FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT 1970
(39 OF 1970)
&
The Patent Rules, 2003
PROVISIONAL / COMPLETE SPECIFICATION:
(See Section 10 and Rule 13)
1. TITLE OF THE INVENTION OPTIMIZING SETUP TIME REDUCTION
2. APPLICANT (S)

Name Nationality Address
MANDAR ARVIND KELKAR INDIAN FLAT NO. 8, MONALISA
APARTMENT,
SBI COLONY, NEAR SANGAM PRESS,
KOTHRUD, PUNE 411038,
MAHARASHTRA, INDIA
CHINMAY SHEKHAR DAMLE INDIAN SHRIDHAR, 12, S1TABAUG COLONY, SINHGAD ROAD, PUNE 411030, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA
VYYOM BHOOSHAN KELKAR UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FLAT Al, SHUBHNAGARI SOCIETY, 30/31 DAHANUKAR COLONY, KOTHRUD, PUNE 411038, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA
3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION

PROVISIONAL
The following specification describes the
Invention.
NA COMPLETE
The following specification particularly describes The Invention and the manner in which it is to be Performed.
REF PAGE NO l TO 17
REF FIGURE NO 1 TO 5
4. DESCRIPTION (Description shall start from next page)
REF PAGE NO 3 TO 11 & REF FIGURE NO 1 TO 5
5. CLAIMS (Claims should start with the preamble I/WE claim on a separate page)
REF PAGE NO 12 TO 15
6. Date : 14 /12 / 2012 Names & signatures
MANDAR ARVIND KELKAR CHINMAY SHEKHAR DAMLE
VYYOM BHOOSHAN KELKAR
7. ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION (To be given along with complete specification on separate page)
REF PAGE NO 16

Patent Application by Mandar Kelkar, Chinmay Damle and Vyyom Kelkar. OPTIMIZING SETUP TIME REDUCTION
BACKGROUND
In today's competitive world, catering to the varied needs of customers warrants frequent and quick setups. Quick setups drive smaller lot sizes, lower production costs, improve productivity in terms of increased output, increased utilization of machine and labor hours, make additional capacity available (often at bottleneck resources), reduce scrap and rework, and increase flexibility. Any machine producing multiple products is a good candidate for setup time reduction. Reference (1) discusses the pioneering work of setup time reduction, first application of the SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die) philosophy in 1950 on press machines by reducing the setup time from 4 hours to 3 minutes. This exercise was horizontally deployed across variety of equipment in Toyota Motor Co. Here major thrust was on dividing the setup activities into internal setups (machine needs to be stopped) and external setups (machine is working) and ensuring that all external activities are done before the machine is stopped. Thus, all processes that are completed during the setup (internally) should be completed beforehand (externally). A variety of mechanical techniques were used like simplification of fittings and tightening, use of quick attachment devices, functional clamps, etc. Reference (2) carried this work further by proposing new mechanical improvements in the form of improvements to clamping, one-touch fasteners, half-turn fasteners, T-slots, hydraulic and vacuum clamping, etc. This work was further supplemented by reference (3) where it emphasizes on standardizing the setup procedures for sustaining setup reduction process. Reference (4) explores the issue of the sus-tainability of reduced setups and highlights the importance of making staff accountable for setup times as part of their job description. Reference (5) further proposes a comprehensive procedure for reducing setup time on injection moulding process. It summarizes

