Claims:We Claim:

1. A performance enhancer which can extend the content of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) in Portland slag cement, wherein the performance enhancer is a polycarboxylate polymer selected from the group including 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, polymer with a-(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)-?-methoxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), sodium salt (CAS no.: 97105-14-1) and its derivative.

2. The performance enhancer which can extend the content of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) in Portland slag cement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polycarboxylate polymer is in free flowing form with moisture content not exceeding 2%.

3. The performance enhancer which can extend the content of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) in Portland slag cement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the derivative of the polycarboxylate polymer is selected from the group comprising of methacrylic acid, methoxypoly ethylene, glycol methacrylate copolymer sodium salt and sodium lauryl ether sulphate.

4. The performance enhancer which can extend the content of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) in Portland slag cement as claimed anyone of claims 1 to 3, wherein the polycarboxylate polymer has a glass transition temperature Tg of 43 °C to 44 °C and the particle size is less than 150 microns in the range of 150 to 70 micron.

5. A Portland slag cement (PSC) composition with high content of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) comprising OPC in amounts of 35 to 45 % by wt., GGBS in amounts of 55 to 65 % by wt. and performance enhancer in amounts of 0.04 to 0.1 % by wt., wherein the performance enhancer is a polycarboxylate polymer selected from the group including 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, polymer with a-(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)-?-methoxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), sodium salt (CAS no.: 97105-14-1) and its derivative.

6. The Portland slag cement composition as claimed in claims 5is adapted for tiling applications with increased shear adhesion strength from 14kN to 15kN and increased tensile adhesion strength of 2800N to 2900N and developing 47.12 % and 119.6% more shear adhesion strength and tensile adhesion strength respectively in comparison to recommendations of IS: 15477- 2004 (RA2010) (both type 1 and type 2) and also with respect to Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC).

7. The Portland slag cement composition as claimed in anyone of claims 5 to 6, wherein the polycarboxylate polymer is in free flowing form with moisture content not exceeding 2%.

8. The Portland slag cement composition as claimed in anyone of claims 5 to 7, wherein the derivative of the polycarboxylate polymer is selected from the group comprising of methacrylic acid, methoxypoly ethylene, glycol methacrylate copolymer sodium salt and sodium lauryl ether sulphate.

9. The Portland slag cement composition as claimed in anyone of claims 5 to 8, wherein the polycarboxylate polymer has a glass transition temperature Tg of 43 °C to 44 °C and the particle size is less than 150 microns in the range of 150 to 70 micron.

10. The Portland slag cement composition as claimed in anyone of claims 5 to 9having GGBS in amounts of 55 to 65% by wt. and said polycarboxylate polymer in amounts of 0.04 to 0.1 % by wt. favouring a reduction of water consumption by 30%-40% in various cementitious applications of PSC.

11. The Portland slag cement composition as claimed in anyone of claims 5 to 10 favouring the preparation of PSC with 12%- 15% less clinker and also emitting 12%-15% less carbon dioxide.

12. The Portland slag cement composition as claimed in anyone of claims 5 to 11, wherein the Portland slag cement has the ultimate strength (28 days) in the range of 52 to 53 MPa. (exceeding the strength parameter as per IS 455).

Dated this the 18th day of August, 2021
Anjan Sen
Of Anjan Sen & Associates
(Applicant’s Agent)
IN/PA-199

, Description:FORM 2
THE PATENT ACT 1970
(39 OF 1970)
&
The Patent Rules, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See Section 10 and Rule 13)

1 TITLE OF THE INVENTION :
PERFORMANCE ENHANCER TO EXTEND THE CONTENT OF GROUND GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG(GGBS) IN PORTLAND SLAG CEMENT COMPOSITION.



2 APPLICANT (S)

Name : JSW CEMENT LIMITED.

Nationality : An Indian Company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956.

Address : JSW CENTRE,
BANDRA KURLA COMPLEX,
BANDRA(EAST),
MUMBAI-400051,
MAHARASHTRA,INDIA.




