Title of Inveiltion
PANEL
Technical Field
[OOOl]
The present invention relates to a panel, particularly to a panel having a load
point to which a load is applied from the outside.
10
Background Art
[0002]
In recent years, panels used for automobiles and the like are required to be
reduced in weight. An example of a method for weight reduction is to reduce sheet
15 thickness. A reduction in sheet thickness, however, causes a problem in that rigidity
is lowered. Hence, to ensure rigidity without increasing sheet thickness, forming
protrusions and recesses in a panel is proposed. The protrusions and recesses are
required to be formed with a depth as small as possible in order to suppress
interference with other components.
20 [0003]
JP 5218633B discloses a panel having a plurality of protrusions and a
plurality of recesses. Each protrusion has a flat top face. Each recess has a flat
bottom face. The protrusions and the recesses are alternately arranged in rows and
columns.
25 [0004]
JP 2012-148290A discloses a sheet material having protrusions and recesses.
In this sheet material, many imaginary squares are combined vertically and
horizontally to form a sheet surface, and the sheet surface has a protrusion-and-recess
pattern. A basic configuration, where first and second regions are formed in the
30 imaginary square, and more than one of various basic configurations derived from
the basic configuration are butted together at their peripheral edges such that the first
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regions are butted together and the second regions are butted together; thus, an entire
configuration of the sheet surface is obtained. l h e sheet material is configured in a
manner that the protrusion-and-recess pattern is formed over the entire sheet surface
by upwardly raising the first regions and downwardly recessing the second regions.
5 [0005]
JP 2009-286249A discloses a floor panel provided with a protrusion. In
the protrusion, triangular flat surfaces are combined to have an angle. A flat surface
is formed around the protrusion.
[0006]
10 JP 2006-297966A discloses a floor structure of a vehicle body. This floor
structure includes a floor panel. The floor panel is provided with beads. The
beads have a concentric arc shape whose center is a portion where a side sill and a
cross-member intersect each other.
Citation List
Patent Literature
[0007]
Patent Literature 1 : JP 5218633B
Patent Literature 2: JP 2012-148290A
20 Patent Literature 3: JP 2009-286249A
Patent Literature 4: JP 2006-297966A
Summary of Invention
~echnicaPl roblem
25 [0008]
:! . The above panels include a panel on whicka heavy object is placed, such as
: . a floor panel of an automobile. Such a panel needs high surface rigidity. Here,
surface rigidity indicates a degree to which a surface can withstand, without bending,
a force pressing the surface. The present inventors studied the surface rigidity of
30 the panels having protrusions and recesses described in the above cited literatures.
The results revealed that none of the panels were adequate in improving surface
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rigidity. Specifically, siuce the protrusions and recesses fornled in the panels
described in the above cited literatures are not designed in consideration of a point to
which a load is applied, improvement in surface rigidity is not adequate.
[OOO9]
5 The present invention has been made in view of the above problem, and an
object of the present invention is to provide a panel whose surface rigidity can be
improved appropriately in accordance with a load.
Solution to Problem
10 [OOlO]
According to an aspect of the present invention in order to achieve the
above-mentioned object, there is provided a panel including: a load point to which a
load is applied from the outside; and a protrusion that protrudes from a surface of the
panel and is formed continuously or discontinuously around the load point. The
15 protrusion intersects, at a plurality of positions, each of a plurality of virtual straight
lines extending radially from the load point.
[OOll]
The load point may be a junction with another member.
[OO12]
20 The panel may include a plurality of the load points. At least one of
density, a formation range, and a cross-sectional shape of the protrusion may differ in
accordance with an assumed load applied to the load point.
[OO13]
At a boundary portion where the protrusions formed around the
25 corresponding plurality of load points intersect each other, side faces of the
... protrusions may be continuous via a curved surface.
[00 141 :~ .
A ridge line of the protrusion may perpendicularly intersect the plurality of
virtual straight lines.
30 [OO15]
The plurality of virtual straight lines may be straight lines connecting the
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load point and a plurality of vertices of the panel.
[0016]
The protrusion may include a top face parallel to the surface of the panel.
PO 171
5 The protrusion may include a plurality of ring-shaped protrusions formed
concentrically. The center of the ring-shaped protrusion may coincide with the load
point.
[00 1 81
The protrusion may include a spiral-shaped protrusion whose base point is
10 the load point.
[0019]
The panel may be made of a steel sheet.
[0020]
The panel may be a floor panel of an automobile.
Advantageous Effects of Invention
[0021]
According to a panel of the present invention, surface rigidity can be
improved appropriately in accordance with a load.
20
Brief Description of Drawings
[0022]
[FIG. 11 FIG. 1 is a plan view of a panel according to a firs1 e~nbodiment.
[FIG. 21 FIG. 2 is a 11-11 cross-sectional view of FIG. 1.
- 25 [FIG. 31 FIG 3 is a plan view of a panel according to a second embodiment.
1 .. [FIG. 41 FIG. 4 is a IV-IV cross-sectional view of FIG. 3.
. . [FIG. 51 FIG. 5 is a plan view of a panel according. to a third embodiment.
[FIG. 61 FIG. 6 is a VI-VI cross-sectional view of FIG. 5.
[FIG. 71 FIG. 7 is a plan view of a panel according lo a fourth embodime~~t.
30 [FIG. 81 FIG. 8 is a VIII-VIII cross-sectional view of FIG. 7.
[FIG. 91 FIG. 9 is a plan view of a panel according to a fifth embodiment.
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[FIG. 101 FIG. 10 is a X-X cross-sectional view of FIG. 9.
[FIG. 111 FIG. 11 is a plan view of a panel according to a sixth embodiment.
[FIG. 121 FIG. 12 is a XII-XI1 cross-sectional view of FIG. 11.
[FIG. 131 FIG. 13 is a plan view of a panel according to a seventh embodiment.
5 [FIG. 141 FIG. 14 is a XIV-XIV cross-sectional view of FIG 13.
[FIG. 151 FIG. 15 is a plan view of a panel according to an eighth embodiment.
[FIG. 161 FIG. 16 is a XVI-XVI cross-sectional view of FIG. 15.
[FIG. 171 FIG. 17 is a plan view for describing circumferential lengths of protrusions.
[FIG. 181 FIG. 18 is a plan view of a panel according to a ninth embodiment.
10 [FIG. 191 FIG. 19 is a XVI-XVI cross-sectional view of FIG. 17.
[FIG. 201 FIG. 20 is a plan view of a panel according to a tenth embodiment.
[FIG. 211 FIG 21 is an explanatoly diagram illustrating a modification of the tenth
embodiment.
[FIG. 221 FIG. 22 is a plan view of a panel according to an eleventh embodiment.
15 [FIG. 231 FIG. 23 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a modification of the
eleventh embodiment.
[FIG. 241 FIG. 24 is a plan view of a panel according to a twelfth embodiment.
[FIG. 251 FIG. 25 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a protrusion of a panel
according to Comparative Example 1.
20 [FIG. 261 FIG. 26 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a protrusion of a panel
according to Comparative Example 2.
[FIG. 271 FIG. 27 is a graph showing results of FEM analysis of surface rigidity for
Conlparative Examples 1 and 2 and Examples 1 to 9, and shows the results when a
range of load application has a 20-mm-square square shape.
25 [FIG. 281 FIG. 28 is a graph showing results of FEM analysis of surface rigidity for
Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and Examples 1 to 9, and shows the results when a
range of load application has a 50-mm-square square shape.
[FIG. 291 FIG. 29 is a graph showing results of FEM analysis of surface rigidity for
Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and Examples 1 to 9, and shows the results when a
30 range of load application has a 100-mm-square square shape.
[FIG. 301 FIG. 30 is a graph showing results of FEM analysis of surface rigidity for
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Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and Examples 1 to 9, and shows the results when a
range of load application has a 150-mm-square square shape.
[FIG. 3 11 FIG. 3 1 is a graph showing results of FEM analysis of surface rigidity for
Comparative Example 1, Example 1, and Example 8, and shows the results when a
5 range of load application has a 20-mm-square square shape.
[FIG. 321 FIG. 32 is a graph showing results of FEM analysis of surface rigidity for
Comparative Example 1, Example 1, and Example 8, and shows the results when a
range of load application has a 50-mm-square square shape.
[FIG. 331 FIG. 33 is a graph showing results of FEM analysis of surface rigidity for
10 Comparative Example 1, Example 1, and Example 8, and shows the results when a
range of load application has a 100-mm-square square shape.
[FIG. 341 FIG. 34 is a graph showing results of FEM analysis of surface rigidity for
Comparative Example 1, Example 1, and Example 8, and shows the results when a
range of load application has a 150-mm-square square shape.
15
Description of Embodiments
[0023]
Hereinafter, (a) preferred embodiment(s) of the present invention will be
described in detail with reference to the appended drawings. In this specification
20 and the drawings, elements that have substantially the same function and structure
are denoted with the same reference signs, and repeated explanation is omitted.
Note that, in this description and the drawings, structural elements that have
substantially the same function and structure are sometimes distinguished from each
other using different alphabets after the same reference sign. Howevel; when there
25 is no need in particular to distinguish structural elements that have substantially the
same function and structure, the same reference sign alone is attached. *I
[0024]
<>
A panel 10 according to a first embodiment will he described with reference
30 to FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 1 is a plan view of the panel 10. FIG. 2 is a 11-11 crosssectional
view of FIG. 1.
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[0025]
<1 -1. Overall configuration of panel>
The panel 10 has a square shape in a planar view. In other words, the
panel 10 has, in a planar view, four vertices V11, V12, V13, and V14 and four sides
5 SIl,S12,S13,andS14. ThesideS11connectsthevei-texV11andthevertexV12.
The side S12 connects the vertex V12 and the vertex V13. The side S13 connects
the vertex V13 and the vertex V14. The side S14 connects the vertex V14 and the
vertex V11. This panel 10 includes a load point PI,, a reinforced section 12, and a
peripheral edge 14.
10 [0026]
The panel 10 is, for example, a support plate that supports a heavy object.
Specific examples are a floor panel for an automobile, a trunk lid inner panel, a floor
for a building material, a support plate used for a copying machine or a refrigerator,
and a casing of an attache case. A material of the panel 10 may be, for example, a
15 metal (e.g., steel, aluminum alloy, titanium, or stainless steel) or a synthetic resin.
In the case where the panel 10 is made of a metal, the panel 10 is produced by press
working, for example. Improving the formability of the panel 10 by heating, as in
warm forming or hot stamping, facilitates forming by press working. In the case
where the panel 10 is made of a synthetic resin, the panel 10 is produced by injection
20 molding, for example.
100271
The reinforced,section 12 as a whole has, in a planar view, a square shape
one size smaller than that of the panel 10. The peripheral edge 14 is formed around
thc reinforced section 12. The panel 10 is attached to another member at the
25 peripheral edge 14. Specifically, for example, the panel 10 is attached to another
member at positions o6the peripheral edge 14 that conespond to the four corners of
the panel 10.
[0028]
The reinforced section 12 is provided with a plurality of protrusions 16
30 around the load point PL. The plurality of protrusions 16 include a first protrusion
161, a plurality (two in the present embodiment) of second protrusions 162, and a
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plurality (four in the present embodiment) of third protrusions 163. Note that the
numbers of the second protrusions 162 and the third protrusions 163 are set
appropriately in consideration of at least surface rigidity against an assumed load
applied to the load point PI,, as will be described later,
6 [0029]
The planar shape of the panel 10 is not particularly limited, and may be any
of various shapes. The planar shape of the panel 10 may be, instead of a square, a
rectangle or a rectangle having one of its four corners cut off.
[0030]
10 11 -2. Load point>
The load point PL indicates a position where a load is applied to the panel 10
from the outside. In this specification, a load applied to the panel 10 means a load
that is applied to the panel 10 from a direction intersecting a plane along which the
panel 10 extends. Accordingly, the load point Pi. does not include a position where
15 a load is applied to the panel 10 from a direction along the plane along which the
panel 10 extends.
[003 11
The load point PL is typically configured as a junction with another member.
For example, in the case where the panel 10 is a floor panel of a vehicle,.a joint
20 position of a support member on which a seat in a cabin is placed may serve as the
load point PL. In such an example, the load point PL of the floor panel is provided
with a tapped hole, and the support member is joined to the floor panel with a bolt,
etc. Thus, in the floor panel, a load is applied lo the load point PL. -
[0032]
25 A method for joining another member to the load point PL of the panel 10 is
not limited to thdZmethod using a bolt, etc., and may be joining by weldirjg or joining
by using an adhesive. Moreover, another member need not be joined to the load
point PL of the panel 10. For example, the panel 10 and another member may come
into contact at the load point PI, to cause a load to be applied to the load point PL,
30 [0033]
<1-3. First protrusion>
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The first protrusion 161 protrudes from a surface 101 of the panel 10. The
panel 10 has, at a position where the first protrusion 161 is formed, a recess opening
toward the rear surface side. The recess has a shape corresponding to the first
protrusion 161. The first protrusion 161 is formed concentrically with the load
5 point PL of the panel 10 in a planar view. The first protrusion 161 includes a top
face 18 and a side face 20.
[0034]
The top face 18 has a circular shape in a planar view. As viewed from the
thickness direction of the panel 10, the center of the top face 18 coincides with the
10 load point PL. The top face 18 is away from the surface 101 in the thickness
direction of the panel 10. The top face 18 is parallel to the surface 101. The
protrusion height of the first protrusion 161, i.e., the distance between the top face 18
and the surface 101 in the thickness direction of the panel 10, is 0.5 to 50 mm, for
example. The protrusion height of the first protrusion 161 is set appropriately in
15 consideration of at least surface rigidity against an assumed load applied to the load
point PI,, as will be described later.
