SPECIFICATIONS
TITLE OF THE INVENTION
Pavement body, Method for Constructing Pavement body, and
Mold Form for Concrete
FIELD OF THE ART
This invention relates to a pavement body, a method
for constructing a pavement body, and a mold form for
concrete whose water holding property and water permeable
property are improved by using a porous aggregate mixture.
BACKGROUND ART
A pavement shown in the patent document 1 is known as
a pavement having water holding property and water absorbing
property. The pavement described in this document comprises
at least a surface layer, a base course and a roadbed down
from the top in this order. The surface layer having the
water holding property is formed by filling the water
holding cement milk that holds the water in a void of the
pavement layer made of open graded asphalt of a
predetermined thickness. The base course located next to the
surface layer is set as a water holding base course layer
whose thickness is thicker than the thickness of the surface
layer and that is made of aggregate comprising countless
numbers of micro bores that hold water. With this
arrangement, a large amount of the water can be held by a
combination of the water holding surface layer and the water
holding base course layer.
In addition, for example, a pavement body shown in the
patent document 2 is known as a pavement body that can
produce an effect of lowering the surface temperature of the
pavement.
The pavement described in this document relates to a
road pavement structure where a water permeable pavement
material inside of which voids are provided is laid as a
pavement part of the road. The pavement part of the road
pavement structure comprises a water permeable layer made of
a water permeable pavement material and a water holding
layer that is made of the water permeable material into
which a water holding material is impregnated, and the water
permeable layer or the water holding layer is dispersed
toward a plain surface of the surface of the road.
PRIOR ART DOCUMENT
PATENT DOCUMENT
Patent document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application
Publication No. 2008-156944
Patent document 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application
Publication No. 2002-250001
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION
However, with the arrangement of the patent document 1,
in case that an amount of the water exceeds a water holding
capacity, there is a problem that excessive water spills
over the road surface. In addition, in case that the
moisture of the held water evaporates, artificial heat
thermally stored on the surface layer or solar heat is
emitted so that it can be a cause of a heat island
phenomenon that the outside air temperature rises.
Meanwhile, with the arrangement of the patent document
2, since the water permeable pavement member is laid on the
base course part, and then the water holding slurry material
is dispersed and impregnated toward the plain surface of the
surface of the water permeable pavement part, an operation
to pave the pavement part becomes very troublesome.
In addition, in case of an arrangement of a
conventional surface drain pavement wherein the surface of
the pavement inclines at the same angle from a center toward
both ends in the width direction by a certain distance and
the remaining distance of the surface of the pavement
inclines at an angle bigger than the above-mentioned angle,
there are problems such that the water exceeding the range
of holding water and permeable water flows into a main
sewerage at once and the water exceeding the drainage
capacity might flow back to the pavement, or the overflown
water becomes an obstacle for traffic of bicycles or two-
wheel vehicles running on a side strip, even though the
surface layer part is provided with the water holding
property or the water permeable property.
A main object of this invention is to fundamentally
solve the above-mentioned problems by reconsidering a raw
material used for the pavement body or a structure of the
pavement body.
MEANS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMS
In order to attain the above object, the present
claimed invention takes the following measures.
More specifically, a pavement body of this invention
is characterized by comprising at least two layers, wherein
a porous aggregate mixture made by mixing a porous material
with a solidification material of a cement system is laid
and a surface layer material having a water permeable
function is laid on the porous aggregate mixture.
In accordance with this invention, since the pavement
body has the water holding property and the water permeable
property, it is possible to store the water on the top part
of the roadbed and to soak the water into the roadbed
moderately. As a result, at a time of rain, it is possible
to reduce excessive water to enter into the roadbed by
improving the water drainage and storing the water in the
pavement body. In case that the drought continues, since the
water stored in the pavement body is sucked up and
furthermore the water is sucked up from the roadbed through
the pavement body, temperature rise on the surface layer can
be effectively prevented.
At this time, in order to adjust an amount of the
water that penetrates into the roadbed without excess or
deficiency, it is preferable that a semi impermeable film
having both the water permeable function and a blocking
property is formed on a boundary between the porous
aggregate mixture and the roadbed locating under the porous
aggregate mixture.
In order to introduce the excessive water to a
drainage facility appropriately, it is effective that the
semi impermeable film is inclined in a direction of a drain.
In order to eliminate a town ditch, it is preferable
that a surface of a road pavement is formed by laying the
surface layer material in a flat state from one end part in
a width direction to the other end part without any cross
slope from a center to each end in the width direction.