3 PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION

COMPLETE

The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to building materials and particularly selectively co-acting performance enhancer for the development of Portland slag cement (PSC) with increased proportion of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). More specifically, the advancement is directed to a Portland slag cement composition involving more than 50% proportion of GGBS in slag cement with significant increase (12 -15%) in cementitious subject /concrete strength and related cementitious properties and at the same time with providing for increased proportion of GGBS in PSC, ultimately reduce carbon emission with proportion to clinker factor reduction (12% - 15%).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The environment issues are becoming a problem with increasing greenhouse effect. The cement industry is responsible for the approximately 7% of the total CO2 emission. This emission from the cement manufacturing process can be reduced through reduction of clinkering factor. The granulated blast furnace slag generated from the steel industry can provide the solution for the reduction of clinkering factor in the cement. However, to increase the consumption of GBS slag in cement making without affecting the performance of cement, polymeric materials can be used. However, the polymer should be added in the powder form for uniform blending with cement. The liquid polymer in aqueous solution are not suitable for dosing either into clinker or in blending process in cement or in some other cementitious material.
Efforts have been made for the application of polymeric materials cement and various construction materials. Lee, S., Jang, S.Y., Kim, C.Y., Ahn, E.J., Kim, S.P., Gwon, S. and Shin, M., 2018. “Effects of redispersible polymer powder on mechanical and durability properties of preplaced aggregate concrete with recycled railway ballast” International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 12(1), 1-17. The study revealed that an increase in the amount of polymer generally decreased the compressive strength at the curing age of 28 days. However, the use of a higher polymer ratio enhanced the modulus of rupture, freezing–thawing resistance, and shrinkage resistance, likely because it improved the microstructure of the interfacial transition zones between recycled ballast aggregates and injected mortar. In addition, a higher cleanness level of ballast aggregates generally improved the mechanical and durability qualities of concrete.
Jamshidi, M., Pakravan, H.R. and Pourkhorshidi, A.R., 2014. “Application of polymer admixtures to modify concrete properties: effects of polymer type and content”. Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, 15(5), 779-787.This work described the influence of polymer admixture (i.e. polymer latexes) contents on the physical/mechanical properties of latex modified concretes (LMCs). The result has shown that the increase in the amount of latex content decreased the compressive strength, but the other properties including flexural strength and split tensile strength were improved. Also, an improvement in barrier efficiency for water absorption of LMC concrete with increment of latex content was observed.
Lukowski, P. and Debska, D., 2020. “Effect of polymer addition on performance of Portland cement mortar exposed to sulphate attack”. Materials, 13(1), 71. The goal of the research presented in this paper was to assess the performance of polymer-cement mortars under sulphate aggression, as compared to unmodified cement mortar. The results of these investigations, together with the visual and microscopic observations, allowed us to conclude that polymer–cement composites demonstrated better resistance to the attack of sulphate ions than unmodified cement mortar, even when using Portland cement with enhanced sulphate resistance. However, all the above discussed research articles focused on the application of the polymeric material in aggregate, concrete and in OPC cement. While the present research is focused on the enhanced properties of the Portland slag cement (PSC).
Efforts have been made for the application of organic polymer powder in inorganic cement to achi/eve different properties enhancement. Chinese patent CN102173683A discloses a method for a polymer cement waterproof material. The polymer cement waterproof material comprises silicate cement, a polyacrylate/polyurethane composite emulsion, a water reducing agent, fibers, river sands and other materials according to a certain weight proportion. The polymer cement waterproof material has the characteristics, such as high strength and easiness of adhesion to wet substrate, of cement gel materials, and also has the characteristics, such as high elasticity and good water resistance, of polymer coatings. The polymer cement waterproof material is mainly applied to waterproofing in various industrial constructions, civil constructions, bridges, tunnels, traffic transportation and other industries and fields.
US Patent US8907050B2 provided a method for forming a polymer-cement composite. In one embodiment of the method, a plurality of dopamine monomers is dispersed in a buffer solution. Polymerization of the dopamine monomers can then be initiated, and a cement-sand mixture can be added to the buffer solution to form a composite mixture. Finally, the composite mixture can be cured to form a polymer-cement composite. Polymer-cement composites are also generally provided that, in one embodiment, include cement, sand, and poly(dopamine), with the polymer-cement composite having a compressive strength of 8000 psi.
Korean Patent KR100797757B1provided a method for polymer cement mortar used on the surface of the concrete sphere, unlike the conventional finish material that was cracked together with the finish applied to the concrete surface along the crack generated in the concrete surface finish by the excellent elasticity and elasticity After the crack does not occur, the swelling characteristics in the pores of the concrete sphere has an excellent waterproof finish and durability enhancement effect to block the penetration of water or oil components.
Korean Patent KR101498872B1 provided a method to develop a polymer-based cement waterproofing agent with improved waterproof and anti-wear performances. That contains a styrene butadiene-based compound as a main component, a vinyl acetate ethylene copolymer as an adhesive, and a polymer based on vinyl acetate and ethylene as an adhesive assistant. The prior art reported improved adhesion strength in comparison to existing cement liquid-type waterproofing materials.
Despite progress made by previous research studies, all the above discussed patents are focused on the application of the polymeric material for various properties enhancement for the ordinary Portland cement. While the present research is focused on the properties enhancement of the Portland slag cement (PSC) through the means of polymeric powder application. Most of the standard e.g. IS-455, recommend the addition of 70% GGBS in Portland slag cement, however in practical applications only 50% of the GGBS application is possible due to reduced performance of PSC. For example, in PSC with the composition 50% GGBS and 50 % OPC does give a 1 day strength of 11 MPa. But when one goes for PSC with the composition of 52 % GGBS and OPC 48% it give 1 day strength only 9 MPa. The Target strength for 1 day being 11 -12 MPa, further increase in GGBS % is not beneficial. The present invention provides the way of addition of 12% -15% more GGBS in PSC with enhanced properties.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
The main object of the present invention is directed to provide advancements in Portland slag cement composition including ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) with performance enhancer in the form of free flowing powders of 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, polymer with a-(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)-?-methoxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), sodium salt and derivative of this polymer.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method to apply the polymeric material in the proportion from 0.04% to 0.1%.

