DESC:FIELD OF THE INVENTION:

The present invention relates to formulated pesticidal composition, comprising of Carboxin, at least one insecticide and at least one fungicide. The present invention also relates to the method of preparing the said composition, comprising of Carboxin, at least one insecticide and at least one fungicide wherein insecticide may be selected from Clothianidin, Imidacloprid, Fipronil and fungicide may be selected from Tebuconazole and Thiram. The present invention also provides a method of controlling or preventing pathogenic damage or pest damage in a plant propagation material, a plant, parts of a plant and/or plant organs that grow at a later point in time with the use of present pesticidal composition.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The control of phytopathogenic fungi is of great economic importance since fungal growth on plants or on parts of plants, e.g., fruits, blossoms, foliage, stems, tubers, roots, etc., inhibits production of foliage, fruit or seed and reduces the overall quantity and quality of the harvested crop. The continuous economic toll taken by phytopathogenic fungi establishes a continuing need to develop new, more effective fungicides which possess curative, preventative and systemic action to protect cultivated plants and the seeds from which they develop. Those requirements must be accomplished without any significant adverse side effects to the plants of the desired crops.

Compositions containing insecticides and fungicides have been employed to pre-treat or pre-inoculate seeds. However, these compositions have sometimes exhibited reduced bacterial activity over time, presumably as a result of the degradative effects of the chemical component on the biological component. Such compositions have even been found to lack virtually all bacterial activity despite having been formulated with an adequate quantity of bacteria. For this reason, it has been the practice to apply a chemical fungicide such as captan, thiram, carboxin, metalaxyl, quintozene (PCNB), and the like to the seed well in advance of planting.

Carboxin (IUPAC name: 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1,4-oxathiine-3-carboxanilide; CAS name: 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-N-phenyl-1,4-oxathiin-3-carboxamide), molecular Formula C12H13NO2S, is a kind of the suction effect of heterocyclic fungicides. Carboxin is mainly used in cereals such as sorghum head smut, but also can prevent wheat rust, cotton grass diseases, and the incidence of white millet. Sensitivity (lack of resistance) to fungicides is a problem in commercial strains of mushrooms. Mutant strains, produced from known parent strains by UV irradiation followed by selection and having a genetically stable phenotype of insensitivity (resistance) to carboxin or benodanil, have now been prepared. The fungus Verticillium fungicola is pathogenic to mushrooms and is difficult to control. Certain fungicides, notably carboxin and benodanil, give some control over this pathogen, but these fungicides are phytotoxic to mushroom mycelium. If mushroom strains can be made less sensitive to one of these fungicides, fungicides can be used to control fungal diseases to which they are susceptible.

Carboxin single dose for long-term use will easily make disease resistant to carboxin. This is resulting in increased dosage of carboxin and therefore control efficiency decreases. This is not conducive to the sustainable development of the environment. The active ingredients of different mechanisms of action can be complex, some of the disease is resistant to commonly used methods, and applications are based on the actual production of the effect, to determine when this complex synergism or antagonism. There is a need in selecting different active ingredients which can manifest to improve control efficiency, reducing the use of pesticides, spectrum bactericidal and improve the sterilization rate. During the research of our scientist have found that Carboxin and effective amount of Insecticides and fungicides related complex mechanism of action is different from each other within a certain range which can manifest to improve control efficiency, reducing the use of pesticides, spectrum bactericidal and improve the sterilization rate.

Application of fungicides to plants may stimulate growth of plants by depressing growth of undesirable and/or pathogenic fungi, such as smuts, molds, rusts, and mildews. For example, a fungicide may be applied to suppress potato blight, wheat rust, wheat blight, wheat smut, or grape mildew.

One way that fungicide may be applied is as a seed treatment. This may be effective, for example, to suppress damage caused by seed decay, seedling blights, and root rots of certain seeds. Fungi that may cause this damage include, for example, species of the following genera: Pythium, Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, Verticillium and Macrophomina.
A fungicidal effect may also be achieved by providing a seed that has been genetically engineered to produce a protein that is able to reduce the growth of undesirable and/or pathogenic fungi. Such genetically engineered organisms are reported, for example, in Herrera-Estrella, L. & Simpson, J., “Genetically Engineered Resistance to Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens” World J. of Micro. & Biotech. 11(4): 383-392 (2004) and in U.S. Pat. No. 7,098,378, to Sainz, et al. Both of the foregoings are incorporated by reference herein.

