DESC:FIELD OF THE INVENTION:

The present invention relates to synergistic pesticidal compositions, comprising of Acephate, Pyriproxyfen andat least one insecticide. The present invention also relates to the method of preparing the said composition, comprising of Acephate,Pyriproxyfen andat least one insecticide,wherein insecticide may be selected from Acetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Fipronil, Flonicamid, Spirotetramat and Tolfenpyrad.The present invention also provides a method of controlling or preventing pathogenic damage or pest damage in a plant propagation material, a plant, parts of a plant and/or plant organs that grow at a later point in time with the use of present pesticidal composition.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Pesticides are chemicals that may be used to kill fungus, bacteria, insects, plant diseases, snails, slugs, or weeds among others. These chemicals can work by ingestion or by touch and death may occur immediately or over a long period of time. Insecticides are a type of pesticide that is used to specifically target and kill insects. Some insecticides include snail bait, ant killer, and wasp killer.
Insecticides are chemicals used to control insects by killing them or preventing them from engaging in behaviors deemed undesirable or destructive. They are classified based on their structure and mode of action. Many insecticides act upon the nervous system of the insect (e.g., Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition) while others act as growth regulators or endotoxins.

Insecticides are agents of chemical or biological origin that control insects. Control may result from killing the insect or otherwise preventing it from engaging in behaviors deemed destructive. Insecticides may be natural or manmade and are applied to target pests in a myriad of formulations and delivery systems. The science of biotechnology has, in recent years, even incorporated bacterial genes coding for insecticidal proteins into various crop plants that deal death to unsuspecting pests that feed on them.

Insecticides can be classified by many ways based on their function, chemical class, mechanism of action etc. Insecticides can be classified as systemic insecticides, contact insecticides, natural insecticides, plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs), inorganic insecticide and organic insecticide.

The mode of action describes how the pesticide kills or inactivates a pest. It provides another way of classifying insecticides. Mode of action is important in understanding whether an insecticide will be toxic to unrelated species, such as fish, birds and mammals.

Insecticide or pesticides are used widely and very frequently in commercial agriculture and have enabled an enormous increase in crop yields and product quality which ultimately increased the ease to farmers in term of economic advantage as well as ease of farming activities.
An insecticide is a substance used to kill insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used against insect eggs and larvae, respectively. Insecticides are used in agriculture, medicine, industry and by consumers.
Plant-incorporated protectants- Transgenic crops that act as insecticides began in 1996 with BT corn that produces the Cry protein, derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, which is toxic to moth larvae such as the European corn borer. The technique has been expanded to include the use of RNA interference RNAi that fatally silences crucial insect genes. The technique is expected to replace many other insecticides, which are losing effectiveness due to the spread of pesticide resistance.
Acephate is chemically known as N-(Methoxy-methylsulfanylphosphoryl) acetamide having molecular formula C4H10NO3PS and chemical structure is as below

Acephate was first disclosed in US2908605.Acephate is an organophosphate foliar insecticide of moderate persistence with residual systemic activity of about 10–15 days at the recommended use rate. It is used primarily for control of aphids, including resistant species, in vegetables (e.g. potatoes, carrots, greenhouse tomatoes, and lettuce) and in horticulture (e.g. on roses and greenhouse ornamentals). It also controls leaf miners, caterpillars, sawflies and thrips in the previously stated crops as well as turf, and forestry. By direct application to mounds, it is effective in destroying imported fire ants.
Acephate is sold as a soluble powder, as emulsifiable concentrates, as pressurized aerosol, and in tree injection systems and granular formulations.
Acephate can kill target insects when they touch it or eat it. When insects eat Acephate, their bodies turn it into a chemical called methamidophos, which is another, stronger insecticide. Acephate is less toxic in mammals because mammal bodies do not turn it into methamidophos very well. Acephate and methamidophos affect the nervous system, causing over-activity in the nerves, muscles, or brain. Acephate is absorbed into plants, so insects that feed on treated plants may eat Acephate.
Acephate is most effective on turf, tree, and ornamental pests but will also control ants (including imported fire ants), cockroaches, crickets, firebrats earwigs, pillbugs, sowbugs, pantry pests, and wasps.
Pyriproxyfen, is chemically known as 4-phenoxyphenyl (RS)-2-(2-pyridyloxy)propyl ether 2-[1-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)propan-2-yloxy]pyridine having molecular formula C20H19NO3is a pyridine-based pesticide chemical compound effective against a variety of arthropoda. The chemical structure is as below,

Pyriproxyfen is a juvenile hormone analog, preventing larvae from developing into adulthood and thus rendering them unable to reproduce.It was introduced to the US in 1996, to protect cotton crops against whitefly. It has also been found useful for protecting other crops. It is also used for prevention for fleas on household pets.
GB 2140010, US 4751225 discloses product patent of pyriproxyfen. It claims anitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound of the formula: ##STR171## wherein R7 and R8 are each a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom and l is an integer of 0 to 3; R2 and R3 are, the same or different, each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a methyl group; R4 is a halogen atom or a methyl group; R5 and R6 are, the same or different, each a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; Y and Z are, the same or different, each an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a methylene group; X is either an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; and m is an integer of 0 to 1.
CN 1226380 discloses the invention relates to an emulsifiable concentrate composition consists insecticides acephate (acephate), and abamectin (abamectin) and emulsifying agents, solvents, etc. made.

US 20050142158 discloses insecticidal composition of Acephate and Cypermethrin with enhanced synergistic activity. Preferably, the insecticidal composition includes 0.1 to 25% w/w Cypermethrin active ingredient and 0.5 to 75% w/w Acephate active ingredient along with other ingredients to make dry flow, low compact, dust free granules.

US 8795700 B2 discloses pesticidal compositions comprising pyriproxyfen and methyl esters of C16-C18 fatty acids and having low volatile organic compound (VOC).

CN 102986719 B discloses invention containing bifenthrin and pyriproxyfen which relates to pesticidal compositions and their use comprising bifenthrin (Bifenthrin) and pyriproxyfen (Pyriproxyfen) as an active ingredient a pesticidal composition.
The main concern with the use of insecticide is the development of resistance by the insects for that particular insecticide and at the end one has to apply more concentrated formulation of the insecticide. The high amount of insecticide may results in the toxicity to human beings as well as has bad effect on environment.
Previously people have tried many alternatives and option to overcome this problem and as a result developed poly mixture of insecticide, use of non-toxic ingredients and developing novel formulations which provides effective amount of the insecticide and at the required part only. However the use of poly mixture containing large number of insecticide poses a problem in many was like preparing formulation of multiple insecticides with different chemical properties and behavior and physical properties. It also creates challenge for the formulator in term of compatibility and stability of all the insecticides along with the used excipients in the formulation.
However, the biological properties of these mixtures of known compounds are not completely satisfactory in the field of pest control.

In general use, the pesticide actives are used in the form of a dilute aqueous composition because it can attain a good interaction with the target organism, such as plants, fungi and insects. However, most active pesticide compounds that are used as pesticides are only sparingly or even insoluble in water. The low solubility of such compounds present the challenges and difficulties to formulator in formulating pesticide compounds in stable formulations that can be easily stored for a long time and which still have a high stability and effective activity until end use.

Thus presently farmers are facing problems due to resistance development against insecticides or pesticides, formulations available with only limited mechanism of action and lack of wide range protection against insects and pests,

For the reasons mentioned above there does a need to provide further formulation of combinations comprisingAcephate, Pyriproxyfen and at least one insecticide having synergistic pest control properties. This object is achieved according to the invention by providing the present formulation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a pesticidal composition comprising (A) Acephate (B) Pyriproxyfen (C) at least one insecticide selected from group Acetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Fipronil, Flonicamid, Spirotetramat and Tolfenpyrad and one or more customary formulation adjuvants..

Accordingly, in a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of controlling or preventing pathogenic damage or pest damage in a plant propagation material, a plant, parts of a plant and/or plant organs that grow at a later point in time, which comprises applying on the plant propagation material a composition comprising a formulated mixture defined in the first aspect.

According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a pesticidal composition comprising (A) Acephate is in the range 0.1 to 40%;(B) Pyriproxyfen is in the range 0.1 to 30 %; (C) Insecticide is in the range 0.1 to 20% by weight and atleast one or more adjuvants.