[0035]
The side face 20 has a circular ring shape in a planar view. The inner
circumferential edge of the side face 20 is farther from the surface 101 than the outer
20 circumferential edge of the side face 20 is. The inner circumferential edge of the
side face 20 is connected to the edge of the top face 18. The outer circuruferential
edge of the side face 20 is connected to the surface 101. Surface rigidity increases
as an inclination angle 6' of the side face 20 with respect to the surface 101 becomes
larger. However, local sheet thickness reduction or cracking becomes more likely
25 to occur during forming as the inclination angle O of the side face 20 with respect to
the surfaces 101 becomes larger. The inclination angle B is set-appropriately in
consideration of at least surface ~igiditya gainst an assumed load applied to the load
point PL, as will be described later. On that occasion, ease of forming of a material
may also be taken into consideration. In the case of a steel material, the inclination
30 anglc 0 is preferably 15 to 60 degrees, further preferably 45 degrees.
[0036]
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A ridge line 181 formed as the boundary between the top face 18 and the
side face 20 has a circular shape in a planar view. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the ridge
line 181 intersects four virtual straight lines L11, L12, L13, and L14 perpendicularly.
The virtual straight line Lll connects the load point PL and the vertex V11 in a
5 planar view. The virtual straight line L12 connects the load point PL and the vertex
V12 in a planar view. The virtual straight line L13 connects the load point PL and
the vertex V13 in a planar view. The virtual straight line L14 connects the load
point PL and the vertex V14 in a planar view. In other words, the four virtual
straight lines L11, L12, L13, and L14 extend radially from the load point PI>.
10 Although not shown, the ridge line 181 perpendicularly intersects all of the virtual
straight lines extending radially from the load point PL.
[0037]
11-4. Second protrusion>
The two second protrusions 162 each protrude from the surface 101. The
15 two second protrusions 162 each have a circular ring shape in a planar view. The
two second protrusions 162 are formed concentrically with respect to the load point
PL. The panel 10 has, at a position where the second protrusion 162 is formed, a
recess opening toward the rear surface side. The recess has a shape corresponding
to the second protrusion 162. Hereinafter, one of the two second protrusions 162
20 that is closer to the load point PL will be called a first ring-shaped protrusion 22, and
one of the two second protrusions 162 that is farther from the load point PI. will be
called a second ring-shaped protrusion 24.
[0038]
11-4-1. First ring-shaped protrusion>
25 The first ring-shaped protrusion 22 includes a top face 26, a sidc face 28,
and aside face 30. The top face 26 has a circular ring shapein a planar vicw. The
inner diameter of the top face 26 is larger than the diameter of the top face 18. As
viewed from the thickness direction of the panel 10, the center of the top face 26
coincides with the load point PL. The top face 26 is away from the surface 101 in
30 the thickness direction of the panel 10. The top face 26 is parallel to the surface
101. The protrusion height of the first ring-shaped protrusion 22, i.e., the distance
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hetwecn the top face 26 and the surface 101 in the thickness direction of the panel 10,
is 0.5 to 50 mm, for example. The protrusion height of the first ring-shaped
protrusion 22 may be the same as or different from the protrusion height of the first
protrusion 161. The protrusion height of the first ring-shaped protrusion 22 is set
5 appropriately in consideration of at least surface rigidity against an assumed load
applied to the load point PL, as will be described later.
[0039]
The side face 28 is located closer to the load point PI, than the top face 26 is.
The side face 28 has a circular ring shape in a planar view.. The outer
10 circumferential edge of the side face 28 is farther from the surface I01 than the inner
circumferential edge of the side face 28 is. The inner circumferential edge of the
side face 28 is connected to the surface 101. The outer circumferential edge of the
side face 28 is connected to the inner circumferential edge of the top face 26. An
inclination angle B ofthe side face 28 with respect to the surface 101 is set similarly
15 to the inclination angle 0 of the side face 20. The inclination angle 0 of the side
face 28 with respect to the surface 101 may be the same as or different from the
inclination angle 0 of the side face 20. The inclination angle B of the side face 28
with respect to the surface 101 is set appropriately in consideration of at least surface
rigidity against an assumed load applied to the load point PL, as will be described
20 later. On that occasion, the distance from the load point PL and ease of forming of a
material may also be taken into consideration.
[0040]
A ridge line 261 formed as the boundary between the top face 26 and the
side face 28 has a circular shape in a planar view. The ridge line 261 has a larger
25 diameter than the ridge line 181. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the ridge line 261
..intersects the four virtual straight lines L11, L12, L+3; and L14 perpendicularly.
Although not shown, the ridge line 261 perpendicularly intersects all of the virtual
straight lines extending radially from the load point PI,.
[0041]
30 The side face 30 is farther from the load point PI, than the top face 26 is.
The side face 30 has a circular ring shape in a planar view. The inner
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circumferential edge of the side face 30 is farther from thc surface 101 than thc outer
circumferential edge of the side face 30 is. The inner circumferential edge of the
side face 30 is connected to the outer circumferential edge of the top face 26. The
outer circumferential edge of the side face 30 is connected to the surface 101. An
inclination angle 0 of the side face 30 with respect to the surface 101 is set similarly
to the inclination angle 0 of the side face 20. The inclination angle H of the side
face 30 with respect to the surface 101 may be the same as or different from the
inclination angles 0 of the side face 20 and the side face 28. The inclination angle H
of the side face 30 with respect to the surface 101 is set appropriately in
consideration of at least surface rigidity against an assumed load applied to the load
point PL, as will be described later. On that occasion, the distance from the load
point PL and ease of forming of a material may also be taken into consideration.
[0042]
A ridge line 262 formed as the boundary between the top face 26 and the
side face 30 has a circular shape in a planar view. The ridge line 262 has a larger
diameter than the ridge line 261. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the ridge line 262
intersects the four virtual straight lines L11, L12, L13, and L14 perpendicularly.
The distance between the ridge line 262 and the ridge line 261, i.e., the width of the
.top face 26, is 0.5 to 50 mm, for example. Although not shown, the ridge line 262
perpendicularly intersects all of the virtual straight lines extending radially from the
load point PL.
[0043]

The second ring-shaped protrusion 24 includes a top face 32, a side face 34,
- and a side face 36. The top face 32 has a circular ring shape in a planar view. As
viewed ikon1 the thickness direction of the panei.10, the center of the top face 32
coincides with the load point PL. The top face 32.i~aw ay from the surface 101 in
the thickness direction of the panel 10. The top face 32 is parallel to the surface
101. The protrusion height of the second ring-shaped protrusion 24, i.e., the
distance between the top face 32 and the surface 101 in the thickness direction of the
panel 10, is 0.5 to 50 nun, for example. The protrusion height of the second ringPCT
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shaped protrusion 24 may be the same as or different from the protrusion heights of
the first protrusion 161 and the first ring-shaped protrusion 22. The protrusion
height of the second ring-shaped protrusion 24 is set appropriately in consideration
of at least surface rigidity against an assumed load applied to the load point PL, as
will be described later.
[0044]
The side face 34 is located closer to the load point PL than the top face 32 is.
The side face 34 has a circular ring shape in a planar view. The outer
circumferential edge of the side face 34 is farther from the surface 101 than the inner
circumferential edge of the side face 34 is. The inner circumferential edge of the
side face 34 is connected to the surface 101. The outer circumferential edge of the
side face 34 is connected to the inner circumferential edge of the top face 32. An
inclination angle B of the side face 34 with respect to the surface 101 is set similarly
to the inclination angle 6' of the side face 20. The inclination angle 0 of the side
face 34 with respect to the surface 101 may be the same as or different from the
inclination angles B of the side face 20, the side face 28, and the side face 30. The
inclination angle 6' of the side face 34 with respect to the surface 101 is set
appropriately in consideration of at least surface rigidity against an assumed load
applied to the load point PL, as will be described later. On that occasion, the
distance from the load point PL and ease of forming of a material may also be taken
into consideration.
[0045]
A ridge line 321 formed as the boundary between the top face 32 and the
side facc 34 has a circular shape in a planar view. The ridge line 321 has a larger
diameter than the ridge line 262. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the ridge line 321
intersects the four virtual straight lines L11, L12, L13, and L14 perpendicularly.
Although not shown, the ridge line 321 perpendicularly intersects all of the virtual
straight lines extending radially from the load point PI,.
[0046]
The side face 36 is farther from the load point PI^ than the top face 32 is.
The side face 36 has a circular ring shape in a planar view. The inner
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circumferential edge of the side face 36 is farther from the surface 101 than the outer
circumferential edge of the side face 36 is. The inner circumferential edge of the
side face 36 is connected to the outer circumferential edge of the top face 32. The
outer circumferential edge of the side face 36 is connected to the surface 101. An
5 inclination angle 0 of the side face 36 with respect to the surface 101 is set similarly
to the inclination angle 0 of the side face 20. The inclination angle 6' of the side
face 36 with respect tothe surface 101 may be the same as or different from the
inclination angles H of the side face 20, the side face 28, the side face 30, and the side
face 34. The inclination angle O of the side face 36 with respect to the surface 101
10 is set appropriately in consideration of at least surface rigidity against an assumed
load applied to the load point PL, as will be described later. On that occasion, the
distance from the load point PI* and ease of fo~mingo f a material may also be taken
into consideration.
[0047]
15 A ridge line 322 formed as the boundary between the top face 32 and the
side face 36 has a circular shape in a planar view. The ridge line 322 has a larger
diameter than the ridge line 321. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the ridge line 322
intersects the four virtual straight lines L11, L12, L13, and L14 perpendicularly.
Although not shown, the ridge line 322 perpendicularly intersects all of the virtual
20 straight lines extending radially from the load point PL.
[0048]
The distance between the ridge line 322 and the ridge line 321, i.e., the
width of the top face 32, is 1 to 50 mm, for example. The width of the top face 32
may be the same as or different from the width of the top face 26.
25 [0049]
4 - 5 . Third protrusion>
The four third protrusions 163 each protrude fi.oni the surface 101. The
four tlurd protrusions 163 each have a substantially triangular shape in a planar view.
' The four third protrusions 163 are located at the four corners of the reinforced
30 section 12. The four third protrusions 163 are located on a circle whose center is
the load point PL. The panel 10 has, at a position where the third protrusioil 163 is
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formed, a recess opening toward the rear surface side. The recess has a shape
corresponding to the third protrusion 163. The four third protrusions 163 each
include a top face 38, a side face 40, and a side face 42.
[0050]
5 The top face 38 has a substantially trapezoidal shape in a planar view. The
top face 32 is away from the surface 101 in the thickness direction of the panel 10.
The top face 38 is parallel to the surface 101. The protrusion height of the third
protrusion 163, i.e., the distance between the top face 38 and the surface 101 in the
thickness direction of the panel 10, is 0.5 to 50 mm, for example. The protrusion
10 height of the third protrusion 163 may be the same as or different from the protrusion
heights of the first protrusion 161, the first ring-shaped protrusion 22, and the second
ring-shaped protrusion 24. The protrusion height of the third protrusion 163 is set
appropriately in consideration of at least surface rigidity against an assumed load
applied to the load point PL, as will be described later.
15 [0051]
The side face 40 is located closer to the load point PL than the top face 38 is.
The side face 40 has a substantially trapezoidal shape in a planar view. The lower
end edge of the side face 40 is connected to the surface 101. The upper end edge of
the side face 40 is connected to the top face 38. An inclination angle 6' of the side
20 face 40 with respect to the surface 101 is set similarly to the inclination angles B of
the side face 20, the side face 28, the side face 30, the side face 34, and the side face
36. The inclination angle B of the side face 40 with lespect to the surface 101 may
be the same as or different from the inclination angles 0 of the side face 20, the side
face 28, the side face 30, the side face 34, and the side face 36. The inclination
25 angle B of the side face 40 with respect to the surface 101 is set appropriately in
consideration of at least surface rigidity against an assumed load applied to the load
point PL, as will be described later. On that occasion, the distance from the load
point PL and ease of forming of a material may also be taken into consideration.
[0052]
30 The side face 42 is farther from the load point PL than the top face 38 is.
The side face 42 has a substantially trapezoidal shape in a planar view. The lower
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end edge of the side face 42 is connected to the surface 101. The upper end edge of
the side face 42 is connected to the top face 38. An inclination angle 0 of the side
face 42 with respect to the surface 101 is set similarly to the inclination angles 6' of
the side face 20, the side face 28, the side face 30, the side face 34, the side face 36,
5 and the side face 40. The inclination angle 0 of the side face 42 with respect to the
surface 101 may be the same as or different from the inclination angles O of the side
face 20, the side face 28, the side face 30, the side face 34, the side face 36, and the
side face 40. The inclination angle 0 of the side face 42 with respect to the surface
101 is set appropriately in consideration of at least surface rigidity against an
10 assumed load applied to the load point PL, as will be described later. On that
occasion, the distance from the load point PL and ease of forming of a material may
also be taken into consideration.
[0053]
At each of the third protrusions 163, a ridge line 381 formed as the
15 boundary between the top face 38 and the side face 40 intersects one of the four
virtual straight lines L11, L12, L13, and L14 perpendicularly. In addition, at each
of the third protrusions 163, a ridge line 382 formed as the boundary between the top
face 38 and the side face 42 intersects one of the four virtual straight lines L11, L12,
L13, and L14 perpendicularly.
