Technical field
[0001]
　The present invention, for recording a phase component of the computed by a computer spatial information, for example, an optical film and the display body is applied to the hologram.
BACKGROUND
[0002]
　Recently, as an optical film is controlled based on the interference of the computed light by the computer, the following prior art documents relating to computer-generated holograms and the like.
[0003]
　Examples of prior art documents are those used securities, in the card medium and personal authentication medium. For example, Non-Patent Document 1, a technique for calculating the interference effect of light by computer is disclosed.
[0004]
　Information of the interference fringes is information of the amplitude intensity of the light, in the case of recording the amplitude intensity of the light on the optical film, depending on the method of recording, there is a possibility that dropping the intensity of light during reproduction. In Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, the reference light and object light, the intensity of the interference wave of light is calculated, it is disclosed to produce interference fringes.
CITATION
Patent Document
[0005]
Patent Document 1: Patent No. 4256372 Patent specification
Patent Document 2: Patent No. 3810934
Non-patent literature
[0006]
Non-Patent Document 1: Toshi Kubota al., "Holography Introduction" Asakura Shoten
Disclosure of the Invention
[0007]
　However, this method is a calculation method reference light is a prerequisite, in case of reproducing the object beam, becomes necessary reference light information defining when calculating. In other words, only when illuminating the optical film under the same conditions as information at the time of recording reference light, a reproduced image is reproduced under the same conditions as during recording. Accordingly, the reproduced image has a problem that obtained only under a condition that is limited to the conditions of the recording time of the reference beam.
[0008]
　Further, the computer-generated hologram, conventionally, reduction and computation time, picture making or, although a method to solve individual problems such combinations, with other optical films is, suitable to solve them simultaneously technologies It has not been realized so far.
[0009]
　The present invention has been made in view of such a background, to play reproduced image without using the conditions of the recording time of the reference light, an optical film for recording a phase component of the computed by a computer spatial information Another object of the invention is to provide a display body optical film is adhered.
[0010]
　To achieve the above object, the present invention takes the following.
[0011]
　The invention according to claim 1, in an optical film having a recording surface, the recording surface, the phase component of the light from the reproducing point of the reproduced image is calculated, corresponding calculated element blocks on a one-to-one to each reproduction point When a phase angle recording area phase angle calculated based on the phase component is recorded, and a phase angle non-recording area where the phase angle is not recorded, overlapping areas and calculating element blocks and phase angle recording regions overlap in records the phase angle calculated based on the phase component.
[0012]
　According to a second aspect of the invention, the optical film of the invention of claim 1, the phase component of light is calculated for each unit block from the reproduction point, a phase angle calculated based on the phase component, the phase angle recording area record for each unit block in.
[0013]
　The invention according to claim 3, in the optical film of the invention of claim 2, computing element blocks is defined by the viewing angle theta of the following formula,
　　　theta <(A / m),
where, (λ / 2d) ≦ If it is 1, a a = asin (λ / 2d) , λ is the wavelength of light, d is the arrangement interval in the viewing angle direction of the unit block, m is 3 or more real.
[0014]
　A fourth aspect of the present invention, the optical film of the invention of claim 2, the phase angle, the phase components are calculated according to the following equation,
[0015]
[Equation 1]

where, W (kx, ky) is the phase component, n represents the number of reproduction point (n = 0 ~ Nmax), amp is the light of the reproducing point amplitude, i is the imaginary, lambda at the time of reproducing the wavelength of light, O n (x, y, z) is the reproduction point coordinates, (kx, ky, 0) coordinates of the unit block, phi is the phase angle, Xmin, Xmax, Ymin, Ymax is calculated element block a coordinates defining the range of different for each reproduction point.
[0016]
　The invention of claim 5 is an optical film of the invention of any one of claims 1 to 4, the phase angle recording area, recording the machine readable code.
[0017]
　The invention of claim 6 is the optical film of the invention of any one of claims 1 to 5, the non-recording area phase angle is a mirror surface.
[0018]
　According to a seventh aspect of the invention, the optical film of the invention of any one of claims 1 to 6, the phase angle non-recording area to record information other than the phase angle.
[0019]
　The invention of claim 8 is an optical film of the invention of claim 7, information other than the phase angle, light scattering, reflection, and is information including at least one of the diffraction characteristics.
[0020]
　Plurality invention of claim 9, which forms the optical film of the invention of any one of claims 1 to 8, as a stripe shape is formed by a plurality of phase angle recording area forming a rectangular shape, a strip shape the phase angle recording area is periodically arranged on the recording surface.
[0021]
　Plurality invention of claim 10, which forms the optical film of the invention of any one of claims 1 to 9, as a lattice shape is formed by a plurality of phase angle recording area having a rectangular shape, a rectangular shape the phase angle recording area, periodically two-dimensionally arranged.
[0022]
　The invention of claim 11 is an optical film of the invention of any one of claims 1 to 10, the phase angle recording area is in the form of a figure representing the characters or figures.
[0023]
　The invention of claim 12 is an optical film of the invention of claim 11, utilizing a graphic, as personal authentication information.
[0024]
　The invention of claim 13 is an optical film of the invention of any one of claims 1 to 12, a plurality of computational elements compartment, do not overlap with the phase angle recording area.
[0025]
　The invention of claim 14 is an optical film of the invention of any one of claims 1 to 13, a plurality of reproducing point exists on the recording surface parallel to the same plane.
[0026]
　The invention of claim 15 is an optical film of the invention of claim 13 or 14, each of a plurality of computational element blocks which do not overlap, is colored with different colors.
[0027]
　The invention of claim 16 is an optical film of the invention of any one of claims 1 to 15, the phase angle, as the height of the unit block of the recording surface, for recording in the overlapping area.
[0028]
　The invention of claim 17 is an optical film of the invention of any one of claims 1 to 15, depending on the phase angle, the voids obtained by modulating the void volume of the recording surface, the corresponding unit block in the overlap region by embedding in, record the phase angle in the overlapping area.
[0029]
　The invention of claim 18, the optical film of the invention of any one of claims 1 to 17, a display body comprising affixed to the object.
[0030]
　The invention of claim 19 is a display of the invention of claim 18, on the recording surface of the optical film, a transparent reflective layer.
[0031]
　The invention of claim 20 is a display of the invention of claim 18 or 19, the object has a function layer.
[0032]
　The invention of claim 21 is a display of the invention of claim 20, the functional layer is a print layer.
[0033]
　The invention of claim 22 is a display of the invention of claim 20 or 21, the functional layer, recording the machine readable code.
[0034]
　According to the optical film of the invention of claim 1, by providing a computational element blocks, and reduce the computation time by a computer, reducing the noise of the spatial information, it becomes possible to obtain a clear hologram.
[0035]
　This calculation particular, the amplitude information of light as it computes only the phase angle. Therefore, only the phase component of the light is modulated, the amplitude of the light is not modulated theoretically. Therefore, without changing the brightness, it becomes possible to control the light while maintaining high luminance.
[0036]
　Further, a phase angle recording area for recording a phase angle, by providing separately the phase angle non-recording area where the phase angle is not recorded, it is possible to further shorten the calculation time by a computer. In addition, it is possible to control the ratio of the light impinging on the optical film.
[0037]
　Furthermore, the brightness of the reproduced image is reproduced at the reproduction point, relative to the case without the phase angle non-recording area, darken only (phase angle recording area) / (phase angle recording area + phase angle non-recording area) can do. This makes it possible to control the brightness of light.
[0038]
　The phase angle recording area only when light is irradiated, it is possible to reproduce a hologram playback point. That is, the larger the phase angle recording area, it is possible to reproduce a bright reconstructed image, smaller, it is possible not only can play a dark reproduced image.
[0039]
　According to the optical film of the invention of claim 2, the phase component of light is calculated for each unit block from the reproduction point, a phase angle calculated based on the phase component for each unit block in the phase angle recording area it can be recorded.
[0040]
　According to the optical film of the invention of claim 3, it is possible to specifically define the computational element blocks on the basis of the viewing angle theta.