The present invention relates of the formulation is preferably wholly water but may comprise other materials, such as inorganic salts. The formulation is preferably, completely free from organic solvents.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides synergistic insecticidal compositionscomprising (A) Acephate (B) Pyriproxyfen (C) at least one insecticide selected from group Acetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Fipronil, Flonicamid, Spirotetramat and Tolfenpyrad with at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

The term “pesticide” or “pesticidal” is similar to “insecticide” or “insecticidal” and used interchangeably in this whole specification.

Synergism is the cooperative action encountered in combinations of two or more biologically active compounds in which the combined activity of the two compounds exceeds the sum of the activities of the compounds when used alone.

This invention relates to a composition for protecting economically important crops. The present invention relates to plant-protecting active ingredient mixtures having synergistically enhanced action and to a method of improving the health of plants by applying said mixtures to the plants or the locus thereof. One typical problem arising in the field of pest control lies in the need to reduce the dosage rates of the active ingredient in order to reduce or avoid unfavorable environmental or toxicological effects whilst still allowing effective pest and pathogen control.

Another problem encountered concerns the need to have available pest control agents which are effective against a broad spectrum of pests and pathogens.

Another problem underlying the present invention is the desire for compositions that improve plants, a process which is commonly and hereinafter referred to as “plant health”. For example, advantageous properties that may be mentioned are improved crop characteristics including: emergence, crop yields, protein content, more developed root system (improved root growth), tillering increase, increase in plant height, bigger leaf blade, less dead basal leaves, stronger tillers, greener leaf color, pigment content, photosynthetic activity, less fertilizers needed, less seeds needed, more productive tillers, earlier lowering, early grain maturity, less plant verse (lodging), increased shoot growth, enhanced plant vigor, increased plant stand and early germination; or any other advantages familiar to a person skilled in the art.

As per one embodiment of the present invention, the pesticidal formulation has incorporated three different active ingredients to provide benefits to the crop protection.

The present invention of the present invention offers advantages or benefits as described below;
- delay in resistance against the formulation due to incorporation of three different insecticides with different mechanism
- offer complex of three active ingredients which reduce the dose of individual insecticides
- offer wide range of pest/insects coverage by three different mechanism
- offer protection by acting on multisite of insects/pests

Advantageous invention relates to a compositionof (A) Acephate (B) Pyriproxyfen (C) at least one insecticide selected from group Acetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Fipronil, Flonicamid, Spirotetramat and Tolfenpyradin ratios by weight of the active ingredients are (A) Acephate, 0.1 to 40%; (B) Pyriproxyfen 0.1 to 30 %; (C) Insecticide0.1 to 20%, wherein insecticide may be selected fromAcetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Fipronil, Flonicamid, Spirotetramat and Tolfenpyrad.

The composition of the present invention has very advantageous curative, preventive and systemic pesticidal properties for protecting cultivated plants. As has been mentioned, said composition can be used to inhibit or destroy the pathogens that occur on plants or parts of plants (fruit, blossoms, leaves, stems, tubers, roots) of different crops or useful plants, while at the same time those parts of plants which grow later are also protected from attack by such pathogens. Active ingredient mixtures have the special advantage of being highly active against diseases in the soil that mostly occur in the early stages of plant development.