20 [0054]
The distance between the ridge line 382 and the ridge line 381, i.e., the
width of the top face 38, is 1 to 50 rnm, for example. The width of the top face 38
may be the same as or different from the widths of the top face 26 and the top face 32.
[0055]
25 4 - 6 . Modes of plurality of protrusions>
In the panel 10 according to the present embodiment, modes of the first
protrusion 161, the second protrusions 162, and the third protrusions 163 are set in
consideration of surface rigidity against an assumed load applied to the load point PL.
[0056]
30 For example, the heights of the first protrusion 161, the second protrusions
162, and the third protrusions 163 may be made larger for lager assuined loads.
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Moreover, the inclination angles B of the side faces 20, 28, 30, 34, 36, 40, and 42
forming the first protrusion 161, the second protrusions 162, and the third protrusions
163 can be made larger for larger assumed loads. The heights of the first protrusion
161, the second protrusions 162, and the third protrusions 163 and the inclination
5 angles 8 of the side faces 20, 28, 30, 34, 36, 40, and 42 are elements of the crosssectional
shapes of the first protrusion 161, the second protrusions 162, and the third
protrusions 163. Such elements of the cross-sectional shapes may have an influence
on the magnitude of the surface rigidity of each of the first protrusion 161, the
second protrusions 162, and the third protrusions 163.
10 [0057]
Larger heights of the first protrusion 161, the second protrusions 162, and
the third protrusions 163 and larger inclination angles B of the side faces 20, 28, 30,
34, 36, 40, and 42 result in difficulty in forming of a material. In particular, in the
case where a sheet material made of a steel material is subjected to press forming,
15 sheet thickness tends to be reduced, and cracking is likely to occur in the sheet
material. In the panel 10, the heights of the first protrusion 161, the second
protrusions 162, and the third protrusions 163 and the inclination angles B of the side
faces 20, 28, 30, 34, 36, 40, and 42 are set in accordance with the magnitude of the
assumed load. Thus, the panel 10 provided with appropriate surface rigidity in
20 accordance with the assumed load can be produced with high yield.
[0058]
In addition, the widths of the top faces 18, 26, 32, and 38 and the inteivals
between the first .protrusion 161, the second protrusions 162, and the third
protrusions 163 may be made smaller for larger assumed loads. The widths of the
25 top faces 18, 26, 32, and 38 and the intervals between the first protrusion 161, the
second protrusions";62, and the third protrusions 163 have an influence on the
density of the protrusions 16 of the panel 10. The density of the protrusions 16 may
have an influence on the magnitude of the surface rigidity of each region of the panel
10.
30 [0059]
Smaller widths of the top faces 18, 26, 32, and 38 and smaller intervals
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between the first protrusion 161, the second protrusions 162, and the third
protrusions 163 result in difficulty in forming of a material. In particulal; in the
case where a sheet material made of a steel material is subjected to press forming,
sheet thickness tends to be reduced, and cracking is likely to occur in the sheet
5 material. In the panel 10, the widths of the top faces 18, 26, 32, and 38 and the
intervals between the first protrusion 161, the second protrusions 162, and the third
protrusions 163 are set in accordance with the magnitude of the assumed load.
Thus, the panel 10 provided with appropriate surface rigidity in accordance with the
assumed load can be produced with high yield.
10 [0060]
The heights of the first protrusion 161, the second protrusions 162, and the
third protrusions 163 may all be the same, or some or all may be different. The
inclination angles 0 of the side faces 20, 28, 30, 34, 36, 40, and 42 forming the first
protrusion 161, the second protrusions 162, and the third protrusions 163 may all be
15 the same, or some or all may be different. Also the widths of the top faces 18, 26,
32, and 38 may all be the same, or some or all may be different. Also the intervals
between the first protrusion 161, the second protrusions 162, and the third
protrusions 163 may all be the same, or some or all may be different.
[0061]
20 The presence or absence of the third protrusions 163 and the number of the
second protrusions 162 may also be set in accordance with the magnitude of the
assumed load. - The presence or absence of the third protrusions 163 and the number
of the second protrusions 162 have an influence on a fo~mation range of the
protrusions 16. The formation range of the protrusions 16 may have an influence
25 on the magnitude of the surface rigidity of the entire panel 10. Changing the
formation railge of the protrusions 16 also allows the panel 10 to hzcve appropriate
surface rigidity in accordance with the assumed load.
[0062]
4 - 7 . Effect of first embodiment>
30 In the above-described panel 10 according to the present embodiment, the
ridge lines 181, 261, 262, 321, 322, 381, and 382 intersect, at a plurality of positions,
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the virtual straight lines Lll, L12, L13, and L14 extending radially from the load
point PL. This increases the moment of inertia of area of a cross section taken along
each of the virtual straight lines L11, L12, L13, and L14. This results in an
improvement in the surface rigidity of the panel 10. In particular, since the plurality
5 of protrusions 16 forming the ridge lines 181, 261, 262, 321, 322, 381, and 382 are
formed around the load point PL serving as the center, the anisotropy of the moment
, of inertia of area with respect to a load can be reduced. This provides appropriate
surface rigidity against the load that the panel 10 may receive.
LO0631
10 In the panel 10, the first ring-shaped protrusion 22, the second ring-shaped
protrusion 24, and the third protrusion 163 have the top faces 26, 32, and 38,
respectively. This increases the number of ridge lines that intersect the virtual
straight lines extending radially from the load point PL. As a result, the moment of
inertia of area is further incfeased, making it easy to provide appropriate surface
15 rigidity against the load that the panel 10 may receive.
100641
In the panel 10, the ridge lines 181, 261, 262, 321, 322, 381, and 382
perpendicularly intersect the virtual straight lines L11, L12, L13, and L14 connecting
the load p0int.P~an d the vertices VI 1, V12, V13, and V14 of the panel 10, out of the
20 virtual straight lines extending radially from the load point PL. This increases the
number of ridge lines that intersect the virtual straight lines L11, L12, L13, and L14
between the load point PL and the vertices V11, V12, V13, and V14. This results in
a fu-ther.increase in the moment of inertia of area of a cross section taken along each
of the virtual straight lines L11, L12, L13, and L14.
25 [0065]
?The shapes of the, protrusions 16 in the panel 10 accmding to the present
embodiment, specifically, the shapes of the ridge lines 181,261,262, 321, 322, 381,
and 382 in a planar view, are not limited to circular shapes. Modifications of
protrusions are described below in second to ninth embodiments.
30 [0066]
<<2. Second embodiment>>
PCT application No.: PCT/JP2015/057467
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A panel 50 according to a second embodiment will be described with
reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the panel 50. FIG. 4 is a IV-
1V cross-sectional view of FIG. 3. The pallel 50 according to the second
embodiment differs from the panel 10 of the first embodiment in a configuration of a
5 plurality of protfusions 52. The configuration of the p~otrusions 52 is mainly
described below; description is given on differences from the protrusions 16 of the
first embodiment.
[0067]
The protrusions 52 include a first protrusion 521 and a plurality (two in the
10 present embodiment) of second protrusions 522. As in the panel 10 of the first
embodiment, the number of the second protrusions 522 is set appropriately in
consideration of at least surface rigidity against an assumed load applied to the load
point PI,.
[0068]
15 <2-1. First protrusion>
The first protrusion 521 protrudes from a surface 501 of the panel 50. The
first protrusion 521 is formed concentrically with the load point PL of the panel 50 in
a planar view. The first protrusion 521 includes a top face 54. The top face 54 has
a square shape in a planar view. As viewed from the. thickness direction of the
20 panel 50, the center of the top face 54 coincides with the load point PL.
[0069]
.. The first protiusion 521 includes a ridge line 541. .. The ridge line 541 has a
square shape in a planar view. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the ridge line 541 intersects
the four virtual straight lines L11, L12, L13, and L14. Although not shown, the
26 ridge line 541 intersects all of the virtual straight lines extending radially fkon~ the
lozd point PL at ansles within a range of 45 to 90 degrees. In other words, acute
angles out of angles formed by the ridge line 541 and the virtual straight lines
extending radially from the load point PL are within a range of 45 to less than 90
degrees.
30 [0070]
<2-2. Second protrusion>
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The two second protrusions 522 cacll protrude from the surface 501. The
two second protrusions 522 each have a square frame shape in a planar view. The
two second protrusions 522 are formed concentrically with respect to ihe load point
PL. Hereinafter, one of the two second protrusions 522 that is closer to the load
5 point PL will be called a first ring-shaped protrusion 56, and one of the two second
protrusions 522 that is farther from the load point PL will be called a second ringshaped
protrusion 58.
/0071]
12-2- 1. First ring-shaped protrusion>
10 The first ring-shaped protrusion 56 includes a top face 60. The top face 60
has a square frame shape in a planar view. The first ring-shaped protrusion 56
includes a ridge line 601 and a ridge line 602. The ridge line 601 is located closer
to the load point PL than the ridge line 602 is. The ridge line 601 and the ridge line
602 each have a square shape in a planar view. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the ridge
15 line 601 and the ridge line 602 intersect the four virtual straight lines Lll, L12, L13,
and L14. Although not shown, the ridge line 601 and the ridge line 602 intersect all
of the virtual straight lines extending radially from the load point PL at angles within
a range of 45 to 90 degrees. In other words, acute angles out of angles formed by
the ridge line 601 and the virtual straight lines extendingradially from the load point
20 PL are within a range of 45 to less than 90 degrees, and acute angles out of angles
formed by the ridge line 602 and the virtual straight lines extending radially from the
load point PL are within a range of 45 to less than 90 degrees.
[0072]
<2-2-2. Second ring-shaped protrusion>
25 . The second ring-shaped protrusion 58 includes a top face 62. The top face
-: 6 2 has a square frame shape in a planar view. The. second ring-shaped protrusion
.58 includes a ridge line 621 and a ridge line 622. The ridge line 621 is located
closer to the load point PL than the ridge line 622 is. The ridge line 621 and the
ridge line 622 each have a square shape in a planar view. As illustrated in FIG. 3,
30 the ridge line 621 and the ridge line 622 intersect the four virtual straight lines L11,
L12, L13, and.LI4. Although not shown, the ridge line 621 and the ridge line 622
PCT application No.: PCT/JP2015/057467
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intersect all of the virtual straight lines extending radially from the load point PL at
angles within a range of 45 to 90 degrees. In other words, acute angles out of
angles formed by the ridge line 621 and the virtual straight liues extending radially
from the load point PL are within a range of 45 to less than 90 degrees, and acute
angles out of angles formed by the ridge line 622 and the virtual straight lines
extending radially ftom the load point PL are within a range of 45 to less than 90
degrees.
[0073]
<2-3. Modes of plurality of protrusions>
In the panel 50 according to the present embodiment, modes of the first
protrusion 521 and the second protrusions 522 are set in consideration of surface
rigidity against an assumed load applied to the load point PL. That is, as in the
panel 10 according to the first embodiment, the heights of the first protrusion 521
and the second protrusions 522 and the inclination angles 0 of the side faces forming
the first protrusion 521 and the second protrusions 522 can be set in accordance with
the magnitude of the assumed load. In addition, as in the panel 10 according to the
first embodiment, the widths of the top faces 54, 60, and 62 and the intervals
between the first protrusion 521 and the second protrusions 522 can be set in
accordance with the magnitude of the assumed load. Thus, the panel 50 provided
with appropriate surface rigidity in accordance with the assumed load can be
produced with high yield.
[0074]
The heights of the first protrusion 521 and the sccond protrusions 522 may
all be the same, or some or all may be different. The inclination angles 0 of the side
faces forming the first protrusion 521 and the second protrusions 522 may all be the
same, or some or all may be different. Also athe widths of the top faces 54,60, and
62 may all be the same, or some or all may be different. Also the intervals between
the first protrusion 521 and the second protrusions 522 may all be the same, or some
or all may be different. The number ofthe second protlusions 522 can also be set in
accordance with the magnitude of the assumed load.
[0075]
"I
PCT application No.: PCTiJP20151057467
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The panel 50 according to the second embodiment described above provides
an effect similal to that of the panel 10 of the first embodiment.
[0076]
<<3. Third embodiment>>
A panel 70 according to a third embodiment will he described with
reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. FIG. 5 is a plan view of the panel 70. FIG. 6 is a VIVI
cross-sectional view of FIG. 5. The panel 70 according to the third embodiment
differs from the panel 10 ofthe first embodiment in a configuration of a plurality of
protrusions 72. me configuration of the protrusions 72 is mainly described below;
description is given on differences from the protrusions 16 of the first embodiment.
100771
The protrusions 72 include a first protrusion 721, a plurality (two in the
present embodiment) of second protrusions 722, and a plurality (four in the present
embodiment) of third protrusions 723. Note that the numbers of the second
protrusions 722 and the third protrusions 723 are set appropriately in consideration of
at least surface rigidity against an assumed load applied to the load point PL, as in the
panel 10 of the first embodiment.
[0078]
13- 1. First protrusion>
The first protrusion 721 protrudes from a surface 701 of the panel 70. The
first protrusion 721 is formed concentrically with the load point PL of the panel 70 in
a planar view. The first protrusion 721 includes a top face 74. The top face 74 has
a square shape in a planar view. As viewed from the thickness direction of the
panel 70, the center of the top face 74 coincides with the load point PL.
[0079]
The first protrusion 721 includesa ridge line 741. The ridge line 741 has a
square shape in a planar view. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the ridge line 741 intersects
the four virtual straight lines Lll, L12, L13, and L14 perpendicularly. Although
not shown, the ridge line 741 intersects all of the virtual straight lines extending
radially from the load point PL at angles within a range of 45 to 90 degrees. In
other words, acute angles out of angles formed by the ridge line 741 and the virtual
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straight lines extending radially from the load point PL are within a range of 45 to
less than 90 degrees.