[0041]
　According to the optical film of the invention of claim 4, it is possible to calculate the phase angle based on the phase component.
[0042]
　According to the optical film of the invention of claim 5, the phase angle recording area can be recorded machine readable code.
[0043]
　According to the optical film of the invention of claim 6, it is possible to make the phase angle non-recording region and mirror.
[0044]
　According to the optical film of the invention of claim 7, the phase angle non-recording area, by recording information other than the phase angle, the phase angle non-recording region, it is possible to control the non-phase component of the optical Become.
[0045]
　According to the optical film of the invention of claim 8, the information other than the phase angle for recording the phase angle non-recording area, light scattering, reflection, and by at least one of the diffraction characteristics, different light and controls the various light using the effect, it is possible to realize a complex visual effect.
[0046]
　According to the optical film of the invention of claim 9, it is possible to shorten the calculation time, in particular, by the direction of the stripe and the vertical direction, is possible not to affect the effect of the horizontal direction of the light It can become. Similarly, by the direction of the stripe and the horizontal direction, it is possible not to affect the effect of the vertical direction of the light.
[0047]
　According to the optical film of the invention of claim 10, it is possible to control each of the effect of light to be given to horizontal and vertical directions.
[0048]
　According to the optical film of the invention of claim 11, the phase angle recording area, by the shape of a figure representing a character or a picture, it is possible to provide a three-dimensional dynamic effect on the characters or figures.
[0049]
　According to the optical film of the invention of claim 12, the shape, it is possible to use as a personal authentication information.
[0050]
　According to the optical film of the invention of claim 13, computing element compartments, does not overlap with the phase angle recording area, it is possible to increase the maximum contrast of the reproduced image in the reproduction point.
[0051]
　According to the optical film of the invention of claim 14, by equalizing the plurality of reproduction point recording surface distance between the (XY plane) (Z-direction), by calculating the phase angle for one reproduction point, the calculation the replication of results, to be diverted to the calculation result of the phase angle of the other reproduction point, it is possible to shorten the calculation time.
[0052]
　According to the optical film of the invention of claim 15, to print a different color for each calculation element block by composite, it is possible to reproduce the reproduction image in different colors for each reproduction point.
[0053]
　According to the optical film of the invention of claim 16 and claim 17, it is possible to reproduce the reproduction image in the reproduction point.
[0054]
　According to the display of the invention of claim 18, it is possible to use the display body one of the optical film of claim 1 to 17.
[0055]
　According to the display of the invention of claim 19, on the recording surface of the optical film can have a transparent reflective layer.
[0056]
　According to the display of the invention of claim 20, it can be the object has a function layer.
[0057]
　According to the display of the invention of claim 21 can be a functional layer and the print layer.
[0058]
　According to the display of the invention of claim 22, the functional layer, it is possible to record machine-readable code.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0059]
[1] Figure 1 is a schematic view for explaining the optical film according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the viewing angle.
FIG. 3 is an example in which the phase angle recording region periodically arranged on the recording surface so as to form a stripe shape.
[4] FIG. 4 is an example of periodically arranged phase angle recording area two-dimensionally on the recording surface so as to form a lattice shape.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example in which the phase angle recording area so as to form the shape.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a calculation element blocks defined by reproduction point.
[7] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a calculation element blocks when a plurality of computational element blocks overlap.
[8] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a calculation element blocks when a plurality of computational element blocks do not overlap.
[9] FIG. 9 is a SEM image showing an example of a unit block the phase angle was recorded.
[10] FIG 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of using the reproduction image in the personal authentication information.
[11] FIG 11 is a diagram illustrating a plurality of reproducing point distance is equal to the recording surface.
[12] FIG 12 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an optical film including a unit block irregularities corresponding to the phase angle has been formed.
[13] FIG 13 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an optical film including a unit block irregularities corresponding to the phase angle is formed (when provided with substrate, the release layer, and an adhesive layer).
[14] FIG 14 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display comprising a unit block irregularities corresponding to the phase angle is formed (when it is transferred to the object).
[15] FIG 15 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display comprising a unit block irregularities corresponding to the phase angle is formed (when it is transferred to the object together with the substrate).
[16] FIG 16 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display comprising a unit block irregularities corresponding to the phase angle is formed (when the object has a functional layer).
[17] FIG 17 is a cross-sectional view of the display as specified and phase angle recording region and the phase angle non-recording area in FIG. 16 (b).
[18] FIG 18 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display comprising a unit block irregularities corresponding to the phase angle is formed (when the functional layer is on the entire surface).
[19] FIG 19 is a plan view and a sectional view showing an example of an optical film of a combination of a picture and the reproduction point.
FIG. 20 is (when recording the machine readable code in the functional layer) is a plan view and a sectional view showing an example of an optical film of a combination of a reproduction point as machine-readable code.
FIG. 21 is (when configuring the encoding machine-readable by the reproducing point) is a plan view and a sectional view showing an example of an optical film of a combination of a reproduction point as machine-readable code.
[22] FIG 22 is a plan view showing an example of data recorded in the phase angle recording area on which a pattern is drawn for reproducing the reproduced image.
[23] FIG 23 is a plan view showing an example of the optical film pattern with a fluorescent paint are combined.
FIG. 24 is an illumination light source is a perspective view showing the shape of the relationship between the point light source.
[25] FIG 25 is a cross-sectional view of a substrate showing a state in which voids are embedded.
FIG. 26 is a bitmap image illustrating the result of the pattern to reproduce the holographic image representing the phase angle of the drawing phase angle recording area reproduced image by shading.
[27] Figure 27 (when light devoted) is a bitmap image illustrating the simulation result of the reproduction image to be reproduced in a playback point.
FIG. 28 is a diagram that lists the conditions of each case in FIGS. 26 and 27.
[29] FIG 29 is a diagram showing an example of arrangement of reproduction points that are considered in each case in FIGS. 26 and 27.
FIG. 30 is a diagram showing the three cases of shape patterns considered to show the effect of shortening the calculation time.
[31] FIG. 31 is a diagram that lists three cases of conditions.
FIG. 32 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view showing an example of the optical film characters phase angle non-recording area is printed.
FIG. 33 is a diagram showing an example of an optical film is a diffraction grating with the phase angle non-recording regions interleaved.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0060]
　Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the components that achieve the same or similar functions are denoted by the same reference numerals throughout the drawings, without redundant description.
[0061]
　(First Embodiment)　
　FIG. 1 is a schematic view for explaining the optical film according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
[0062]
　The optical film 10 according to the embodiment has a recording surface 14. Recording surface 14 is provided on the surface of the substrate 11.
[0063]
　Recording surface 14 has a phase angle recording area 18, and a phase angle non-recording region 20. The recording surface 14, a region other than the phase angle recording region 18, a phase angle non-recording region 20. Phase angle non-recording region 20, in one example, is a mirror surface.
[0064]
　Figure 2 is a view for explaining the viewing angle θ in the case where the viewing angle direction is X direction.
[0065]
　On the recording surface 14, depending on the viewing angle θ from each reproduction point 22 reproduced image is reproduced, calculated element block 16 are defined, respectively. Thus, the computational element compartments 16, since it is defined independently of the phase angle recording area 18 and the phase angle non-recording region 20, usually, individually and phase angle recording area 18 and the phase angle non-recording area 20 overlap.
[0066]
　The reproduction point 22 there are a plurality. Thus, the computational element compartments 16, corresponding to each of a plurality of reproduction point 22, there same number as the reproduction point 22.
[0067]
　The reproduction point 22 are spaced apart. Distance from the recording surface 14 of the reproducing point 22, 5 mm or more, preferably be played 25mm or less. The reproduction point 22, there are a case that is played on the viewer side from the recording surface 14, and when it is played on the side opposite to the observer of the recording surface 14. In either case, the distance from the recording surface 14 of the reproducing point 22 can be defined similarly.
[0068]
　Viewing angle from the reproduction point 22 theta is defined by the following equation (1).　