Moreover, the invention relates to a method for controlling phytopathogenic fungi and phytophagous insects. The control of phytopathogenic fungi and phytophagous insects is of extreme importance to the agricultural industry. Some of this damage occurs when plant pathogens, insects and other such soil borne pests damage a seedling. The period during germination of the seed, sprouting and initial growth of the plant is particularly critical because the roots and shoots of the growing plant are small and even a small amount of damage can kill the entire plant. Moreover, some natural plant defenses are not fully developed at this stage and the plant is vulnerable to attack.

Additionally, the present invention also comprises a method for protection of plant propagation material from phytopathogenic fungi and phytophagous insects comprising contacting the plant propagation materials with an inventive mixture in fungicidally and insecticidal effective amounts. The term "plant propagation material" is to be understood to denote all the generative parts of the plant such as seeds and vegetative plant material such as cuttings and tubers (e. g. potatoes), which can be used for the multiplication of the plant. This includes seeds, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, shoots, sprouts and other parts of plants, including seedlings and young plants, which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from soil. These young plants may also be protected before transplantation by a total or partial treatment by immersion or pouring. In a particular preferred embodiment, the term propagation material denotes seeds. The present invention further relates to plant-protecting active ingredient mixtures having synergistically enhanced action of improving the health of plants and to a method of applying such inventive mixtures to the plants.

Seed coating technology is an application developed soaking or dressing in traditional technology based on common seed treatment technology. The dry or wet seeds with pesticides or fertilizers containing such binder compositions package have a protective layer formed on the function and strength of the seed coating, the coating process in the seed, the seed package. The seed coating composition is called out, for a crop or other plant seed treated with film-forming properties of the pesticide homogeneous system. Seed biggest advantage is a layer of relatively solid film can be formed on the outside of the seed. Seed swelling in the soil without being dissolved, allowing moisture and air required by the seed germination of normal, slow release fertilizer and seed contained pesticides and other substances. So, Seed has to kill soil pests, seedling pests, control seedling diseases and systemic diseases, improve seed germination, and promote the healthy growth of seedlings, less the amount of seeds and other effects, and ultimately achieve pest and disease prevention, strong seedlings, the purpose of improving production. Pest prevention and control issues are most prone to drug resistance, followed by a single control spectrum, many times when farmers use pesticide, causing serious environmental pollution, large field crop pesticides on human health. Applicants different fungicides and insecticides mechanism complex to achieve the purpose of preventing a double-jet, effective prevention and treatment of various diseases of crops, prevention of the original single agent to expand the spectrum, does not directly act on the crop and the crop growing period decomposition of pesticide residues on crop residue or no residue, by the food safety, and significant synergistic effects, excellent environmental compatibility, greatly reducing the amount of pesticide treatment, reducing the cost of pesticide farmers.

However, the biological properties of these mixtures of known compounds are not completely satisfactory in the field of pest control.

In general use, the pesticide actives are used in the form of a dilute aqueous composition because it can attain a good interaction with the target organism, such as plants, fungi and insects. However, most active pesticide compounds that are used as pesticides are only sparingly or even insoluble in water. The low solubility of such compounds present the challenges and difficulties to formulator in formulating pesticide compounds in stable formulations that can be easily stored for a long time and which still have a high stability and effective activity until end use.

For the reasons mentioned above there does a need to provide further formulation of combinations comprising Carboxin, and at least one Insecticide and at least one fungicide having synergistic pest control properties. This object is achieved according to the invention by providing the present formulation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a formulated pesticidal composition comprising (A) Carboxin (B) at least one Insecticide (C) at least one fungicide and one or more customary formulation adjuvants.

Accordingly, in a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of controlling or preventing pathogenic damage or pest damage in a plant propagation material, a plant, parts of a plant and/or plant organs that grow at a later point in time, which comprises applying on the plant propagation material a composition comprising a formulated mixture defined in the first aspect.

Accordingly, in a third aspect, the present invention provides a method of protecting a plant propagation material, a plant, parts of a plant and/or plant organs that grow at a later point in time against pathogenic damage or pest damage by applying to the plant propagation material a composition comprising a formulated mixture defined in the first aspect.

