OSCILLATING TABLE
Technical Field
The present invention refers to an oscillating table, in particular a table used in
plants for the production of billets and blooms in order to allow the oscillation of
the crystalliser.
State of the Art
Traditional oscillating tables have been described in various patent documents. Of
these, document US5642769 describes a continuous casting device comprising a
crystalliser oscillation and guiding mechanism, mounted on a support structure, in
particular, the oscillating table described comprises:
- a support structure fastened to the ground or floor of the factory,
- an intermediate support structure between said first structure and a crystalliser,
- and the crystalliser itself.
The intermediate support structure is suited to oscillating following the action of
hydraulic or mechanical actuation means, and it is connected with the fixed
structure and with the crystalliser by means of a first and a second elastic
membrane respectively.
The crystalliser guiding mechanism comprises this second membrane that, like
the first one, is made like a spring with a ring-shaped disk shape. This ring-shaped
disk is connected in the proximity of its inner edge with the crystalliser and in
proximity of its outer edge with the intermediate support structure, by means of
mechanical fixing means.
This oscillating table however presents a series of disadvantages.
A first disadvantage is that of providing elastic membrane elements between the
structure fixed to the ground and the mobile intermediate structure. The use of the
membrane does not make it possible to obtain very wide axial oscillations, as the
stroke of the membrane is limited by its yield point. This membrane must, in fact,
absorb in the elastic field all the guiding forces and each point of the membrane
on the inner hole is stressed not only in traction along the radial direction, but also
in traction from the adjacent points along circumferential directions; excessive
stresses lead to the reaching of the yield point and then to the breaking of the
same membrane.
A second disadvantage is represented by the fact that membranes connections

with the fixed structure and the mobile structure must be made by means of a considerable quantity of screws, pins or other mechanical clamping means, necessary to distribute the loads generated by the forces induced by the oscillations on such a limited thickness of the same membrane. Another disadvantage of this oscillating table is that it makes the operation of replacing the crystalliser inconvenient in the case, for example, that the format of product to be cast has to be changed. Furthermore, the oscillating table is structured so as to not envisage the possibility of housing curved crystallisers. Lastly, a further disadvantage is represented by the fact that the cooling water under pressure, in addition to exercising a considerable force on the lower membrane connecting the structure fixed to the ground to the mobile intermediate structure, limits the good operation of the crystalliser as even the water itself is set in motion creating undesired inertiae and additional forces, thus negatively influencing the dynamics of the organs in movement.
In other state of the art oscillating tables, the presence of bearings, subject to. wear, makes their use disadvantageous as they require frequent maintenance with considerable costs and greater time consumption. Furthermore, during the steel product casting process, undesired oscillating table movements are created due to the clearances of the bearings, the value of which is amplified at high oscillation frequencies.
An attempt to overcome some of these drawbacks was made with the table described in the document US5623983. However, this has the disadvantage of having a bulky structure and excessive total weight. Higher activation forces are therefore required, i.e. a greater oscillation command. Furthermore, the duration of the springs is limited by the high alternated bending stresses that result due to the high inertia. Deviations and displacements of the crystalliser from the desired guiding trajectory are still observed, and also the heat influences are even more perceptible. Lastly, the configuration of this table makes the crystalliser replacement operation difficult.
The need is therefore felt to produce an innovative oscillating table that makes it possible to overcome the above inconveniences. Summary of the Invention The primary aim of this invention is to make an oscillating table for billets or