　　　θ <(A / m) ····　 (1)
where, (λ / 2d) if a ≦ 1, A = asin (λ / 2d), λ is the wavelength of light, d is the field of view of the unit block 12 arrangement interval in the angular direction, m is 3 or more real. Arrangement interval may be a distance between the centers of the unit block 12.
[0069]
　In Figure 2, computing element blocks 16 defined by one reproduction point 22 is illustrated. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the viewing angle theta, is determined by the scope of the X-direction when viewed recording surface 14 from a reproduction point 22 focused to a minimum value Xmin in the X direction, the reproducing point 22 focused to , the half of the angle 2θ forming at the maximum value Xmax of the X-direction. Incidentally, the X-direction, Y-direction, respectively, corresponding right in the X direction of the recording surface 14, the upper X axis of the Euclidean coordinates and Y-direction, the Y axis in the drawing.
[0070]
　Incidentally, it defined the viewing angle direction in the same viewing angle θ in the case where the Y-direction. That is, the viewing angle theta, is determined by the scope of the Y-direction when viewed recording surface 14 from a reproduction point 22 focused to a minimum value Ymin in the Y direction, the reproducing point 22 focused to the maximum value of the Y-direction Ymax the half of the angle 2θ, which forms in the. Therefore, arrangement intervals d of the unit block 12, the viewing angle direction in the case of X-direction, arrangement intervals d in the X direction of the unit blocks 12 x if equivalent to the viewing angle direction is the Y direction, arrangement interval d in the Y direction of the unit block 12 Y corresponds to.
[0071]
　Therefore, calculation element blocks 16 is generally a square or rectangular. However, the computational element blocks 16, polygon other than a rectangle, or a circle or an ellipse. The polygonal, in particular square, in addition to the rectangle, suitable hexagonal. If the calculated element block 16 is other than square or rectangular, Xmax minimum value of the X-direction calculation element blocks 16 (lower limit), Xmin, the maximum value of the X-direction calculation element blocks 16 (upper limit value) to. Similarly, the minimum value of the Y direction calculated element blocks 16 Ymin, and the maximum value Ymax of the Y direction calculated element block 16.
[0072]
　Shape of the unit block 12, if a square or rectangular, in fact, becomes a rounded rectangle corners of a square or rectangular with rounded. The unit block 12 may be fused to unit block 12 adjacent. In this case, the shape of the unit block 12, even rounded square, the shape of the unit block 12 is fused, not the rounded square, but deformed, the optical be modified by fusion effect does not change. Unit block 12 is preferably being orderly arranged. The orderly array may be an array, equally spaced sequence at intervals of a predetermined range. Typical orderly sequence, a square array or a hexagonal array.
[0073]
　Viewing angle θ, as can be seen from equation (1) is less than A. Light passes through the phase component, when being diffracted, no diffraction beyond the theoretical A. Therefore, when performing hologram calculation using a computer, the calculation range may be limited to viewing angle θ as an upper limit. Thus, limiting the calculation range would reduce computation time. Also, even if were calculated for a range exceeding the viewing angle theta, since only the calculation of the diffraction absence theoretically, the results do not contribute only as noise. However, in the present embodiment does not perform the calculation of the range exceeding the viewing angle theta, noise during reproduction of the reproduced image on the reproduction point 22 is not superimposed.
[0074]
　Each also phase angles recording area 18 phase angle non-recording area 20 also includes a plurality of unit blocks 12. Of the phase angle recording area 18, as a target unit block 12 included in the (later-described as "overlap area") overlapped with computation element blocks 16 region, by computer, the phase angle is calculated based on the phase component, calculated phase angle, is recorded in the unit block 12 corresponding included in the overlaid region. The details of the calculation of the phase angle based on the phase component will be described later.
[0075]
　On the other hand, the phase angle non-recording region 20, even when the even overlap with the calculated element block 16, the computer calculations, but should phase angle non-recording region 20, the phase angle is not recorded. Instead, the phase angle non-recording area 20, for example light scattering, reflection, and so information about the diffraction characteristics, information other than the phase angle is recorded.
[0076]
　Phase angle recording area 18, as illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 5, may be more disposed on the recording surface 14. In these FIGS. 3 to 5, the phase angle non-recording area 20, but not only one is illustrated, the phase angle non-recording area 20 also, there is a case where there are a plurality on the recording surface 14.
[0077]
　3, a plurality of phase angle recording area 18 forming a strip shape so as to form a stripe shape, shows an example of periodically arranged on the recording surface 14.
[0078]
　4, a plurality of phase angle recording area 18 having a rectangular shape, so as to form a lattice shape, shows an example of periodically arranged two-dimensionally on the recording surface 14.
[0079]
　5, so as to form a graphic 17 shapes representing characters or figures shows an example in which the phase angle recording area 18.
[0080]
　Next, done by computer, will be described calculation of the phase angle based on the phase component.
[0081]
　The phase angle phi, the phase component W (x, y), according to the (2) and (3) below, is calculated by a computer.
[0082]
[Equation 2]

where, W (kx, ky) phase component, n represents the number (n = 0 ~ Nmax) of the reproduction point 22, # 038 is the amplitude of the light of the reproduction points, i is the imaginary, lambda playback point 22 wavelength of light in reproducing holograms, O n (x, y, z) coordinates of the reproduction point 22, (Kx, Ky, 0 ) coordinates of the unit block 12, phi is the phase angle, Xmin, xmax, Ymin, Ymax is a coordinates defining the range of computational element blocks 16 different for each reproduction point.
[0083]
　amp is generally the amplitude of the optical reproduction point 22, depending on the viewing angle theta, than the amplitude value of the light, and a large value, good as a small value. Generally, # 038 is greater than 0, it may be 1 or less. amp, for example, when the viewing angle θ is close to vertical (0 °) is to a large value (e.g., 1), when the viewing angle θ is far from vertical (0 °), a small value (e.g., 0. 5) and may be. amp may be a dither processing in accordance with the viewing angle θ. By doing so, the reproduction point 22 is observed from obliquely, vertically, reproducing point 22 to be observed becomes more vivid.
[0084]
　First, computer, as illustrated in FIG. 7, for example, a calculation element blocks 16 (#A) defined by one reproduction point 22 (#a), the phase angle recording area 18 (# 1) and overlap area in a overlap region 19 (# 1), and a calculation element blocks 16 (#A), the phase angle recording area 18 (# 2) is a region where a portion overlapping the overlapping area 19 (# 2-1) as the target unit block 12 included, calculates the phase component W of the light from the reproducing point 22 (#a) (x, y).
[0085]
　Reproduction point 22, one or more presence. Thus, the computational element section 16, a one-to-one correspondence to each of the one or more reproduction point 22, there same number as the one or more reproduction point 22.
[0086]
　Reproduction point 22, if there exist a plurality of computers further comprises a calculation element blocks 16 (#B) which is determined for example by another playback point 22 (#b) as illustrated in Figure 7, the phase angle recording area 18 the unit block 12 as an object to be included in (# 2) and is a region that overlaps overlapping area 19 (# 2), calculates the phase component W of the light from the reproducing point 22 (#b) (x, y) .
[0087]
　As illustrated in FIG. 7, two computational element blocks 16 (#A), if the 16 (#B) overlap calculates the sum of the phase components W (x, y).
[0088]
　Computer further based on the calculated phase component W (x, y), to calculate the phase angle phi, the calculated numerical information of the phase angle phi, is recorded in the corresponding overlap region 19.
[0089]
　Incidentally, when the number of times of recording the numerical information to the unit block 12 increases, also increases the amount of information along with it, the calculation time also increases. When the amount of information is too large, also causes the contrast of the reproduced image is reproduced at the reproduction point 22 falls. Thus, for example, as in the overlap region 19 (# 2-1), a plurality of reproducing point 22 (# a, # b) the phase angle recording region 18 is overlapped portion, in order to obtain a clearer reconstructed image , small amount of overlap, it is preferable that fewer overlapping.
[0090]
　Therefore, if the calculation element block 16 there are a plurality on the recording surface 14, a plurality of computational element blocks 16, it is ideal not overlap at least the phase angle recording area 18. This will be described with reference to FIG.