Accordingly, in a fourth aspect the invention provides novel composition in the form of formulations selected from Flowable Slurry (FS), Flowable Suspension(FS), Suspension Concentrate (SC) and Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible granules (WDG) and Wettable powders (WP) from dry formulation form which comprises of(A) Carboxin (B) at least one Insecticide (C) at least one fungicide and one or more customary formulation adjuvants such as a) dispersant b) wetting agent c) anti-foaming agent d) biocides e) anti-freezing agent f) suspending agent g)thickener, h) coating agent and i) buffering agent.

Accordingly, in a further aspect of the present invention is containing the pesticide composition of (A) Carboxin (B) at least one Insecticide (C) at least one fungicide wherein insecticide may be selected from Clothianidin, Imidacloprid, Fipronil and fungicide (s) may be selected from Tebuconazole and Thiram.

According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a formulated pesticidal composition comprising (A) Carboxin, 0.5 to 40%; (B) Insecticide 1 to 80 %; (C) fungicides 0.05 to 40% by weight of active ingredients, optional formulation also contains at least one Biocide, dispersant and thickener (or agent of suspension).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a formulated pesticidal composition for protecting plants, e.g., seeds of such economically important crops. The present invention relates to plant-protecting active ingredient mixtures having synergistically enhanced action and to a method of improving the health of plants by applying said mixtures to the plants or the locus thereof.

The term “formulated pesticidal composition”, “active ingredient mixture” or “formulated mixture” as used herein convey the same meaning and can be used interchangeably.

One typical problem arising in the field of pest control lies in the need to reduce the dosage rates of the active ingredient in order to reduce or avoid unfavorable environmental or toxicological effects whilst still allowing effective pest and pathogen control.

Another problem encountered concerns the need to have available pest control agents which are effective against a broad spectrum of pests and pathogens.

Another problem underlying the present invention is the desire for compositions that improve plants, a process which is commonly and hereinafter referred to as “plant health”. For example, advantageous properties that may be mentioned are improved crop characteristics including: emergence, crop yields, protein content, more developed root system (improved root growth), tillering increase, increase in plant height, bigger leaf blade, less dead basal leaves, stronger tillers, greener leaf color, pigment content, photosynthetic activity, less fertilizers needed, less seeds needed, more productive tillers, earlier lowering, early grain maturity, less plant verse (lodging), increased shoot growth, enhanced plant vigor, increased plant stand and early germination; or any other advantages familiar to a person skilled in the art.

The invention furthermore relates to plant-protecting active ingredient mixtures having synergistically enhanced action and to a method of improving the health of plants by applying said mixtures to the plants or the locus thereof, for example a plant or a plant propagation material, that is infested or liable to be infested by fungi with the pesticides present in a inventive mixture in any desired sequence or simultaneously, that is, jointly or separately.

Advantageous invention relates to a formulated pesticidal composition comprising of (A) Carboxin (B) at least one Insecticide (C) at least one fungicide in ratios by weight of the active ingredients are (A) Carboxin 0.5 to 40%; (B) Insecticides 1 to 80 %; (C) fungicides 0.05 to 40%, wherein insecticide may be selected from Clothianidin, Imidacloprid, Fipronil, and fungicide(s) may be selected from Tebuconazole and Thiram.

The novel active ingredient mixtures have very advantageous curative, preventive and systemic fungicidal properties for protecting cultivated plants. As has been mentioned, said active ingredient mixtures can be used to inhibit or destroy the pathogens that occur on plants or parts of plants (fruit, blossoms, leaves, stems, tubers, roots) of different crops or useful plants, while at the same time those parts of plants which grow later are also protected from attack by such pathogens. Active ingredient mixtures have the special advantage of being highly active against diseases in the soil that mostly occur in the early stages of plant development.