Patent Application by Mandar Kelkar, Chinmay Damle and Vyyom Kelkar.
current practices and aims to focus on cost effective mechanical, organizational and procedural changes which will provide a simplified approach that can be implemented on forging machine. There is also a paper (Reference 6) presented at ASCMM 2011 where an attempt is presented to adopt a variety of approaches like SMED, Time Study, Work Simplification & Standardization to reduce setup time on forging machine. This paper presents a simplified approach to reduce setup time on forging machine (being bottleneck in the process) in a bolt manufacturing company. There is also a product called (Reference 7) SMED ™ available in the market by a company called OptimumFX ™. The product is a visual depiction of some of the SMED steps.
BRIEF SUMMARY
Embodiments of the invention are directed to a computer implemented method and a system for optimizing setup time reduction for a production process. Accordingly, embodiments of the invention identify type and activities of the production process. Embodiments of the invention further analyze the identified activities into external activities and internal activities, wherein the analyzing uses SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die) methodology. Embodiments of the invention further process the identified type, external activities and the internal activities using at least one method selected from the group consisting of: ontology, an unstructured data analytics method, a codification method and a clustering method.
Other aspects of the invention are also disclosed in dependent claims.

Patent Application by Mandar Kelkar, Chinmay Damle and Vyyom Kelkar. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
Embodiments of the invention are described below, by way of example only, with reference to the following schematic drawings, where:
Figure 1 depicts an exemplary schematic of list of activities along with a type of production process of forging as found in prior art;
Figure 2 depicts an exemplary schematic of identifying external activities and internal activities from the exemplary schematic of list of Figure 1 as found in prior art;
Figure 3 shows a flow chart for optimizing setup time reduction for a production process as disclosed in an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
Figure 4 shows an exemplary schematic of a system used for optimizing setup time reduction for a production process as disclosed in Figure 3; and
Figure 5 shows an exemplary schematic of a computer system used for optimizing setup time reduction for a production process as disclosed in Figure 3.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Embodiments of the invention are directed to a computer implemented method and a system for optimizing setup time reduction for a production process. In general the following methodology is described:
a. Identification of Bottleneck & Ascertaining the Needs for Setup Reduction
b. Data Collection and Analysis (Downtime and setup time records)
c. List & Analyze Internal & External Setup Activities
d. Reduce / Simplify / Eliminate Internal & External Setup Activities
d. 1. Mechanical Improvements
d.2. Procedural Improvements d.3. Organizational Improvements
The SMED methodology as such is found in prior art, however, embodiments of the invention identify type and activities of the production process. Embodiments of the invention further analyze the identified activities into external activities and internal activities, wherein the analyzing uses SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die) methodolo-

Patent Application by Mandar Kelkar, Chinmay Damle and Vyyom Kelkar.
gy. Embodiments of the invention further process the identified type, external activities and the internal activities using at least one method selected from the group consisting of: ontology, an unstructured data analytics method, a codification method and a clustering method.
Embodiments of the invention, in an exemplary mode, enhance the conventional SMED methodology based setup time reduction by classifying and grouping similar production processes in logical clusters based on their type and also the list of activities classified as internal activities and external activities. This is achieved, as per some embodiments of the invention using unstructured data analytics and use of ontologies and data dictionary.
Figure 1 depicts an exemplary schematic of list of activities along with a type of production process of forging as found in prior art. For any production process, a type such as "forging production process" and a list of activities as> shown in the second column of the table in Figure 1 showing average time each of the activity takes is given in the third column. Thus in this case, the type of the production process is "forging", the list of activities is also listed and the first activity is "Bring bottom die holder to the top position".
Figure 2 depicts an exemplary schematic of identifying external activities and internal activities from the exemplary schematic of list of Figure 1 as found in prior art. For the same serial number as that of Figure 1, SMED methodology has identified activity 2, activity 7 and activity 13 as external activities, while others are internal. As per SMED based setup time reduction, the external activities are typically eliminated or performed externally, reducing the setup time and increasing efficiency.
Figure 3 shows a flow chart of a method 300 for optimizing setup time reduction for a production process as disclosed in an exemplary embodiment of the invention. Step 302 shows identifying type of the production process and corresponding activities of the production process as found in prior art. Step 304 depicts analyzing the identified activities into external activities and internal activities, wherein the analyzing uses SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die) methodology as found in prior art. Step 306 shows processing the identified type, external activities and the internal activities using at least