It is another object of the present invention is to provide advancements which would favour method to utilize the ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)in PSC with more effectively, efficiently and enhancement in proportion up to 12%-15%.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide for advancements in Portland slag cement composition including ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) with co-acting selective made powder polymer which would also favour a reduction of water consumption by 30%-40% in various applications of PSC(shown as Normal Consistency(NC) reduction which is nothing but water demand).

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a reduction of 12%- 15% carbon dioxide emission through reducing the clinker factor of the cement.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a Portland slag cement composition including said proportion of the polymer additive which enhanced the tiling application in terms of shear adhesion strength and tensile adhesion strength. The method complies to the standard IS: 15477- 2004 (RA2010) both type 1 and type 2, where conventional PPC and OPC lacks.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The basic aspect of the present invention is directed to provide a performance enhancer which can extend the content of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) in Portland slag cement, wherein the performance enhancer is a polycarboxylate polymer selected from the group including 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, polymer with a-(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)-?-methoxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), sodium salt (CAS no.: 97105-14-1) and its derivative.

A further aspect of the present invention is directed to the polycarboxylate polymer which is in free flowing form with moisture content not exceeding 2%.

A still further aspect of the present invention is directed to the derivative of the polycarboxylate polymer which is selected from the group comprising of methacrylic acid, methoxypoly ethylene, glycol methacrylate copolymer sodium salt and sodium lauryl ether sulphate.

A further aspect of the present invention is directed to the polycarboxylate polymer which has a glass transition temperature Tg of 43 °C to 44 °C and the particle size is less than 150 microns in the range of 150 to 70 micron.