[0091]
　8, two computational element blocks 16 (#A), 16 (#B) is a conceptual diagram exemplifying a state that does not overlap. For example, by disposing the computational element blocks 16 in this manner, a plurality of computational element blocks 16, never overlapping in phase angle recording area 18. This eliminates the overlapping computation element block 16 on the recording surface 14, it is possible to maximize the contrast of the reproduced image. Further, by eliminating the overlap of computational element blocks 16, colored a different color for each computation element section 16 by the composite, it is also possible to reproduce the reproduction image in different colors for each reproduction point 22. By modulating the amplitude amp photocurrent playback point for each computation element section 16, it is also possible to increase the contrast of the reproduced image. However, in order to arrange so as to eliminate the overlap of computational element blocks 16, it should also mentions that may be limited number of reproduction point 22.
[0092]
　Next, the operation of the optical film 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention configured as described above.
[0093]
　First, an optical film 10 according to the present embodiment as an object, when the hologram calculated using a computer is performed, the upper limit of the viewing angle θ from the reproducing point 22 is defined. Furthermore, the phase angle recording area 18 is provided on the recording surface 14. Regions other than phase angle recording area 18 on the recording surface 14, a phase angle non-recording region 20.
[0094]
　Then, the calculated element blocks 16 defined by the viewing angle theta, relative to the unit block 12 in the overlap region 19 is a region where the phase angle recording area 18 overlap, the phase component W (x, y) is calculated, phase component W (x, y) a phase angle φ is calculated from. As described above, the predetermined upper limit of the viewing angle θ is, the phase angle φ is limited region is also calculated in the overlaid region 19, computation time is reduced. Then, calculated phase angle φ is recorded in the unit block 12 corresponding to the overlapping region 19. Figure 9 is a SEM image showing an example of the unit block 12 where the phase angle φ is recorded. Unit block 12 shown in Figure 9, has a square with a side length of a d, are two-dimensionally arranged at arrangement intervals d in both the X and Y directions.
[0095]
　Thus, the reproduction point 22, reproduced image only when light strikes the phase angle recording area 18 is to be reproduced. Thus, by controlling the way of lighting, it is possible to switch the reproduction in reproduction point 22. Moreover, in the present embodiment, the amplitude information of light as it only phase angle φ are calculated. That is, the phase component of the light W (x, y) only is modulated, the amplitude of the light is not modulated theoretically. Therefore, without changing the brightness, it becomes possible to control the light while maintaining high luminance.
[0096]
　Further is defined the upper limit of the viewing angle θ is, by this, since no longer made calculation contribute range as noise, superposition of noise during reproduction of the reproduction image on the reproduction point 22 are avoided, and more clear reproduced image can be obtained.
[0097]
　Furthermore, by changing the occupancy of the phase angle recording area 18 on the recording surface 14, it is also possible to control the brightness of the reproduced image. That is, the brightness when the reproduced image of the hologram is reproduced at the reproduction point 22, relative to the case without the phase angle non-recording area 20, (phase angle recording area) / (phase angle recording area + phase angle non can be darkened recording area) only. This makes it possible to control the brightness of light. The phase angle recording area 18 only when light is irradiated, since the reproduced image is reproduced in the reproduction point 22, the larger the phase angle recording area 18, it is possible to reproduce a bright reconstructed image, smaller, only dark reproduced image will not be played.
[0098]
　However, the larger the total size of the phase angle recording area 18 on the recording surface 14, an increase in the calculation amount by the computer, the smaller amount of calculation is fewer. Thus, the brightness of the reproduced image, the calculation amount by the computer, since there is a trade-off, the total size of the size of the phase angle recording area 18 on the recording surface 14 is optimally selected according to the design conditions before the process is started.
[0099]
　In the present embodiment, as an arrangement example of the phase angle recording area 18, FIGS. 3 to 5 were shown.
[0100]
　As shown in FIG. 3, the case where the stripe phase angle recording area 18 extending in the vertical direction, it is possible to reproduce the reproduction image in the reproduction point 22 without affecting the effect of the stripe direction of the light. That is, the reproduced image is reproduced in the reproducing point 22, stripe direction (in this case, the vertical direction) when viewed from can be seen as a continuous image. On the other hand, the direction (in this case, the left-right direction) perpendicular to the stripe direction when viewed from the width of the stripe is greater than the human eye resolution, seen as discontinuous image. However, even in this case, the width of the stripe, if less than human eye resolution, it is impossible to identify whether or not stripe to look there, as can be seen as a continuous image since, without affecting the human eye, it is possible to reduce only the calculation time.
[0101]
　Note that the stripe shape is not to be limited to the vertical direction as illustrated in FIG. 3, also in the lateral direction, it is possible to reproduce the reproduction image in the reproduction point 22 without problems in the oblique direction. Even stripe direction is a horizontal direction or an oblique direction, as described above, when viewed from the stripe direction, it can be seen as a continuous image, when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the stripe direction of the stripe width is greater than the human eye resolution is, as you can see discrete image, when the width of the stripe is less than the human eye resolution, can be viewed as a continuous image.
[0102]
　As shown in FIG. 4, the shape of the phase angle recording area 18, when the rectangular shape, not only it becomes possible to shorten the calculation time, further reproduction point while controlling the effect of the light in the vertical and horizontal it is also possible to reproduce the reproduced image at 22. That is, according to the configuration shown in FIG. 4, for 3, the effect when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the stripe direction is, for the X-direction, so that also obtained for the Y direction. In other words, even when viewed from the X direction but also when viewed from the Y direction, when the width of the stripe is greater than the human eye resolution, it can be viewed as a discrete image, the width of the stripe of the human is smaller than the eye resolution, it can be viewed as a continuous image.
[0103]
　The phase angle recording area 18 as shown in FIG. 5, by forming the shapes 17 that are meaningful to the shape itself, to have a meaningful playback image to be reproduced in the reproduction point 22, to provide a three-dimensional dynamic effects since it is, for example, it is possible to use as a personal authentication information.
[0104]
　Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of using the reproduced reproduction image, the personal authentication information.
[0105]
　The shape of figure 17 with a meaning in the phase angle recording area 18 (e.g., the name and the individual using a face photograph, etc.) previously formed a. To be precise, the dotted line portion in the figure 17 corresponds to the phase angle recording area 18, the eyes and mouth part of the mark in figure 17, corresponding to the phase angle non-recording region 20. Then, accordingly, in the reproduction point 22 in the personal authentication medium 31 of identification or the like, a reproduced image corresponding to the figure 17 it is reproduced. This reproduced image is assumed visible. This reproduced image, not picture only, it is also possible to reproduce the character.
[0106]
　On the other hand, in this embodiment, the phase angle non-recording area 20, information other than the phase angle φ can be recorded. The information other than the phase angle phi, for example, light scattering, reflection, and is at least one of diffractive properties, Thus, by adding the effect of different light, a variety of non-phase component of the optical and controls the types of light, it is possible to realize a complex visual effect.
[0107]
　Further, in the present embodiment, as illustrated in Figure 7, a plurality of computational element blocks 16 (e.g., computational element blocks 16 (#A), 16 (#B)) are in the same phase angle recording area 18 It does not exclude some cases overlap. However, as illustrated in Figure 8, a plurality of computational element blocks 16 (e.g., computational element blocks 16 (#A), 16 (#B)) If overlap, when reproducing the hologram in the playback point 22 in, it is possible to enhance the maximum contrast of the reproduced image.
[0108]
　Further, in the present embodiment, as illustrated in FIGS. 6 to 8, the distance to the recording surface (XY plane) (Z direction) different reproduction point 22 (e.g., reproducing point 22 (#a), It does not exclude the presence of 22 (#b)). However, as illustrated in Figure 11, the recording surface 14 distance to (XY plane) (Z-direction) is equal to a plurality of reproducing point 22 (e.g., reproducing point 22 (#c), 22 (#d)) and by having these reproducing point 22 (e.g., reproducing point 22 (#c), 22 (#d)) for, can be equal to the phase angle phi. Thereby, one reproduction point 22 (e.g., reproducing point 22 (#c)) by performing the calculation of the phase angle φ for the replication of the calculation result, another playback point 22 (e.g., reproducing point 22 (#d )) to be diverted in the calculation of the phase angle φ for, it becomes possible to shorten the calculation time.