blooms production plant that has a high torsional and lateral stiffness and that
allows a high crystalliser guiding precision, thus allowing it wider oscillations
exclusively in the casting direction.
A further aim is to make an oscillating table of considerable constructive simplicity
with an absence of mechanical organs subject to wear, such as, for instance,
bearings, rotating pins, joints, runners, etc., thus practically eliminating the need
for maintenance and obtaining a substantial saving of time and money.
The present invention therefore aims to overcome the drawbacks described above
by producing an oscillating table that, according to claim 1, comprises
- a mobile structure, inserted into a support structure fastened to the ground, the
mobile structure comprising a crystalliser defining a casting direction and suited to
being guided in an oscillation by first elastic means, arranged transverse to the
casting direction,
- actuation means, suited to transmitting alternating impulses in a direction
substantially vertical to the crystalliser, in order to cause an oscillation motion
thereof,
characterised by the fact that said first elastic means comprise an even number of pairs of first elastic bars and an even number of pairs of second elastic bars, said pairs of first bars being arranged alternatively on two first planes parallel to one another and equidistant from said casting direction, and said pairs of second bars being arranged alternatively on two second planes parallel to one another and equidistant from the casting direction, said second planes being substantially perpendicular to said first planes in order to give the table a predetermined torsional and lateral stiffness around the casting direction and to allow the oscillation of the crystalliser in the casting direction only.
The greater constructive simplicity is also obtained by means of a device for clamping the crystalliser-holder device, known as "cartridge", to said oscillating table. Said crystalliser-holder device, incorporating a crystalliser, comprising at one end thereof a structure forming a manifold for the feeding and distribution of at least one cooling fluid of the crystalliser, characterised by the fact of providing hydraulic means for clamping said crystalliser-holder device to the mobile structure of the oscillating table. Advantageously, the particular configuration of the crystalliser centring and guiding

elements, preferably pairs of elastic bars of a round or flattened shape, allows an
optima! guiding of its oscillation exclusively in the casting direction, excluding any
roll movements around axes perpendicular to the casting axis that could be
generated by a torsion moment, thanks to the combined action of tie-rods and
struts working in bending.
Furthermore, such bars make it possible to obtain high lateral stiffness of the
entire.mobile structure, including the crystalliser-holder device.
The oscillating table of the invention, in addition to guaranteeing a very high
torsional and lateral stiffness, also makes it possible to obtain the following
advantages:
- a low inertia as the organs in movement and weight thereof are reduced to a minimum;
- a low overall weight that is equal to about only 1600 kg , excluding the electromagnetic stirrer which is fixed statically, and is therefore a substantially halved weight with respect to the mobile part of a traditional table;
- the possibility of operating with wider oscillations than those of tables with membranes, wherein the stroke of the membranes is limited by the yield point thereof;
- the possibility of oscillating in curve following an arc with a circumference corresponding to a predetermined radius-, i.e. of housing curvilinear crystallisers, thanks to the possibility of installing part of the guiding elements in a inclined way with respect to a horizontal plane with a common axis of rotation;
- the possibility of optionally installing the stirrer inside the structure, envisaged for example in the case of the production of special and quality steel products, protecting it at the same time from any possibility of damage, for example from a high heat load, from the leakage of liquid steel, etc.;
- the possibility of an extremely rapid replacement of the crystalliser, when
necessary due to wear or format changes, thanks to the hydraulic brackets
clamping system placed at the summit of the table.
A further advantage is represented by the fact that the hydraulic movement cylinders are connected to the structure with interlocking leaf-springs and not with pins or other mechanical organs, for example bearings or joints, which would involve maintenance operations. The complete absence of rotating organs in the

oscillating table thus makes it possible to eliminate all the undesired movements
due to the clearances, the value of which would be amplified over time, given the
high oscillation frequencies.
The oscillating table of the invention provides the housing of a straight or curved
crystalliser, provided with longitudinal cooling holes made in the thickness, which
permits minor deformations of the walls thereof, caused by the pressure of the
cooling fluid that flows inside the holes, and therefore a greater overall stiffness.
Advantageously, the feeding manifold of said fluid, being part of the crystaliiser-
holder device, is fixed to the table by means of said hydraulic brackets: the
presence of fixing screws and bolts is therefore reduced to a minimum, if not
eliminated, and the replacement time is reduced to a minimum. Therefore, v/ith
respect to the solutions of the known art, the cooling water advantageously does
not negatively influence the dynamics of the organs in movement.
The dependent claims describe preferred embodiments of the invention.
Brief Description of the Figures
Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will be further evident in
view of the detailed description of a preferred, though not exclusive, embodiment
of ari oscillating table, such as illustrated by way of a non limiting example with the
aid of the appended drawings wherein:
Fig. 1 illustrates a vertical section of the oscillating table according to the
invention;
Fig. 2 illustrates a section along the A-A plane of the plane view of the oscillating
table of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 illustrates a vertical section of a variant of the oscillating table according to
the invention;
Fig. 4 illustrates a vertical section of a first embodiment of a component of the
oscillating table of Fig. 1;
Fig. 5a illustrates a vertical section of a second embodiment of a component of
the oscillating table of Fig. 4;
Fig. 5b illustrates a variant of the second embodiment of the component in Fig. 4.
Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments of the Invention
Fig. 1 illustrates an oscillating table, globally indicated with the reference 1, which
presents an external load-bearing structure 10 or first support structure, fixed to