As another arrangement to realize the same object
represented is that a surface of a road pavement is formed
with the surface layer material having the water permeable
function inclined from a center to one end part toward a
width direction and the center to the other end part by a
certain cross slope respectively.
In addition, in order to discharge the excessive water
into the drainage facility, it is preferable that a semi
impermeable film is inclined in a direction of a drain.
In order to alleviate a worried "remixing" phenomenon
that the roadbed becomes muddy due to vibration from the
surface layer part in a state that the rainfall infiltrates
into the deepest part, it is preferable that a crushed stone
base course is laid underneath the porous aggregate mixture
made by mixing the porous material with the solidification
material of the cement system, and furthermore a porous
material without including a mixture such as a
solidification material is laid underneath the crushed stone
base course.
In order to make it possible to provide this invention
at a low cost and also to contribute to the ecology largely
by recycling the industrial waste, it is preferable that the
porous material is clinker ash.
In order to lay the pavement body without excavating a
roadbed of a current road, it is preferable that a current
pavement is taken away so as to expose a roadbed, a middle
layer part comprising the porous aggregate mixture is
constructed, and a surface layer part comprising the surface
layer material having the water permeable function is
constructed sequentially.
In order to newly construct the pavement body
effectively, it is preferable to construct a base layer part
comprising a porous material without including the mixture
such as the solidification material, a second middle layer
part comprising the crushed stone base course, a middle
layer part comprising the porous aggregate mixture, and the
surface layer part comprising a surface layer material
having the water permeable function sequentially from a
bottom to a top.
In addition, a mold form for concrete in accordance
with this invention is a porous aggregate mixture made by
mixing a porous material with a solidification material of a
cement system molded into a plate shape, inside of which
concrete is casted and the mold form is backfilled as a part
of a concrete structure.
The mold form has both the superior water permeable
property and the superior water absorbing property, and the
surplus water generating during casting the ready-mixed
concrete is discharged outside and the water necessary for
hardening the concrete is kept inside of the mold form by
means of the water holding property and the water is
supplied to inside of the concrete gradually in accordance
with a reaction heat at a time when the concrete is hardened.
With this property, it is possible to secure the hardness of
the concrete structure. In addition, it is difficult to
treat the bleeding water as being the strong alkali water
such that the blooding water requires to be neutralized with
sulfuric acid at a time of casting the concrete, however, if
most part of the bleeding water is confined to inside of the
mold form, it is possible to dissolve this concern.
Furthermore, the pavement body of this invention other
than the above-mentioned pavement body is characterized by
that a middle layer part is formed by laying a porous
aggregate mixture made by mixing a porous material with a
solidification material of a cement system on a concrete
floor slab overhanging from a base part, and a surface layer
part is formed by laying a surface layer material on the
middle layer part so that a base course having a water
absorbing property and a water permeable property is formed
on a platform of a train.
A temperature on the platform for electric trains
rises during summer due to the outside air temperature or
influence from thermal storage in a train body, even though
the direct sun light is shut out on the platform. However,
the platform is made of the pavement body having water
holding property and water permeable property, it is
possible to restrain temperature rise in a surrounding area.
EFFECT OF THE INVENTION
As mentioned, in accordance with this invention, since
the pavement body is made of the material having both the
water holding property and the water permeable property so
that it is possible to soak the water through the roadbed
appropriately in addition to keep the water, the water is
kept and soaked up at a dried time and furthermore in a case
that no water is supplied to the roadbed during a long
period such as drought, the water is soaked up and it is
possible to deter the temperature rise on the surface layer.
In addition, since the water can be absorbed at any place on
the asphalt locating at the surface layer, and the water is
kept at any place, it is possible to realize a well drained
arrangement without forming puddles and there will be no
case that a large amount of water flows into a drain at once
at a time of torrential rain. Then it is possible to provide
the pavement body that prevents a large amount of water from
flowing in a drainage pipe.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a pavement
body in accordance with one embodiment of this invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a developed
example of the pavement body to a road.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a pavement
body in accordance with a second embodiment of this
invention.
Fig. 4 is a view showing the other example to apply
the pavement body of this invention.
Fig. 5 is a view showing a further different example
to apply the pavement body of this invention.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the other
example to apply the porous aggregate mixture of this
invention.
Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a
configuration of a conventional pavement body.
BEST MDDES OF EMBODYING THE INVENTION
One embodiment of this invention will be explained with
reference to drawings.