Patent Application by Mandar Kelkar, Chinmay Damle and Vyyom Kelkar.
one method selected from the group consisting of: ontology, an un-structured data analytics method, a codification method and a clustering method. Step 308 depicts accessing historical data of a plurality of production processes and step 310 shows generating clusters using the historical data, wherein each of the clusters includes the type and corresponding internal activities and corresponding external activities. Step 312 shows building a repository of the generated clusters, using at least one of ontology and data dictionary. Step 314 depicts augmenting the repository by receiving a user defined input of a set of type and corresponding data of internal activities and external activities. This is step necessary if a user has a specific need or there are certain terms very specific to a particular industry vertical that may not have been as common in conventional production process in historical database. This may also be necessary if there are some technical terms pertinent to specific industry operations being called by specific names. From the steps 316 to step 326, the method is in deployment mode, where the respository built in previous steps from 302 to 314, is used for a new process for reduction in setup-time. Step 316 depicts receiving from a user, new information about a new production process, wherein the information includes corresponding new type and corresponding activities. Step 318 depicts comparing the new information with the information in the repository using at least one of: ontology and unstructured data analytics. Step 320 shows presenting an output list consisting classified activities to the user wherein the output list displays each activity classified as internal activity or an external activity and step 322 shows validating the output list by the user. This user interaction is necessary to make the invention work in open-loop method. Step 324 further depicts performing at least one step selected from a group consisting: assigning appropriate code by the user for at least a subset of the validated external activities and updating the repository with the type of the new production process along with the validated list. Step 326 depicts presenting at least one selected from the group consisting of: the validated output list along with assigned code and the validated output list as a process flowchart, wherein the external validated external activities are depicted as parallel blocks in a process flowchart.
Figure 4 shows an exemplary schematic of a system 400 used for optimizing setup time reduction for a production process as disclosed in Figure 3. Element 402 shows a historical production process data block which in an exemplary mode includes 404 for

Patent Application by Mandar Kelkar, Chinmay Damle and Vyyom Kelkar.
forging machine, 406 as CNC machining center and 408 as Press machine. In an exemplary mode, corresponding to forging production process 404, element 410 depicts type as "forging" as gives a list of activities. Element 412 depicts, using expert analysis and owing to SMED methodology, classifying the list of activities into internal activities and external activities. Using clustering of all such production process elements as in 412 for various processes, and using unstructured data analytics and clustering techniques, a repository 414 is evolved. Repository 414 can further be augmented by element 416, which is a user-defined element adding to previously unseen or industry specific type and corresponding internal/external activities sets. Using elements of ontology 416 and element 420 of data dictionary, the repository of clusters is enhanced. As an example, element 414 depicts that for a typical external activity identified by "search" or "check", one could have "look for" or find" as synonyms from the data dictionary and for another internal activity "check" one could add "ascertain" or "make sure" from the data dictionary. Element 422 is a new production process that has a list of activities and the objective is to find what activities are external as hence those could be parallelized and also it is desirable to see a process flowchart where activities classified as internal and external can be shown. Element 424 identifies the type and list of activities for the element 422. Comparison block 426 uses the type and list of activities of element 424 and compared it with repository 414 using connection 427 with the repository 414, to result into the element 428, which is a validation block. This is done using matching of the type and the list of activities suing unstructured data analytics which may include but is not limited to fuzzy matching. Element 428 enlists all the activities of element 424 and depicts whether each of the activity is internal or external. User 430 validates/edits the suggestions given by element 428 and commits the validation or edits and also assigns appropriate user defined codes if any. Once the user approves either validation or edits, connector 429 also transmits this information to the repository 414 for updating the repository 414. Also once the validation is complete, a corresponding flowchart of activities as "process flowchart" is shown as depicted in element 432 as process flowchart block. The logic used here is that the external activities are parallel to the activity immediately previous to it. As an example, we see that activity 1 of 410, "Bring bottom die holder to the top position" is now in parallel to activity 2 "Search for spanner". Then in a combined fashion going to activity 3 of 410 that is "Loosen 4 bolts of top die holder".