[OOSO]
<3-2. Second protrusion>
5 The two second protrusions 722 each protrude from the surface 701. The
two second protrusions 722 each have a square frame shape in a planar view. The
two second protrusions 722 are formed concentrically with respect to the load point
P . Hereinafter, one of the two second protrusions 722 that is closer to the load
point PI, will be called a first ring-shaped protrusion 76, and one of the two second
10 protrusions 722 that is farther from the load point PL will be called a second ringshaped
protrusion 78.
[0081]
13-2-1. First ring-shaped protrusion>
The first ring-shaped protrusion 76 includes a top face 80. The top face 80
15 has a square frame shape in a planar view. The first ring-shaped protrusion 76
includes a ridge line 801 and a ridge line 802. The ridge line 801 is located closer
to the load point PL than the ridge line 802 is. The ridge line 801 and the ridge line
802 each have a square shape in a planar view. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the ridge
line 801 and the ridge line 802 intersect the four virtual straight lines L11, L12, L13,
20 and L14 perpendicularly. Although not shown, the ridge line 801 and the ridge line
802 intersect all of the virtual straight lines extending radially from the load point PI.
at angles within a range of 45 to 90 degrees. In other words, acute angles out of
angles formed by the ridge line 801 and the virtual straight lines extending radially
from the load point PL are within a range of 45 to less than 90 degrees, and acute
25 angles out of angles formed by the ridge line 802 and the virtual straight lines
extending radially fsom the load point PL are within a range of 45 to lesssthan 90
degrees.
[0082]
<3-2-2. Second ring-shaped protrusion>
30 In the present embodiment, the second ring-shaped protrusion 78 includes a
plurality (four in the present enlbodiment) of top faces 82. The top face 82 has a
PCT application No.: PCT/JP2015/057467
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trapezoidal shape in a planar view. The second ring-shaped protrusion 78 includes
four ridge lines 821 and four ridge lines 822. The ridge lines 821 are located closer
to the load point PI, than the ridge lines 822 are. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the ridge
lines 821 and the ridge lines 822 intersect the four virtual straight lines L11, L12,
5 L13, and L14 perpendicularly. Although not shown, the ridge lines 821 and the
ridge lines 822 intersect all of the virtual straight lines extending radially fiom the
load point PL at angles within a range of 45 to 90 degrees. In other words, acute
angles out of angles formed by the ridge lines 821 and the virtual straight lincs
extending radially from the load point PL are within a range of 45 to less than 90
10 degrees, and acute angles out of angles fo~medb y the ridge lines 822 and the virtual
straight lines extending radially from the load point PL are within a range of 45 to
less than 90 degrees.
[0083]
<3-3. Third protrusion>
15 The four third protrusions 723 each protrude froin the surface 701. The
four third protrusions 723 each have a substantially triangular shape in a planar view.
The four third protrusions 723 are located around the load point PL serving as the
center. The four third protrusions 723 are farther from the load point PL than the
second ring-shaped protrusion 78 is.
20 [0084]
The third protrusion 723 includes a top face 84. The top face 84 has a
trapezoidal shape in a planar view. The third protrusion 723 includes a ridge linc
841 and a ridge line 842. The ridge line 841 is located closer to the load point PL
than the ridge line 842 is. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the ridge line 841 and the ridge
26 line 842 perpendicularly intersect one of the four virtual straight lines L11, L12, L13,
and L14. 8% E,
[0085]
<3-4. Modes of plurality of protrusions>
In the panel 70 according to the present embodiment, modes of the fi~st
30 protrusion 721, the second protrusions 722, and the third protrusions 723 are set in
consideration of surface rigidity against an assumed load applied to the load point PI-.
PCT application No.: PCTIJP201Si057467
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That is, as in the panel 10 according to the first embodiment, the heights of the first
protrusion 721, the second protrusions 722, and the third protrusions 723 and the
inclination angles 0 of the side faces forming the first protrusion 721, the second
protrusions 722, and the third protrusions 723 can be set in accordance with the
5. magnitude of the assumed load. In addition, as in the panel 10 according to the first
embodiment, the widths of the top faces 74, 80, 82, and 84 and the intervals between
the first protrusion 721, the second protrusions 722, and the third protrusions 723 can
be set in accordance with the magnitude of the assumed load. Thus, the panel 70
provided with appropriate surface rigidity in accordance with the assumed load can
10 be produced with high yield.
[0086]
The heights of the first protrusion 721, the second protrusions 722, and the
third protrusions 723 may all be the same, or some or all may be different. The
inclination angles 6 of the side faces forming the first protrusion 721, the second
15 protrusions 722, and the third protrusions 723 may all be the same, or some or all
may be different. Also the widths of the top faces 74, 80, 82, and 84 may all be the
same, or some or all may be different. Also the intervals between the first
protrusion 721, the second protrusions 722, and the third protrusions 723 may all be
the same, or some or all may be different. The numbers of the second protrusions
20 722 and the third protrusions 723 can also be set in accordance with the magnitude of
the assumed load.
[0087] ..
The panel 70 according to the third embodiment described above provides
an effect similar to that of the panel 10 of the first embodiment.
25 [0088]
<<4. Fouith embodiment>> .,is
A .panel 90 according to a fourth embodiment will be described with
reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. FIG. 7 is a plan view of the panel 90. FIG. 8 is a VIIIVIII
cross-sectional view of FIG. 7. The panel 90 according to the fourth
30 embodiment differs from the panel 10 of the first embodiment in a configuration of a
plurality of protrusions 92. The configuration of the protrusions 92 is mainly
PCT applicatioil No.: PCT/JP2015/057467
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described below; description is given on differences from the protrusions 16 of the
first embodiment.
[0089]
The protrusions 92 include a first protrusion 921, a second protrusion 922, a
5 plurality (four in the present embodiment) of third protrusions 923, and a plurality
(four in the present embodiment) of fourth protrusions 924. Note that the numbers
of the second protrusions 922, the third protrusions 923, and the fourth protrusions
924 are set appropriately in consideration of at least surface rigidity against an
assumed load applied to the load point PL, as in the panel 10 of the first embodiment.
10 [0090]
14-1. First protrusion>
The first protrusion 921 protrudes from a surface 901 of the panel 90. The
first protrusion 921 is formed concentrically with the load point PL of the panel 90 in
a planar view. The first protrusion 921 includes a top face 93. The top face 93 has
15 a substantially square shape in a planar view. As viewed from the thickness
direction of the panel 90, the center of the top face 93 coincides with the load point
PL.
[0091]
-The first protrusion 921 includes a ridge line 931. The ridge line 931 has a
20 substantially square shape in a planar view. As illustrated in FIG. 7, the ridge line
931 intersects the four virtual straight lines L11, L12, L13, and L14 perpendicularly.
Although not shown, the ridge line 931 intersects all of.the virtual straight lines
extending radially from the load point PL at angles within a range of 45 to 90 degrees.
In other words, acute angles out of angles formed by the ridge line 931 and the
25 virtual straight lines extending radially fiom the load point PL are within a range of
45 to less than 90 degrecs. i,
[0092]
14-2. Second protrusion>
The second protrusion 922 protrudes from the surface 901. The second
30 protrusion 922 is formed concentrically with respect to the load point PL. In other
words, the center of the second protrusion 922 coincides with the load point 1'1- in a
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planar view. The second protrusion 922 includes four top faces 94. The second
protrusion 922 includes four ridge lines 941 and four ridge lines 942. The ridge
lines 941 are located closer to the load point PI, than the ridge lines 942 are. The
ridge lines 941 and the ridge lines 942 each have a midpoint located closer to the
5 load point PL than the straight line connecting both ends of the ridge line 941 or the
ridge line 942 is. In other words, the ridge lines 941 and the ridge lines 942 each
have an arc shape that is convex toward the load point PL in a planar view. As
illustrated in FIG. 7, the ridge lines 941 and the ridge lines 942 perpendicularly
intersect the four virtual straight lines L11, L12, L13, and L14.
10 [0093]
<4-3. Third protrusion>
The four third protrusions 923 protrude from the surface 901. The four
third protrusions 923 are located around the load point PL serving as the center. The
third protrusions 923 are farther kom the load point PL than the second protrusion
15 922 is. The third protrusion 923 includes a top face 96. The third protrusion 923
includes a ridge line 961 and a ridge line 962. The ridge line 961 is located closer
to the load point PL than the ridge line 962 is. The ridge line 961 and the ridge line
962 each have a midpoint located closer to the load point PI- than the straight lines
connecting both ends of the ridge line 961 and the ridge line 962 are. In other
20 words, the ridge line 961 and the ridge line 962 each have an arc shape that is convex
toward the load point PL in a planar view. As illustrated in FIG. 7, the ridge line 961
and the ridge line 962 perpendicularly intersect one of the four virtual straight lines
L11, L12, L13, and L14.
[0094]
25 <4-4. Fourth protrusion>
6r The four fourth protrusions 924 protrude fi'om the surface 901. The four
fourth protrusions 924 are located around the load point PL serving as the center.
The fourth protrusions 924 are farther from the load point PL than the third
protrusions 923 are. The fourth protrusion 924 includes a top face 98. The fourth
30 protrusion 924 includes a ridge linc 981 and a ridge line 982. The ridge line 981 is
located closer to the load point PL than the ridge line 982 is. The ridge line 981 and
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the ridge line 982 each have a midpoint located closer to the load point PL than the
straight lines connecting both ends of the ridge line 981 and the ridge line 982 are.
In other words, the ridge line 981 and the ridge line 982 each have an arc shape that
is convex toward the load point PL in a planar view. As illustrated in FIG. 7, the
ridge line 981 and the ridge line 982 perpendicularly intersect one of the four virtual
straight lines L11, L12, L13, and L14.
[0095]
<4-5. Modes of plurality of protrusions>
In the panel 90 according to the present embodiment, modes of the first
protrusion 921, the second protrusion 922, the third protrusions 923, and the fourth
protrusions 924 are set in consideration of surface rigidity against an assumed load
applied to the load point PL. That is, as in the panel 10 according to the first
embodiment, the heights of the first protrusion 921, the second protrusion 922, the
third protrusions 923, and the fourth protrusions 924 and the inclination angles i3 of
the side faces forming the first protrusion 921, the second protrusion 922, the third
protrusions 923, and the fourth protrusions 924 can be set in accordance with the
magnitude of the assumed load. In addition, as in the panel 10 according to the first
embodiment, the widths of the top faces 93,94, 96, and 98 and the intervals between
the first protrusion 921, the second protrusion 922, the third protrusions 923, and the
fourth protrusions 924 can be set in accordance with the magnitude of the assumed
load. Thus, the panel 90 provided with appropriate surface rigidity in accordance
with the assumed load can be produced with high yield.
[0096]
The heights of the first protrusion 921, the second protrusion 922, the third
protrusions 923, and the fourth probusions 924 may all be the same, or some or all
may be different. The inclination angles 0:of the side faces forming the first
protrusion 921, the second protrusion 922, the third protrusions 923, and the fourth
protrusions 924 may all be the same, or some or all may be different. Also the
widths of the top faces 93, 94, 96, and 98 may all be the same, or some or all may be
different. Also-the intervals between the first protrusion 921, the second protrusion
922, the third protrusions 923, and the fourth protrusions 924 may all be the same, or
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some or all may be different. The numbers of the second protrusions 922, the third
protrusions 923, and the fourth protrusions 924 can also be set in accordance with the
magnitude of the assumed load.
[0097]
The panel 90 according to the fourth embodiment described above provides
an effect similar to that of the panel 10 of the first embodiment.
[0098]
<<5. Fifth embodiment>>
A panel 100 according to a fifth embodiment will be described with
reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. FIG. 9 is a plan view of the panel 100. FIG. 10 is a
X-X cross-sectional view of FIG. 9. The panel 100 according to the fifth
embodiment differs from the panel 10 of the first embodiment in a configuration of a
plurality of protrusions 102. The configuration of the protrusions 102 is mainly
described below; description is given on differences from the protrusions 16 of the
first embodiment.
[0099]
The panel 100 according to the present embodiment includes, as the
protrusions 102, two protrusions 1021. The number of the protrusions 1021 may be
one.
[O 1001
Each protrusion 1021 protrudes from a surface 1001. Each protrusion
1021 has a spiral shape in a planar view. Each protrusion 1021 includes a top face
104. Each protrusion 1021 includes a ridge line 1041 and a ridge line 1042. The
ridge line 1041 and the ridge line 1042 each have a spiral shape in a planar view.
At a given position of the protrusion 1021, the ridge line 1041 is located closer to the
load point PL than the ridge line 1042 is! As illustrated in FIG. 9, the ridge line
1041 and the ridge line 1042 intersect the four vil-tnal straight lines L11, L12, L13,
and L14 at a plurality of positions.
[OlOl]
Although not shown, the ridge line 1041 and the ridge line 1042 intersect all
of the virtual straight lines extending radially from the load point PL at angles within
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a range of 45 to 90 degrees. In other words, acute angles out of angles formed by
the ridge line 1041 and the virtual straight lines extending radially from the load
point PI, are within a range of 45 to less than 90 degrees, and acute angles out of
angles formed by the ridge line 1042 and the virtual straight lines extending radially
froin the load point PJ. are within a range of 45 to less than 90 degrees.