(First embodiment)
Fig. 1 shows a cross-section of a pavement body (1) in
accordance with this embodiment that can be applied to, so
called, the L transportation {less than 100 (number of
cars/day'direction)}, and furthermore the B transportation
(more than or equal to 250 and less than 1000 (number of
cars/ day"direction)}. A middle layer part 12 comprising a
porous aggregate mixture made by mixing clinker ash (CA) as
a porous material with a solidification material of a cement
system is laid and a surface layer part (11) comprising a
material (b) having a permeable function is laid on the
middle layer part 12 so that a base course la is formed with
the two layers; the surface layer part 11 and the middle
layer part 12.
The clinker ash is contained by about 15% in a coal ash
generated after finely crushed coal is burned at a high
temperature (1300*C) in a thermal plant or a steel plant.
The clinker ash is burned particles that are mutually
coagulated in a boiler and that fall and accumulate in a
water tank of a bottom part of the boiler. And the remainder
is called as fly ash. Both the clinker ash and the fly ash
used to be treated on the scrap as industrial waste. Since
the clinker ash has a lot of micro pores so that its surface
area is big, it is very light and superior in water
permeability, and superior in water holding property such
that about 40% of its volume can be stored as well. Then in
this embodiment, the clinker ash is used for the pavement
body 1 in order to give a good water drainage property and a
water suction property to the road, in addition to
reutilization of resources. Since most part of a composition
of the clinker ash consists of silica or alumina, the
clinker ash is strong in the aggregate strength so that
there is no fear in the strength after used (after added).
In this embodiment used is a porous aggregate mixture (a)
that is made of at least a solidification material of a
cement system mixed with the clinker ash having a specific
diameter among the discharged coal ash, and that is tightly
hardened. A mixing ratio is, for example, 1 : 0.14-0.15.
Since the clinker ash is burned at a high temperature while
mixing, no organic matter (a root of a plant or harmful
germs) exists in the material so that it has a merit of
facilitating a reaction of solidification material mixed
while used (at a time of processing).
Although the fly ash also contains silica or alumina,
it is in a powdery state so as to attach to a wall surface
of the boiler and too fine to expect a desired water
permeability and water holding property because the fly ash
solidifies in a clogged state if the solidification material
of the cement system is mixed. As a result, it uses the
clinker ash whose particle diameter is bigger than that of
the fly ash.
Since the clinker ash is superior in water permeability
and water holding property, it contains water even though it
is left as it is. However, if the clinker ash contains water,
the clinker ash solidifies in a clogged state at a time of
mixing with the solidification material of the cement system.
Meanwhile, if water is short, the solidification becomes
insufficient, resulting in shortage of the strength. Then it
is necessary to solidify the porous aggregate mixture (a) by
developing a reaction of the solidification material of the
cement system without clogging while necessary water (fresh
water) and an additive are added.
As a preferable embodiment, it has been verified by an
experiment that it is extremely effective to use a particle
size of the clinker ash as being a main material smaller
than or equal to 20mm (in this regard, the particle size of
0.074mm or smaller occupies less than or equal to 5% of the
total), the mixing ratio (a dry soil weight ratio) of the
porous aggregate mixture (a) is the clinker ash as being the
main material : the solidification material of the cement
system = 1 : 0.07-0.2, and the fresh water 0.18-0.25 and the
additive (150-200/1 dilution) are added to the porous
aggregate mixture (a).
With this arrangement, it is possible to obtain a
concretion of the porous aggregate mixture (a) having a
necessary strength with keeping the water holding property
and water permeability.
However, although the above-mentioned porous aggregate
mixture (a) has the strength, it is hard to say that the
porous aggregate mixture (a) as a surface layer material is
enough strong to directly apply to the B transportation
where heavy loaded trucks with heavy weight run. More
specifically, there is still a problem in the strength such
as an abrasion resistance, and in view of the particle shape
of the material, in order to get rid of this problem it
becomes necessary to cast a large amount of solidification
material and to knead the expensive additive and also there
are a lot of problems in conducting maintenance. Then in
this embodiment, the base course la is formed based on a
totally new idea that the asphalt mixture (b) is laid as
being a surface layer material on the surface layer material
11, and a middle layer part 12 comprising the porous
aggregate mixture (a) using the clinker ash is arranged
directly below the surface layer material 11.
The asphalt mixture (b) is a water permeable asphalt
mixture whose strength is improved by mixing an aggregate
into, so called, a part of a water permeable asphalt that is
superior in water permeability.