Specifically, they are suitable for controlling the following harmful pests;
The formulation of the present invention can be used to control the nsects from the order of the Lepidoptera, for example Agrotis ypsilon, Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Cacoecia murinana, Capua reticulana, Chilo partellus, Chilo suppressalis, Choristoneura fumiferana, Choristoneura occidentalis, Cirphis unipuncta, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Cydia pomonella, Diatraea saccharalis, Dendrolimus pini, Diaphania nitidalis, Earias vittella, Earias insulana, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Evetria bou-liana, Exelastis atomosa, Feltia subterranea, Galleria mellonella, Grapholitha funebrana, Helicoverpa armigera, Helicoverpa virescens, Helicoverpa zea, Hellula undalis, Hibernia defoliaria, Hyphantria cunea, Hyponomeuta malinellus, Keiferia lycopersicella, Laphygma exigua, Leucinodes orbonalis, Leucoptera coffeella, Leucoptera scitella, Lithocol-letis blancardella, Lobesia botrana, Loxostege sticticalis, Lymantria dispar, Lyonetia clerkella, Malacosoma neustria, Mamestra brassicae, Marasmia pantalis, Maruca vitrata, Maruca testulalis, Mythimna separata, Orgyia pseu-dotsugata, Ostrinia nubilalis, Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Peridroma saucia, Phalera bucephala, Phthorimaea operculella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris bras-sicae, Plathypena scabra, Plutella xylostella, Pseudoplusia includens, Rhyacionia frus-trana, Scirpophaga incertulas, Scirpophaga innotata, Scrobipalpula absoluta, Sesamia inferens, Sitotroga cerealella, Sparganothis pilleriana, Spilosoma obliqua, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera litura, Thaumatopoea pityocampa, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusia ni, Tuta absoluta and Zeiraphera Canadensis; beetles (Coleoptera), for example Adoretus bicolor, Agrilus sinuatus, Agriotes lineatus, Agriotes obscu-rus, Amphimallus solstitialis, Anisandrus dispar, Anthonomus grandis, Anthonomus pomorum, Anomala benghalensis, Aphthona euphoridae, Apogonia aerea, Athous haemorrhoidalis, Atomaria linearis, Blasto-phagus piniperda, Blitophaga undata, Bruchus rufimanus, Bruchus pisorum, Bruchus lentis, Byctiscus betulae, Cassida nebulosa, Cerotoma trifurcata, Cetonia aurata, Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Ceuthorrhynchus napi, Chaetocnema tibialis, Chiloloba acuta, Conoderus vespertinus, Crioceris asparagi, Ctenicera ssp., Diabrotica longicornis, Diabrotica semipunctata, Diabrotica punctata, Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica virgifera, Dicladispa armigera, Epila-chna varivestis, Epitrix hirtipennis, Eutinobothrus brasiliensis, Holotrichia bicolor, Holotrichia consanguinea, Holotrichia serrata, Hylobius abietis, Hypera brunneipennis, Hypera postica, Ips typographus, Lema bilineata, Lema melanopus, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Lepidiota stigma, Limonius califomicus, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Maladera indica, Melanotus communis, Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha hippocastani, Melolontha melolontha, Oberea brevis, Oulema oryzae, Ortiorrhynchus sulcatus, Otiorrhynchus ovatus, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllobius pyri, Phyllotreta chrysocephala, Phyllophaga sp., Phyllopertha horticola, Phyllotreta nemorum, Phyllotreta striolata, Popillia japonica, Sitona lineatus and Sito-philus granaria; flies, mosquitoes (Diptera), e.g. Atherigona orientalis, Calliphora vicina, Ceratitis capitata, Chrysomya bezziana, Chrysomya hominivorax, Chrysomya macellaria, Chrysops discalis, Chrysops silacea, Chrysops atlanticus, Cochliomyia hominivorax, Contarinia sorghicola Cordylobia anthropophaga, Culicoides furens, Culiseta inornata, Culiseta melanura, Dacus cucurbi-tae, Dacus oleae, Dasineura brassicae, Delia antique, Delia coarctata, Delia platura, Delia radicum, Dermatobia hominis, Fannia canicularis, Geomyza Tripunctata, Gaster-ophilus intestinalis, Glossina morsitans, Glossina palpalis, Glossina fuscipes, Glossina tachinoides, Haematobia irritans, Haplodiplosis equestris, Hippelates spp., Hylemyia platura, Hypoderma lineata, Leptoconops torrens, Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza trifolii, Lucilia caprina, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia sericata, Lycoria pectoralis, Mansonia titillanus, Mayetiola destructor, Melanagromyza obtuse, Muscina stabulans, Oestrus ovis, Ophiomyia phaseli, Opomyza florum, Orseolia oryzae, Oscinella frit, Pegomya hysocyami, Phorbia antiqua, Phorbia brassicae, Phor-bia coarctata, Phlebotomus argentipes, Psorophora columbiae, Psila rosae, Psoro-phora discolor, Prosimulium mixtum, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhagoletis pomonella, Sar-cophaga haemorrhoidalis, Sarcophaga sp., Simulium vittatum, Stomoxys calcitrans, Tabanus bovinus, Tabanus atratus, Tabanus lineola, and Tabanus similis, Tipula ol-eracea, and Tipula paludosa; thrips (Thysanoptera), e.g. Dichromothrips corbetti, Dichromothrips ssp , Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella tritici, Scirtothrips citri, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Thrips oryzae, Thrips palmi and Thrips tabaci; termites (Isoptera), e.g. Calotermes flavicollis, Coptotermes formosanus, Heterotermes aureus, Leucotermes flavipes, Microtermes obesi, Odontotermes obesus, Reticulitermes flavipes, Termes natalensis; cockroaches (Blattaria - Blattodea), e.g. Blattella germanica, Penplaneta americana, Periplaneta japonica and Blatta orientalis; true bugs (Hemiptera), e.g. Acrosternum hilare, Acyrtho-siphon pisum, Acyrthosiphon onobrychis, Adelges laricis, Amrasca biguttula biguttula, Amrasca devastans, Amritodus atkinsoni, Aphidula nasturtii, Aphis fabae, Aphis forbesi, Aphis pomi, Aphis gossypii, Aphis crassivora, Aphis grossulariae, Aphis schneideri, Aphis spiraecola, Aphis sambuci, Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia argentifolii, Bemisia tabaci, Brachycaudus cardui, Brachy-caudus helichrysi, Brachycaudus persicae, Brachycaudus prunicola, Brevicoryne brassicae, Capitophorus horni, Cerosipha gossypii, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Cicadulina spp., Clavigralla gibbosa, Cryptomyzus ribis, Dreyfusia nordmannianae, Dreyfusia piceae, Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysaphis radicola, Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani, Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysaphis pyri, Empoasca fabae, Hyalopterus pruni, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Idioscopus spp. Leptoglossus phyllopus, Leptocorisa acuta, Lygus lineolaris, Lygus pratensis, Macrosiphum avenae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Ma-crosiphon rosae, Megoura viciae, Melanaphis pyrarius, Metopolophium dirhodum, My-zus persicae, Myzus ascalonicus, Myzus cerasi, Myzus varians, Nezara viridula, Nasonovia ribis-nigri, Nilaparvata lugens, Nephotettix virescens, Nephotettix nigropictus, Pemphigus bursarius, Perkinsiella saccharicida, Peregrinus maidis, Phorodon humuli, Planococcus spp., Pseudococcus spp., Pyrilla perpusilla, Psylla mali, Psylla piri, Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosi-phum padi, Rhopalosiphum insertum, Sappaphis mala, Sappaphis mail, Schizaphis graminum, Schizoneura lanuginosa, Sitobion avenae, Sogatella furcifera, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Toxoptera aurantiia, Psylla spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Sitobion spp., Aonidiella aurantii, Lepidosaphes beckii, Saissetia oleae, Coccus hesperidum, Parthenolecanium corni; ants, bees, wasps, sawflies (Hymenoptera), e.g. Athalia rosae, Atta cephalotes, Atta capiguara, Atta cephalotes, Atta laevigata, Atta robusta, Atta sexdens, Atta texana, Crematogaster spp., Hoplocampa minuta, Hoplocampa testudinea, Monomorium pha-raonis, Solenopsis geminata, Solenopsis invicta, Solenopsis richteri, Solenopsis xyloni, Pogonomyrmex barbatus, Pogonomyrmex californicus, Pheidole megacephala, Dasy-mutilla occidentalis, Bombus spp. Vespula squamosa, Paravespula vulgaris, Paraves-pula pennsylvanica, Paravespula germanica, Dolichovespula maculata, Vespa crabro, Polistes rubiginosa, Camponotus floridanus, and Linepithema humile; crickets, grasshoppers, locusts (Orthoptera), e.g. Acheta domestica, Gryllotalpa gryllo-talpa, Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus bivittatus, Melanoplus femurrubrum, Melanoplus mexicanus, Melanoplus sanguinipes, Melanoplus spretus, Nomadacris septemfasciata, Schistocerca americana, Schistocerca gregaria, Dociostaurus maroccanus, Tachycines asynamorus, Oedaleus senegalensis, Zonozerus variegatus, Hieroglyphus daganensis, Kraussaria angulifera, Calliptamus italicus, Chortoicetes terminifera, and Locustana pardalina; Arachnoidea, such as arachnids (Acarina), e.g. of the families Argasidae, Ixodidae and Sarcoptidae, such as Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma variegatum, Ambryomma maculatum, Argas persicus, Boophilus annulatus, Boophilus decoloratus, Boophilus microplus, Dermacentor silvarum, Dermacentor andersoni, Dermacentor variabilis, Hyalomma truncatum, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes rubicundus, Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes holocyclus, Ixodes pacificus, Ornithodorus moubata, Ornithodorus hermsi, Ornithodo-rus turicata, Ornithonyssus bacoti, Otobius megnini, Dermanyssus gallinae, Psoroptes ovis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsi, Sarcoptes scabiei, and Eriophyidae spp. such as Aculus schlechtendali, Phyllocoptrata oleivora and Eriophyes sheldoni; Tarsonemidae spp. such as Phytonemus pallidus and Polyphagotarsonemus latus; Tenuipalpidae spp. such as Brevipalpus phoenicis; Tetra-nychidae spp. such as Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus kanzawai, Tetranychus pacificus, Tetranychus telarius and Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Panony-chus citri, and Oligonychus pratensis; Araneida, e.g. Latrodectus mactans, and Loxos-celes recluse; fleas (Siphonaptera), e.g. Ctenocephalides felis, Ctenocephalides canis, Xenopsylla cheopis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, and Nosopsyllus fasciatus; silverfish, firebrat (Thysanura), e.g. Lepisma saccharina and Thermobia domestica; centipedes (Chilopoda), e.g. Scutigera coleoptrata; millipedes (Diplopoda), e.g. Narceus spp.; Earwigs (DermapteraJ, e.g. forficula auricularia.
Preferbaly the composition is useful against Plutella xylostella, Liriomyza trifolii, Frankliniella occidentalis, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Thrips tabaci, Amrasca biguttula biguttula, Amrasca devastans, Amritodus atkinsoni, Aphis gossypii, Aphis crassivora, Bemisia argentifolii, Bemisia tabaci, Empoasca fabae, Nilaparvata lugens, Nephotettix virescens, Nephotettix nigropictus, Planococcus spp., Pseudococcus spp., Pyrilla perpusilla, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus telarius and Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Oligonychus pratensis, Polyphagotarsonemus latus.

The list of crops which can be suitable for protection by the present formulation are Cotton (Gossypium spp.), Jute (Corchorus oliotorus), Paddy (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticum aestavum), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Maize (Zea mays), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Ragi (Eleusine coracana), Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris), Soybean (Glycin max), Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) , Mustard (Brassica juncea), Rape seed (Brassica napus), Linseed (Linum usitatissimum), Sesame (Sesamum indicum), Castor (Ricinus communis), Green gram (Vigna radiate), Black gram (Vigna mungo), Chickpea (Cicer aritinum), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Redgram (Cajanus cajan), Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Indian bean (Lablab purpureus), Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), Field pea (Pisum sativum), Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), Lentils (Lens culinaris), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) , Onion (Allium cepa L.), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicun) , Potato (Solanum tuberosum) , Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Chilly (Capsicum annum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), Muskmelons (Cucumis melo), Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), Radish (Raphanus sativus), Carrot (Dacus carota subsp. sativus), Turnip (Brassica rapa subsp rapa), Apple (Melus domestica), Banana (Musa spp.), Citrus groups (Citrus spp.), Grape (Vitis vinifera), Guava (Psidium guajava), Litchi (Litchi chinensis), Mango (Mangifera indica), Papaya (Carica papaya), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Pomegranate (Punica granatum) , Sapota (Manilkara zapota), Tea (Camellia sinensis), Coffea (Coffea Arabica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi), Psyllium (Plantago ovate), Black Pepper (Piper nigrum), Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), Safed musli (Chlorophytum tuberosum), Drum stick (Moringa oleifera), Coconut (Coco nucifera), Mentha ( Mentha spp.), Rose (Rosa spp.), Jasmine (Jasminum spp.), Marigold ( Tagetes spp.), Common daisy (Bellis perennis), Dahlia (Dahlia hortnesis), Gerbera ( Gerbera jamesonii), Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) and GMO derivatives thereof.
The ratio of (A) Acephate (B) Pyriproxyfen (C) at least one insecticidewherein insecticide may be selected fromAcetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Fipronil, Flonicamid, Spirotetramat and Tolfenpyrad, and the total amount of the mixture, depends on many factors, including the type and the occurrence of the pests to be controlled. For each application, the optimum ratios and total amounts to be employed can in each case be determined by routine experimentation. In one embodiment, the weight percentage of (A) Acephate (B) Pyriproxyfen (C) insecticides in the composition is within the range of (A) Acephate, 0.1 to 40%; (B) Pyriproxyfen 0.1 to 30 %; (C) Insecticide0.1 to 20% or any range that is a subset within said range.