A still further aspect of the present invention is directed to a Portland slag cement (PSC) composition with high content of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) comprising OPC in amounts of 35 to 45 % by wt., GGBS in amounts of 55 to 65 % by wt. and performance enhancer in amounts of 0.04 to 0.1 % by wt., wherein the performance enhancer is a polycarboxylate polymer selected from the group including 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, polymer with a-(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)-?-methoxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), sodium salt (CAS no.: 97105-14-1) and its derivative.

Yet another aspect of the present invention is directed to a Portland slag cement composition adapted for tiling applications with increased shear adhesion strength from 14 kN to 15kN and increased tensile adhesion strength of 2800N to 2900N and developing 47.12 % and 119.6% more shear adhesion strength and tensile adhesion strength respectively in comparison to recommendations of IS: 15477- 2004 (RA2010) (both type 1 and type 2) and also with respect to Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC).

A further aspect of the present invention is directed to the polycarboxylate polymer which is in free flowing form with moisture content not exceeding 2%.

A still further aspect of the present invention is directed to the derivative of the polycarboxylate polymer which is selected from the group comprising of methacrylic acid, methoxypoly ethylene, glycol methacrylate copolymer sodium salt and sodium lauryl ether sulphate.

A further aspect of the present invention is directed to the polycarboxylate polymer which has a glass transition temperature Tg of 43 °C to 44 °C and the particle size is less than 150 microns in the range of 150 to 70 micron.

A further aspect of the present invention is directed to the Portland slag cement composition having GGBS in amounts of 55 to 65% by wt. and said polycarboxylate polymer in amounts of 0.04 to 0.1 % by wt. favouring a reduction of water consumption by 30%-40% in various cementitious applications of PSC.

A further aspect of the present invention is directed to the Portland slag cement composition favouring the preparation of PSC with 12%- 15% less clinker and also emitting 12%-15% less carbon dioxide.

A further aspect of the present invention is directed to the Portland slag cement has the ultimate strength (28 days) in the range of 52 to 53 MPa. ( Exceeding the strength parameter as per IS 455).

The above and other objects and advantages of the present invention are described hereunder in greater detail with reference to the following accompanying non-limiting illustrative examples.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION WITH REFERENCE TO ACCOMPANYING EXAMPLES

The accompanying figure together with the detailed description below forms part of the specification and serves to further illustrate various embodiments and to explain various principles and advantages all in accordance with the present invention.

The present invention is now discussed in more detail referring to the drawings that accompany the present application. In the accompanying drawings, like and/or corresponding elements are referred to by like reference numbers.

Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or the like parts.

Before describing in detail embodiments that are in accordance with the invention, it should be observed that the embodiments reside primarily to the method of the performance enhancer for PSC (Potland slag cement) in the form of in-house made free flowing powders of 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl, polymer with a-(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)-?-methoxy poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), sodium salt liquid and derivative of this polymer liquid derived with the addition of sodium lauryl ether sulphate. The polymeric powder is obtained from liquid polymer with 50% solid content.

The present invention discloses a method of improvement in properties of PSC (Portland slag cement) with the application of polymeric powder of chemical family of methacrylic acid, methoxypoly ethylene, glycol methacrylate copolymer sodium salt and derivative of this polymer derived with the addition of sodium lauryl ether sulphate. Conversion of polymeric material from liquid to powder.

A high strength concrete obtained from a mixture comprising Portland slag cement, sand, crushed stones, water and polycarboxylate polymer, wherein the polycarboxylate polymer is selected from the group consisting of 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, polymer with a-(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)-?-methoxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), sodium salt (CAS no.: 97105-14-1) and its derivative and portland slag cement consisting of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) in the following ratio of components, wt. %: the polycarboxylate polymer is added in the proportion from 0.04% to 0.1% and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) in the proportion from 55% - 65%

The derivatives of the polycarboxylate polymer from the group consisting of methacrylic acid, methoxypoly ethylene, glycol methacrylate copolymer sodium salt and sodium lauryl ether sulphate.