In this embodiment, a thickness of the middle layer
part 12 comprising the clinker ash mixture is 100~300mm, and
a thickness of the surface layer part 11 comprising the
asphalt mixture is 40~50mm. The total thickness of the
pavement is set at generally the same as a construction
thickness of a general asphalt mixture. As a result,
construction of the pavement can be completed by taking away
a current pavement (asphalt) so as to expose the roadbed (A),
and then by constructing the middle layer part 12 and the
surface layer part 11 sequentially. Then it is possible to
construct the pavement by avoiding disturbing a surface of
the roadbed (A) at a time of excavation without accompanying
discharge of earth and sand due to excavation. It is a
matter of course that a thickness of the pavement can be set
at the optimal value with considering the water permeability
in case of constructing a new road, and it is not always
required to construct the pavement without excavation of a
roadbed (A) of the current road. In case of constructing a
new road, an arrangement shown in Fig. 3, to be described
later, is also effective.
In addition, in this embodiment, a semi water
impermeable film 13 is arranged at a boundary between the
middle layer part 12 comprising the porous aggregate mixture
(a) and the roadbed (A) locating below the middle layer part
12. Since the semi water impermeable film 13 uses an asphalt
emulsion that can be sprayed and mixed at a normal
temperature on the roadbed (A), the semi water impermeable
film 13 is formed on the roadbed (A) prior to construction
of the middle layer part 12 and is designed not to shut
water toward the roadbed (A) completely but to penetrate
water to a certain degree. Since the asphalt emulsion can be
sprayed and mixed at a normal temperature, it is
environmentally more friendly such as energy saving and CO2
suppression compared with a conventional method and
extremely superior in safety because a fire unlikely occurs.
In addition, in case of constructing the pavement, the semi
water impermeable film 13 is constructed to incline about
2-3° in a direction of a drain (B) buried at a side of a
road so as to send out the excessive water that fails to
penetrate from the drain (B) to a drainage facility (C).
The pavement body 1 having the above-mentioned
arrangement in accordance with this embodiment is the base
course la that comprises the middle layer part 12 formed by
laying the porous aggregate mixture (a) made by mixing the
porous material with the solidification material of the
cement system and the surface layer material 11 formed by
laying the asphalt mixture (b) having the water permeable
function on middle layer part 12. As mentioned, since the
concrete mixture (b) having the water permeable property is
used for the surface layer part 11 and the porous aggregate
mixture (a) is used for the middle layer part 12 just below
the surface layer part 11, the base course la comprising the
surface layer part 11 and the middle layer part 12 has the
water holding property and the water permeable property so
that it is possible for the water to appropriately soak
through the roadbed (A) locating below the two layers 11, 12.
As a result, at a time of drying, the water held in the
middle layer part 12 is sucked up through the surface layer
part 11, and in case that dry weather further continues so
that there is no supply of the water to the base course la
comprising the surface layer part 11 and the middle layer
part 12, it is possible to suck the water from the roadbed
(A) so that temperature rise on the surface layer part 11
can be prevented. Then, it is possible to more effectively
prevent a heat island phenomenon compared with a
conventional structure of the pavement body that completely
blocks the water from entering the roadbed (A) so that this
arrangement contributes also to reduction of CO2
significantly.
In addition, in case that the amount of rainfall
increases, since the pavement body 1 is superior in water
absorption and water permeability, it is possible to absorb
the water at any place of the surface layer part 11 and to
keep the water at any place of the surface layer part 11. As
a result, since a large amount of water will never flow into
the drain (B) at once, it is possible to prevent a large
amount of water from entering into a drainage facility (C)
so that it is extremely effective as countermeasures against
disaster such as a flood in an urban area or soil avalanche
due to slope collapse. For the pavement body 1, in case that
the amount of the rainfall per hour is about 70mm, surface
drainage is not necessary and the water penetrates inside of
the pavement body 1 and furthermore the roadbed (A) and it
is possible for the clinker ash to keep the water more than
or equal to 40% of its volume. In case that the amount of
the rainfall exceeds a certain amount, since the excessive
rainfall can be discharged through the drains (B) arranged
at certain intervals, it is possible to effectively reduce a
possibility of remaining the water such as a puddle on the
surface layer part 11.
In addition, since the pavement body 1 of this
embodiment forms the semi water impermeable film 13 having
both the water permeable function and the blocking function
at the boundary between the middle layer part 12 comprising
the porous aggregate mixture (a) and the roadbed (A)
locating below the middle layer part 12, it is possible to
appropriately adjust the excessive water over the roadbed
(A) or ill water drainage of the base course la.