As per one embodiment, the formulated pesticidal composition comprising of (A) Carboxin (B) at least one Insecticide (C) at least one fungicide wherein insecticide may be selected from Clothianidin, Imidacloprid, Fipronil and fungicide (s) may be selected from Tebuconazole and Thiram; specifically, suitable for controlling the following harmful fungi:
Alternaria species on vegetables and fruit; Bipolaris and Drechslera species on cereals, rice and turf; Blumeriagraminis (powdery mildew) on cereals; Botrytis cinerea (gray mold) on strawberries, vegetables, ornamentals and grapevines; Didymella species on various plants; Erysiphecichoracearum and Sphaerothecafuliginea on cucurbits; Fusarium and Verticillium species on various plants; Mycosphaerella species on cereals, bananas and peanuts; Phakopsarapachyrhizi and Phakopsarameibomiae on soybeans; Phytophthora species on various plants; Plasmoparaviticola on grapevines; Podosphaeraleucotricha on apples; Pseudocercosporellaherpotrichoides on wheat and barley; Pseudoperonospora species on hops and cucumbers; Puccinia species on cereals; Pyriculariaoryzae on rice; Pythium species on various plants; Rhizoctonia species on cotton, legumes, rice and turf; Sclerotinia species on various plants; Septoriatritici and Stagonosporanodorum on wheat; Thielaviopsis species on various plants; Uncinulanecator on grapevines; Ustilago species on cereals and sugar cane, and Venturia species (scab) on apples and pears; Aspergillus species, Sclerotium species, Rhizoctonia species, Macrophomina species on Legumes, Oilseed and Pulses.

Further as per another embodiment, the formulated pesticidal composition comprising of (A) Carboxin (B) at least one Insecticide (C) at least one fungicide wherein insecticide may be selected from Clothianidin, Imidacloprid, Fipronil and fungicide (s) may be selected from Tebuconazole and Thiram; is used for control of fungi and insect in Cotton (Gossypium spp.), Paddy (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticum aestavum), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Maize (Zea mays), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) , Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris), Soybean (Glycin max), Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) , Mustard (Brassica juncea), Rape seed (Brassica napus), Linseed (Linum usitatissimum), Castor (Ricinus communis), Green gram (Vigna radiate), Black gram (Vigna mungo), Chickpea (Cicer aritinum), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Redgram (Cajanus cajan), Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Indian bean (Lablab purpureus), Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), Field pea (Pisum sativum), Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), Lentils (Lens culinaris), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) , Onion (Allium cepa L.), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicun) , Potato (Solanum tuberosum) , Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Chilly (Capsicum annum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), Muskmelons (Cucumis melo), Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), Radish (Raphanus sativus), Carrot (Dacus carota subsp. sativus), Turnip (Brassica rapa subsp rapa), Apple (Melus domestica), Banana (Musa spp.), Citrus groups (Citrus spp.), Grape (Vitis vinifera), Guava (Psidium guajava), Litchi (Litchi chinensis), Mango (Mangifera indica), Papaya (Carica papaya), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Pomegranate (Punica granatum) , Sapota (Manilkara zapota), Tea (Camellia sinensis), Coffea (Coffea Arabica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi), Psyllium (Plantago ovate), Black Pepper (Piper nigrum), Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), Safed musli (Chlorophytum tuberosum), Drum stick (Moringa oleifera), Coconut (Coco nucifera), Mentha ( Mentha spp.), Rose (Rosa spp.), Jasmine (Jasminum spp.), Marigold ( Tagetes spp.), Common daisy (Bellis perennis), Dahlia (Dahlia hortnesis), Gerbera ( Gerbera jamesonii), Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) and GMO derivatives thereof.