Accordingly, in one embodiment a pesticide comprises a mixture including a pesticidally effective amount of (A) Acephate (B) Pyriproxyfen (C) insecticides may be selected from Acetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Fipronil, Flonicamid, Spirotetramat and Tolfenpyrad with at least one agriculturally acceptable adjuvant and/or carrier. A “pesticidally effective amount” is an amount of active ingredient or a combination of active ingredients that is effective to prevent or reduce damage to a plant caused by any pest or to repel, deter or destroy a pest or to cause an adverse effect to an individual insect or an insect population, including, for example, deviations from natural development, killing, regulation, and the like. Suitable adjuvants or carriers should not be phytotoxic to valuable crops, particularly at the concentrations employed in applying the compositions for pest control in the presence of crops, and should not react chemically with pesticidal components of the mixture or other composition ingredients. Solid forms of the pesticide can be, for example, dusts, granules, water dispersible granules, or wettable powders. Liquid forms of the pesticide can be, for example, emulsifiable concentrates, solutions, emulsions or suspensions, as discussed further herein below.

As per preferred embodment, the formulation of present invention is in the form of Water Dispersible Granules.

As per one embodiment, the pesticidal composition according to present invention is to be applied as foliar spray with the help of manual operated knap sack sprayer, battery or power operated or machine or tractor operated sprayer with the spray volume of 250 to 750 liters per hectare.
As per one embodiment, the pesticidal composition according to present invention is applied in an amount of from 100 to 4000 g or ml per hectare, preferably from 500 to 2000 g or ml per hectare.
Examples of suitable solid carriers include talc, pyrophyllite clay, silica, attapulgus clay, kaolin clay, kieselguhr, chalk, diatomaceous earth, lime, calcium carbonate, bentonite clay, Fuller's earth, cottonseed hulls, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, walnut shell flour, lignin, and the like or mixtures thereof.

Other ingredients, or customary adjuvants that are often used in agrochemicalcompositions, and that can be included in various compositions described herein, include, but are not limited to, customary formulation adjuvants is selected from the group consisting of dispersant, anti-foam agent, wetting agent, suspension aid, Antihydrolysis agent, Binding agent, Disintegrating agent.

Pesticidal compositions can be frequently applied as aqueous suspensions or emulsions prepared from concentrated formulations of such compositions. Such water-soluble, water-suspendable, or emulsifiable formulations are either solids, usually known as wettable powders, or water dispersible granules, or liquids usually known as emulsifiable concentrates, or aqueous suspensions. Wettable powders, which may be compacted to form water dispersible granules, comprise an intimate mixture of the pesticide composition, a carrier, and surfactants. The carrier is usually chosen from among the attapulgite clays, the montmorillonite clays, the diatomaceous earths, or the purified silicates. Effective surfactants, which can comprise from about 0.5% to about 10% of the wettable powder, are found among sulfonatedlignins, condensed naphthalenesulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkyl sulfates, and nonionic surfactants such as ethylene oxide adducts of alkyl phenols.

Pesticide compositions may also be applied as granular formulations that are particularly useful for applications to the soil. Granular formulations include the pesticide composition dispersed in a carrier such as, for example, a carrier that comprises clay or a similar substance. Such formulations are usually prepared by dissolving the pesticide composition in a suitable solvent and applying it to a granular carrier which has been pre-formed to the appropriate particle size, in the range of from about 0.5 to 3 mm. Such formulations may also be formulated by making a dough or paste of the carrier and pesticide composition and crushing and drying to obtain the desired granular particle size.

Pesticide compositions can also be applied in the form of an aerosol formulation. In such formulations, the pesticide composition is dissolved or dispersed in a carrier, which is a pressure-generating propellant mixture. The aerosol formulation is packaged in a container from which the mixture is dispensed through an atomizing valve.

Pesticide baits are formed when the pesticide composition is mixed with food or an attractant or both. When the pests eat the bait they also consume the pesticide composition. Baits may take the form of granules, gels, flowable powders, liquids, or solids. They may be used in or around pest harborages.

Fumigants are pesticides that have a relatively high vapor pressure and hence can exist as a gas in sufficient concentrations to kill pests in soil or enclosed spaces. The toxicity of the fumigant is proportional to its concentration and the exposure time. They are characterized by a good capacity for diffusion and act by penetrating the pest's respiratory system or being absorbed through the pest's cuticle. Fumigants are applied to control stored product pests under gas proof sheets, in gas sealed rooms or buildings or in special chambers.

Generally, with baits, the baits are placed in the ground where the pests can come into contact with the bait. Baits can also be applied to a surface of a building, (horizontal, vertical, or slant, surface) where, for example, ants, termites, cockroaches, and flies, can come into contact with the bait.

Because of the unique ability of the eggs of some pests to resist pesticides repeated applications may be desirable to control newly emerged larvae.

The concentration of (A) Acephate (B) Pyriproxyfen (C) insecticides in a synergistic formulation of one embodiment is wherein (A) Acephate, 0.1 to 40%; (B) Pyriproxyfen 0.1 to 30 %; (C) Insecticide0.1 to 20% by weight. In another embodiment, the concentration is from 0.01 to 90 percent by weight. In a formulation embodiment designed to be employed as a concentrate, the active ingredients are present in a concentration from 5 to 98 weight percent, preferably 10 to 90 weight percent. Such concentrate formulations are typically diluted with an inert carrier, such as water, before application. In one embodiment, a diluted composition to be applied to a field locus includes from 0.0001 to 1 weight percent active ingredient. In another embodiment, the composition includes from 0.001 to 0.05 weight percent active ingredient. Below is the tablet providinginformation related to % of different active ingredients;
% of components varies from
(A) (B) (C) Insecticides
Acephate Pyriproxyfen Acetamiprid
Acephate Pyriproxyfen Bifenthrin
Acephate Pyriproxyfen Fipronil
Acephate Pyriproxyfen Flonicamid
Acephate Pyriproxyfen Spirotetramat
Acephate Pyriproxyfen Tolfenpyrad
0.1 to 40% 0.1 to 30 % 0.1 to 20%

The present compositions can be applied to a locus by the use of conventional ground or aerial dusters, sprayers, and granule applicators, by addition to irrigation or paddy water, and by other conventional means known to those skilled in the art.

A dispersant is a substance which adsorbs onto the surface of particles and helps to preserve the state of dispersion of the particles and prevents them from re-aggregating. Dispersants are added to agrochemical formulations to facilitate dispersion and suspension during manufacture, and to ensure the particles re-disperse into water in a spray tank. They are widely used in wettable powders, suspension concentrates and water-dispersible granules. Surfactants that are used as dispersants have the ability to adsorb strongly onto a particle surface and provide a charged or steric barrier to re-aggregation of particles. The most commonly used surfactants are anionic, non-ionic, or mixtures of the two types. For wettable powder formulations, the most common dispersants are sodium lignosulphonates. For suspension concentrates, very good adsorption and stabilization are obtained using polyelectrolytes, such as sodium naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensates. Tristyrylphenolethoxylate phosphate esters are also used. Non-ionics such as alkylarylethylene oxide condensates and EO-PO block copolymers are sometimes combined with anionics as dispersants for suspension concentrates. In recent years, new types of very high molecular weight polymeric surfactants have been developed as dispersants. These have very long hydrophobic ‘backbones’ and a large number of ethylene oxide chains forming the ‘teeth’ of a ‘comb’ surfactant. These high molecular weight polymers can give very good long-term stability to suspension concentrates because the hydrophobic backbones have many anchoring points onto the particle surfaces. Examples of dispersants used herein include but not limited to sodium lignosulphonates; sodium naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensates; tristyrylphenolethoxylate phosphate esters; aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates; alky ethoxylates; EO-PO block copolymers; and graft copolymers or mixtures thereof.