the ground. A second intermediate support structure 20, suited to housing a tubular crystaliiser 30 contained in a crystaliiser-holder device or cartridge 34 provided with a manifold 7 for feeding and distributing at least one cooling fluid of the crystaliiser, cooperates with the external load-bearing structure 10. Crystaliiser 30 and manifold 7 are solidarily joined by an upper closing flange 38. The oscillation movement at the second structure 20 and, therefore, at the crystaliiser-holder device 34 containing the crystaliiser 30 is given by an oscillation control, comprising for example a pair of hydraulic actuation means 3, such as cylinders. These hydraulic actuation means 3 are connected to the ground with interlocking leaf-springs and are connected at the other end thereof to the second structure 20, as a mobile element, again with an interlocking leaf-spring. As in such an oscillation control there is a complete absence of bearings, pins, joints or other mechanical organs, one eliminates the clearances of such components, which are notoriously subject to wear, entailing frequent maintenance operations. In order to avoid deviations of the crystaliiser 30 from the desired trajectory, preferably that one along the casting direction or axis X defined by the crystaliiser 30, there are provided elastic guiding elements 11, 11', 12, 12' of the second structure 20 housing in the central cavity thereof the-crystalliser-holder device 34, closely fastened thereto through hydraulic brackets 15 or other mechanical means.
Such guiding elements 11, 11', 12, 12', for example in the form of interlocking round or flattened elastic bars, are arranged as illustrated, for example, in figures 1 and 2.
In this preferred embodiment, such elastic guiding elements advantageously comprise four pairs of first elastic bars 11, 11' and four pairs of second elastic bars 12, 12'. The number of pairs of the first and second bars may also be different but is, in any case, an even number.
The four pairs of the first elastic bars 11, 11' are arranged in pairs respectively on two first vertical planes parallel to one another and to the casting axis X and equidistant from said axis. Similarly, the four pairs of the second elastic bars 12, 12' are arranged in pairs respectively on two second vertical planes parallel to one another and to the casting axis X and equidistant from said axis; said second planes being substantially perpendicular to said first planes.

The bars 11, 11', 12, 12', such as for example round bars or bars of other
substantially flattened shape sections, such as for example rectangular, at a first
end thereof are fixed to the second support structure 20 of the crystaillser-holder
device 34, i.e. to the mobile part of the oscillating table, and at a second end
thereof they are fixed to the outer load-bearing structure 10 or first support
structure.
The systems for fixing the bars to the support structure 20 are constituted, for
example, by brackets welded to said structure that present passing holes in which
the bars are inserted; the ends of such bars are threaded and their locking on the
brackets takes place by means of nuts.
The fixing of the bars to the outer load-bearing structure 10 can be performed with
similar systems, i.e. by means of introduction of the threaded end of the bars into
the thickness of the structure and locking thereof with nuts.
On each of these first and second vertical planes, the distance between the upper
pair of bars, arranged in proximity of the crystalliser head, and the lower pair,
arranged in the proximity of the crystalliser feet, is advantageously the same. The
first elastic bars 11, 11' are parallel to one another, as are the second elastic bars
12, 12'.
The elastic bars are arranged so as to be stiff to bending in the transverse
directions with respect to the casting direction X or the oscillating direction and
flexible in direction X only.
One embodiment provides the use of leaf-springs or similar springs as elastic
guiding elements of the crystalliser 30.
Advantageously, the fact that on each of said first and second vertical planes each
of the elastic bars of each pair presents the first end fixed to the mobile part of the
table and the second end fixed to the fixed part in the opposite way with respect to
the corresponding ends of the immediately adjacent bar of the same pair, together
with the fact that the arrangement of the pairs of the corresponding bars
respectively on the first and second planes is asymmetrical with respect to the
casting direction or axis X (as shown for example by observing the bars 12, 12' in
Fig. 1 or in Fig. 2), makes the oscillation of the crystalliser 30 only possible along
the direction of the casting axis X.
In fact, such configuration of the pairs of elastic bars 11, 11', 12, 12' makes it