[O 1021
In the panel 100 according to the present embodiment, modes of the
protrusions 1021 are set in consideration of surface rigidity against an assumed load
applied to the load point PL. That is, as in the panel 10 according to the first
embodiment, the heights of the protrusions 1021 and the inclination angles 6' of the
side faces forming the protrusions 1021 can be set in accordance with the magnitude
of the assumed load. In addition, as in the panel 10 according to the first
embodiment, the widths of the top faces 104 and the intervals between the
protrusions 1021 can be set in accordance with the magnitude of the assumed load.
Thus, the panel 100 provided with appropriate surface rigidity in accordance with the
assumed load can be produced with high yield.
[O103]
The heights of the protrusions 1021 may be the same throughout the entire
range, or some or all may be different. The inclination angles 6' of the side faces
forming the protrusions 1021 may be the same throughout the entire range, or some
or all may be different. Also the widths of the top faces 104 may be the same
throughout the entire range, or some or all may be different. Also the intervals
between the protrusions 1021 may be the same throughout the entire range, or some
or all may be different. The number of the protrusions 1021 can also be set in
accordance with the magnitude of the assumed load.
[0 1041
The panel 100 according to the fifth embodiment described above provides
an effect similar to that of the panel 10 of the first embodiment.
[0105]
<<6. Sixth embodiment>>
A panel 110 according to a sixth enlbodiment will be described with
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reference to FIGS. 11 and 12. FIG. 11 is a plan view of the panel 110. FIG. 12 is a
XII-XI1 cross-sectional view of FIG. 11. The panel 110 according to the sixth
embodiment differs from the panel 10 of the first embodiment in a configuration of a
plurality of protrusions 112. The configuration of the protrusions 112 is mainly
5 described below; description is given on differences from the protrusions 16 of the
first embodiment.
[O 1061
The protrusions 112 include a plurality (two in the present embodiment) of
first protrusions 1121 and a plurality (six in the present embodiment) of second
10 protrusions 1122. Note that the numbers of the first protrusions 1121 and the
second protrusions 1122 are set appropriately in consideration of at least surface
rigidity against an assumed load applied to the load point PL, as in the panel 10 of the
first embodiment.
[0107]
15 <6-1. First protrusion>
The first protrusions 1121 protrude from a surface 1101. The first
protrusions 1121 each have a spiral shape surrounding the load point PL serving as a
base point in a planar view. The first protrusion 1121 includes a top face 114 and a
top face 116. The first protrusion 1121 includes a ridge line 1141, a ridge line 1142,
20 a ridge line 1161, and a ridge line 1162.
[0108]
The ridge line 1141 and the ridge line 1142 each have a spiral shape in a
planar view. As illustrated in FIG. 11, the ridge line 1141 and the ridge line 1142
have portions perpendicularly intersecting the four virtual straight lines L11, L12,
25 L13, and L14. Although not shown, the ridge line 1141 and the ridge line 1142
intersect all of the virtual straight lines extending radially from the load point PL at
angles within a range of 45 to 90 degrees. In other words, acute angles out of
angles formed by the ridge line 1141 and thc virtual straight lines extending radially
fron~th e load point PL are within a range of 45 to less than 90 degrees, and acute
30 angles out of angles formed by the ridge line 1142.and the vii-tual straight lilies
extending radially from the load point PL are within a range of 45 to less than 90
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degrees.
[0 1091
The ridge line 1161 and the ridge line 1162 are parallel to each other in a
planar view. The ridge line 1161 and the ridge line 1162 of one of the two first
5 protrusions 1121 perpendicularly intersect the virtual straight line L11. The ridge
line 1161 and the ridge line 1162 of the other of the two first protrusions 1121
pelpendicularly intersect the virtual straight line L13.
[0110]
<6-2. Second protrusion>
10 The six second protrusions 1122 protrude from the surface 1101. The
second protrusions 1122 are farther from the load point PI, than the first protrusions
1121 are. The second protrusion 1122 includes a top face 11 8. The second
protrusion 1122 includes a ridge line 11 8 1 and a ridge line 11 82. The ridge line
118 1 is located closer to the load point PI* than the ridge line 11 82 is.
15 [0111]
One of the six second protrusions 1122 is located at a position intersecting
the virtual straight line L11. In this second protrusion 1122, as illustrated in FIG. 11,
the ridge line 1181 and the ridge line 1182 perpendicularly intersect the virtual
straight line L11. Two of the six second protrusions 1122 are located at positions
20 intersecting the virhlal straight line L12. In these second protrusions 1122, as
illustrated in FIG. 11, the ridge line 1181 and the ridge line 1182 perpendicularly
intersect the virtual straight line L12.
[0112]
One of the six second protiusiolls 1122 is located at a position intersecting
25 the virtual straight line L13. In this second protrusion 1122, as illustrated in FIG. 11,
the ridge line 11 8 1 and. the ridge line 11 82 peipendicularly intersect the virtual
straight line L13. Two of the six second protrusions 1122 are located at positions
intersecting the virtual straight line L14. In these second protrusions 1122, as
illustrated in FIG. 11, the ridge line 1 18 1 and the ridge line 11 82 perpendicularly
30 intersect the virtual straight line L14.
101 131
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<6-3. Modes of plurality of protrusions>
In the panel 110 according to the present embodiment, modes of the first
protrusions 1121 and the second protrusions 1122 are set in consideration of surface
rigidity against an assumed load applied to the load point PL. That is, as in the
5 panel 10 according to the first embodiment, thc heights of the first protrusions 1121
and the second protrusions 1122 and the inclination angles 0 of the side faces
forming the first protrusions 1121 and the second protrusions 1122 can be set in
accordance with the magnitude of the assumed load. In addition, as in the panel 10
according to the first embodiment, the widths of the top faces 114, 116, and 118 and
10 the intervals between the first protrusions 1121 and the second protrusions 1122 can
be set in accordance with the magnitude of the assumed load. Thus, the panel 110
provided with appropriate surface rigidity in accordance with the assumed load can
be produced with high yield.
[0114]
15 The heights of the first protrusions 1121 and the second protrusions 1122
may all be the same, or some or all may be different. The inclination angles B of the
side faces forming the first protrusions 1121 and the second protrusions 1122 may all
be the same, or some or all may be different. Also the widths of the top faces 114,
116, and 118 may all be the same, or some or all may be different. Also the
20 intervals between the first protrusions 1121 and the second protrusions 1122 may all
be the same, or some or all may be different. The numbers of the first protrusions
1121 and the second protrusions 1122 can also be set in accordance.with the
magnitude of the assumed load.
[0115]
25 The panel 110 according to the sixth embodiment described above provides
an effect similar lo (that of the panel 10 of the first embodiment. i.
[0116]
<<7. Seventh embodiment>>
A panel 120 according to a seventh embodiment will be described with
30 reference to FIGS. 13 and 14. FIG. 13 is a plan view of the panel 120. FIG. 14 is a
XIV-XIV cross-sectional view of FIG. 13. The panel 120 according to the seventh
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embodiment differs fro111 the panel 10 of the first embodiment in a configuration of a
plurality of protrusions 122. The configuration of the protrusions 122 is mainly
described below; description is given on diffcrences fto~nth e protrusions 16 of the
first embodiment.
5 [0117]
The protrusions 122 include a first protrusion 1221, a plurality (two in the
present embodiment) of second protrusions 1222, and a plurality (four in the present
embodiment) of third protrusions 1223. Note that the numbers of the second
protrusions 1222 and the third protrusions 1223 are set appropriately in consideration
10 of at least surface rigidity against an assumed load applied to the load point PL, as in
the pancl 10 of the first embodiment.
[0118]
17-1. First protrusion>
The first protrusion 1221 protrudes from a surface 1201 of the panel 120.
15 The first protrusion 1221 is formed concentrically with the load point PL of the panel
120 in a planar view. The first protrusion 1221 includes a top face 124. The top
face 124 has a regular octagonal shape in a planar view. As viewed from the
thickness direction of the panel 120, the center of the top face 124 coincides with the
load point PL.
20 [0119]
The first protrusion 1221 includes a ridge line 1241. The ridge line 1241
has a square shape in a planar view. As illustrated in FIG. 13, the ridge line 1241
intersects the four virtual straight lines L11, L12, L13, and L14 perpendicularly.
Although not showll, the ridge line 1241 intersects all of the virtual straight lines
25 extending radially from the load point PL at angles within a range of 45 to 90 degrees.
In other words, acute angles out of angles formed by the ridge liile 1241 and the
virtual straight lines extending radially from the load point PL are within a range of
45 to less than 90 degrees.
[0120]
30 <7-2. Second protrusion>
The two second protrusions 1222 each protrude from the surface 1201.
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The two second protrusions 1222 are formed concentrically with respect to the load
point PL. Hereinafter, one of the two second protrusions 1222 that is closer to the
load point PL will be called a first ring-shaped protrusion 126, and one of the two
second protrusions 1222 that is farther from the load point PL will be called a second
5 ring-shaped protrusiou 128.
[0121]
17-2-1. First ring-shaped protrusion>
The first ring-shaped protrusion 126 includes a top face 130. The top face
130 has a regular octagonal frame shape in a planar view. The first ring-shaped
10 protrusion 126 includes a ridge line 1301 and a ridge line 1302. The ridge line 1301
is located closer to the load point PL than the ridge line 1302 is. The ridge line 1301
and the ridge line 1302 each have a regular octagonal shape in a planar view. As
illustrated in FIG. 13, the ridge line 1301 and the ridge line 1302 intersect the four
virtual straight lines L11, L12, L13, and L14 perpendicularly. Although not shown,
15 the ridge line 1301 and the ridge line 1302 intersect all of the virtual straight lines
extending radially from the load point PL at angles within a range of 45 to 90 degrees.
In other words, acute angles out of angles formed by the ridge line 1301 and the
virtual straight lines extending radially from the load point PL are within a range of
45 to less thau 90 degrees, and acute angles out of angles formed by the ridge line
20 1302 and the viitual straight lines extending radially from the load point PL are
within a range of 45 to less than 90 degrees.
[0122] ,
17-2-2. Second ring-shaped protrusion>
The second ring-shaped protrusion 128 includes a top face 132. The top
25 face 132 has a regular octagonal frame shape in a planar view.' The second ringshaped@
rotrusion 128 includes a ridge line 1321 and a ridge tine 1322. The ridge
line 1321 islocated closer to the load point PL thau the ridge line 1322 is. The ridge
line 1321 and the ridge line 1322 each have a regular octagonal shape in a planar
view. As illustrated in FIG. 13, the ridge line 1321 and the ridge line 1322 intersect
30 the four virtual straight lines L11, L12, L13, and L14 perpendicularly. Although
not shown, the ~idgeli ne 1321 and the ridge line 1322 intersect all of the virtual
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straight lines extending radially from the load point PL at angles within a range of 45
to 90 degrees. In other words, acute angles out of angles formed by the ridge line
1321 and the virtual straight lines extending radially from the load point PI, are
within a range of 45 to less than 90 degrees, and acute angles out of angles formed
5 by the ridge line 1322 and the virtual straight lines extending radially from the load
point PL are within a range of 45 to less than 90 degrees.
[O 1231
17-3. Third protrusion>
The third protrusions 1223 protrude from the surface 1201. The third
10 protrusions 1223 each have a substantially trapezoidal shape in a planar view. The
third protrusions 1223 are farther from the load point PL than the second ring-shaped
protrusion 128 is. The third protrusion 1223 includes a top face 134. The top face
134 has a trapezoidal shape in a planar view. The ring-shaped third protrusion 1223
includes a ridge line 1341 and a ridge line 1342. The ridge line 1341 is located
15 closer to the load point PL than the ridge line 1342 is. As illustrated in FIG. 13, the
ridge line 1341 and the ridge line 1342 perpendicularly intersect one of the four
virtual straight lines L11, L12, L13, and L14.
[O 1241
17-4. Modes of plurality of protrusions>
20 In the panel 120 according to the present embodiment, modes of the first
protrusion 1221, the second protrusions 1222, and the third protrusions 1223 are set
in consideration of surface rigidity against an assumed load applied to the load point
PI*. That is, as in the panel 10 according to the first embodiment, the heights of the
first protrusion 1221, the second protrusions 1222, and the third protrusions 1223 and
25 the inclination angles B of the side faces forming the first protrusion 1221, the second
ptotrusions 1222, and the third protrusions 1223 can bei-set in accordance with the
magnitude of the assumed load. In addition, as in the panel LO according to the first
embodiment, the widths of the top faces 124, 130, 132, and 134 and the intervals
between the first protrusion 1221, the second protrusions 1222, and the third
30 protrusions 1223 can be set in accordance with the magnitude of the assumed load.
Thus, the panel 120 provided with appropriate surface rigidity in accordance with the
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assumed load can be produced with high yield.
[0125]
The heights of the first protrusion 1221, the second protrusions 1222, and
the third protrusions 1223 may all be the samc, or some or all may be different. The
5 inclination angles 6 of the side faces forming the first protrusion 1221, the second
protrusions 1222, and the third protrusions 1223 may all be the same, or some or all
may be different. Also the widths of the top faces 124, 130, 132, and 134 may all
be the same, or some or all may be different. Also the intervals between the first
protrusion 1221, the second protrusions 1222, and the third protrusions 1223 may all
10 be the same, or some or all may be different. The numbers of the second
protrusions 1222 and the third protrusions 1223 can also be set in accordance with
the magnitude of the assumed load.
(0 1261
The panel 90 according to the seventh embodiment described above
15 provides an effect similar to that of the panel 10 of the first embodiment.