Further as per another embodiment, the formulated pesticidal composition comprising of (A) Carboxin (B) at least one Insecticide (C) at least one fungicide wherein insecticide may be selected from Clothianidin, Imidacloprid, Fipronil and fungicide(s) may be selected from Tebuconazole and Thiram; is used for control of fungi and insect are also suitable for controlling the following harmful insects:
lepidopterans (Lepidoptera), for example Agrotisypsilon, Agrotissegetum, Alabama argillacea, Anticarsiagemmatalis, Argyresthiaconjugella, Autographa gamma, Bupaluspiniarius, Cacoeciamurinana, Capua reticulana, Cheimatobiabrumata, Choristoneurafumiferana, Choristoneuraoccidentalis, Cirphisunipuncta, Cydiapomonella, Dendrolimuspini, Diaphanianitidalis, Diatraeagrandiosella, Eariasinsulana, Elasmopalpuslignosellus, Eupoeciliaambiguella, Evetriabouliana, Feltiasubterranea, Galleria mellonella, Grapholithafunebrana, Grapholithamolesta, Heliothisarmigera, Heliothisvirescens, Heliothiszea, Hellulaundalis, Hibernia defoliaria, Hyphantriacunea, Hyponomeutamalinellus, Keiferialycopersicella, Lambdinafiscellaria, Laphygmaexigua, Leucopteracoffeella, Leucopterascitella, Lithocolletisblancardella, Lobesiabotrana, Loxostegesticticalis, Lymantriadispar, Lymantriamonacha, Lyonetiaclerkella, Malacosomaneustria, Mamestrabrassicae, Orgyiapseudotsugata, Ostrinianubilalis, Panolisflammea, Pectinophoragossypiella, Peridromasaucia, Phalerabucephala, Phthorimaeaoperculella, Phyllocnistiscitrella, Pierisbrassicae, Plathypenascabra, Plutellaxylostella, Pseudoplusiaincludens, Rhyacioniafrustrana, Scrobipalpula absolute, Sitotrogacerealella, Sparganothispilleriana, Spodopterafrugiperda, Spodopteralittoralis, Spodopteralitura, Thaumatopoeapityocampa, Tortrixviridana, Trichoplusiani and Zeiraphera Canadensis; Beetles (Coleoptera), for example Agrilussinuatus, Agrioteslineatus, Agriotesobscurus, Amphimallussolstitialis, Anisandrusdispar, Anthonomusgrandis, Anthonomuspomorum, Atomarialinearis, Blastophaguspiniperda, Blitophagaundata, Bruchusrufimanus, Bruchuspisorum, Bruchuslentis, Byctiscusbetulae, Cassidanebulosa, Cerotoma trifurcate, Ceuthorrhynchusassimilis, Ceuthorrhynchusnapi, Chaetocnematibialis, Conoderusvespertinus, Criocerisasparagi, Diabroticalongicornis, Diabroticaspeciosa, Diabrotica 12-punctata, Diabroticavirgifera, Diloboderusabderus, Epilachnavarivestis, Epitrixhirtipennis, Eutinobothrusbrasiliensis, Holotrichiabicol,Holotrichiaconsanguinea, Holotrichiaserrata, Melolontha spp., PhyllognathussppHylobiusabietis, Hyperabrunneipennis, Hyperapostica, Ipstypographus, Lemabilineata, Lemamelanopus, Leptinotarsadecemlineata, Limoniuscalifornicus, Lissorhoptrusoryzophilus, Melanotuscommunis, Meligethesaeneus, Melolonthahippocastani, Melolonthamelolontha, Oulemaoryzae, Ortiorrhynchussulcatus, Oryazophagusoryzae, Otiorrhynchusovatus, Phaedoncochleariae, Phyllotretachrysocephala, Phyllophaga sp., Phyllophagacuyabana, Phyllophagatriticophaga, Phylloperthahorticola, Phyllotretanemorum, Phyllotretastriolata, Popillia japonica, Sitonalineatus and Sitophilusgranaria,Dipterans (Diptera), for example Aedesaegypti, Aedesvexans, Anastrephaludens, Anopheles maculipennis, Ceratitiscapitata, Chrysomyabezziana, Chrysomyahominivorax, Chrysomyamacellaria, Contariniasorghicola, Cordylobiaanthropophaga, Culexpipiens, Dacuscucurbitae, Dacusoleae, Dasineurabrassicae, Fanniacanicularis, Gasterophilusintestinalis, Glossinamorsitans, Haematobiairritans, Haplodiplosisequestris, Hylemyiaplatura, Hypodermalineata, Liriomyzasativae, Liriomyzatrifolii, Lucille caprina, Luciliacuprina, Luciliasericata, Lycoriapectoralis, Mayetiola destructor, Muscadomestica, Muscinastabulans, Oestrusovis, Oscinella frit, Pegomyahysocyami, Phorbiaantiqua, Phorbiabrassicae, Phorbiacoarctata, Rhagoletiscerasi, Rhagoletispomonella, Tabanusbovinus, Tipulaoleracea and Tipulapaludosa,Thrips (Thysanoptera), e.g. Frankliniellafusca, Frankliniellaoccidentalis, Frankliniellatritici, Scirtothripscitri, Thripsoryzae, Thripspalmi