possible to contrast each torsion moment that could occur parallel to the casting direction X. According to the sense of this torsion moment, half of the bars will be subject to traction, acting as tie-rods, whereas the other half will be subject to compression, acting as struts.
A second embodiment of the oscillating table, object of this invention, provides the housing of curved crystallisers inside the second support structure 20. One example of this table is illustrated in Fig. 3. In this case, there are provided advantageously on the two first vertical planes two pairs of first elastic guiding elements 35, 35', for example in the form of interlocking elastic rounded or flattened elastic bars, each pair having a predetermined inclination, equal in absolute value but opposite sign to the other pair, with respect to a horizontal plane perpendicular to casting direction X. On each first vertical plane the two pairs of first elastic bars 35, 35' respectively have an ideal intersection point 37 that defines a common centre of rotation. The two centres of rotation are arranged on an axis of rotation lying on said horizontal plane and perpendicular to casting direction or axis X in order to allow the oscillating movement of the table by following a circumference arc corresponding to a predetermined radius of curvature.
In general, the pairs of the first elastic bars 35, 35' on each first vertical plane are not parallel to one another, they may present different inclinations to one another and their ideal intersection point defines an ideal common centre of rotation. Similarly to the first embodiment, there are provided four pairs of the second elastic bars 36, 36', arranged in pairs respectively on two second vertical planes parallel to one another and to the casting axis X and equidistant from said axis; said second planes being substantially perpendicular to said first planes. The second elastic bars 36, 36', unlike the first bars 35, 35', are arranged horizontally and are all parallel to one another.
Also In this embodiment, the fact that on each of said first and second vertical planes each of the elastic bars of each pair presents the first end fixed to the mobile part of the table and the second end fixed to the fixed part in the opposite way with respect to the corresponding ends of the immediately adjacent bar of the same pair, together with the fact that the arrangement of the pairs of corresponding bars respectively on the first and second planes is asymmetrical

with respect to the casting direction or axis X , makes the oscillation of the
crystalliser 30 only possible along the direction of the casting axis X, following a
circumference arc corresponding to a predetermined radius of curvature,
substantially equal to the radius of curvature of the curved crystalliser or of a
different value.
In both embodiments of the oscillating table of the invention, the use of
considerably simplified elastic guiding elements and the particular configuration
thereof thus allows a very high guiding precision of the crystalliser and a
considerable reduction in the oscillation marks on the cast product.
The oscillating table object of the invention also allows, thanks to the
improvements described above, a greater compactness and constructive
simplicity and an operation at oscillation frequencies of over 6Hz, higher than the
normal frequencies equal to 4Hz.
Given the compactness and the lower weight of the mobile part of the invention
table it is not necessary to provide further elastic means, for example compression
or air or leaf-springs, with the function of lightening the weight of the structure
thereof.
In the case of the production of cast products, for example, made of special steels
and quality steels there is provided the use of an eiectromagnetic stirrer 4,
arranged between the external load-bearing structure 10 and the intermediate
support structure 20 and advantageously protected from the heat load. The overall
weight of the oscillating table, without the stirrer 4, is approximately 1600 kg,
approximately half that of a traditional oscillating table.
Further advantages of the oscillating table of the invention derive from the fact of
being able to house with a simple operation the tubular crystalliser 30, straight or
curved, in the second support structure 20.
In fact, the crystalliser-holder device 34 is fixed to the oscillating table 1, together
with a ring-shaped manifold 7 for the feeding of the cooling fluids, obtained by
melting or by means of a welded structure and that surrounds the crystalliser
head, thanks to the surface 60 that acts as a rest to the support structure 20 and
by means of hydraulic brackets 15.
Said crystalliser 30, which is preferably monolithic, is provided with longitudinal
cooling holes 5 produced in the thickness; this makes it possible to obtain smaller