Water-based formulations often cause foam during mixing operations in production. In order to reduce the tendency to foam, anti-foam agents are often added either during the production stage or before filling into bottles. Generally, there are two types of anti-foam agents, namely silicones and non-silicones. Silicones are usually aqueous emulsions of dimethyl polysiloxane while the non-silicone anti-foam agents are water-insoluble oils, such as octanol and nonanol, or silica. In both cases, the function of the anti-foam agent is to displace the surfactant from the air-water interface.

A wetting agent is a substance that when added to a liquid increases the spreading or penetration power of the liquid by reducing the interfacial tension between the liquid and the surface on which it is spreading. Wetting agents are used for two main functions in agrochemical formulations: during processing and manufacture to increase the rate of wetting of powders in water to make concentrates for soluble liquids or suspension concentrates; and during mixing of a product with water in a spray tank or other vessel to reduce the wetting time of wettable powders and to improve the penetration of water into water-dispersible granules. Examples of wetting agents used in wettable powder, suspension concentrate, and water-dispersible granule formulations include but not limited to sodium lauryl sulphate; sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate; alkyl phenol ethoxylates; and aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates or mixtures thereof.

Suspension aid in the present description denotes a natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic material with which the active substance is combined in order to facilitate its application to the plant, to the seeds or to the soil. This carrier is hence generally inert, and it must be agriculturally acceptable, in particular to the plant being treated. The carrier may be solid (clays, natural or synthetic silicates, silica, resins, waxes, solid fertilizers, and the like or mixtures thereof) or liquid (water, alcohols, ketones, petroleum fractions, aromatic or paraffinic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, liquefied gases, and the like or mixtures thereof).

Binding agent as used herein which is also known as quick coating agent as used herein is selected from polyesters, polyamides, poly- carbonates, polyurea and polyurethanes, acrylate polymers and copolymers, styrene copolymers, butadiene copolymers, polsaccharides such as starch and cellulose derivatives, vinylal- cohol, vinylacetate and vinylpyrrolidone polymers and copolymers, polyethers, epoxy, phenolic and melamine resins, polyolefins and define copolymersand mixtures thereof. Examples of preferred polymers are acrylate polymers such as poly(methacrylate), poly( ethyl methacrylate ), poly(methylmethacrylate), acrylate copoylmers and styrene-acrylic copolymers as defined herein below , poly(styrene-co maleic anhydride), cellulosic polymers such as ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetatebutyrate, acetylated mono-, di-, and triglycerides, poly(vinylpyrrolidone), vinyl acetate polymers and copolymers, poly(alkylene glycol), styrene butadiene copolymers, poly(orthoesters), alkyd resins, and mixtures of two or more of these. Polymers that are biodegradable are also useful in the present invention. As used herein, a polymer is biodegradable if is not water soluble, but is degraded over a period of several weeks when placed in an application environment. Examples of biodegradable polymers that are useful in the present method include biodegradable polyesters, starch, polylactic acid -starch blends, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymers, polydioxanone, cellulose esters, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, starch esters, starch ester aliphatic polyester blends, modified corn starch, polycaprolactone, poly(n-amylmethacrylate), wood rosin, polyan- hydrides, polyvinylalcohol, polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate, biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, and polyhydroxybutyrate or mixtures thereof

Anti hydrolysis agent is used to improve the stability of aAcephate in to the formulation by reducing moisture availability in the final formulation which otherwise impact in stability of the formulation.

One of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is to enhance stability of Acephate in to the formulation by addition of antihydrolysis agent.

As per another embodiment, anti hydrolysing agent is used to remove excess moisture from formulation and provided stability to Acephate content over example without anti-hydrolysing agent. It has also provided stability to product against lump formation which is observed in sample without our excipient, which in turn lead to lower results in wet sieving and poor dispersion of formulation. In composition with anti-hydrolysing agent. It has been observed better dispersion of granules and better suspensibility. Incorporation of urea formaldehyde resin provided additional support for better disintegration of granules when water was added to them, leading to better results in wet sieve analysis.

Anti hydrolysis agent as used herein is Polymeric carbodiimide

Disintegrating agent as used herein is selected from group consisting of Starch, china clay, sodium citrate, attapulgite, Bentonite, modified starch (Sodium Carboxymethyl Starch), Cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone, Modified Cellulose (Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), Ureaformaldehyde resin powder.

The solvent for the formulation of the present invention may include water, water-soluble alcohols and dihydroxy alcohol ethers. The water-soluble alcohol which can be used in the present invention may be lower alcohols or water-soluble macromolecular alcohols. The term "lower alcohol", as used herein, represents an alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, etc. Macromolecular alcohol is not limited, as long as it may be dissolved in water in a suitable amount range, e.g., polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, glucitol, etc. The examples of suitable dihydroxy alcohol ethers used in the present invention may be dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ethers or dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers. The examples of dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ether include ethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, dipropylene glycol ethyl ether, etc. The examples of dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers include ethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether, dipropylene glycol phenyl ether, and the like. Any of the above mentioned solvent can be used either alone or in combination thereof.

WDG formulations offer a number of advantages in packaging, ease of handling and safety. The WDG are preferably of uniform size and which are free flowing, low dusting and readily disperse in water to form a homogenous solution of very small particles which may pass through conventional spray nozzles. Ideally WDG formulations when dispersed in water under gentle agitation for five minutes have residues of less than 0.01% on a 150 µm sieve screen and less than 0.5% on a 53 µm screen. The granules can usually be measured accurately by volume which is convenient for the end user.

Wettable powders can be prepared by dissolving insecticide in sufficient solvent with or without heating to give a solution and spraying the resulting solution onto a solid carrier or diluent. Alternatively insecticides which are solid and of a friable nature may be blended and ground with mineral diluents. The carriers generally used for wettable powders are sorbent inorganic materials commonly of mineral origin such as the kaolinites, montmorillonites, attapulgites, diatomaceous earths and vermiculites. Diluents generally used in toxicant formulations are such inert solids as talc, pyrophyllite, frianite, pumice and as per the knowledge of a person skilled in the art.

The process for preparing the present pesticidal composition can be modified accordingly by any person skilled in the art based on the knowledge of the manufacturing the composition. However all such variation and modification is still covered by the scope of present invention.

EXAMPLES
Example 1: Acephate 40%+Pyriproxyfen 6%+Acetamiprid 3% WDG (Water Dispersible Granules)
Compositions Percent (w/w)
Acephate (98% purity) 41.33
Pyriproxyfen (95% purity) 6.63
Acetamiprid (98% purity) 3.37
Alkylated naphtalene sulfonate, sodium salt 3
Sodium Polycarboxylate 8
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 2
Silicone antifoam 0.3
Lactose anhydrous 5
Sodium SulfateAnhydrous 3
China Clay 25.37
Precipitated Silica 2
TOTAL 100

Procedure:
Step 1 Charge the required quantity of filler, wetting agent, dispersing agent, and suspending agent, & technical in premixing blender for homogenization for 30 minutes.
Step 2 Pre-blended material is than grinded through Jet mill/ air classifier mills. Finely grinded material is blended in post blender till it becomes homogeneous. (for approx 1.5 hr)
Step 3 Homogeneous material is analysed. After getting approval from QC dept. material is unloaded into 25 kg. HDPE bag with LDPE liner inside.
Step 4 Finely grinded powder is mixer with required quantity of water to form extrudable dough.
Step 5 Dough is passed through extruder to get granules of required size.
Step 6 Wet granules are passed through Fluidised bed drier and further graded using vibrating screens.
Step 7 Final product is sent for QC approval.
Step 8 After approval material is packed in requied pack sizes.