Especially, since the semi water impermeable film 13 is
inclined in a direction of the drains (B), if the excessive
water is arranged to flow into the drainage facility (C),
after an appropriate amount of the water permeates into the
roadbed (A), the surplus water flows smoothly to the
direction of the drains (B) along the inclination of the
semi water impermeable film 13. As a result, no water
remains on the surface layer part 11 and a part of the water
soaks into the roadbed (A) and further excessive water is
appropriately drained.
As mentioned, since ill water drainage is improved, as
shown in Fig. 2, it is possible to construct the surface of
the pavement of the road flatly by laying the asphalt
mixture (b) as being the surface layer material on the
surface layer part 11 flat without a cross slope from a
center 11a in the width direction of the road to each end
lib. More specifically, for a conventional pavement body 31
of a road as shown in Fig. 7 since it is considered that
water is not allowed to enter into the roadbed (A), an oil-
based film is formed between the pavement body 31 and the
roadbed (A) to block water penetration and a cross slope of
a downward-sloping of about 2% is arranged from a center 31a
in the width direction of the road to an area (ra) near an
end part 31b and a cross slope of a downward-sloping of
about 5% is arranged in a side strip part (n) and the side
strip part (n) is constructed by a concrete town ditch (D)
having a side ditch and the water is discharged from the
discharge facility (E) to a sewage piping(F). An opposite
side of the center 31a has an inverse draft. As a result,
there are problems such that rainwater gathers near the side
strip part (n) and bicycles or two-wheel vehicles running on
the side strip part (n) are forced to experience a dangerous
state due to shortage of drainage capacity. Contrary, with
the arrangement shown in Fig. 2, since the base course la is
superior in water penetration, any part of the surface layer
part 11 absorbs the water and any part penetrates the water.
Then, it is possible to discharge the water by means of a
porous pipe 14 or a discharge drain without running over the
drainage capacity, even though no town ditch (D) is arranged
at the side strip part (n) of the surface layer part 11 as
shown in Fig. 7. As a result, rainfall never gathers near
the side strip part (n) and it is possible to effectively
prevent a risk for bicycles or two-wheel vehicles running on
the side strip part (n) . In Fig. 7, a code 101 indicates a
sidewalk paved with the asphalt mixture, and a code 102
indicates a concrete partition that pegs out an edge part of
the sidewalk 101.
In addition, since the above-mentioned pavement body 1
uses the clinker ash as the porous material, it is possible
to obtain the material without any cost or at a low price
and to contribute to the ecology largely by recycling the
industrial waste.
In case of Fig. 2, the surface of the road pavement may
be formed with a certain cross slope (for example, about 2%)
from the center 11a toward a direction in the width
direction of the surface layer part 11 having the water
permeable function to one end part lib and from the center
11a to the other end part lib respectively. As mentioned, if
the gradient is constant and gentle, it is possible to
alleviate gathering of the rainfall to the side strip part
(n) . In addition, it is possible to effectively prevent
traffic disturbances for bicycles or two-wheel vehicles
running on the side strip part (n) and to effectively
discharge the water on the surface of the surface layer part
11 as much as reasonably.
The road to which the above-mentioned arrangement is
applied is not only a roadway where vehicles run but also a
sideway.
(Second embodiment)
The pavement body 2 shown in Fig. 3 has the same water
absorption function and water permeable function as that of
the base course la of the above-mentioned embodiment in a
point that the middle layer part 22 is formed by laying the
porous aggregate mixture (a) and the water permeable asphalt
mixture (b) as being the surface layer material having the
water permeable function is laid on the middle layer part 22
so as to form the surface layer part 21. In this embodiment,
a base course 2a is formed further with a second middle
layer part 23 that is formed underneath the middle layer
part 22 comprising the porous aggregate mixture (a) by
arranging a crushed stone base course (c), and a base layer
part 24 that is formed underneath the second middle layer
part 23 by arranging a porous material (d) without
containing a mixture. The porous aggregate mixture (a) is
used by tightly hardening a mixture of the clinker ash and
the solidification material of the cement system, the
surface layer material (b) is the water permeable asphalt
mixture. The crushed stone base course (c) is made of a
mixture of the cement concrete and the crushed stones with a
mixing ratio of 1 : 1. The porous material (d) without
containing a mixture is a particle body of the clinker ash
itself.
