Dry the organic layer over sodium sulfate, filter and concentrate. Purify the residue through an SCX chromatography to provide the title compound (83 mg, 59%). Mass spectrum (ion spray): m/z = 313.1 (M+l); 'H NMR (DMSO-dtf: 8.67 (ad, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.50 (m, 1H), 8.12 (dd, J-2.6 and 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.98 (bs, 1H), 7.80-7.76 (m, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (bs, 1H), 7.29-7.26 (m, 1H), 6.84 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 5.10 (m, 1H), 3.63 (m, 2H), 2.77-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.30 (m, 2H), 1.99 (bs, 2H), 1.75-1.69 (m, 2H). Example? 6-(l-Cyclopropybi)ethyl-piperidin-4-yloxy>-nicotinamide (Figure Removed)Using a method similar to example 6, gives the title compound (89 mg, 72%). Mass spectrum (ion spray): m/z = 276.1 (M+1); 'H NMR (DMSO-4*): 8.66 (m, IH), 8.12 (app. dd, J=2.2 and 8.3 Hz, IH), 7.97 (bs, IH), 7.40 (bs, IH), 6.84 (app. d, J=8.3Hz, IH), 5.08-5.03 (m, IH), 2.82 (bs,.2H), 2.52 (s, IH), 2.27-2.20 (m, 3H), 1.99 (m, 2H), 1.72 (m, 2H), 0.86-0.83 (m, IH), OJO-0.45 (m, 2H), 0.10-0.07 (m, 2H). Examples 6-[l^lH-Indol-2-yhnethyl>piperidin-4-yloxy]-nicotinamide (Figure Removed)Using a method similar to example 6, gives the title compound (110 mg, 70%). Mass spectrum (ion spray): m/z = 351.1 (M+1).Example 9 Benzyl-piperidin-4-yIoxy)-benzamideStepl 4-(4-Cyano-phenoxy>piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (Figure Removed)Add a solution of N-Boc-4-hydroxypiperidine (3.0 g, 14.9 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) to a suspension of sodium hydride (894 mg. 22.4 mmol)in DMF (17 mL). Stir the reaction mixture while beating at 50X1 for 45 min. Then add a solution of 4-fluoro-bcnzonitri)c(2.16g, 17.9mmoI)inDMF(5mL). Stir and beat at 5O"C for 2h. Let cool to room temperature and quench with water (0.5 mL). Evaporate DMF. Redtssolved die resulting residue in EtOAc/hexanes (2/1,20 mL) and wash with water (3x15 mL). Dry the organic layer over magnesium sulfate, filter and concentrate. Purify by chromatography (EtOAc/nexanes 20% and EtOAc/hexanes 10%) to yield the title compound (2.32 g, 52%).Step 2 I 4-{Piperidin-4-yk>xy)-benzonitrile bydrochloride(Figure Removed)Add dropwise acetyl chloride (2.5 mL) to methanol (5.0 mL) at 0°C. Stir the resulting solution at 0°C for 90 min. Then add a solution of 4-(4-cyano-phenoxy)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (284 mg, 0.94 mmol) in methanol. Stir the resulting mixture for 3h. Evaporate the solvent and triturate with diethyl ether to provide the title compound (216 mg, 96%). Step .3 -Benzyl-piperidin-4-yloxy)-benzonitrile (Figure Removed)Combine 4-{piperidin-4-yk>xy)-benzonitrile bydrochloride (64 mg, 0.268 mrnol), benzaldebyde (55 pL, 0336 mmol) and sodium triacetoxy borohydride (85 mg, 0.402 mmol) in CHzCfe (3 mL). Stir at room temperature overnight Mute the reaction mixture with CH2C12 (3 mL) and wash with NaOH (1M aq. 5 mL). Separate the organic layer and place it in an SCX column, eluting with ammonia (2.0M in methanol) to provide the title compound (74 mg, 95%). Step 4 Combine 4-(l-benzyl-piperidin-4-yloxy)-benzonitrile (74 mg, 0.25 mmol), DMSO (2.5 mL) and powdered potassium carbonate (18 mg, 0.13 mmol). Cool the resulting mixture to 0°C and add hydrogen peroxide (76 |iL). After addition, stir the mixture at room temperature for Ih. Quench the reaction mixture with water (2 mL). Filter the precipitate formed rinsing with diethyl ether to give the title compound (57 mg, 73%).Mass spectrum (ion spray): m/z = 311.1 (M+l); *H NMR (CDa3): 7.79 (ad, J = 8.6 Hz, 3H), 732-7.21 (m, 5H), 7.14 (bs, IH), 6.95 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.49-4.42 (m, IH), 3.31 , 2H), 2.69-2.62 (m, 2H), 2.27-2.19 (m, 2H), 1.96-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.66-1.56 (m, 2H). Example 10 4-[l -(3-Phenyl-propyl)-piperidin-4-yloxy]-benzamide(Figure Removed) Stepl 4-(4-Carbainoyl-phenoxy)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester(Figure Removed) Combine 4-(4-cyano-pbenoxy)-piperidine-l-carboxyl»c acid tert-butyl ester Example 9, step 1,215 mg, 0.71 mmoO and potassium carbonate (49 mg, 0.36 mmol) in DMSO (35 mL) at 0°C. Then add dropwise hydrogen peroxide (213 pL). Then stir at room temperature for Ih. Quench the reaction with water (10 mL) and extract with EtOAc/hexanes (2/1,3x20 mL). Combine the organic layers, dry over magnesium sulfate, filter and concentrate to give the title compound.