Example 1.1: Acephate 40%+Pyriproxyfen 6%+Acetamiprid 3% WDG (Water Dispersible Granules)
Compositions Percent (w/w)
Acephate (98% purity) 41.33
Pyriproxyfen (95% purity) 6.63
Acetamiprid (98% purity) 3.37
Alkylated naphtalene sulfonate, sodium salt 3
Sodium Polycarboxylate 8
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 2
Silicone antifoam 0.3
Lactose anhydrous 5
Sodium SulfateAnhydrous 3
Urea formaldehyde Resin powder (Pergopak M) 10
Precipitated Silica 2
Polymeric carbodiimide 2
China Clay 13.37
Total 100
Procedure: As per Example 1

Example 2: Acephate 40%+Pyriproxyfen 6%+Bifenthrin 4% WDG (Water Dispersible Granules)
Composition Percent (w/w)
Acephate (98% purity) 41.33
Pyriproxyfen (95% purity) 6.63
Bifenthrin (95% purity) 4.53
Alkylated naphtalene sulfonate, sodium salt 3
Sodium Polycarboxylate 8
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 2
Silicone antifoam 0.3
Lactose anhydrous 5
Sodium SulfateAnhydrous 3
Precipitated Silica 2
China Clay 24.21
TOTAL 100
Procedure: As per Example 1.

Example 2.1: Acephate 40%+Pyriproxyfen 6%+Bifenthrin 4% WDG (Water Dispersible Granules)
Composition Percent (w/w)
Acephate (98% purity) 41.33
Pyriproxyfen (95% purity) 6.63
Bifenthrin (95% purity) 4.53
Alkylated naphtalene sulfonate, sodium salt 3
Sodium Polycarboxylate 8
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 2
Silicone antifoam 0.3
Lactose anhydrous 5
Sodium SulfateAnhydrous 3
Precipitated Silica 2
Ureaformaldehyde Resin powder (Pergopak M) 10
Polymeric carbodiimide 1.5
China Clay 12.71
Total 100
Procedure: As per Example 1.

Example 3: Storage Stability Data
3.1: Storage stability Study-Acephate 40%+Pyriproxyfen 6%+Bifenthrin 4% WDG (Water Dispersible Granules) of Example 1
Parameters Specification Initial Heat stability at 54+2 0C for 14 days Cold storage stability at 0+2 0C for 14 days
Description Material shall be in form of white to off white to biege colour free flowing extruded granules/ spray dried granules/ agglomerates devoid of any lumps larger than 2 mm diameter or extraneous impurities Complies Loose agregates are formed Complies
Acephate content 38 - 42 % 40.5 35.7 39.2
Pyriproxyfen content 5.7 - 6.6 % 6.3 6.2 6.3
Bifenthrin content 2.85 - 3.3 % 3.3 3.2 3.3
Acephate suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility Mini 70% 95 92 95
Bifenthrin suspensibility Mini 70% 95 85 95
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 93 98
Bulk Density 0.45-0.85 0.5 0.5 0.5
Moisture Content Max 2.0% 1.5 1.5 1.5

Room Temperature Storage Data
Parameters Specification Study Duration
1 month 6 month 12 months 24 months
Description Material shall be in form of white to off white to biege colour free flowing extruded granules/ spray dried granules/ agglomerates devoid of any lumps larger than 2 mm diameter or extraneous impurities Complies Complies Loose agregates are formed Loose agregates are formed
Acephate content 38 - 42 % 40.5 38.2 36.3 32
Pyriproxyfen content 5.7 - 6.6 % 6.3 6.3 6.25 6.2
Bifenthrin content 2.85 - 3.3 % 3.3 3.3 3.23 3.2
Acephate suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 92 92
Bifenthrin suspensibility Mini 70% 95 94 91 85
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 98 95 92
Bulk Density 0.45-0.85 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Moisture Content Max 2.0% 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

3.1.1: Storage stability Study-Acephate 40%+Pyriproxyfen 6%+Bifenthrin 4% WDG (Water Dispersible Granules) of Example 1.1
Parameters Specification Initial Heat stability at 54+2 0C for 14 days Cold storage stability at 0+2 0C for 14 days
Description Material shall be in form of white to off white to biege colour free flowing extruded granules/ spray dried granules/ agglomerates devoid of any lumps larger than 2 mm diameter or extraneous impurities Complies Complies Complies
Acephate content 38 - 42 % 40.8 40.6 40.4
Pyriproxyfen content 5.7 - 6.6 % 6.3 6.2 6.3
Bifenthrin content 2.85 - 3.3 % 3.3 3.2 3.3
Acephate suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
Bifenthrin suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 99.6 99.5
Bulk Density 0.45-0.85 0.5 0.5 0.5
Moisture Content Max 2.0% 0.9 0.9 0.9

Room Temperature Storage Data
Parameters Specification Study Duration
1 month 6 month 12 months 24 months
Description Material shall be in form of white to off white to biege colour free flowing extruded granules/ spray dried granules/ agglomerates devoid of any lumps larger than 2 mm diameter or extraneous impurities Complies Complies Complies Complies
Acephate content 38 - 42 % 40.8 40.7 40.7 40.6
Pyriproxyfen content 5.7 - 6.6 % 6.3 6.3 6.25 6.2
Bifenthrin content 2.85 - 3.3 % 3.3 3.3 3.23 3.2
Acephate suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
Bifenthrin suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 99.6 99.6 99.6
Bulk Density 0.45-0.85 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Moisture Content Max 2.0% 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

3.2: Storage stability Study-Acephate 40%+Pyriproxyfen 6%+Fipronil 4% WDG (Water Dispersible Granules) of Example 2

Parameters Specification Initial Heat stability at 54+2 0C for 14 days Cold storage stability at 0+2 0C for 14 days
Description Material shall be in form of white to off white to biege colour free flowing extruded granules/ spray dried granules/ agglomerates devoid of any lumps larger than 2 mm diameter or extraneous impurities Complies Loose agregates are formed Complies
Acephate content 38 - 42 % 40.4 36.1 39.3
Pyriproxyfen content 5.7 - 6.6 % 6.3 6.2 6.3
Fipronil content 2.85 - 3.3 % 4.4 4.2 4.4
Acephate suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility Mini 70% 95 92 95
Fipronil suspensibility Mini 70% 95 87 95
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 86 97
Bulk Density 0.45-0.85 0.5 0.5 0.5
Moisture Content Max 2.0% 1.5 1.5 1.5

Room Temperature Storage Data
Parameters Specification Study Duration
1 month 6 month 12 months 24 months
Description Material shall be in form of white to off white to biege colour free flowing extruded granules/ spray dried granules/ agglomerates devoid of any lumps larger than 2 mm diameter or extraneous impurities Complies Complies Loose agregates are formed Loose agregates are formed
Acephate content 38 - 42 % 40.4 37.2 35.1 33.2
Pyriproxyfen content 5.7 - 6.6 % 6.3 6.3 6.23 6.2
Fipronil content 2.85 - 3.3 % 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.2
Acephate suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 94 92
Fipronil suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 91 85
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 96 92 85
Bulk Density 0.45-0.85 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Moisture Content Max 2.0% 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

3.2.1: Storage stability Study-Acephate 40%+Pyriproxyfen 6%+Fipronil 4% WDG (Water Dispersible Granules) of Example 2.1
Parameters Specification Initial Heat stability at 54+2 0C for 14 days Cold storage stability at 0+2 0C for 14 days
Description Material shall be in form of white to off white to biege colour free flowing extruded granules/ spray dried granules/ agglomerates devoid of any lumps larger than 2 mm diameter or extraneous impurities Complies Complies Complies
Acephate content 38 - 42 % 41.2 41 41.2
Pyriproxyfen content 5.7 - 6.6 % 6.3 6.2 6.3
Fipronil content 3.8 - 4.4 % 4.4 4.2 4.4
Acephate suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
Fipronil suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 99.6 99.5
Bulk Density 0.45-0.85 0.5 0.5 0.5
Moisture Content Max 2.0% 0.9 0.9 0.9

Room Temperature Storage Data
Parameters Specification Study Duration
1 month 6 month 12 months 24 months
Description Material shall be in form of white to off white to biege colour free flowing extruded granules/ spray dried granules/ agglomerates devoid of any lumps larger than 2 mm diameter or extraneous impurities Complies Complies Complies Complies
Acephate content 38 - 42 % 41.2 41.1 41 41
Pyriproxyfen content 5.7 - 6.6 % 6.3 6.3 6.23 6.2
Fipronil content 3.8 - 4.4 % 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.2
Acephate suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
Fipronil suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 99.6 99.6 99.6
Bulk Density 0.45-0.85 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Moisture Content Max 2.0% 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