[0109]
　Further, according to the optical film 10 according to the present embodiment, for each of a plurality of computational element blocks 16, colored a different color, respectively, by a composite, to reproduce the reproduction image in different colors for each reproduction point 22 it is possible.
[0110]
　(Second Embodiment)　
　In the first embodiment, the unit block 12 in the overlap region 19 has been described to record the numerical information of the corresponding phase angle phi. In the optical film 10 according to the present embodiment, the unit block 12 in the overlap region 19, instead of recording the numerical information of the phase angle phi, computer, the phase angle phi, the height of unevenness of the corresponding unit block 12 conversion, the irregularities having a height corresponding to the phase angle phi, by forming the unit block 12 in the overlap region 19, and records the phase angle phi unit blocks 12 of the overlap region 19.
[0111]
　Figure 12 is a sectional view showing an example of an optical film 10 including the unit blocks 12 irregularities corresponding to the phase angle φ is formed.
[0112]
　The phase angle phi, and it can be converted to the height of the asperities, computer, the phase angle phi is calculated in the range of 0 ~ 2 [pi, for further outputting the calculation result to the image, the 8-bit gray scale value Convert. In this case, 2 [pi corresponds to 255 of 8-bit grayscale value. Then, based on the calculation results, the electron beam drawing machine, subjected to drawing to resist substrate.
[0113]
　When an electron beam lithography machine is unable to support multi-level rendering, by performing different rendering of power at the same position multiple steps may be performed drawing closer to multilevel. By drawing three times, it is possible to represent the multi-level 8 stages. Thereafter, development treatment of the resist, electroforming process is performed. In making drawing to resist substrate, 4 stages, preferably to record the phase angle in 8 steps. In particular, four stages are preferred on the work.
[0114]
　The phase angle phi, can be recorded by modulating the dose of the electron beam. With the dose depth of the resist changes. The phase angle φ can be recorded on the recording surface by the depth.
[0115]
　The original plate using a thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin, using a UV resin or the like, for example, the phase angle recording layer 24 provided facing the substrate 11 as shown in FIG. 12 (a), forming irregularities. In this manner, a unit block 12 irregularities corresponding to the phase angle φ is formed.
[0116]
　Further, when observing the reflected light, as shown in FIG. 12 (b), the the surface of the phase angle recording layer 24 may be coded reflective layer 26. Incidentally, without observing the reflected light, when observing only the transmitted light, as shown in FIG. 12 (a), the it is not necessary to code the reflective layer 26 on the surface of the phase angle recording layer 24.
[0117]
　Above, using the original, an example has been described for forming the unit block 12 which irregularities are formed corresponding to the phase angle phi, as another method, exposed and developed silver halide exposed material, bleaching the developed silver the may be transparent instead of the silver salt, such as silver halide. Alternatively thermoplastic such as a change in shape of the refractive index and surface by light may also be utilized.
[0118]
　Figure 13 is an application example of FIG. 12, if necessary, a release layer 27 is laminated to the substrate 11, further laminating a phase angle recording layer 24 to the release layer 27, further adhesive phase angle recording layer 24 the layers 28 are stacked, by the adhesive layer 28 is a sectional view illustrating the optical film 10 was pasted configurable to object. Incidentally, FIG. 13 (a) and FIG. 13 (b) respectively correspond to FIGS. 12 (a) and 12 FIG. 12 (b), the FIG. 13 (a), the phase angle recording layer 24, reflective layer 26 a configuration example of an optical film 10 but uncoated, FIG. 13 (b), the phase angle recording layer 24, a configuration example of the optical film 10 reflecting layer 26 is coated with a cross-sectional diagram illustrating respectively is there.
[0119]
　FIGS. 14 (a) and. 14 (b) respectively correspond in FIGS. 13 (a) and FIG. 13 (b), the via an adhesive layer 28, after being transferred to the object 29, the release layer 27 from a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a display body 40 including the optical film 10 substrate 11 is peeled.
[0120]
　The material used for the substrate 11 may be a rigid one such as a glass substrate, or a film substrate. For example, PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), it is possible to use plastic films such as PP (polypropylene), modified or altered by heat or pressure or the like according to the time in which a phase angle recording layer 24 it is desirable to use less material. Incidentally, paper and synthetic paper depending on the application and purpose, may be a plastic multi-layer paper or a resin-impregnated paper or the like as the base material 11.
[0121]
　The peeling layer 27, a resin and a lubricant. The resin, thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin, ultraviolet curable resin, electron beam curable resins and the like are preferable. As the resin, acrylic resin or polyester resin, a polyamide resin. As the lubricant, polyethylene powder, paraffin wax, silicone, waxes such as carnauba wax are preferred. These as the release layer 27, it is formed by a known coating method such as gravure printing method or a micro gravure method to a substrate 11. The thickness of the release layer 27, for example preferably in the range of 0.1μm 及至 2 [mu] m.
[0122]
　The phase angle recording layer 24, it is possible to use a resin. The resin, thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin, ultraviolet curable resin, heat-formable material having a radical polymerizable unsaturated group, the electron beam curing resin or the like are preferable. As resins, urethane resins, polycarbonate resins, polystyrene resins, thermoplastic resins polyvinyl chloride resin, unsaturated polyester resins, melamine resins, epoxy resins, urethane (meth) acrylate, polyester (meth) acrylate, epoxy (meth) acrylate, polyol (meth) acrylates, melamine (meth) acrylates, triazine (meth) acrylate is used. The thickness of the phase angle recording layer 24, for example preferably in the range of 0.5μm 及至 5 [mu] m.
[0123]
　Reflective layer 26 is formed, for example, by using the ink. The inks according to the print method, offset inks, can be used letterpress inks, and gravure inks and the like, depending on the difference in composition, for example, a resin ink, oily ink, and water-based inks and the like. Further, according to a difference in drying method, for example, oxidative polymerization type ink, penetration dry-type ink, evaporation dry-type ink and ultraviolet curable inks.
[0124]
　As examples of the material of the reflective layer 26, it may be used a functional ink changes color depending on the angle of illumination or observation angle. Such functional inks, for example, optically variable ink (Optical Variable Ink), include color shifting ink and pearl ink.
[0125]
　Inorganic compound as the material for the reflective layer 26 is also used. As the inorganic compound, a metal compound are preferable, for example, TiO 2 , Si 2 O 3 , SiO, Fe 2 O 3 , ZnS is used. Inorganic compound is likely to increase the high reflectivity refractive index. The metal is used as the material for the reflective layer 26. Metals can be used Al, Ag, Sn, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Au. Inorganic compounds by a vapor phase deposition method, it is possible to form the reflective layer 26 using a metal. The vapor deposition method can be used vapor deposition, CVD, sputtering. The thickness of the reflective layer 26, 40 nm or more, it is possible to 1000nm or less. Reflectivity of the reflective layer 26 is preferably 30% to 70%, if 30% or more, even when the printing layer of the underlying, sufficient reflection can be obtained. Reflectivity than 70% it becomes difficult to observe the printing layer of the high and the base.
[0126]
　Display body 40 shown in FIG. 14, the optical film 10 is attached to the object 29. The object 29, bill, coupon, stamp, card, signage, posters, tags, a seal or the like. Adhesive layer 28, as long adhered to the object 29, the material is not limited, for example, be a adhesive.
[0127]
　Object 29, paper, polymers, etc., as long as it can be stuck through the adhesive layer 28 is not particularly limited.
[0128]
　Further, by rubbing or the like, easily since the blur in a reproduction image scratches occur, (not shown) protective layer on the surface of the display body 40 may be provided. The protective layer, can also be imparted hard coat properties. Hard coat property, in the pencil hardness test (JIS K5600-5-4), can be assumed to be 5H less hardness than H.