(Figure Removed)Add hydrochloric acid (4M in dioxane, 3 mL) dropwise to a solution of 4-(4-cart>anx>y]-phenoxy)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (228 mg, 0.711 mmol) in THE (2 mL). Stir at room temperature for 7 hours (h). Filter the solids and dry under reduced pressure to give the title compound (180 mg, 99%) as hydrochloride. i Steps Combine 4-(piperidin-4~yloxy)-benzamide hydrochloride (102 mg, 0.397 mmol), 3-phenyl-propionaldehyde (106 pL» 0.796 mmol) and triacetoxy-borohydride (127 mg, 0.597 mmol) in CHzCk (3 mL). Stir the reaction mixture at room temperature overnight. Dilute the reaction mixture with CHzCb (3 mL) and wash with sodium hydroxide (IN, aq. 5mL). Separate the organic layer and placed onto an SCX column directly ehiting with ammonia (2.0 in methane^). The resulting residue was triturated with CH^Cfe and dietbyl ether to provide the title compound (63 mg, 47%) as a white solid, mass spectrum (ion spray): rate = 339.1 (M+lfc *H NMR (CDCh): 7.79 (ad, J = 9.0 Hz, 3H), 7.28-7.12 (m, 6H), 6.95 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 4.74-4.40 (m, IH), 2.70-2.63 (bm, 2H), 2.56 (t, J = 7.6 Hz. 2H), 2.31-2.25 (bm, 2H), 2.22-2.15 (bm, 2H), 1.96-1.89 (bm, 2H), 1.71 (pentet, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.63-1.56 (m, 2H). We claim: 1. A compound of formula (I)(Figure Removed)wherein ring B is phenyl or pyridyl; X is NH or CH2, so that ring A is cyclohexyl or piperidinyl; EisO; vis 0,1,2, or 3; q is 0 or 1, provided mat when the A-ring is cyclohexyl q is 1 and provided that v and q are not simultaneously 0; and wherein n is 1, 2, or 3. R1 and R2 are independently selected from R3 and R3 are each independently selected from hydrogen, C1C8 alkyl, C2-C8 alkenyl, C2-C8 alkynyl, aryl, -C1-C8 aikylcycloalkyi, or -C1-C8 alkylaryl; C1-C8 alkylheterocyclic; or R3 and R3 combine to form a C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C4-C8 cycloalkenyl, or C5-C10 heterocyclic; y is 0; and z is 0; R6 and R7 are each hydrogen; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, enantiomer, racemate, diastereomer or mixture of diastereomers thereof; provided that the compound is other than 4-[(l- benzylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]benzamide. 2. The compound according to claim 1 wherein the A-ring is cyclohexyl. 3. A compound according to Claim 1 wherein the A-ring is piperidinyl. 4. A compound selected from the group consisting of: 6-{4-{2-cyclohexyIoxy]-nicotinamide, NT 6-[4-(2-Thiophen-2-yl-ethylamino)-cyclohexyloxy]-nicotinamide 4-{4-(3-Phenyl-pn)pylamino)-cyclohexyk)xy]-benzamide(Figure Removed)Tranj-6-(4-Benzylaminocyclohexyloxy)-nicotinamide, (Figure Removed)6-(1 -Pyridin-2-y lmethyl-piperidin-4-yloxy)-nicotinamide(Figure Removed)6-(l -Cyckopropybnethyl-piperidin-4-yloxy)-nictinainide(Figure Removed)6-[1 -{1 H-Indol-2-ylmethyl)-piperidin-4-yloxy]-nicotinamide 4-{ 1 -{3-Pheny l-propy l)-piperidin-4-yk)xy]-benzamide (Figure Removed)and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, enantiomer, diastereomer or a diastereomeric mixture thereof. 5. A compound according to Claim 1 wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is the hydrochloric acid salt, the methanesulfonic acid salt, hydrobromide salt, the bisulfate salt or tartaric acid salt. 6. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutical ly effective amount of a compound according to Claim 1 in association with a carrier, diluent and/or excipient. 7. Use of a compound of Claim 1 in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of obesity. 8. Use of a compound of Claim 1 in the manufacture of a medicament for suppressing appetite. 9. A compound of formula (I) and/or a pharmaceutical composition and/or use of a compound substantially as herein described with reference to the given examples.