Example 4: Field efficacy trials
Trial 1
The sucking pests viz., leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida), aphid, Aphis gossypii (Glover), whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and thrips, Thrips tabaci (Linnman) cause severe damage and serious threat to many field crops at early stage and can also affect the crop stand and yield. Some sucking pests are cosmopolitan, polyphagous, widely distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions and are also vectors for a number of viral diseases in large number of plants.
The field trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of innovative mixtures of Acephate, Pyriproxyfen and one more insecticide against sucking pests in cotton crop. Trial was conducted with randomized block design with net plot size of 7m x 7m. Cotton crop was raised with all standard agronomic practices. Spraying was done with manual operated back pack sprayer with 500 liter of water spray volume per hectare at 60 days after sowing. The observations was recorded by counting the no. of sucking insects (whitefly adult and nymph, Jassid and thrips) per leaf, three leaves per plant and five plants per plot. The observations were recorded at before spraying, 10 DAA (Days after application). The percent insect control was worked out by below formula:
Number of insect in treated plot
% Insect Control = ------------------------------------------------- x 100
Number of insects in untreated plot

Table 1: Sucking pests control in Cotton

Compositions Dose (gram active per hectare) % Insect Control at 10 DAA
Bemisia tabaci Adult Bemisia tabaci Nymph Thrips tabaci Amrasca biguttula biguttula
Acephate 40%+Pyriproxyfen 6%+Acetamiprid 3% WDG 500+75+37.50 89.26 93.56 84.82 85.82
Acephate 40%+Pyriproxyfen 6%+Bifenthrin 4% WDG 500+75+50 91.24 87.62 94.40 92.36
Acephate 40%+Pyriproxyfen 6%+Fipronil 4% WDG 500+75+50 88.2 98.12 96.10 90.46
Acephate 40%+Pyriproxyfen 6%+Flonicamid 5% WDG 500+75+62.50 89.34 95.82 89.68 88.12
Acephate 40%+Pyriproxyfen 6%+Spirotetramat 5% WDG 500+75+62.50 88.82 96.24 91.28 86.62
Acephate 40%+Pyriproxyfen 6%+Tolfenpyrad 8% WDG 500+75+100 90.26 96.44 95.72 93.72
Acephate 40%+Pyriproxyfen 6% WDG 500+75 78.82 86.28 68.74 74.28
Acephate 40%+Acetamiprid 3% WDG 500+37.50 67.24 67.82 70.82 67.84
Acephate 40%+Bifenthrin 4% WDG 500+50 63.18 63.54 74.64 74.72
Acephate 40%+Fipronil 4% WDG 500+50 66.82 65.28 76.28 70.18
Acephate 40%+Flonicamid 5% WDG 500+62.50 62.10 62.20 70.18 72.62
Acephate 40%+Spirotetramat 5% WDG 500+62.50 65.28 60.72 71.38 70.82
Acephate 40%+Tolfenpyrad 8% WDG 500+100 60.92 61.28 78.84 77.64
Pyriproxyfen 6%+Acetamiprid 3% WDG 75+37.50 51.84 82.48 61.28 56.28
Pyriproxyfen 6%+Bifenthrin 4% WDG 75+50 54.82 82.60 64.58 62.38
Pyriproxyfen 6%+Fipronil 4% WDG 75+50 55.82 80.28 66.38 62.18
Pyriproxyfen 6%+Flonicamid 5% WDG 75+62.50 52.38 80.28 62.42 60.48
Pyriproxyfen 6%+Spirotetramat 5% WDG 75+62.50 49.28 78.72 62.38 56.28
Pyriproxyfen 6%+Tolfenpyrad 8% WDG 75+100 56.82 77.66 66.84 61.28
Acephate 40% WDG 500 41.28 53.42 26.48 16.84
Pyriproxyfen 6% WDG 75 36.58 58.24 24.36 17.92
Acetamiprid 3% WDG 37.5 16.28 16.72 24.84 18.92
Bifenthrin 4% WDG 50 27.84 41.82 37.16 40.48
Fipronil 4% WDG 50 25.72 34.58 44.62 25.78
Flonicamid 5% WDG 62.5 23.76 23.72 40.82 34.68
Spirotetramat 5% WDG 62.5 23.58 22,80 34.56 23.74
Tolfenpyrad 8% WDG 100 27.80 23.62 40.28 52.62

WDG- Water Dispersible Granules, DAA Days After Application

The trial results shows excellent efficacy of Acephate+Pyriproxyfen combinations with any one insecticide from Acetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Fipronil, Flonicamid, Spirotetramat and Tolfenpyrad against Whitefly nymphs and adult, Thrips and Jassid. The solo application as well as the combination of any two active ingredients tested here, were also not able to provide satisfactory control of sucking pests complex. The combination of Acephate+Pyriproxyfen with any one insecticide from Acetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Fipronil, Flonicamid, Spirotetramat and Tolfenpyrad found very promising against whitefly nymphs in terms of efficacy as well as residual control.
Trial 2
The pot experiment was conducted on Brinjal Solanum melongena to study the synergism between Acephate+Pyriproxyfen+Bifenthrin. The required concentration of insecticide combination was sprayed on brinjal crop with hand operated knapsack sprayer using 500 liter water volume. The number of insects, whitefly were counted per leaf, 3 leaves per plant and five plants per treatment and % whitefly morality was counted at 7 days after spray by below formula
Number of insect in treated plot
% Insect Control = ------------------------------------------------- x 100
Number of insects in untreated plot

After calculating % Insect control, the synergism was calculated by below formula :
The synergistic pesticidal action of the inventive mixtures calculated by Colby’s formula as follows :
E = [A + B + C]- [{AB}+{BC}+{AC}] / 100 + [ {ABC}/10000]