As shown in Fig. 3, a thickness of the middle layer
part 22 comprising the porous aggregate mixture is designed
to be within a range between 100mm and 300mm, thinner than a
thickness of the middle layer part 12 shown in Fig. 1, and a
thickness of the surface layer part 21 is designed to be
within a range between 40mm and 50mm, thicker than a
thickness of the surface layer part 11 shown in Fig. 1 so
that a total thickness becomes generally the same as that of
the base course la in Fig. 1. The base layer part 24
comprising porous material (d) without containing a mixture
is designed to be thicker than any other layer part, for
example, about 300mm. The roadbed (A) is preliminarily
excavated in depth (about 300mm) comparable to the thickness
of the base layer part 24 prior to laying the base layer
part 24. As a result, it is effective especially for a case
of constructing a new road.
Also in this case, as a preferable embodiment, it has
been verified by an experiment that it is extremely
effective to use a particle size of the clinker ash as being
the main material smaller than or equal to 20mm (in this
regard, the particle size of 0.074mm or smaller occupies
less than or equal to 5% of the total), a mixing ratio (a
dry soil weight ratio) of the porous aggregate mixture (a)
is the clinker ash as being the main material : the
solidification material of the cement system = 1 : 0.07~0.2,
and the fresh water 0.18-0.25 and the additive (150-200/1
dilution) are added to the porous aggregate mixture (a).
With this arrangement, since the base layer part 24
adjusts the water containing ratio of the soil of the
roadbed (A), it prevents the roadbed (A) from absorbing a
large amount of water rapidly. Then, it is possible to
effectively alleviate a worried "remixing" phenomenon that
the roadbed (A) becomes muddy due to vibration from the
surface layer part 21 in a state that the rainfall
penetrating into the deepest part of the base layer part 24
enters the roadbed (A). Since the base course 2a is
supported by the crushed stone base course (c), it is
possible to effectively form the base layer part 24
comprising the porous material (d) at the above-mentioned
deepest part with keeping the water permeability and
strength.
(Other applied example 1 of the pavement body of this
invention)
The pavement body 4 shown in Fig. 4 is an example to
which the present claimed invention is applied in order to
form a base course of a parking lot. The pavement body 4 is
so arranged that a base course 4a having a water absorbing
property and water permeable property is formed by a base
layer part 43 comprising a crushed stone base course (c), a
middle layer part 42 comprising a porous aggregate mixture
(a) made by at least mixing clinker ash as being a porous
material and a solidification material of a cement system
formed on the base layer part 43, and a surface layer part
41 comprising a surface layer material (b) having the water
permeable function formed on the middle layer part 42 so as
to penetrate surplus water into a discharge channel 44
exiting between the base course 4a and the roadbed (A)
underneath of the base course 4a and to introduce the water
into a water tank (G).
In an ordinary parking lot, the rainfall passes a
discharge channel in the parking lot due to a yard drain, and
is treated in an outside (public sewerage). If the pavement
body 4 is used for this kind of the parking lot, since the
pavement body 4 is superior in water permeability and water
holding property, if a water tank (G) as mentioned above is
arranged under the parking lot and the surplus water is
stored in the water tank (G) without being discharged into
the sewerage, it is possible to reuse the water stored in
the water tank (G) for toilet in a store or for sprinkling
water for plants. It is necessary that a size of the water
tank (G) stores at least more than or equal to 80% of the
present capacity to the sewerage. As a facility, it is
preferable that a water spraying cock is arranged at an
appropriate position in the parking lot and the water stored
in the water tank (G) can be sprinkled to the pavement body
4 during summer when the temperature is high and
transpiration of water is strong. In case of a parking lot
in a large leisure facility or in a shopping mall, it is
possible to alleviate a heat island phenomenon by lowering a
surface temperature of the surface layer part 41 that has a
broad area, and it is also possible to save resources by
reusing the rainfall stored in the water tank (G) and to
prevent a disaster at a time of heavy rain.
(Other applied example 2 of the pavement body of this
invention)
The pavement body 5 shown in Fig. 5 shows an example of
this invention applied to a platform for electric trains.
The pavement body 5 is so arranged that a middle layer part
52 is formed by laying a porous aggregate mixture (a) using
a clinker ash on an existing roadbed A' and a surface layer
part 51 is formed on the middle layer part 52 by laying
water permeable plate blocks (b') as a surface layer
material. With this arrangement, a base course 5a having
water absorbing property and water permeable property is
formed. Since the existing roadbed A' overhangs a base part
(Z) locating under the existing roadbed A', the surplus
water penetrating the base course 5a is discharged from the
overhanging part to the downward.