The polycarboxylate polymer has a glass transition temperature Tg of 43 °C to 44 °C and the particle size is less than 150 microns.

The preparation of PSC with 12%- 15% less clinker also emits 12%-15% less carbon dioxide.

The use of prepared PSC in different cement applications reduces the water consumption upto 30%-40%.

The use of prepared PSC in tiling applications resulted in shear adhesion strength from 14kN to 15kN and tensile adhesion strength of 2800N to 2900N. The outcome of obtained PSC use in tiling application is better than the shear adhesion strength and tensile adhesion strength recommended in IS: 15477- 2004 (RA2010) (both type 1 and type 2) and also with respect to PPC.

Hence the application of polymeric powder in PSC could be effectively use for the clinker reduction, water reduction, slag utilization, enhanced mechanical properties, durability and carbon dioxide emission reduction.

In this document, relational terms such as first and second, top and bottom, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or composition that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article or composition. An element proceeded by "comprises...a" does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or composition that comprises the element.

In the present specification, when a part “includes” a certain component, it means that the component may further include other components, not to exclude other components, unless specifically stated otherwise.

Although not defined differently, all terms including technical terms and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. Commonly used dictionary-defined terms are additionally interpreted as having meanings consistent with related technical documents and currently disclosed content and are not interpreted as ideal or very formal meanings unless defined.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail so that those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains can easily practice. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein.

In addition, unless otherwise specified, % means weight%.

The advantages and features of the present invention and methods for achieving them will be clarified with reference to the embodiments described below in detail together with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below but may be implemented in various different forms, and only the embodiments allow the disclosure of the present invention to be complete, and are conventional in the art to which the present invention pertains. It is provided to fully inform the knowledgeable person of the scope of the invention, and the invention is only defined by the scope of the claims. The same reference numerals refer to the same components throughout the specification.

Thus, in some embodiments, well-known techniques are not specifically described to avoid obscuring the present invention. Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used in the present specification may be used as meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains.

The present invention is described further hereinafter by reference to a series of accompanying examples.

Experiments that were actually performed are now described by way of the following examples.

Examples
Example 1:
The addition of 0.1% polymeric powder and 12% more GGBS in PSC develops 40.72%, 49.88%, 53.77% and 18.33% more compressive strength at the age of 1 day, 3 days, 7 days and 28 days, respectively. In addition to this, addition of polymer powder reduces the water consumption by 33%.

While addition of 0.1% polymeric powder and 17% more GGBS in PSC develops 27.27%, 35.88%, 48.27% and 11.14% more compressive strength at the age of 1 day, 3 days, 7 days and 28 days, respectively. In addition to this, addition of polymer powder reduces the water consumption by 33%. OPC proportion reduction (eventually clinker factor and CO2 emission reduction) and GGBS consumption increment.

Table 1: Effect of polymer powder
PSC Composition Compressive Strength(MPa) Blaine Normal Consistency (NC) Setting Time
1 Day 3 days 7 days 28 days IST FST
OPC – 57%
GGBS – 43% 11.0 26.0 36.0 54.0 388 34.5% 160 235
OPC - 45 %
GGBS - 55%
Polymer - 0.1% 15.48 38.97 55.36 63.90 382 23% 170 190
OPC – 40
GGBS- 60%
Polymer- 0.1% 14.0 35.33 53.38 60.02 377 23% 175 198

Example 2:
The addition of 0.07% polymeric powder in PSC develops 37.02% and 83.57% more tensile strength in comparison to PPC at the age of 14 days and 28 days respectively. While the addition of 0.07% polymeric powder in PSC develops 144.92%, 100%, 57.98% and 75.26%
more shear adhesion in comparison to PPC at the age of 1 day, 7 days, 14 days and 28 days respectively.