and Thripstabaci, Hymenopterans (Hymenoptera), e.g. Acromyrmexambuguus, Acromyrmexcrassispinus, Acromyrmexheiery, Acromyrmexlandolti, Acromyrmexsubterraneus, Athaliarosae, Atta capiguara, Atta cephalotes, Atta laevigata, Atta robusta, Atta sexdens, Atta texana, Hoplocampaminuta, Hoplocampatestudinea, Monomoriumpharaonis, Solenopsis geminate and Solenopsisinvicta, Heteropterans (Heteroptera), e.g. Acrosternumhilare, Blissusleucopterus, Cyrtopeltisnotatus, Dichelopsfurcatus, Dysdercuscingulatus, Dysdercusintermedius, Euchistosheros, Eurygasterintegriceps, Euschistusimpictiventris, Leptoglossusphyllopus, Lyguslineolaris, Lyguspratensis, Nezaraviridula, Piesmaquadrata, Piezodorusguildini, Solubeainsularis and Thyantaperditor, Hemiptera and Homoptera, e.g. Acrosternumhilare, Blissusleucopterus, Cyrtopeltisnotatus, Diaphorinacitri, Dysdercuscingulatus, Dysdercusintermedius, Eurygasterintegriceps, Euschistusimpictiventris, Leptoglossusphyllopus, Lyguslineolaris, Lyguspratensis, Nezaraviridula, Piesmaquadrata, SolubeainsularisThyantaperditor, Acyrthosiphononobrychis, Adelgeslaricis, Aphidulanasturtii, Aphis fabae, Aphis forbesi, Aphis pomi, Aphis gossypii, Aphis grossulariae, Aphis schneideri, Aphis spiraecola, Aphis sambuci, Acyrthosiphonpisum, Aulacorthumsolani, Brachycauduscardui, Brachycaudushelichrysi, Brachycauduspersicae, Brachycaudusprunicola, Brevicorynebrassicae, Capitophorushorni, Cerosiphagossypii, Chaetosiphonfragaefolii, Cryptomyzusribis, Dreyfusianordmannianae, Dreyfusiapiceae, Dysaphisradicola, Dysaulacorthumpseudosolani, Dysaphisplantaginea, Dysaphispyri, Empoascafabae, Hyalopteruspruni, Hyperomyzuslactucae, Macrosiphumavenae, Macrosiphumeuphorbiae, Macrosiphonrosae, Megouraviciae, Melanaphispyrarius, Metopolophiumdirhodum, Myzodespersicae, Myzusascalonicus, Myzuscerasi, Myzusvarians, Nasonoviaribis-nigri, Nilaparvatalugens, Pemphigus bursarius, Perkinsiellasaccharicida, Phorodonhumuli, Psyllamali, Psyllapiri, Rhopalomyzusascalonicus, Rhopalosiphummaidis, Rhopalosiphumpadi, Rhopalosiphuminsertum, Sappaphis mala, Sappaphismali, Schizaphisgraminum, Schizoneuralanuginosa, Sitobionavenae, Trialeurodesvaporariorum, Toxopteraaurantiiand, Viteusvitifolii, Cimexlectularius, Cimexhemipterus, Reduviussenilis, Triatoma spp., and Ariluscritatus, Termites (Isoptera), e.g. Calotermesflavicollis, Cornitermescumulans, Heterotermestenuis, Leucotermesflavipes, Neocapritemesopacus, Procornitermestriacifer; Reticulitermeslucifugus, Syntermesmolestus, and Termesnatalensis,
Orthopterans (Orthoptera), e.g. Achetadomestica, Blattaorientalis, Blattellagermanica, Forficulaauricularia, Gryllotalpagryllotalpa, Locustamigratoria, Melanoplusbivittatus, Melanoplus femur-rubrum, Melanoplusmexicanus, Melanoplussanguinipes, Melanoplusspretus, Nomadacrisseptemfasciata, Periplanetaamericana, Schistocercaamericana, Schistocercaperegrina, Stauronotusmaroccanus and Tachycinesasynamorus, Arachnoidea, such as arachnids, e.g. of the families Argasidae, Ixodidae and Sarcoptidae, such as Amblyommaamericanum, Amblyommavariegatum, Argaspersicus, Boophilusannulatus, Boophilusdecoloratus, Boophilusmicroplus, Dermacentorsilvarum, Hyalommatruncatum, Ixodesricinus, Ixodesrubicundus, Ornithodorusmoubata, Otobiusmegnini, Dermanyssusgallinae, Psoroptesovis, Rhipicephalusappendiculatus, Rhipicephalusevertsi, Sarcoptesscabiei, and Eriophyidae spp. such as Aculusschlechtendali, Phyllocoptrataoleivora and Eriophyessheldoni; Tarsonemidae spp. such as Phytonemuspallidus and Polyphagotarsonemuslatus; Tenuipalpidae spp. such as Brevipalpusphoenicis; Tetranychidae spp. such as Tetranychuscinnabarinus, Tetranychuskanzawai, Tetranychuspacificus, Tetranychustelarius and Tetranychusurticae, Panonychusulmi, Panonychuscitri, and oligonychuspratensis; Thrips (Thysanoptera), e.g. Frankliniellafusca, Frankliniellaoccidentalis, Frankliniellaschultzei, Frankliniellatritici, Scirtothripscitri, Thripsoryzae, Thripspalmi and Thripstabaci.