A temperature on the platform for electric trains rises
during summer due to the outside air temperature or
influence from thermal storage in a train body, even though
the direct sun light is shut out on the platform. However,
if the platform is made of the pavement body 5 having the
water holding property and the water permeable property, it
is possible to restrain temperature rise in a surrounding
area.
The platform locates outdoor, however there is a roof
over the platform. Then the platform is not likely exposed
to the direct sun light and rainfall. However, it is
difficult to restrain the temperature rise on the platform
because the roof exposed to the sun light stores heat or the
train itself possesses heat during summer. Then if the
platform as being underfoot is made of the pavement body 5
having superior water holding property and water permeable
property, as shown in Fig. 5, it is possible to restrain the
temperature rise in whole of the platform by making use of a
characteristic that the vaporization heat deprives ambient
temperature at a time when the heat of the surface layer
part 51 evaporates the water held in the pavement body 5.
In this case, as a preferable embodiment, it is
extremely effective to use a particle size of the clinker
ash as being the main material smaller than or equal to 20mm
(in this-regard, the particle size of 0.074mm or smaller
occupies less than or equal to 5% of the total), a mixing
ratio (a dry soil weight ratio) of the porous aggregate
mixture (a) is the clinker ash as being the main material :
the solidification material of the cement system = 1 :
0.10-0.20, and the fresh water 0.18-0.25 and the additive
(150-200/1 dilution) are added to the porous aggregate
mixture (a).
(Other applied example of the porous aggregate mixture
used for this invention)
In case of constructing a large-scaled concrete
structure (X) such as the above-mentioned discharge facility
(C), (E) or the water tank (G), it is effective to form a
mold form 200 by using the porous aggregate mixture (a) as
shown in Fig. 6.
More specifically, in case of forming a building frame
such as the concrete structure (X), ordinarily there is a
troublesome procedure such that a slum value of a ready-
mixed concrete has to be measured. In addition, if the slump
value is big, it is not possible to keep a sufficient
strength of the concrete structure (X). Furthermore,
ordinarily since the mold form is made of wood, its wood
chip might be mixed into the concrete structure (X) so as to
influence on the strength of the concrete structure (X).
Then, similar to the above-mentioned embodiment, the porous
aggregate mixture (a) is made by mixing and kneading the
solidification material of the cement system into the
clinker ash as being the porous material and an additive and
fresh water are mixed and kneaded so as to be formed into a
plate shape having a thickness of 30 ~ 50mm. This is used
for the mold form 200 for the concrete structure (X) and
after concrete is casted inside of the mold form 200, only a
mine timbering 300 is dismounted. And then, the mold form
200 and the casted concrete are backfilled.
In this case, as a preferable embodiment, it has been
verified by an experiment that it is extremely effective to
use a particle size of the clinker ash of 0.074mm ~ 25mm, a
mixing ratio (a dry soil weight ratio) of the porous
aggregate mixture (a) is the clinker ash as being the main
material : the solidification material of the cement system
= 1:0.15-0.25, the fresh water 0.18-0.25 and the additive
(150-200/1 dilution) are added to the porous aggregate
mixture (a), and then a load (more than or equal to lOOOKg)
is applied so as to form the mold form 200.
The mold form 200 has both the superior water permeable
property and the superior water absorbing property, and the
surplus water generating during casting the ready-mixed
concrete is discharged outside and the water necessary for
hardening the concrete is kept inside of the mold form 200
by means of the water holding property and the water is
supplied to inside of the concrete gradually in accordance
with a reaction heat at a time when the concrete is hardened.
With this property, it is possible to secure the hardness of
the concrete structure (X). In addition, it is difficult to
treat the bleeding water as being the strong alkali water
such that the blooding water requires to be neutralized with
sulfuric acid at a time of casting the concrete, however, if
most part of the bleeding water is confined to inside of the
mold form 200, it is possible to dissolve this concern.
In case that a wooden panel is used for a mold form,
dust might generate and the dust might be mixed into inside
of the structure at a time of casting the concrete so that
the strength of the structure might be influenced. If the
above-mentioned mold form is used, it is possible to prevent
the dust from mixing into the concrete.
In addition, with this arrangement, since it is easy to
process the mold form 200 while its strength is kept, it is
possible to improve the working efficiency.