[0127]
<<8. Eighth embodiment>>
A panel 140 according to an eighth embodiment will be described with
reference to FIGS. 15 and 16. FIG. 15 is a plan view of the panel 140. FIG. 16 is a
20 XVI-XVI cross-sectional view of FIG. 15. The panel 140 according to the eighth
embodiment differs from the panel 10 of the first embodiment in a configuration of a
,. plurality of protrusions 142. The configuration of the protrusions 142 is mainly
described below; description is given on differences from the proWusions 16 of the
first embodiment. In the following description, in the clockwise direction, i.e., the
25 right-handed direction, the starting point side is called one end in the circumferential
:r direction, and the endpoint side is called the other end in the circumferential
direction. . .
[0128]
The protrusions 142 include a first protrusion 1421, a plurality (two in the
30 present embodiment) of second protrusions 1422, a plurality (two in the present
embodiment) of third protrusions 1423, a plurality (two in the present embodiment)
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of fourth protrusions 1424, a plurality (two in the present embodiment) of fifth
protrusions 1425, a plurality (four in the present embodiment) of sixth protrusions
1426, and a plurality (four in the present embodiment) of seventh protrusions 1427.
Note that the numbers of the first protrusion 1421 to the seventh protrusions 1427 are
5 set appropriately in consideration of at least surface rigidity against an assumed load
applied to the load point PL, as in the panel 10 of the first embodiment.
[0 1291
4-1. F irst protrusion>
The first protrusion 1421 is located on the load point PL. The first
10 protrusion 1421 includes a top face 143. The first protrusion 1421 includes a ridge
line 1431. The top face 143 and the ridge line 143 1 each have a circular shape in a
planar view. As viewed from the thickness direction of the panel 140, the center of
the top face 143 and the center of the ridge line 143 1 coincide with the load point PL.
[0130]
15 18-2. Second protrusion>
The two second protrusions 1422 are located on a first circle whose center is
the load point PL. The second protrusion 1422 includes a top face 144. The
second protrusion 1422 includes a ridge line 1441 and a ridge line 1442. The ridge
line 1441 is located closer to the load point PL than the ridge line 1442 is. The ridge
20 line 1441 and the ridge line 1442 each have a midpoint located farther from the load
point PL than the straight lines connecting both ends of the ridge line 1441 and the
- ridge line 1442 are. In other words, the ridge.line 1441 and the ridge line 1442 each
have an arc shape that is convex toward a direction going away from the load point
PI. in a planar view. As illustxated in FIG. 15, the ridge line 1441 and the ridge line
25. 1442 perpendicularly intersect two of the four virtual straight lines L11, L12, L13,
.'. and L14. !,,.
. . [0131] ..~ .
One of the two second protrusions 1422 is called the second protrusion
1422A, and the other is called the second protrusion 1422B. One end part in the
30 circumferential direction of the second protrusion 1422A perpendicularly intersects
the virtual straight line L11. The other end part in the circumferential direction of
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the second protrusion 1422A peipendicularly intersects the virtual straight line L12.
One end part in thc circumferential direction of the second protrusion 34223
perpendicularly intersects the virtual straight line L13. The other end part in the
circumferential direction of the second protrusion 1422B perpendicularly intersects
5 the virtual straight line L14.
[0132]
18-3. Third protrusion>
The two third protrusions 1423 are located on a second circle whose center
is the load point PL. The second circle has a larger diameter than the first circle.
10 The third protrusion 1423 includes a top face 146. The third protrusion 1423
includes a ridge line 1461 and a ridge line 1462. The ridge line 1461 is located
closer to the load point PL than the ridge line 1462 is. The ridge line 1461 and the
ridge line 1462 each have a midpoint located farther from the load point PL than the
straight lines connecting both ends of the ridge line 1461 and the ridge line 1462 are.
15 In other words, the ridge line 1461 and the ridge line 1462 each have an arc shape
that is convex toward a direction going away from the load point PL in a planar view.
As illustrated in FIG. 15, the ridge line 1461 and the ridge line 1462 perpendicularly
intersect two of the four virtual straight lines L11, L12, L13, and L14.
[0133]
20 One of the two third protrusions 1423 is called the third protrusion 1423A,
and the other is called the third protrusion 1423B. One end part in the
circumferential direction of the third protrusion 1423A perpendicularly intersects the
virtual straight line L14. Thc other end part in the circumferential direction of the
third protrusion 1423A perpendicularly intersects the virtual straight line L11. One
25 end part in the circumferential direction of the third protrusion 1423B
perpendicularly intersects the virtual straight line L12. The other end part in the
circumferential direction of the third protrusion 1423B perpendicularly intersects the
virtual straight line L13.
[0134]
30 As viewed from the direction along which the virtual straight line L14
extends, the one end part in the circumferential direction of the third protrusion
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1423A ovcrlaps with the other end part in the circumferential direction of the second
protrusion 1422B. As viewed from the direction along which the virtual straight
line L11 extends, the other end pai-t in the circumferential direction of the third
protrusion 1423A overlaps with the one end part in the circumferential direction of
5 the second protrusion 1422A. As viewed from the direction along which the virtual
straight line L12 extends, the one end part in the circumferential direction of the third
protrusion 1423B overlaps'with the other end partin the circumferential direction of
the second protrusion 1422A. As viewed from the direction along which the virtual
straight line L13 extends, the other end part in the circumferential direction of the
10 third protrusion 1423B overlaps with the one end part in the circumferential direction
of the second protrusion 1422B.
[0135]
18-4. Fourth protrusion>
The two fourth protrusions 1424 are located on a third circle whose center is
15 the load point PL. The third circle has a larger diameter than the second circle.
The fourth protrusion 1424 includes a top face 148. The fourth protrusion 1424
includes a ridge line 1481 and a ridge line 1482. The ridge line 1481 is located
closer to the load point PL than the ridge line 1482 is. The ridge line 1481 and the
ridge line 1482 each have a midpoint located farther from the load point PL than the
20 straight lines connecting both ends of the ridge line 1481 and the ridge line 1482 are.
In other words, the ridge line 1481 and the ridge line 1482 each have an arc shape
that is convex toward a direction going away from the load point PL in a planar view.
As illustrated in FIG. 15, the ridge line 1481 and the ridge line 1482 peipendicularly
intersect two of the four virtual straight lines L11, L12, L13, and L14.
25 [0136]
One of the two fourth protrusions 1424 is called the Coui-th protrusion I
1424A, and the other is called the fourth protrusion 1424B. One end part in the
circumferential direction of the fourth protrusion 1424A perpendicularly intersects
the virtual straight line L11. The other end part in the circumferential direction of
30 the-second prot~usion 1422A perpendicularly intersects the virtual straight line L12.
One end part in the circumferential direction of the fourth protrusion 1424B
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perpendicularly intersects the virtual straight line L13. The other end part in the
circumferential direction of the fourth protrusion 1424B perpendicularly intersects
the virtual straight line L14.
[0137]
5 As viewed from the direction along which the virtual straight line L11
extends, the one end part in the circumferential direction of the fourth protrusion
1424A overlaps with the other end part in the circumferential direction of the third
protrusion 1423A and the one end part in the circumferential direction of the second
protrusion 1422A. As viewed from the direction along which the virtual straight
10 line L12 extends, the other end part in the circumferential direction of the fourth
protrusion 1424A overlaps with the one end part in the circumferential direction of
the third protrusion 1423B and the other end part in the circumferential direction of
the second protrusion 1422A. As viewed from the direction along which the virtual
straight line L13 extends, the one end part in the circumferential direction of the
15 fourth protrusion 1424B overlaps with the other end part in the circumferential
direction of the third protrusion 1423B and the one end part in the circumferential
direction of the second protrusion 1422B. As viewed from the direction along
which the virtual straight line L14 extends, the other end part in the circumferential
direction of the fourth protrusion 1424B overlaps with the other end part in the
20 circumferential direction of the third protrusion 1423A and the one end part in the
circumferential direction of the third protrusion 1423B.
[0138]
<8-5. Fifth protrusion>
The two fifth protrusions 1425 are located on a fourth circle whose center is
25 the load point PL. The fourth circle has a larger diameter than the third circle. The
fifth protrusion 1425 includcs a top face 150. The fifth protrusion 1425 includes a
ridge line 1501 and a ridge line 1502. The ridge line 1501 is located closer to the
load point PL than the ridge line 1502 is. The ridge line 1501 and the ridge line
1502 each have a midpoint located farther from the load point PL than the stiaight
30 lines connecting both ends of the ridge line 1501 and the ridge line 1502 are. In
other words, the ridge line 1501 and the ridge line 1502 each have an arc shape that
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is convex toward a direction going away fiom the load point PI, in a planar view.
As illustrated in FIG. 15, the ridge line 1501 and the ridge line 1502 perpendicularly
intersect two of the four virtual straight lines L11, L12, L13, and L14.
[0139]
5 One of the two fifth protrusions 1425 is called the fifth protrusion 142512,
and the other is called the fifth protrusion 1425B. One end part in the
circumferential direction of the fifth protrusion 1425A perpendicularly intersects the
virtual straight line L14. The other end part in the circumferential direction of the
fifth protrusion 1425A perpendicularly intersects the virtual straight line L11. One
10 end part in the circumferential direction of the fifth protrusion 1425B perpendicularly
intersects the virtual straight line L12. The other end part in the circumferential
direction of the fifth protrusion 1425B perpendicularly intersects the virtual straight
line L13.
[0140]
15 As viewed from the direction along which the virtual straight line L14
extends, the one end part in the circumferential direction of the fifth protrusion
1425A overlaps with the other end part in the circumferential direction of the fourth
protrusion 1424B, the one end part in the circumferential direction of the third
protrusion 1423A, and the other end part in the circumferential direction of the third
20 protrusion 1423B. As viewed fiom the direction along which the virtual straight
line L11 extends, the other end part in the circumferential direction of the fifth
protrusion 1425A overlaps with the one end part in the circumferential direction of
the fourth protrusion 1424A, the other end part in the circumferential direction of the
third protrusion 1423A, and the one end part in the circumferenlial direction of the
25 second protrusion 1422A. As viewed from thc direction along which the virtual
straight line L12 extends, the one end part in the circumferential direction of the fifth
protrusion 1425B overlaps with the other end part in the circun~ferentiald irection of
the fourth protrusion 1424A, the one end part in the circumferential direction of the
third protrusion 1423B, and the other end part in the circumferential direction of the
30 second protrusion 1422A. As viewed from the direction along which the virtual
straight line L13 extends, the other end part in the circumferential direction of the
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fifth prot~usion 1425B overlaps with the one end part in the circumferential direction
of the fourth protrusion 1424B, the other end part in the circumferential direction of
the third protrusion 1423B, and the one end part in the circumferential direction of
the second protrusion 1422B.
5 [O141]
<8-6. Sixth protrusion>
The four sixth protrusions 1426 are located on a:fifth circle whose center is
the load point Pr,. The fifth circle has a larger diameter than the fourth circle. The
sixth protrusion 1426 includes a top face 152. The sixth protrusion 1426 includes a
10 ridge line 1521 and a ridge line 1522. The ridge line 1521 is located closer to the
load point PL than the ridge line 1522 is. The ridge line 1521 and the ridge line
1522 each have a midpoint located farther from the load point PL than the straight
lines connecting both ends of the ridge line 1521 and the ridge line 1522 are. In
other words, the ridge line 1521 and the ridge line 1522 each have an arc shape that
15 is convex toward a direction going away from the load point PL in a planar view.
As illustrated in FIG. 15, the ridge line 1521 and the ridge line 1522 perpendicularly
intersect one of the four virtual straight lines L11, L12, L13, and L14.
[0 1 421
One end part in the circumferential direction of the sixth protrusion 1426A
20 out of the four sixth protrusions 1426 perpendicularly intersects the virtual straight
line L11. The other end in the circumferential direction of the sixth protrusion
1426A is located at the boundary between the reinforced section -12 and the
peripheral edge 14. As viewed from the direction along which the vii-tual straight
line L11 extends, the one end part in the circumferential direction of the sixth
25 protrusion 1426A overlaps with the other end part in the circumferential direction of
the fifth protrusion 1425A, the one end part in the circumferential direction of the
fourth protrusion L424A, the other end part in the circumferential direction of the
third protrusion 1423A, and the one end part in ihc circumferential direction of the
second protrusion 1422A.
30 [O143]
One end in the circumferential direction of the sixth protrusion 1426B out of
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the four sixth protrusions 1426 is located at the houndary between the reinforced
section 12 and the peripheral edge 14. The other end part in the circumferential
direction of the sixth protrusion 1426B perpendicularly intersects the virtual straight
line L12. As viewed from the direction along which the vii-tual straight line L12
5 extends, the other end part in the circumferential direction of the sixth protrusion
14263 overlaps with the one end part in the circun~ferential direction of the fifth
protrusion 1425B, the other end part in the circumferential direction of the fourth
protrusion 1424A, the one end part in the circumferential direction of the third
protrusion 1423B, and the other end part in the circumferential direction of the
10 second protrusion 1422A.
[0 1 441
One end part in the circumferential direction of the sixth protrusion 1426C
out of the four sixth protrusions 1426 perpendicularly intersects the virtual straight
line L13. The other end in the circumferential direction of the sixth protrusion
15 1426C is located at the boundary between the reinforced section 12 and the
peripheral edge 14. As viewed from the direction along which the virtual straight
line L13 extends, the one end part in the circumferential direction of the sixth
protrusion 1426C overlaps with the other end part in the circumferential direction of
the fifth protrusion 1425B, the one end part in the circumferential direction of the
20 fourth protrusion 1424B, the other end part in the circumferential direction of the
third protrusion 14233, and the one end part in the circumferential direction of the
second protrusion 14223.