in which, E = Expected percentage of Insecticidal or fungicidal control for the combination of three active ingredient, A is the percentage of insecticidal or fungicidal control observed by active ingredient I at defined dose, B is the percentage of insecticidal or fungicidal control observed by Active Ingredient II at defined dose, C is the percentage of insecticidal or fungicidal control observed by Active Ingredient III at defined dose. When the percentage of insecticidal or fungicidal control observed for the combination is greater than the expected percentage, there is a synergistic effect. (Ratio of O/E > 1, means synergism observed.)
Table 2: Synergistic effect on Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci
Compositions Dose (g or ml/l water) % Whitefly mortality
Obs.Value Cal.Value Ratio
Acephate 95% SG 1 44.26
Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 2 44.82
Bifenthrin 10% EC 1 35.26
Acephate 95% SG + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1+2 63.18 69.24 0.91
Acephate 95% SG + Bifenthrin 10% EC 1+1 55.82 63.91 0.87
Pyriproxyfen 10% EC + Bifenthrin 10% EC 2+1 56.82 64.28 0.88
Acephate 95% SG+Pyriproxyfen10% EC+Bifenthrin 10% EC 1+2+1 97.16 80.09 1.21
SG –Soluble Granules, EC Emulsifiable Concentrate
The combinations of Acephate+Pyriproxyfen+Bifenthrin shows synergistic activity against whitefly.
Trial 3
The chilly crop was raised in pot as per the standard normal agronomic practices and allowed to built the Thrips population. The required concentration of insecticide combination was sprayed on Chilly crop with hand operated knapsack sprayer using 500 liter water volume. The number of insects, Thrips were counted per twig, 5 twigs per plant and five plants per treatment and % Thrips morality was counted at 7 days after spray by formula given in Trial 1.
The synergistic activity also studied by calculating the Colby’s formula as given in Trial 2.
Table 3: Synergistic effect on Thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis
Compositions Dose (g or ml/l water) % Thrips Mortality
Obs.Value Cal.Value Ratio
Acephate 95% SG 1 35.56
Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 2 33.92
Fipronil 5% SC 1.5 57.82
Acephate 95% SG + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1+2 53.82 57.42 0.94
Acephate 95% SG + Fipronil 5% SC 1+1.5 64.82 72.82 0.89
Pyriproxyfen 10% EC + Fipronil 5% SC 2+1.5 63.72 72.13 0.88
Acephate 95% SG+Pyriproxyfen10% EC+Fipronil 5% SC 1+2+1.5 96.62 82.04 1.18
SG –Soluble Granules, EC Emulsifiable Concentrate, SC Suspension Concentrate
The field experiment data shows that the combination of Acephate+Pyriproxyfen+Fipronil shows synergistic activity against Thrips.
Trial 4
To study the residual control of these innovations, a field experiment was carried out on Brinjal crop. The crop was raised with all standard agronomic practices and whitefly Bemisia tabaci population allowed to build up naturally. The foliar application was done with manually operated knap sack sprayer by calculating water volume 500 liter per hectare. The whitefly population count were recorded before application and 5, 10, 15 and 20 days application from 3 leaves per plant and 5 plants per plot. The percent whitefly control was calculated as per the formula given in Trial 1. The data was presented in table below.
Table 4 : Residual control of Whitefly Bemisia tabaci on Brinjal Solanum melongena
Compositions Dose (gram active per hectare) Residual control of Whitefly (%)
5 DAA 10 DAA 15 DAA 20 DAA
Acephate 40%+Pyriproxyfen 6%+Acetamiprid 3% WDG 500+75+37.50 91.6 86.5 79.68 78.82
Acephate 40%+Pyriproxyfen 6%+Bifenthrin 4% WDG 500+75+50 97.66 94.7 90.66 88.26
Acephate 40%+Pyriproxyfen 6%+Fipronil 4% WDG 500+75+50 93.08 90.5 82.52 79.54
Acephate 40%+Pyriproxyfen 6%+Flonicamid 5% WDG 500+75+62.50 95.58 91.26 86.40 83.66
Acephate 40%+Pyriproxyfen 6%+Spirotetramat 5% WDG 500+75+62.50 94.26 89.60 81.82 80.16
Acephate 40%+Pyriproxyfen 6%+Tolfenpyrad 8% WDG 500+75+100 95.74 93.12 88.82 86.94
Acephate 40%+Pyriproxyfen 6% WDG 500+75 85.04 78.68 74.18 70.88
Acephate 40%+Acetamiprid 3% WDG 500+37.50 71.14 54.58 44.48 39.30
Acephate 40%+Bifenthrin 4% WDG 500+50 83.62 76.54 70.00 66.58
Acephate 40%+Fipronil 4% WDG 500+50 73.48 58.48 50.36 42.66
Acephate 40%+Flonicamid 5% WDG 500+62.50 79.60 71.06 63.90 56.76
Acephate 40%+Spirotetramat 5% WDG 500+62.50 77.40 68.48 60.14 48.30
Acephate 40%+Tolfenpyrad 8% WDG 500+100 81.40 70.68 64.34 50.42
Pyriproxyfen 6%+Acetamiprid 3% WDG 75+37.50 73.58 47.50 36.98 10.62
Pyriproxyfen 6%+Bifenthrin 4% WDG 75+50 71.36 49.08 38.14 6.94
Pyriproxyfen 6%+Fipronil 4% WDG 75+50 72.38 53.60 40.22 8.44
Pyriproxyfen 6%+Flonicamid 5% WDG 75+62.50 69.84 58.16 38.44 10.38
Pyriproxyfen 6%+Spirotetramat 5% WDG 75+62.50 69.52 59.80 40.36 16.74
Pyriproxyfen 6%+Tolfenpyrad 8% WDG 75+100 70.72 64.70 43.94 22.86
Acephate 40% WDG 500 61.06 38.14 1.82 0.00
Pyriproxyfen 6% WDG 75 42.58 31.36 0.20 0.00
Acetamiprid 3% WDG 37.5 25.16 3.70 0.00 0.00
Bifenthrin 4% WDG 50 32.42 14.70 0.00 0.00
Fipronil 4% WDG 50 15.56 0.52 0.00 0.00
Flonicamid 5% WDG 62.5 27.24 8.40 0.00 0.00
Spirotetramat 5% WDG 62.5 29.02 11.40 0.00 0.00
Tolfenpyrad 8% WDG 100 17.58 4.50 1.18 0.00
WDG- Water Dispersible Granules, DAA Days After Application

The field trial results shows that all these innovative combinations of Acephate with Pyriproxyfen with one more insecticides shows longer duration of whitefly control compared to their individual as well as their two active ingredient combinations.
,CLAIMS:We claim;

[Claim 1]. A pesticidal composition comprising (A) Acephate (B) Pyriproxyfen (C) at least one insecticide selected from group Acetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Fipronil, Flonicamid, Spirotetramat and Tolfenpyrad and one or more customary formulation adjuvants.
[Claim 2]. The pesticidal composition according to claim 1, wherein (A) Acephate is in the range 0.1 to 40%;(B) Pyriproxyfen is in the range 0.1 to 30 %; (C) Insecticide is in the range 0.1 to 20% by weight and atleast one or more adjuvants.
[Claim 3]. The pesticidal composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein customary formulation adjuvants is selected from the group consisting of dispersant, anti-foam agent, wetting agent, suspension aid, Antihydrolysis agent, Binding agent, Disintegrating agent.
[Claim 4]. The pesticidal composition according to claims 1-3 wherein formulation is Water dispersible granules (WDG).
[Claim 5]. The pesticidal composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition is applied as foliar spray with the help of manual operated knap sack sprayer, battery or power operated or machine or tractor operated sprayer with the spray volume of 250 to 750 liters per hectare.
[Claim 6]. The pesticidal composition according to claim 5 wherein the said composition is applied in an amount of from 100 to 4000 g or ml per hectare, preferably from 500 to 2000 g or ml per hectare.
[Claim 7]. The pesticidal composition according to any preceding claims, wherein the said composition is be useful in Cotton (Gossypium spp.), Jute (Corchorus oliotorus), Paddy (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticum aestavum), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Maize (Zea mays), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Ragi (Eleusine coracana), Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) , Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris), Soybean (Glycin max), Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) , Mustard (Brassica juncea), Rape seed (Brassica napus), Linseed (Linum usitatissimum), Sesame (Sesamum indicum), Castor (Ricinus communis), Green gram (Vigna radiate), Black gram (Vigna mungo), Chickpea (Cicer aritinum), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Redgram (Cajanus cajan), Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Indian bean (Lablab purpureus), Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), Field pea (Pisum sativum), Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), Lentils (Lens culinaris), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) , Onion (Allium cepa L.), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicun) , Potato (Solanum tuberosum) , Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Chilly (Capsicum annum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), Muskmelons (Cucumis melo), Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), Radish (Raphanus sativus), Carrot (Dacus carota subsp. sativus), Turnip (Brassica rapa subsp rapa), Apple (Melus domestica), Banana (Musa spp.), Citrus groups (Citrus spp.), Grape (Vitis vinifera), Guava (Psidium guajava), Litchi (Litchi chinensis), Mango (Mangifera indica), Papaya (Carica papaya), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Pomegranate (Punica granatum) , Sapota (Manilkara zapota), Tea (Camellia sinensis), Coffea (Coffea Arabica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi), Psyllium (Plantago ovate), Black Pepper (Piper nigrum), Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), Safed musli (Chlorophytum tuberosum), Drum stick (Moringa oleifera), Coconut (Coco nucifera), Mentha ( Mentha spp.), Rose (Rosa spp.), Jasmine (Jasminum spp.), Marigold ( Tagetes spp.), Common daisy (Bellis perennis), Dahlia (Dahlia hortnesis), Gerbera ( Gerbera jamesonii), Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) and GMO derivatives thereof.
[Claim 8]. The pesticidal composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition is useful against Plutella xylostella, Liriomyza trifolii, Frankliniella occidentalis, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Thrips tabaci, Amrasca biguttula biguttula, Amrasca devastans, Amritodus atkinsoni, Aphis gossypii, Aphis crassivora, Bemisia argentifolii, Bemisia tabaci, Empoasca fabae, Nilaparvata lugens, Nephotettix virescens, Nephotettix nigropictus, Planococcus spp., Pseudococcus spp., Pyrilla perpusilla, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus telarius and Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Oligonychus pratensis, Polyphagotarsonemus latus.
[Claim 9]. The pesticidal composition according to any proceeding claims, wherein the use of said composition exhibits improvement in plant health, vigor and yield.