[0129]
　20 ° gloss of the surface of the display body 40 (Gs (20 °)) is preferably 15 or more 70 or less. If 20 ° gloss (Gs (20 °)) is less than 15, antiglare property becomes stronger, longer imaging reproduction point 22 is fine. On the other hand, if the 20 ° gloss (Gs (20 °)) is in excess of 70, anti-glare reflected light because glare is insufficient reproduced image, the imaging of the reproduced image, the observation becomes difficult. A more preferred 20 ° gloss (Gs (20 °)) is in the range of 20 to 60 or less.
[0130]
　The value of the transmission image clarity of the phase angle recording layer 24 (C (0.125) + C (0.5) + C (1.0) + C (2.0)) is preferably 200% or more . The haze (Hz) of the phase angle recording layer 24 can be 25% or less than 1.0%. Of 20 ° gloss measurements using gloss meter (BYK-Gardner made micro-TRI-gloss), it was measured based on JIS-K7105-1981. Measurements of permeability sharpness, mapping meter (manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd., trade name; ICM-1DP) was used to measured based on JIS-K7105-1981.
[0131]
　Light transmitted through the anti-glare film is, from the highest wavelength M and minimum wavelength m when measured through an optical comb moving is determined by calculation based on C = (M-m) / (M + m) Formula of × 100. Transmitted image clarity C (%) indicates that the larger the value, the image is sharp, is good. Optical comb of 4 kinds of the width the measurement (0.125mm, 0.5mm, 1.0mm, 2.0mm) because using, is the maximum value 100% × 4 = 400%.
[0132]
　Is (Hz) to measured the haze (Hz) in accordance with JIS-K7105-1981 using a haze meter (Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. NDH2000).
[0133]
　The total light reflectance according to JIS-K7105, for example, a U-4100 is manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation spectrophotometer can be performed using an integrating sphere.
[0134]
　As a modification, there is no release layer 27, it is also possible optical film 10 having the structure on the substrate 11 by laminating a phase angle recording layer 24 directly. FIGS. 15 (a) and. 15 (b), such an optical film 10 is a sectional view showing a configuration example of the display 40 that is attached to the object 29. In this case, as shown in FIG. 15 (a) and FIG. 15 (b), the since there is no release layer 27, even after pasting to the object 29, there remains a substrate 11.
[0135]
　If the substrate 11 to form a printed layer, it is preferred to use a sheet of matte. The paper matte, high-quality paper, medium-quality paper, matte coated paper, art paper, and the like.
[0136]
　Further, as shown in FIG. 16, it has an object 29 functional layer 30, light scattering, reflection, or it is also possible to have in advance a characteristic having diffractive properties. FIGS. 16 (a) and 16 16 (b) is a sectional view showing a configuration example of the display 40 when the object 29 has the function layer 30, respectively FIGS. 14 (a) and 14 (b) It is compatible.
[0137]
　In the configuration shown in FIG. 16 (b), the reflective layer 26 be no material or translucent light-transparent material, it is preferable that the light is deposited in a thin film as transmitted. Thereby, the optical effect of the reflective layer 26, it is possible both to generate simultaneously the optical effect by the functional layer 30.
[0138]
　The functional layer 30 of the object 29, the fine nano-structure, the diffraction grating structure and microstructure, and the like printed layer. A simple example is a partial print layer of the functional layer 30, a functional layer having a transparent reflective layer on its surface, pasted via an adhesive layer 28. Thereby, the optical effect of the functional layer 30, it is possible to generate both the optical effects by the printing of the functional layer 30. Print layer can be formed by using the ink.
[0139]
　Ink can be used pigment ink, the dye ink. Pigment inks may be used an inorganic compound, an organic material. As the pigment of inorganic material, graphite, cobalt, and titanium. As the pigment of organic matter, a phthalocyanine compound, azo pigments, and organic complexes. Further, fluorescence, also be used phosphorescent pigment. Pigment, dispersed in a matrix of the polymer to form a printed print layer. The base material of the polymer may be an acrylic resin, urethane resin, rosin or the like. The addition amount of the pigment is 0.1% or more, preferably 10% or less. As the dye ink, organic matter include, organic dyes, natural dyes, synthetic dyes. As synthetic dyes, azo dyes, organic complex dyes. Further, fluorescence, also be used phosphorescent dye. The dye was dispersed in the basic material of the polymer to form a printed print layer. The base material of the polymer may be an acrylic resin, urethane resin, rosin or the like. Amount of the dye is 0.5% or more, preferably not more than 30%.
[0140]
　To increase the discrimination of the reproduced image, it is preferable print layer is a low reflection. Typically, the low reflection, the reflectivity of the total light is 1% or more, or not more than 29%. In Munsell lightness, if 1-6 becomes a natural color, the corresponding total light reflectance of 1% or more, or less 29%.
[0141]
　The arrangement interval of the computational element compartments 16, the difference between the distance of the dots of the printing layer is more than three times, 10 times or less, or 1/3 or less, preferably 1/10 or more. A calculation element blocks 16 Thus, moire is not generated between halftone dots of the printing layer.
[0142]
　Further, as shown in FIG. 17 as specified and phase angle recording area 18 and the phase angle non-recording area 20 in FIG. 16 (b), the reflective layer 26 provided on the phase angle recording area 18, the phase angle non-recording area 20 the case without the reflecting layer 26, the light in the phase angle non-recording area 20 is transmitted, in which case, the material of the reflective layer 26, to express the optical effect of the functional layer 30 of the object 29 regardless of the film thickness it becomes possible.
[0143]
　Further, FIG. 18 is a configuration obtained by modifying a part of FIG. 17, by also arranging the phase angle recording layer 24 at locations where the phase angle recording layer 24 is not disposed in Fig. 17, the phase angle recording layer 24 is a sectional view showing a configuration example in the case in the whole surface.
[0144]
　As shown in FIG. 18, even if there is a phase angle recording layer 24 on the entire surface, by providing a portion with no portions having the reflective layer 26, it is possible to express the optical effect. Portion The manufacturing method of the presence or absence of the reflective layer 26, a printing layer provided on a portion without the reflective layer 26, reflective layer 26 is deposited, sputtered, formed on the entire surface by printing or the like, not with a reflective layer 26 by peeling the print layer provided, it is possible to manufacture the parts that no portion of the reflective layer 26.
[0145]
　Further, as shown in FIG. 19, a picture (ABCDEF) 33 by printing functional layer 30 has the object 29, by combining the playback point 22 spaced in accordance with the printing of the pattern 33, the playback point 22 by varying the depth to be reproduced, it is possible to have an effect to complement the printed pattern 33. In particular, since the portion of the pattern 33 would like to emphasize the pattern 33, as shown in FIG. 19 (b) is a sectional view corresponding to a plan view in FIG. 19 (a), release the reproducing point 22 from the printing surface regeneration by a playback image of a plurality of reproduction point 22, clearly separate the picture 33 by printing, it is possible to easily visually recognize the observer.
[0146]
　Conversely, as shown in FIG. 19 (b), the portion having no pattern 33 that close to the printed surface of the reproduction point 22, it is possible to clear reproduction point 22 to the observer. Further, it is possible to have the effect of also complement the pattern 33 by a distance from the printing surface of the reproducing point 22 above and opposite. The reproduction point 22 and only coarse portion of the pattern 33, in such that the densely only a portion having no pattern 33 it is possible to exhibit such effect. The role of the functional layer 30 of the object 29, in addition to printing, the fine nano-structure, the diffraction grating structure and microstructure, the computer generated hologram, and the like.
[0147]
　The functional layer 30 as shown in FIG. 20, the machine-readable code may be recorded. The machine-readable code includes a QR code (registered trademark), IQR code, AR code, an electronic watermark.