Patent Application by Mandar Kelkar, Chinmay Damle and Vyyom Kelkar.
Figure 5 is a block diagram of an exemplary computer system 500 that can be used for implementing various embodiments of the present invention. In some embodiments, the computer system 500 can also be used to perform the steps described in Figure 4. The Computer system 500 includes a processor 504. It should be understood although Figure 5 illustrates a single processor, one skilled in the art would appreciate that more than one processor can be included as needed. The processor 504 is connected to a communication infrastructure 502 (for example, a communications bus, cross-over bar, or network) where the communication infrastructure 504 is configured to facilitate communication between various elements of the exemplary computer system 500. Various software embodiments are described in terms of this exemplary computer system. After reading this description, it will become apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the relevant art(s) how to implement the invention using other computer systems and/or computer architectures.
Exemplary computer system 500 can include a display interface 508 configured to forward graphics, text, and other data from the communication infrastructure 502 (or from a frame buffer not shown) for display on a display unit 510. The computer system 500 also includes a main memory 506, which can be random access memory (RAM), and may also include a secondary memory 512. The secondary memory 512 may include, for example, a hard disk drive 514 and/or a removable storage drive 516, representing a floppy disk drive, a magnetic tape drive, an optical disk drive, etc. The removable storage drive 516 reads from and/or writes to a removable storage unit 518 in a manner well known to those having ordinary skill in the art. The removable storage unit 518, represents, for example, a floppy disk, magnetic tape, optical disk, etc. which is read by and written to by the removable storage drive 516. As will be appreciated, the removable storage unit 518 includes a computer usable storage medium having stored therein computer software and/or data.
In exemplary embodiments, the secondary memory 512 may include other similar means for allowing computer programs or other instructions to be loaded into the computer system. Such means may include, for example, a removable storage unit 522 and an interface 520. Examples of such may include a program cartridge and cartridge interface (such as that found in video game devices), a removable memory chip (such as an EPROM, or PROM) and associated socket, and other removable storage units 522 and

Patent Application by Mandar Kelkar, Chinmay Damle and Vyyom Kelkar.
interfaces 520 which allow software and data to be transferred from the removable storage unit 522 to the computer system 500.
The computer system 500 may also include a communications interface 524. The communications interface 524 allows software and data to be transferred between the computer system and external devices. Examples of the communications interface 524 may include a modem, a network interface (such as an Ethernet card), a communications port, a PCMCIA slot and card, etc. Furthermore, aspects of the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied in one or more computer readable medium(s) having computer readable program code embodied thereon.
Any combination of one or more computer readable medium(s) may be utilized. The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readable storage medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this document, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
A computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. These propagated signals are provided to the communications interface 524 via a communications path (that is, channel) 526. A computer readable signal medium may be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

Patent Application by Mandar Kelkar, Chinmay Damle and Vyyom Kelkar.
Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing. Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).
Embodiments of the invention further provide a storage medium tangibly embodying a program of machine-readable instructions executable by a digital processing apparatus to carry out a method optimizing setup time reduction as described in the various embodiments set forth above and described in detail.
Advantages of various embodiments of the invention include Achieving speed in identification of internal and external activities using historical data using data analytics, ontologies and data dictionaries. Advantages of various embodiments of the invention further include presenting a flowchart based on parallelization possibilities based on fast SMED analytics methodology. Although the invention explains various advantages of the specific embodiments of the invention, those skilled in the art will appreciate from the teaching of the embodiments that the advantages of the invention are not limited to the above mentioned.
The described techniques may be implemented as a method, apparatus or article of manufacture involving software, firmware, micro-code, hardware such as logic, memory and/or any combination thereof. The term "article of manufacture" as used herein refers to code or logic and memory implemented in a medium, where such medium may include hardware logic and memory [e.g., an integrated circuit chip, Programmable Gate Array (PGA), Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), etc.] or a computer reada-