wall deformations, thanks to the pressure of the cooling fluid that runs inside the
holes 5, and therefore a greater stiffness. This greater stiffness also determines a
better heat exchange between the walls of the crystalliser and the liquid steel thus
obtaining a lesser rhomboidity of the cast product and a better external superficial
quality thereof; this type of crystalliser construction is also able to maintain its
taper over time.
The longitudinal cooling holes 5, said cooling known as primary, being close to the
inner walls 6 of the crystalliser, permit an excellent heat exchange and, therefore,
the transfer of the heat of the liquid metal, inside of the crystalliser, towards the
outside. The longitudinal holes 5 are preferably arranged parallel to one another
and to casting direction or axis X.
The primary cooling fluid, generally water, is introduced into the holes 5 from the
top towards the bottom through a first feeding chamber 31 of the ring-shaped
manifold 7, fed by hoses not shown. The feeding from the top towards the bottom
allows a better heat exchange in the top part of the crystalliser.
The inner wall of the crystalliser-holder device 34 and the external wall of the
crystalliser 30 advantageously define a duct 5' for the re-ascent of the primary
cooling fluid, said duct communicating with the holes or channels 5 in
correspondence with the foot of the crystalliser 30.
Advantageously, the ring-shaped manifold 7 also comprises the return circuit
chamber 32. of the primary cooling fluid and a second feeding chamber 33 of the
secondary cooling fluid, preferably untreated water, that goes to feed the sprays
40, arranged in correspondence with the rollers 50 at the foot of the crystalliser 30,
crossing a further duct or several ducts 5", made in the thickness of the
crystalliser-holder device 34, in order to cool the billet immediately upon exiting the
crystalliser. The same water cools said rollers at the foot also outside.
The presence of the three-chambered manifold 7 and the relative holes or ducts
made in the thickness of the crystalliser walls and of the crystalliser-holder device
allow a further compactness of the entire oscillating table and a reduction in
weight of the intermediate support structure 20, and therefore a lower inertia of the
mobile part of the table.
Preferably the chambers 31, 32, 33 are arranged inside the ring-shaped manifold
7 in a concentric way with respect to said casting direction. On a plane

perpendicular to casting direction X the crystaliiser 30 may have, for example, a circular or square or rectangular or other form.
The oscillating, table of the invention may advantageously house other embodiments of the crystalliser-holder device 34, illustrated in Figures 5a and 5b. The crystalliser-holder device illustrated in Fig. 5a is provided with a cooling fluid feeding manifold 7, preferably but not necessarily ring-shaped, comprising only the primary cooling fluid feeding chamber 31 and the return circuit chamber 32 of said fluid. In addition to the longitudinal holes or channels 5 made in the thickness of the crystaliiser 30, only one or more ducts 5' are provided in the cartridge 34 for the re-ascent of the primary cooling fluid. Also in this case, in fact, the longitudinal holes 5 are communicating with the duct 5' in correspondence with the foot of the crystaliiser 30.
Advantageously, the secondary cooling, i.e. the cooling with untreated water of the continuous ingot upon exiting the crystaliiser and the rollers 50 at the foot, is made by means of one or more external water feeding: manifolds, arranged in correspondence with the lower end of the crystaliiser.
A first variant illustrated in Fig. 5a provides an external manifold 70 fixed to the external support structure 10, fixed to the ground, of an oscillating table in which the crystalliser-holder device is housed. in this first embodiment, the external manifold is constituted by a ring-shaped chamber 70 fed with a pressurised cooling fluid, generally untreated water, by tubes 80. In the internal part thereof, said ring-shaped chamber 70 is provided with a plurality of holes 100 suited to generating jets of said fluid towards the rollers 50 at the foot and the continuous ingot.
One second variant, illustrated in Fig. 5b, on the other hand, provides tubes 80' that feed ring-shaped manifolds 90 that in turn feed spray nozzles 200, arranged in correspondence with the rollers 50 at the foot of the crystaliiser 30. Advantageously, this second embodiment of the crystalliser-holder device in its two variants makes it possible to obtain a greater compactness of the manifold 7, a reduction of the overall dimensions and a greater constructive simplicity of the crystalliser-holder device, as fewer seals are needed, and a lower overall weight of the cartridge-crystalliser complex. This secondary cooling system, in both the variant with spray nozzles and in the