The slump of the ready-mixed concrete is ordinarily
about 8, however, it is possible to set the viscosity of the
ready-mixed concrete at about 12 or over. With this
arrangement, liquidity of the ready-mixed concrete is
improved so that the working efficiency in casting the
ready-mixed concrete is improved largely. Since the bleeding
water is filled in the panel, it is possible to prevent the
junker (rock pocket) that generates at a time when the
ready-mixed concrete of high viscosity is casted.
Some embodiments of this invention are explained,
however, each concrete arrangement is not limited to the
above-mentioned embodiments and may be variously modified
without departing from a spirit of the invention. For
example, instead of the clinker ash, the porous material can
be substituted by a material having the water permeable
property, the water holding property and the strength.
POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY
As mentioned, in accordance with this invention, since
the pavement body is made of the material having both the
water holding property and the water permeable property so
that it is possible to soak the water through the roadbed
appropriately in addition to keep the water, the water is
kept and soaked up at a dried time and furthermore in a case
that no water is supplied to the roadbed during a long
period such as drought, the water is soaked up and it is
possible to deter the temperature rise on the surface layer.
In addition, since the water can be absorbed at any place on
the asphalt locating at the surface layer, and the water is
kept at any place, it is possible to realize a well drained
arrangement without forming puddles and there will be no
case that a large amount of water flows into a drain at once
at a time of torrential rain. Then it is possible to provide
the pavement body that prevents a large amount of water from
flowing in a drainage pipe.
CLAIMS
[Claim 1] A pavement body characterized by comprising at
least two layers, wherein a porous aggregate mixture made by
mixing a porous material with a solidification material of a
cement system is laid and a surface layer material having a
water permeable function is laid on the porous aggregate
mixture.
[Claim 2] The pavement body described in claim 1, wherein a
semi impermeable film having both the water permeable
function and a blocking function is formed at a boundary
between the porous aggregate mixture and a roadbed locating
under the porous aggregate mixture.
[Claim 3] The pavement body described in claim 2, wherein
the semi impermeable film is inclined in a direction of a
drain.
[Claim 4] The pavement body described in claim lf wherein a
surface of a road pavement is formed by laying the surface
layer material in a flat state from one end part in a width
direction to the other end part without any cross slope from
a center to each end in the width direction.
[Claim 5] The pavement body described in claim 1, wherein a
surface of a road pavement is formed with the surface layer
material having the water permeable function inclined from a
center to one end part toward a width direction and the
center to the other end part by a certain cross slope
respectively.
[Claim 6] The pavement body described in claim 1, wherein a
crushed stone base course is laid underneath the porous
aggregate mixture made by mixing the porous material with
the solidification material of the cement system, and
furthermore a porous material without including a mixture
such as a solidification material is laid underneath the
crushed stone base course.
[Claim 7] The pavement body described in claim 1, wherein
the porous material is clinker ash.
[Claim 8] A method for constructing the pavement body
described in claim 1, and characterized by that a current
pavement is taken away so as to expose a roadbed, a middle
layer part comprising the porous aggregate mixture is
constructed, and a surface layer part comprising the surface
layer material having the water permeable function is
constructed sequentially.
[Claim 9] A method for constructing the pavement body
described in claim 6, and characterized by constructing a
base layer part comprising a porous material without
including the mixture such as a solidification material, a
second middle layer part comprising the crushed stone base
course, a middle layer part comprising the porous aggregate
mixture, and the surface layer part comprising a surface
layer material having the water permeable function
sequentially from a bottom to a top.
[Claim 10] A mold form for concrete that can be backfilled
and that is a porous aggregate mixture made by mixing a
porous material with a solidification material of a cement
system molded into a plate shape, and inside of which-
concrete is casted and that is backfilled as a part of a
concrete structure.
[Claim 11] A pavement body characterized by that a middle
layer part is formed by laying a porous aggregate mixture
made by mixing a porous material with a solidification
material of a cement system on a concrete floor slab
overhanging from a base part, and a surface layer part is
formed by laying a surface layer material on the middle
layer part so that a base course having a water absorbing
property and a water permeable property is formed on a
platform of a train.

In order to provide a pavement body that is well
drained and that keeps a part of water at a time of rain so
as to avoid generation of a large amount of discharging
water, that supplies the kept water to a surface layer at a
time of drought and that soaks up the water of the roadbed
so as to lower the temperature of the surface layer, a
middle layer part (12) is formed by laying a porous
aggregate mixture (a) made by mixing a porous material with
a solidification material of a cement system, and a surface
layer part (11) is formed by laying an asphalt mixture (b)
having a water permeable function on the middle layer (12)
so that a base course (la) comprising a pavement body (1) is
formed.