[0148]
　As shown in FIG. 20, the functional layer 30, even when placing the machine-readable code 34, in accordance with the arrangement of the machine-readable code 34, by changing the depth to be reproduced in the reproduction point 22 , showcases a machine-readable code 34, machine-readable code 34 can be read by a code reader. In particular, portion disposed in machine-readable code 34, in order to increase the readability of the machine-readable code 34, FIG. 20 is a sectional view corresponding to the plan view of FIG. 20 (a) (b) as shown in, by reproducing away reproducing point 22 from the machine-readable code 34, divided and reproducing images of a plurality of reproduction point 22, and a machine-readable code 34 clearly, machine readable code 34 There it is possible to to be easily read by a code reader.
[0149]
　Moreover, machine readable code 34 is preferably provided to the phase angle recording area 18. The machine-readable code 34, printing in a normal printed matter, but discomfort is caused by the reproduced image that varies by the illumination or observation angle, recognizes the machine-readable code 34 poor print layer changes Zurakushi, it can be concealed. Thereby alleviating the design of the degradation due to the imparted machine-readable code.
[0150]
　Correction rate of machine-readable code 34, 20% or more, preferably 60% or less. In the case of using a QR code as machine-readable code 34, the level of error correction is H (correction rate of 30%) are preferred. Level of error correction in the case of using the iQR code code instead of the conventional QR code H (correction rate of 30%) or, S (correction rate of 50%) are preferred.
[0151]
　Further, as shown in FIG. 21 (a) and FIG. 21 (b), the can be configured code 34 machine-readable by the reproducing point 22. To achieve this, the laminated optical film machine-readable code 34 a transparent reflective layer over the pattern of the functional layer 30 is formed of the object 29 is recorded. Code 34 machine-readable in the above configuration, the normal lighting conditions (diffuse illumination), for blurred, can be observed a pattern only. For this reason, it does not interfere with the design of the picture. Fit the other hand, when illuminated by a point source such as an LED lighting such as smart phones (strobe lighting), high brightness of the machine-readable code 34 (e.g., QR code) for is reproduced, the focus of the camera in this QR code it is possible, it is possible to read the contents of machine-readable code 34.
[0152]
　To reliably read the contents of the machine-readable code 34, machine-readable code 34, preferably to be played between 5mm from the functional layer 30 of the object 29 of 25 mm. If this is close to the functional layer 30 than, determination of the picture and the machine-readable code 34 of the functional layer 30 is lowered. On the other hand, away from the functional layer 30 than this, the reproduced image of the machine-readable code 34 becomes easy blurred.
[0153]
　Correction rate of machine-readable code 34, 20% or more, preferably 60% or less. In the case of using a QR code as machine-readable code 34, the level of error correction is H (correction rate of 30%) are preferred. Level of error correction in the case of using the iQR code code instead of the conventional QR code, H (correction rate of 30%) or S (correction rate of 50%) are preferred. Incidentally, the machine-readable code 34, and the functional layer 30, may be recorded in both the reproduction point 22.
[0154]
　Figure 22 is a plan view showing an example of data recorded on the phase angle recording area 18 for reproducing the desired reproduced image.
[0155]
　Figure 23 is an example of combining a pattern of a fluorescent paint 36. Lit illumination, when reproduced by the light source is reproduced reproduction point 22, both when extinguished by coloring the portion fluorescent paint 36 has been applied, the time of lighting of the lighting and non-lighting time it is possible to correspond to.
[0156]
　Figure 24 includes an illumination light source 37 is a perspective view showing the shape of the relationship between reproduction point 22. By spacing the reproduction point 22 as in FIG. 23, it is possible to eliminate the blur according to the size of the reproduced image is reproduced by the reproduction point 22. At this time, as shown in FIG. 24 (a), when the illumination light source 37 is circular, it is possible to reproduce the circular reproduction point 22, as shown in FIG. 24 (b), the illumination light source 'If a star, reproducing point 22 of the star-shaped' 37 it is possible to reproduce the image.
[0157]
　As described above, according to the optical film 10 according to the present embodiment, the phase angle phi, is converted to the height of the unevenness of the unit block 12 in the overlap region 19, the irregularities having a height corresponding to the phase angle phi by forming the corresponding unit block 12 of the overlap region 19, it is possible to reproduce the reproduction image in the reproduction point 22.
[0158]
　(Third Embodiment)　
　In the first embodiment, the unit block 12 in the overlap region 19 has been described to record the numerical information of the corresponding phase angle phi. In the optical film 10 according to the present embodiment, instead of recording the numerical information of the phase angle phi, computer, the change in phase angle phi, it is converted into the amount of change from the refractive index of the recording surface 14. Furthermore, the computer converts the voids to achieve a variation of its refractive index. Then, the void 23, for example, as shown in FIG. 25, by embedding the substrate 11 corresponding to the location of the unit block 12 in the overlapping area, and records the phase angle φ to the unit block 12 in the overlap region 19.
[0159]
　As described above, according to the optical film 10 according to the present embodiment, the void 23 a change in the phase angle phi, is converted into the amount of change from the refractive index of the recording surface 14, to realize the amount of change, overlapping areas by embedding the substrate 11 corresponding to the location of the unit block 12, it is possible to reproduce the reproduction image in the reproduction point 22.
Example
[0160]
　Here, first, an illustration of an example of a simulation of the reproduction image to be reproduced using the phase angle φ calculated as described in the first embodiment.
[0161]
　26 and 27, were obtained by simulation in each case of FIG. 28 is a bitmap image illustrating the reproduced image is reproduced in the reproducing point 22.
[0162]
　Figure 28 shows the conditions for the simulation shows the relationship between the viewing angle θ and m. Simulations were performed for the 7 cases with a combination of a viewing angle θ and m as shown in FIG. 28. Here, size = 250 nm of the recording surface 14, and the wavelength of light lambda = 500 nm, the number of pixels YPIXEL = 1024 in the pixel number XPIXEL = 1024, Y-direction in the X direction of the recording surface 14. Further, as a reproduction point 22, assuming a star shape as illustrated in FIG. 29. The phase angle non-recording area 20 on the recording surface 14 is not taken into consideration.
[0163]
　Figure 26 is an example of the resulting bitmap image by simulation in a state in which light is not devoted, FIG. 27 shows an example of the resulting bitmap image by simulation in a state in which light is devoted. Figure 26 (1) to (7) correspond to each case 1 to 7. Further, in FIG. 27, a white portion corresponds to a higher uneven structure, the black portion corresponds to a low concavo-convex structure.
[0164]
　When m is 1, it corresponds to the viewing angle θ is the limit on the optical theory. As illustrated in FIG. 27, m = less than 3 (i.e., Case 4 - Case 7) becomes, m is noise occurs as smaller, it can be seen that the star of the reproduced image can not be obtained successfully. Therefore, can be acceptable reproduced image, it can be seen that the m relative to the limit resolution is Case 3,2,1 3 or more.
[0165]
　That is, the calculation element blocks 16 defined by the viewing angle θ is defined as previously described (1), by calculating the phase angle phi, can be appropriately reproduced reproduced image is reproduced in the reproducing point 22 It has been shown.
[0166]
　It will now be described effect of shortening the calculation time by setting the phase angle non-recording area 20 on the recording surface 14.
[0167]
　Figure 30 were carried out to demonstrate the effect of shortening the calculation time by setting the phase angle non-recording area 20 on the recording surface 14, the shape pattern in the three cases illustrated in FIG. 31 (a, b, c) the shows. Here, 250 nm size of the recording surface 14, the wavelength of light lambda = 500 nm, the number of pixels XPIXEL in the X direction of the recording surface 14 = 1024 pixels in the Y-direction number YPIXEL = 1024, and the number N = 170 for reproduction point 22 did.
[0168]
　Case a, as illustrated in FIG. 30 (a), the case of the shape pattern of the entire surface of the recording surface 14 and the phase angle recording area 18. Case b, as illustrated in FIG. 30 (b), so as to form a stripe, which for the shape pattern arranged with a phase angle recording area 18 and the phase angle non-recording area 20 alternately. Case c, as illustrated in FIG. 30 (c), the phase angle recording area 18 arranged in a grid pattern, the other regions, a case of the shape pattern and the phase angle non-recording region 20. Occupancy of the phase angle recording area 18 on the recording surface 14, the case a is the highest, case b, decreases with increasing the case c.