perforated chamber variant, is fixed to the fixed support structure of the oscillating table and therefore it does not oscillate with the rest of the ingot mould, thus reducing the inertia of the mobile part made to oscillate by the table. A further advantage is represented by the fact that such extemal secondary cooling system is not replaced together with the crystalliser and can be used for all cast sections.

CLAIMS
1. Oscillating table comprising
- a mobile structure (20), inserted into a support structure (10) fastened to the ground, the mobile structure (20) comprising a crystalliser (30) defining a casting direction (X) and suited to being guided in an oscillation by first elastic means (11, 11', 35, 35', 12, 12', 36, 36'), arranged transverse to the casting direction,
- actuation means (3), suited to transmitting alternating impulses in a direction substantially vertical to the crystalliser (30), in order to cause the oscillation motion thereof,
characterised by the fact that said first elastic means comprise an even number of pairs of first elastic bars (11, 11', 35, 35') and an even number of pairs of second elastic bars (12, 12', 36, 36'), said pairs of first bars being arranged alternatively on two first planes parallel to one another and equidistant from said casting direction (X), and said pairs of second bars being arranged alternatively on two second planes parallel to one another and equidistant from the casting direction (X), said second planes being substantially perpendicular to said first planes in order to give the table a predetermined torsional and lateral stiffness around the casting direction and to allow the oscillation of the crystalliser (30) in the casting direction (X) only
2. Oscillating table according to claim 1, wherein each of the elastic bars of each
pair provides a first end fixed to the mobile structure (20) and a second end fixed
to the support structure (10), in the opposite way to the corresponding ends of the
other bar of the same pair.
3. Oscillating table according to claim 2, wherein the arrangement of the pairs of first and second bars respectively corresponding to the first and to the second planes is asymmetrical with respect to the casting direction (X).
4. Oscillating table according to claim 3, wherein there are provided second elastic means connecting the actuation means (3) to the ground.
5. Oscillating table according to claim 4, wherein the crystalliser (30) is housed inside a crystalliser-holder device (34) fixed to the mobile structure (20) by means of a fixing device comprising hydraulic brackets (15).
6. Oscillating table according to claim 5, wherein the even number of pairs of first and second elastic bars is equal to four.

7. Oscillating table according to claim 6, wherein the pairs of the first elastic bars (11,11') are parallel to one another.
8. Oscillating table according to claim 6, wherein the pairs of the first elastic bars (35, 35') on each first vertical plane are not parallel to one another, and their ideal intersection point (37) defines a common ideal centre of rotation.
9. Oscillating table according to any one of the claims from 1 to 8, wherein said
elastic bars (11, 11', 35, 35', 12, 12', 36, 36') have a round section.
10. Oscillating table according to any one of the claims from 1 to 8, wherein said
elastic bars (11, 11', 35, 35', 12, 12', 36, 36') have a flattened rectangular section.
11. Device for fixing a crystalliser-holder device (34) to an oscillating table
according to claim 1, said crystalliser-holder device (34) incorporating a crystalliser
(30) and comprising in correspondence with one end thereof a casing (7) for the
feeding of at least one crystalliser cooling fluid, characterised by the fact of
providing hydraulic fixing means for fixing (15) said crystalliser-holder device (34)
to a mobile structure (20) of the oscillating table.
12. Device according to claim 11, wherein said hydraulic fixing means are
hydraulic brackets (15).