Patent Application by Mandar Kelkar, Chinmay Damle and Vyyom Kelkar.
ble medium, such as magnetic storage medium (e.g., hard disk drives, floppy disks, tape, etc.), optical storage (CD-ROMs, optical disks, etc.), volatile and non-volatile memory devices [e.g., Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), flash, firmware, programmable logic, etc.]. Code in the computer readable medium is accessed and executed by a processor. The medium in which the code or logic is encoded may also include transmission signals propagating through space or a transmission media, such as an optical fiber, copper wire, etc. The transmission signal in which the code or logic is encoded may further include a wireless signal, satellite transmission, radio waves, infrared signals, Bluetooth, the internet etc. The transmission signal in which the code or logic is encoded is capable of being transmitted by a transmitting station and received by a receiving station, where the code or logic encoded in the transmission signal may be decoded and stored in hardware or a computer readable medium at the receiving and transmitting stations or devices. Additionally, the "article of manufacture" may include a combination of-hardware and software components in which the code is embodied, processed, and executed. Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize that many modifications may be made without departing from the scope of embodiments, and that the article of manufacture may include any information bearing medium. For example, the article of manufacture includes a storage medium having stored therein instructions that when executed by a machine results in operations being performed.
Certain embodiments can take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment containing both hardware and software elements. In a preferred embodiment, the invention is implemented in software, which includes but is not limited to firmware, resident software, microcode, etc. Elements that are in communication with each other need not be in continuous communication with each other, unless expressly specified otherwise. In addition, elements that are in communication with each other may communicate directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries. Additionally, a description of an embodiment with several components in communication with each other does not imply that all such components are required. On the contrary a variety of optional components are described to illustrate the wide variety

Patent Application by Mandar Kelkar, Chinmay Damle and Vyyom Kelkar.
of possible embodiments.
Further, although process steps, method steps or the like may be described in a sequential order, such processes, methods and algorithms may be configured to work in alternate orders. In other words, any sequence or order of steps that may be described does not necessarily indicate a requirement that the steps be performed in that order. The steps of processes described herein may be performed in any order practical. Further, some steps may be performed simultaneously, in parallel, or concurrently. Further, some or all steps may be performed in run-time mode.
The terms "certain embodiments", "an embodiment", "embodiment", "embodiments", "the embodiment", "the embodiments", "one or more embodiments", "some embodiments", and "one embodiment" mean one or more (but not all) embodiments unless expressly specified otherwise. The terms "including", "comprising", "having" and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to", unless expressly specified otherwise. The enumerated listing of items does not imply that any or all of the items are mutually exclusive, unless expressly specified otherwise. The terms "a", "an" and "the" mean "one or more", unless expressly specified otherwise.
Computer program means or computer program in the present context mean any expression, in any language, code or notation, of a set of instructions intended to cause a system having an information processing capability to perform a particular function either directly or after either or both of the following a) conversion to another language, code or notation; b) reproduction in a different material form.
Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alternations could be made thereto without departing from spirit and scope of the inventions as defined by the appended claims. Variations described for exemplary embodiments of the present invention can be realized in any combination desirable for each particular application. Thus particular limitations, and/or embodiment enhancements described herein, which may have particular advantages to a particular application, need not be used for all applications. Also, not all limitations need be implemented in methods, systems, and/or apparatuses including one or more concepts described with relation to exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

Patent Application by Mandar Kelkar, Chinmay Damle and Vyyom Kelkar.
CLAIMS
We claim:
1. A computing device implemented method for optimizing setup time reduction for
a production process, the method comprising:
identifying type of the production process and corresponding activities of the production process;
analyzing the identified activities into external activities and internal activities, wherein the analyzing uses SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die) methodology; and
processing the identified type, external activities and the internal activities using at least one method selected from the group consisting of: ontology, an unstructured data analytics method, a codification method and a clustering method.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
accessing historical data of a plurality of production processes;
generating clusters using the historical data, wherein each of the clusters includes the type and corresponding internal activities and corresponding external activities; and
building a repository of the generated clusters, using at least one of ontology and data dictionary.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
augmenting the repository by receiving a user defined input of a set of type and corresponding data of internal activities and external activities.
4. The method of claim 2 or claim 3, further comprising:
receiving from a user, new information about a new production process, wherein the information includes corresponding new type and corresponding activities;