[0169]
　Figure 31, under these conditions, also shows the computation time spent in the calculation in each case. As illustrated in Figure 31, as the occupancy of the phase angle recording area 18 on the recording surface 14 becomes lower, i.e., as the occupancy of the phase angle non-recording area 20 on the recording surface 14 becomes higher, the computation time can be shortened It rukoto be seen.
[0170]
　Incidentally, striped and shape as illustrated in FIG. 30 (a), a rectangular shape as illustrated in FIG. 30 (b) can also be realized by the dotted line inside the graphic 17 in FIG. 10 described above is there. Thus, while the pattern, it is possible to shorten the calculation time.
[0171]
　(Modification)　
　modification of the optical film 10 as described in the embodiments will be described.
[0172]
　For example, according to the optical film 10 according to the above embodiments, the phase angle non-recording area 20, and print characters or figures, etc., can be effectively utilized the phase angle non-recording region 20.
[0173]
　Figure 32 is a diagram showing an example, FIG. 32 (a) is a plan view, FIG. 32 (b) cross-section formed by cutting along the line A-A 'in FIG. 32 (a) It illustrates FIG.
[0174]
　In the optical film 10 is illustrated in FIG. 32, as illustrated in the plan view of FIG. 32 (a), similarly to FIG. 3, a plurality of phase angle recording area 18 forming a strip shape, a stripe shape as to, they are periodically arranged on the recording surface 14. Further, a character 32 of "A" in the alphabet, are printed over a plurality of phase angle non-recording region 20.
[0175]
　As illustrated in the sectional view of FIG. 32 (b), the phase angle recording area 18 is drawn pattern for reproducing a desired reproduction image by the phase angle recording layer 24, the phase angle unrecorded in the region 20, the ink or the like, characters 32 are printed.
[0176]
　According to such an optical film 10 printed by the drawing pattern on the phase angle recording area 18, in addition to the desired reproduced image is to be reproduced in the reproduction point 22, the phase angle non-recording area 20 character 32 will be displayed. Therefore, the viewer, it is possible to convey the two kinds of information.
[0177]
　Information that can be transmitted by using the phase angle non-recording area 20 is not limited to the printed characters 32. Figure 33 is a plan view showing an example in which elaborate put grating phase angle non-recording region 20.
[0178]
　In the optical film 10 is illustrated in Figure 33, similarly to FIG. 4, a plurality of phase angle recording area 18 having a rectangular shape, so as to form a grating shape, periodically two-dimensionally on the recording surface 14 It is located. Moreover, the phase angle non-recording area 20, the diffraction grating is interleaved.
[0179]
　FIG. 33 (a) over the entire phase angle non-recording area 20 shows an example in which the diffraction grating is interleaved on the arc, FIG. 33 (b) is over the entire phase angle non-recording area 20, It shows an example in which the diffraction grating is interleaved linear.
[0180]
　Also by this way Komu putting grating phase angle recording area 20, the viewer, it is possible to convey a plurality of information. The diffraction grating interleaved phase angle non-recording area 20 is not limited to the general shape as illustrated in FIGS. 33 (a) and 33 (b), a diffraction grating of any shape it may be Komu put. Further, for example, to a portion (e.g., part of the eye and mouth of the mark in figure 17) corresponding to the phase angle non-recording area 20 of figure 17 in FIG. 10, put another optical film as shown in FIG. 32 and FIG. 33 it may be writing. The invention is not limited to utilizing the diffraction of light, scattering of light, by using a variety of optical properties such as reflection, it is also possible to add various kinds of information, also this configuration, the present It is intended to be included in the invention.
[0181]
　Although the best mode for carrying out the present invention has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to such a configuration. In the scope of the invention the technical spirit of the appended claims, those skilled in the art, which can conceive various changes and modifications, the technical scope of the present invention for their changes and modifications It is understood to belong to.

The scope of the claims
[Requested item 1]
　An optical film having a recording surface,
　the recording surface,
　　the phase component of the light from the reproducing point of the reproduced image is calculated, and the corresponding calculated element blocks on a one-to-one to each reproduction point,
　　the phase and phase angle recording area phase angle calculated based on the component is recorded,
　　said and a phase angle is not recorded phase angle non-recording area,
　overlapping area where the computing element blocks and said phase angle recording regions overlap in, wherein the recording the phase angle calculated based on the phase component, the optical film.
[Requested item 2]
　Wherein the phase component of light is calculated for each unit block from the reproduction point, a phase angle calculated based on the phase component, characterized in that recorded for each said unit block to the phase angle recording area, the optical film of claim 1.
[Requested item 3]
　Said computing element blocks is defined by the viewing angle theta of the following formula,
　　　theta <(A / m),
where a (λ / 2d) if a ≦ 1, A = asin (λ / 2d), characterized in that the λ wavelength of the light, d is the arrangement interval in the viewing angle direction of the unit block, m is 3 or more real, the optical film according to claim 2.
[Requested item 4]
　The phase angle from the phase component is calculated according to the equation,
[Equation 1]

where, W (kx, ky) is the phase component, n represents the number of reproduction point (n = 0 ~ Nmax), amp playback light of the amplitude of the points, i is the imaginary, lambda is the wavelength of light in reproducing, O n (x, y, z) coordinates of the reproduction points, (kx, ky, 0) coordinates of the unit blocks, φ is the phase angle, Xmin, Xmax, Ymin, Ymax is characterized different for each coordinate a a reproduced point to define the scope of the calculation element blocks, an optical film according to claim 2.
[Requested item 5]
　Wherein the phase angle recording area, characterized by recording a machine-readable code, an optical film according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
[Requested item 6]
　The phase angle non-recording area, characterized in that it is a mirror, an optical film according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
[Requested item 7]
　The phase angle non-recording area, wherein the recording information other than the phase angle, the optical film according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
[Requested item 8]
　Information other than the phase angle, characterized in that the scattering of light, reflection, and is information including at least one of the diffraction characteristics, optical film of claim 7.
[Requested item 9]
　As a stripe shape is formed by a plurality of said phase angle recording area forming a rectangular shape, a plurality of phase angles recording area forming the strip-shaped, characterized in that the periodically arranged on the recording surface, the optical film according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
[Requested item 10]
　As the lattice shape by a plurality of said phase angle recording area having a rectangular shape is formed, characterized in that said plurality of phase angle recording area having a rectangular shape, and periodically arranged in a two-dimensional shape, wherein the optical film according to any one of claim 1 to 9.
[Requested item 11]
　The phase angle recording area, characterized in that a shape of a figure representing characters or figures, an optical film according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
[Requested item 12]
　Characterized by use of the graphic, as personal authentication information, the optical film according to claim 11.
[Requested item 13]
　A plurality of the computational elements compartment, characterized in that it does not overlap with the phase angle recording area, the optical film according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
[Requested item 14]
　A plurality of the reproducing point, characterized by the presence on the recording surface on the same plane parallel to, the optical film according to any one of claims 1 to 13.
[Requested item 15]
　Wherein the each of the plurality of computational element blocks not overlapping said, were colored with different colors, the optical film according to claim 13 or 14.
[Requested item 16]
　Wherein the phase angle, as the height of the unit block of the recording surface, and characterized by recording in the overlapping region, the optical film according to any one of claims 1 to 15.
[Requested item 17]
　In response to said phase angle, a void void volume was modulated of said recording surface, by embedding the corresponding unit block in the overlap region, characterized by recording the phase angle to the overlap region, wherein the optical film according to any one of claim 1 to 15.
[Requested item 18]
　The optical film according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized by comprising attached to the object, the display body.
[Requested item 19]
　Wherein on the recording surface of the optical film, characterized by having a transparent reflective layer, display of claim 18.
[Requested item 20]
　Wherein the object has a functional layer, display of claim 18 or 19.
[Requested item 21]
　It characterized in that the functional layer is a printed layer, a display element according to claim 20.
[Requested item 22]
　Wherein the functional layer, characterized by recording a machine-readable code, display of claim 20 or 21.