101451
One end in the circumferential direction of the sixth protrusion 1426D out
25 of the four sixth protrusions 1426 is located at the houndary between the reinforced
section 12i.and the peripheral edge 14. The other end part in .the circumferential
direction of the sixth protrusion 1426D perpendicularly intersects the virtual straight
line L14. As viewed from the direction along which the virtual straight line L14
extends, the other end part in the circumferential direction of the sixth protrusion
30 1426D overlaps with the one end part in the circumferential direction of the fifth
protrusion 1425A, the other end part in the circumferential direction of the fourth
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protrusion 1424B, the one end part in the circunlferential direction of the third
protrusion 1423A, and the other end part in the circumferential direction of the
second protrusion 1422B.
[0146]
5 18-7. Seventh protrusion>
The four seventh protrusions 1427 are located on a sixth circle whose center
is the load point PI,. The sixth circle has a larger diameter than the fifth circle.
The seventh protrusion 1427 includes a top face 154. The seventh protrusion 1427
includes a ridge line 1541 and a ridge line 1542. The ridge line 1541 is located
10 closer to the load point PL than the ridge line 1542 is. The ridge line 1541 and the
ridge line 1542 each have a midpoint located farther from the load point PL than the
straight lines connecting both ends of the ridge line 1541 and the ridge line 1542 are.
In other words, the ridge line 1541 and the ridge line 1542 each have an arc shape
that is convex toward a direction going away from the load point PL in a planar view.
15 As illustrated in FIG. 15, the ridge line 1541 and the ridge line 1542 perpendicularly
intersect one of the four virtual straight lines Lll, L12, L13, and L14.
[0147]
One end in the circumferential direction ofthe seventh protrusion 1427A out
of the four seventh protrusions 1427 is located at the boundary between the
20 reinforced section 12 and the peripheral edge 14. The other end part in the
circumferential direction of the seventh protrusion 1427A perpendicularly intersects
the virtual straight line L11. As viewed from the direction along which the virtual
straight line L11 extends, the other end part in the circumferential direction of the
seventh protrusion 1427 overlaps with the one end part in the circumferential
25 direction of the sixth protrusion 1426A, the other end part in,the circumferential
direction of the fifth protrusion 1425A, the one end pal* in the circumfercntial
direction .of the fourth protrusion 1424A, the other end part-in the circumferential
direction of the third protrusion 1423A, and thc one end part in the circumferential
direction of the second protrusion 1422A.
30 [0148]
One end part in the circumferential direction of the seventh protrusion
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1427B out of the four seventh protrusions 1427 perpendicularly intersects the virtual
straight line L12. The other end in the circumferential direction of the scventh
protrusion 1427A is located at the boundary between the reinforced section 12 and
the peripheral edge 14. As viewed from the direction along which the virtual
5 straight line L12 extends, the one end part in the circumferential direction of the
seventh protrusion 1427B overlaps with the other end part in the circumferential
direction of the sixth protrusion 1426B, the one end part in the circumferential
direction of the fifth protrusion 1425B, the other end part in the circumferential
direction of the fourth protrusion 1424A, the one end part in the circumferential
10 direction of the third protrusion 1423B, and the other end part in the circumferential
direction of the second protrusion 1422A.
[0 1491
One end in tlie circumferential direction of the seventh protrusion 1427C out
of the four seventh protrusions 1427 is located at the boundary between the
15 reinforced section 12 and the peripheral edge 14. The other end part in the
circumferential direction of the seventh protrusion 1427C perpendicularly intersects
the virtual straight line L13. As viewed from the direction along which the virtual
straight line L13 extends, the other end part in the circumferential direction of the
seventh protrusion 1427C overlaps with the one end part in the circumferential
20 direction of the sixth protrusion 1426C, the other end part in the circumferential
direction of the fifth protrusion 1425B, the one end part in the circurnferential
direction of the fourth pio~usion 1424B, the other end part in the circurnferential
direction of the third prot~usion 3423B, and the one end part in the circumferential
direction of the second protrusion 1422B.
25 [015O]
*I One end part in the circun~ferential direction of the seventh protrusion
1427D out of the four seventh protrusions 1427 perpendicularly intersects the virtual
straight line L14. The other end in the circumferential direction of the seventh
protrusion 1427D is located at the boundary between the reinforced section 12 and
30 the peripheral edge 14. As viewed fiom the direction along which the virtual
straight line L14 extends, the one end part in the circumferential direction of the
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seventh protrusion 1427D overlaps with the other end part in the circumferential
direction of the sixth protrusion 1426D, the one end part in the circumferential
direction of the fifth protrusion 1425A, the other end part in the circumferential
direction of the fourth protrusion 1424B, the one end part in the circumferential
5 direction of the third protrusion 1423A, and the other end part in the circumferential
direction of the second protrusion 1422B.
[OlSl]
18-8. Modes of plurality of protrusions>
In the panel 140 according to the present embodiment, modes of the first
10 protrusion 1421 to the seventh protrusions 1427 are set in consideration of surface
rigidity against an assumed load applied to the load point PL. That is, as in the
panel 10 according to the first embodiment, the heights of the first protrusion 1421 to
the seventh protrusions 1427 and the iilclination angles 8 of the side faces forming
the first protrusion 1421 to the seventh protrusions 1427 can be set in accordance
15 with the magnitude of the assumed load. In addition, as in the panel 10 according
to the first embodiment, the widths of the top faces 143, 144, 146, 148, 150, 152, and
154 and the intervals between the first protrusion 1421 to the seventh protrusions
1427 call he set in accordance with the magnitude of the assumed load. Thus, the
. panel 140 provided with appropriate surface rigidity in accordance with the assumed
20 load can be produced with high yield.
[0152]
The heights of the first protrusion 1421 to the seventh protrusions 1427 may
all be the same, or some or all may be different. The inclination angles 8 of the side
faces forming the first protrusioil 1421 to the seventh protrusions 1427 may all be the
26 same, or some or all may be different. Also the widths of the top faces 143, 144,
.:. 146, 148, 150, 152, and 154 may all be the same, or some or all may be different.
. . Also the intervals between the first protrusion 1421 to the seventh prot~usions 1427
may all be the same, or some or all may be different. The numbers of the first
protrusion 1421 to the seventh protrusions 1427 can also be set in accordance with
30 the magnitude of the assumed load.
[0153]
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As viewed from the direction along which the virtual straight line Ll1
extends, in two protrusions adjacent to each other in the direction, the circumferential
length of portions that overlap with each other is set appropriately, in accordance
with surface rigidity against an assumed load applied to the load point PL. IIere, as
illustrated in FIG. 15, the circumferential length of the portions overlapping with
each other may be the same for two adjacent protrusions close to the load point PL
and two adjacent protrusions far away from the load point PL. In other words, in
two protrusions adjacent to- each other in the direction along which the virtual
straight line L11 extends, edges of the end parts in the circumferential direction
intersecting the virtual straight line L11 may extend in a direction parallel to the
virtual straight line L11.
[0 1541
Alternatively, as illustrated in FIG. 17, the circumferential length of the
portions overlapping with each other may be larger for two adjacent protrusions far
away fiom the load point PL than for two adjacent protrusions close to the load point
PL. In other words, in two protrusions adjacent to each other in the direction along
which the virtual straight line L11 extends, edges of the end parts in the
circumferential direction intersecting the virtual straight line L11 may extend in a
direction passing through the load point PL and intersecting the virtual straight line
L11. In this case, an angle cp formed by one edge and the other edge is set
appropriately in accordance with surface rigidity against an assumed load applied to
the load point PL.
[O155]
Although not shown, also as viewed from the direction along which the
virtual straight line L12 extends, in two protrusions adjacent to each other in the
direction, the circumferential length of portions that overlap with each other can be
configured as illustrated in FIG. 17. Also asviewed from the direction along which
the virtual straight line L13 extends, in two protrusions adjacent to each other in the
direction, thc circumferential length of portions that overlap with each other can be
configured as illustrated in FIG. 17. Also as viewed from the direction along which
the virtual straight line L14 extends, in two protrusions adjacent to each other in the
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direction, the circumferential length of portions that overlap with each other can be
configured as illustrated in FIG. 17.
[0156]
The panel 140 according to the eighth embodiment described above
provides an effect similar to that of the panel 10 of the first embodiment.
[0157]
<<9. Ninth embodiment>>
A panel 160 according to a ninth embodiment will be described with
reference to FIGS. 18 and 19. FIG. 18 is a plan view of the panel 160. FIG. 19 is a
XVI-XVI cross-sectional view of FIG. 18. The panel 160 according to the ninth
embodiment differs from the panel 140 of the eighth embodiment in a configuration
of a plurality of second protrusions 162. The configuration of the second
protrusions 162 is mainly described below; description is given on differences from
the protrusions 142 of the eighth embodiment. In the following description, in the
clockwise direction, i.e., the right-handed direction, the starting point side is called
one end in the circumferential direction, and the endpoint side is called the other end
in the circumferential direction.
[0158]
The panel 160 is obtained by adding, to the panel 140 of the eighth
embodiment, a plurality (two in the present embodiment) of eighth protrusions 1621,
a plurality (two in the present embodiment) of ninth protrusions 1622, a plurality
(two in the present embodiment) of tenth protrusions 1623, and a plurality (two in the
present embodiment) of elevcnth protrusions 1624.
[0159]
19-1. Eighth protrusion>
The eighth protrusions 1621 protrude fiom a surface 1601. The eighth <.?* ~..
protrusions 1621 each include a top face 164. The top face 164 has a circular shape
in a planar view. The eighth protrusions 1621 each include a ridge line 1641. The
ridge line 1641 has a circular shape in a planar view. Like the second protrusions
1422,. the eighth protrusions 1621 are located on the first circle. The eighth
protrusions 1621 are located between the two second protrusions 1422 adjacent to
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each other in the circumferential direction.
[O 1601
19-2. Ninth protrusion>
The ninth protrusions 1622 protrude from the surface 1601. The ninth
5 protrusions 1622 each include a top face 166. The top face 166 has a circular shape
in a planar view. The ninth protrusions 1622 each include a ridge line 1661. The
ridge line 1661 has a circular shape in a planar view. Like the third protrusions
1423, the ninth protrusions 1622 are located on the second circle. The ninth
protrusions 1622 are located between the two third protrusions 1423 adjacent to each
10 other in the circumferential direction.
[0161]
<9-3. Tenth protrusion>
The tenth protrusions 1623 protrude from the surface 1601. The tenth
protfusions 1623 each include a top face 168. The top face 168 has a circular shape
15 in a planar view. The tenth protrusions 1623 each include a ridge line 1681. The
ridge line 1681 has a circular shape in a planar view. Like the fourth protrusions
1424, the tenth protrusions 1623 are located on the third circle. The tenth
protrusions 1623 are located between the two foui-th protrusions 1424 adjacent to
each other in the circumferential direction.
20 [0162]
(9-4. Eleventh protrusion>
The eleventh protrusions 1624 protrude fiom the surface 1601. The
eleventh protrusions 1624 each include a top face 170. The top face 170 has a
circular shape in a planar vicw. The eleventh protrusions 1624 each include a ridge
25 line 1701. The ridge line 1701 has a circular shape in a planar view. Like the fifth
protrusions 1425, the elevcnth~protrusions 1624 are located on the fourth circle. ha
The eleventh protrusions 1624 are located between the two fifth protrusions 1425 -
adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction.
[0163]
30 19-5. Modes of plurality of protrusions>
In the panel 160 according to the present embodiment, modes of the first
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protrusion 1421 to the eleventh protrusions 1624 are set in consideration of surface
rigidity against an assumed load applied to the load point PL. That is, as in the
panel 10 according to the first embodiment, the heights of the first protrusion 1421 to
the eleventh protrusions 1624 and the inclination angles 0 of the side faces forming
5 the first protrusion 1421 to the eleventh protrusions 1624 can be set in accordance
with the magnitude of the assumed load. In addition, as in the panel 10 according
to the first embodiment, the widths of the top faces 143, 144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154,
164, 166, 168, and 170 and the intervals between the first protmsion 1421 to the
eleventh protrusions 1624 can be set in accordance with the magnitude of the
10 assumed load. Thus, the panel 160 provided with appropriate surface rigidity in
accordance with the assumed load can be produced with high yield.
[0164]
The heights of the first protrusion 1421 to the eleventh protrusions 1624
may all be the same, or some or all may be different. The inclination angles B of the
15 side faces forming the first protrusion 1421 to the eleventh protrusions 1624 may all
be the same, or some or all may be different. Also the widths of the top faces 143,
144,146,148, 150,152, 154,164,166, 168, and 170 may all be the same, or some or
all may be different. Also the intervals between the first protrusion 1421 to the
eleventh protrusions 1624 may all be the same, or some or all may be different.
20 The ~lulnbers of the second protrusions 1422 to the eleventh protrusions 1624 can
also be set in accordance with the magnitude of the assumed load.
[0 1651
The panel 160 according to the ninth embodiment described above provides
an effect similar to that of the panel 10 of the first embodiment.
25 [0166]
<> s p
A panel 2000 according to a tenth embodiment will be described with
reference to FIG. 20. FIG. 20 is a plan view of the panel 2000. The panel 2000
according to the tenth embodiment includes a plurality of load points PL1 and PL2.
30 Provided around each of the load points P La~nd P La~rc protrusions intersecting, at a
plurality of positions, each of a plurality of virtual straight lines extending radially
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from the corresponding load points P La~nd P L ~ .H ereinafter, description will be
given using as an example the panel 2000 including, as the protrusions, the
protrusions 16 formed on the panel 10 according to the first embodiment.