Patent Application by Mandar Kelkar, Chinmay Damle and Vyyom Kelkar.
comparing the new information with the information in the repository using at least one of: ontology and unstructured data analytics; and
presenting an output list consisting classified activities to the user wherein the output list displays each activity classified as internal activity or an external activity.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
validating the output list by the user;
performing at least one step from a group consisting of:
assigning appropriate code by the user for at least a subset of the
validated external activities; and
updating the repository with the type of the new production
process along with the validated list; and
presenting at least one selected from the group consisting of: the validated output list along with assigned code and the validated output list as a process flowchart, wherein the external validated external activities are depicted as parallel blocks in a process flowchart.
6. A system for optimizing setup time reduction for a production process, the system
comprising:
a processor; and
a computer readable medium communicatively coupled to the processor and wherein the processor is adapted to:
identify type of the production process and corresponding activities of the production process;
analyze the identified activities into external activities and internal activities, wherein the analyzing uses SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die) methodology; and
process the identified type, external activities and the internal activities using at least one method selected from the group consisting of: ontology, an unstructured data analytics method, a codification method and a clustering method.

Patent Application by Mandar Kelkar, Chinmay Damle and Vyyom Kelkar.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the processor is further adapted to:
access historical data of a plurality of production processes;
generate clusters using the historical data, wherein each of the clusters includes the type and corresponding internal activities and corresponding external activities; and
build a repository of the generated clusters, using at least one of ontology and data dictionary.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the processor is further adapted to:
augment the repository by receiving a user defined input of a set of type and corresponding data of internal activities and external activities.
9. The system of claim 7 or claim 8, wherein the processor is further adapted to:
receive from a user, new information about a new production process, wherein the information includes corresponding new type and corresponding activities;
compare the new information with the information in the repository using at least one of: ontology and unstructured data analytics; and
present an output list consisting classified activities to the user wherein the output list displays each activity classified as internal activity or an external activity.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the processor is further adapted to:
validate the output list by the user;
perform at least one step from a group consisting of:
assign appropriate code by the user for at least a subset of the validated external activities; and
update the repository with the type of the new production process along with the validated list; and
assign appropriate code by the user for at least a subset of the validated external activities; and

Patent Application by Mandar Kelkar, Chinmay Damle and Vyyom Kelkar.
present at least one selected from the group consisting of: the validated output list along with assigned code and the validated output list as a process flowchart, wherein the external validated external activities are depicted as parallel blocks in a process flowchart.

Patent Application by Mandar Kelkar, Chinmay Damle and Vyyom Kelkar.
References
1. Shigeo Shingo, Single Minute Exchange of Die, . Productivity Press, 1986.
2. Chaneski, W.S., 2004, Success in Setup Reduction Efforts. Modern Machine Shop, June 2004: 40-42.
3. Gest, G, Culley, S.J.,1995, Review of Fast Tool Change Systems. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems 8/3: 205-210.
4. Culley, S.J., Owen G. W., 2003, Sustaining Changeover Improvement. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 217/10: 1455-1470.
5. B.Kayis, S. Kara, 2007, Set-Up Reduction in Injection Molding Process - A Case Study in Packaging Industry, 4th International Conference and Exhibition on Design and Production of MACHINES and IES/MOLDS, CESME.
6. Mandar Kelkar et. al. "Setup Time Reduction on Forging Machine- A Case Study", presented at "International Conference Advances in Supply Chain and Production Management", 16-18 Dec 2011, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India.
7. http://www. optimumfx. com/200 7web/index.html