Table 2: Effect of polymer powder
PSC Composition Compressive Strength(MPa) Blaine Normal Consistency (NC) Setting Time
1 Day 3 days 7 days 28 days IST FST
OPC - 52 %
GGBS - 30%
Fly ash- 18%
Polymer - 0.1% 16.48 39.97 54.26 60.90 380 25% 167 188
OPC – 62%
GGBS – 20%
Fly ash- 18% 10.8 26.7 38.7 52.0 390 33.5% 155 225

Example 3:
The addition of 0.1% polymeric powder in PSC and use of PSC use in tiling applications is developed 47.12 % and 119.6% more shear adhesion strength and tensile adhesion strength respectively in comparison to recommendations of IS: 15477- 2004 (RA2010) (both type 1 and type 2).

While PSC application in tiling applications developed 83.57% and 75.26% more shear adhesion strength and tensile adhesion strength respectively in comparison to the Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC).

Table 3: Effect of polymer on tile adhesion
Test Conducted
Average results for PSC with 0.07% polymer Average results for PPC Test Requirment As per IS: 15477-2004 (RA 2010)
Type 1, Min Type 2, Min
Tensile Adhesion
a) 14 days
b) 28 days

1647
2827

1202
1540

750N
_

-
-
Shear Adhesion
a) 1 day
b) 7 days
c) 14 days
d) 28 days
8.45
9.90
11.77
14.81
3.45
4.95
7.45
8.45
2.50 KN
-
8.00 KN
-
4.00 KN
-
10.00 KN
-

It is thus possible by way of the present invention to provide advancements in Portland slag cement composition including ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) with co-acting selective polymer performance enhancer for PSC (Portland slag cement) in the form of free flowing polycarboxylate powders wherein the polycarboxylate polymer is selected from the group consisting of 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, polymer with a-(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)-?-methoxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), sodium salt (CAS no.: 97105-14-1) and its derivative and Portland slag cement consisting of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) in the following ratio of components, wt. %: the polycarboxylate polymer is added in the proportion from 0.04% to 0.1% and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is added in the proportion from 55% - 65%. The M30 grade concrete produced with hence prepared PSC developed the providing compressive strength (MPa) in the range of 46.68 to 48.22 MPa. While prepared PSC use in tiling applications is developed 47.12 % and 119.6% more shear adhesion strength and tensile adhesion strength respectively in comparison to recommendations of IS: 15477- 2004 (RA2010) (both type 1 and type 2).

Example 4

Table-4: Effect of polymer % on NC and setting time

Composition NC % Setting time
IST FST Target 1 Day strength MPa Obs. 1 Day strength MPa
OPC- 40%
GGBS -60%
Polymer-0.0% 34.5 150 180 14.0 11.0
OPC- 40 %
GGBS – 60 %
Polymer -0.1% 23.0 170 190 14.0 14.75
OPC- 40%
GGBS – 60 %
Polymer-0.12% 18.0 220 400 14.0 11.25
OPC- 40%
GGBS – 60 %
Polymer-0.04% 32.75 160 190 14.0 12.75
OPC- 40 %
GGBS – 60 %
Polym - 0.03% 34.25 150 190 14.0 11.25

The example 4 is showing about the % of polymer kept 0.04 to 0.1. From the table 4 it is being observed that when there is no polymer the NC is 34.5% and by adding 0.04% it is 32.75. Hence some amount of water reduction has taken place, resulting in 1Day strength improved certain amount. Setting time not much changed. When polymer added to 0.03%, there is no appreciable amount of water reduction, hence strength improvement negligible. Hence lower limit kept 0.04%.

On the higher side when 0.1% added the NC reduction about 33% (23 % observed value), strength improvement appreciable and setting time is also o.k. But when polymer added 0.12 % the NC drastically reduced and setting time got much longer period, which is not acceptable and also 1-daystrength reduced. Thus higher use of polymer kept 0.1 %.