[0167]
5 The panel 2000 according to the present embodiment has a rectangular
shape in a planar view. The panel 2000 has the load point PL1 at the center of a lefthalf
region 2000L and the load point PI 2 at the center of a right-half region 2000R.
The left-half region 2000L of the panel 2000 is provided with protrusions 16L
formed around the load point P L ~ . The protrusions 16L include a first protrusion
10 161 L, second protrusions 162L, and third protrusions 163L.
[0168]
The right-half region 2000R of the panel 2000 is provided with protrusions
16R formed around the load point P L ~ . The protrusions 16R include a first
protrusion 161R, second protrusions 162R, and third protrusions 163R. At a
15 boundary portion B between the left-half region 2000L and the right-half region
2000R, top faces 38L and 38R, side faces 40L and 40R, and side faces 42L and 42R
of the third protrusions 163L and 163R and the surfaces 101 on the left and right are
continuous.
[0 1691
20 In the panel 2000 illustrated in FIG. 20, at the boundary portion B between
the third protrusions 163L and 163R, a spot where the side faces 40L and 40R or the
side faces 42L and 42R are connected is formed with an acute angle. In coiltiast, as
illustrated in FIG. 21, a spot where the side faces 40L and 40R or the side faces 42L
and 42R are connected may bc provided with a curved surface to make the side faces
25 40L and 40R or the side faces 42L and 42R continuous via the curved surface. This
configuration alleviates local strcss coilcentration at the boundary portion B between
the left-half region 20002, and the right-half region 2000R in a state where a load is
applied to each of the load points P La~nd PL2.
[0 1701
30 In the panel 2000, inodes of the protrusions 16L and 16R are set in
consideration of surface rigidity against an assumed load applied to each of the load
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points P1.1 and P1,2. That is, as in the panel 10 according to the first ernbodimcnt,
the heights of the protrusions 16L and 16R and the inclination angles 0 of the side
faces forming the protrusions 16L and 16R can be set in accordance with the
magnitude of the assumed load. In addition, as in the panel 10 according to the first
5 embodiment, the widths of the top faces of the protiusions 16L and 16R and the
intervals between the protrusions 16L and 16R can be set in accordance with the
magnitude of the assumed load. Thus, the panel 2000 provided with appropriate
surface rigidity in accordance with the assumed load can be produced with high yield.
[0171]
10 The heights of the protrusions 16L and 16R may all be the same, or some or
all may be different. The inclination angles 8 of the side faces forming the
protrusions 16L and 16R may all be the same, or some or all may be different. Also
the widths of the top faces of the protrusions 16L and 16R may all be the same, or
some or all may be different. Also the intervals between the protrusions 16L and
15 16R may all be the same, or some or all may be different. The numbers of the
second protrusions 162L and 162R and the third protrusions 163L and 163R can also
be set in accordance with the magnitude of the assumed load.
[0 1721
The panel 2000 according to the tenth embodiment described above
20 provides an effect similar to that of the panel 10 of the first embodiment even in the
case where a load is applied to a plurality of positions of the panel 2000 from the
outside. In particulw, according to the panel 2000 of the present embodiment,
surface rigidity can be improved appropriately against an assumed load applied to
each of the load points PL1 and P L ~ .
25 [0173]
'The &apes of the protrusions 16L and 16R in the panel 2000 according to
the present embodiment, specifically, the shapes of the protrusions 16L and 16R in a
planar view, are not limited to circular shapes. Instead of the shapes of the
protrusions 16 in the panel 10 of the first embodiment, the shapes of the protrusions
30 in the panel of any of the second to ninth embodimeuts may be used. The shapes of
the protrusions formed in the left-half region 2000L may be the same as or different
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from the shapes of the protrusions formed in the right-half region 2000R.
[O 1741
In addition, the protrusions 16L and 16R formed around the corresponding
load points P La~nd P Lh~ave the same cross-sectional shapes, density, and formation
5 range in the panel 2000 according to the present embodiment, but the cross-sectional
shapes, density, and formation range may he changed between the protrusions 16L
and 16R in accordance with an assumed load applied to each of the load points PL1
and PL2. Hereinafter, in eleventh to twelfth embodiments, description will be given
on modifications in which protrusions formed in left and right regions have different
10 formation ranges and densities.
[0175]
<>
A panel 2100 according to an eleventh embodiment will he described with
reference to FIG. 22. FIG. 22 is a plan view of the panel 2100. In the panel 2100
15 according to the eleventh embodiment, the ranges of lefi and right regions 2100L and
2100R, that is, the formation ranges of the protrusions 16L and 16R, are different.
Description is given below on differences from the panel 2000 of the tenth
embodiment.
[0 1761
20 The panel 2100 accordiilg to the present embodiment is an example of a
panel in which an assumed load applied to the load point P Li~s larger than an
assumed load applied to the load point PL2. In this panel 2100, thc foimation rauge
of the protrusions 16L formed around the load point P L i~s made larger than the
formation range of the protrusions 16R formed around the load point PL2 so that
25 surface rigidity against a load applied to the load point P Li~s r elatively large. At a
boundauy portion B between the left-half region 2100L provided with the protrusions
16L and the right-half region 2lOOR provided with the protrusions 16R, end parts of
the sccond protrusion 162R of the protrusions 16R are formed so as to prevent
interference between the protrusions 16L and 16R.
30 [0177]
111 the panel 2100 according to the eleventh embodiment, the for~nation
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ranges of the protrusions 16L and 16R are set in consideration of surface rigidity
against an assumed load applied to each of the load points PL1 and P L ~a,n d the
formation range of the protrusions 16L formed around the load point P L w~it h a
larger assumed load is made larger. In this manner, surface rigidity centered at the
5 load point P1,l can he improved relatively, and tfius surface rigidity can be improved
appropriately against an assumed load applied to each of the load points PI,l and PL2.
101781
In the panel 2100 illustrated in FIG. 22, in forming the protrusions 16L and
16R on the front face of the panel 2100, the formation ranges of the protrusions 16L
10 and 16R are set in accordance with an assumed load applied to each of the load
points P La~nd PL2. In contrast, as illustrated in FIG. 23, within the ranges of the
left-half region 2100L including the load point P La~nd the right-half region 2100R
including the load point Pd, the formation ranges of the protrusions 16L and 16R
may be changed in accordance with assumed loads.
15 101791
The shapes of the protrusions 16L and 16R in the panel 2100 according to
the present embodiment, specifically, the shapes of the protrusions 16L and 16R in a
planar view, are not limited to circular shapes. Instead of the shapes of the
protrusions 16 in the panel 10 of the first embodiment, the shapes of the protrusions
20 in the panel of any of the second to ninth embodiments may he used. The shapes of
the protrusions formed in the lefl-half region 2100L may be the same as or different
from the shapes of the protrusions formed in the right-half region 2100R.
[0180]
<<12. Twelfth embodiment>>
25 A panel 2300 according to a twelfth embodiment will he described with
reference to FIG. 24. FIG. 24 is a plan view of the pandl2 2300. In the panel 2300
acco~dingto the twelfth emhodiment, the protrusions 16L and .l6R formed in left and
right regions 2300L and 2300R, respectively, have different densities. Description
is given hclow on differences from the panel 2000 of the twelfth enlbodiment.
30 [0181]
The panel 2300 according to the present eiubodiment is an example of a
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panel in which an assumed load applied to the load point P1.1 is larger than an
assumed load applied to the load point P L ~ . In this pancl 2100, the density of the
protrusions 16L formed around the load point P Li~s m ade higher than the density of
the protrusions 16R formed around the load point P Ls~o t hat surface rigidity against
a load applied to the load point P L i~s relatively large. At a boundary portion B
between the left-half region 2300L provided with the protrusions 16L and the righthalf
region 2300R provided with the protrusions 16R, the position of the boundary
portion B is set such that the top faces 38L and 38R, side faces 40L and 40R, and
side faces 42L and 42R of the third protrusions 163L and 163R and the surfaces 101
on the left and right are continuous.
[0 1821
In the panel 2300 according to the twelfth embodiment, the densities of the
protrusions 16L and 16R are set in consideration of surface rigidity against an
assumed load applied to each of the load points P La~nd P1.2, and the density of the
protrusions 16L formed around the load point P Lw~it h a larger assumed load is made
higher. In this manner, surface rigidity centered at the load point P L c~an be
improved relatively, and thus surface rigidity can be improved appropriately against
an assumed load applied to each of the load points P La~nd P L ~ .
[0183]
The shapes of the protrusions 16L and 16R in the panel 2300 according to
the present embodiment, specifically, the shapes of the protrusions 16L and 16R in a
planar view, are not limited to circular shapes. , Instead of the shapes of the
protrusions 16 in the panel 10 of thc first embodiment, the shapes of the protrusions
in the panel of any of the second to ninth embodiments may be used. The shapes of
the protrusions formed in the left-half region 2300L may be the same as or different
from thc shapes of the protrusions formed in the right-half region 2300R. In
.addition to the densities of the prohxsions 16L and 16R, the formation ranges of the
protrusions 16L and 16R may be set in accordance with assumed loads.
[Examples]
[0 1 841
PCT application No.: PCT/JP20151057467
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For the panel according to Example 8, surface rigidity in the cases of
different angles cp shown in FIG. 17 was evaluated by FEM analysis. Specifically,
30 the angles cp of 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, and 40 degrees were
assumed. For comparison, surface rigidity was evaluated by FEM analysis also for
PCT application No.: PCT/JP2015/057467
61165
the panel according to Example 1 and the panel according to Conlparative Example 1.
Here, the panel according to Examplc 1 co~~espondtos the case of the angle cp being
90 degrees. Analysis conditions were the same as those for Evaluation 1.
101951
5 (Analysis results)
FIGS. 31 to 34 show the analysis results. FIG. 31 is a graph showing the
results when the range of load application had a 20-mm-square square shape. FIG.
32 is a graph showing the results when the range of load application had a 50-mmsquare
square shape. FIG. 33 is a graph showing the results when the range of load
10 application had a 100-mm-square square shape. FIG. 34 is a graph showing the
results when the range of load application had a 150-mm-square square shape.
[0196]
As shown in FIGS. 31 to 34, larger angles cp resulted in more improved
surface rigidity.
15 [0197]
The preferred embodiment(s) of the present invention haslhave been
described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, whilst the present
invention is not limited to the above examples. A person skilled in the art may find
various alterations and modifications within the scope of the appended claims, and it
20 should be understood that they will naturally come under the technical scope of the
present invention.
[0198]
For example, the panel need not have a peripheral edge for attaching the
panel to another member, around a region where the protrusions are formed (the
25 reinforced section in the above embodiments). The region where the protrusions
are formed (the reinforced section in the above embodiments) may be for~ned on w.
flat surface, or may be formed on a curved surface. A portion where a ridge line is
formed may be subjected to filleting.
[0 1991
30 The above embodiments illustrate modes in which a plurality of protrusions
are arranged at regular intervals in a predetermined cross section passing through the
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load point PI. In order for a load to be received uniformly, it is preferable to
arrange a plurality of protrusions at regular intervals in a prcdetermined cross section
passing through the load point PIJ as in these embodiments. However, the intervals
between the protrusions may differ entirely or partially in the panel as long as
5 characteristics required of the panel are allowed. For convenience in design, etc.,
there may be a portion where the protrusions are not provided. For example, the
protrusions may be pai-tially chipped as long as characteristics required of the panel
are allowed.
10 Reference Signs List
[0200]
10 panel
12 reinforced section
14 peripheral edge
15 16 protmsion
18, 26,32,38 top face
20,28, 30,34, 36,40,42 side face
22 first ring-shaped protrusion
24 second ring-shaped protrusion
20 161 first protrusion
162 second protrusion
163 third protrusion
181, 261,262, 321, 322, 381,382 ridge line
Lll, L12, L13, L14 virtual straight line
25 PL load point
PCT application No.: PCTlJP20151057467
63/65
CLAIMS
Claim 1
A panel comprising:
a load point to which a load is applied from the outside; and
a protrusion that protrudes from a surface of the panel and is formed
continuously or discontinuously around the load point,
wherein the protrusion intersects, at a plurality of positions, each of a
plurality of virtual straight lines extending radially from the load point.
10 Claim 2
The panel according to claim 1,
wherein the load point is a junction with another member.
Claim 3
15 The panel according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a plurality of the load
points,
wherein at least one of density, a formation range, and a cross-sectional
shape of the protrusion differs in accordance with an assumed load applied to the
load point.
20
Claim 4
The panel according to claim 3,
wherein, at a boundary portion where the protrusions formed around the
corresponding plurality of load points intersect each other, side faces of the
25 protrusions are continuous via a curved surface.
I# i-
Claim 5
The panel according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
wherein a ridge line of the protrusion perpendicularly intersects the plurality
30 of virtual straight lines.
PCT application No.: PCT/JP2015/057467
64/65
Claim 6
The panel according to one of claims 1 to 5,
wherein the plurality of virtual straight lines are straight lines connecting the
load point and a plurality of vertices of the panel.
5 .. .. .. ... ~...
Claim 7
The panel according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
wherein the protrusion includes a top face parallel to the surface of the panel.
10 Claim 8
The panel according to any one of claims I to 7,
wherein the protrusion includes a plurality of ring-shaped protrusions
formed concentrically, and
wherein the center of the ring-shaped protrusion coincides with the load
15 point.
Claim 9
The panel according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
wherein the protrusion includes a spiral-shaped protrusion whose base point
20 is the load point.
Claim 10 .
The panel according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
wherein the panel is made of a steel sheet.
25 . .
Claim 11
The panel according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
wherein the panel is a floor panel of an automobile.