Further as per another embodiment, the formulated pesticidal composition comprising of (A) Carboxin (B) at least one Insecticide (C) at least one fungicide is used to control fungi and insects included as Aphid, Jassid, Thrips, Leaf miner, Mealy bugs, Shootfly, Stem borer, Shoot borer, Termites, Whitegrub.

Further as per another embodiment, the formulated pesticidal composition comprising of (A) Carboxin (B) at least one Insecticide (C) at least one fungicide is used to controls seed and soil born fungal diseases like damping off, root rot, stem rot, pre emergence and post emergence seedling rot and blight caused by Pythium, Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, Sclerotium, Aspergillus, Verticillium, Puccinia, Ustilago, Alternaria, Cercospora fungus.

Further as per another embodiment, the formulated pesticidal composition comprising of (A) Carboxin (B) at least one Insecticide (C) at least one fungicide wherein are suitable targets for seed treatment are various crop seeds, fruit species, vegetables, spices and ornamental seed, for example corn/maize (sweet and field), durum wheat, soybean, wheat, barley, oats, rye, triticale, bananas, rice, cotton, sunflower, potatoes, pasture, alfalfa, grasses, turf, sorghum, rapeseed, Brassica spp., sugar beet, egg-plants, tomato, lettuce, iceberg lettuce, pepper, cucumber, squash, melon, bean, dry-beans, peas, leek, garlic, onion, cabbage, carrot, tuber such as sugar cane, tobacco, coffee, turf and forage, cruciferous, cucurbits, grapevines, pepper, fodder beet, oil seed rape, pansy, impatiens, petunia and geranium.

The term seed treatment comprises all suitable seed treatment techniques known in the art, such as, but not limited to, seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking, seed film coating, seed multilayer coating, seed encrusting, seed dripping, and seed pelleting.

Further as per another embodiment, the formulated pesticidal composition according to the invention are especially advantageous for seed treatment of oil seed rape, wheat, corn, rye, barley, oats, sorghum, sunflowers, rice, maize, turf and forage, sugar beet, beans, peas, soybeans, ornamentals, and vegetables such as cucurbits, tomatoes, eggplant, potatoes, pepper, lettuce, cabbage, carrots, cruciferous.

Further as per another embodiment, the formulated pesticidal composition comprising of (A) Carboxin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides are present in the pesticidal composition in synergistically effective amounts. The ratio of (A) Carboxin (B) at least one Insecticide (C) at least one fungicide wherein insecticide may be selected from Clothianidin, Imidacloprid, Fipronil and fungicide (s) may be selected from Tebuconazole and Thiram, and the total amount of the mixture, depends on many factors, including the type and the occurrence of the pests to be controlled. For each application, the optimum ratios and total amounts to be employed can in each case be determined by routine experimentation. In one embodiment, the weight percentage of (A) Carboxin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides in the composition is within the range of (A) Carboxin 0.5 to 40%; (B) Insecticides 1 to 80 %; (C) fungicides 0.05 to 40% or any range that is a subset within said range.

As per one embodiment, preferred formulated pesticidal composition is any from but not limiting to Carboxin + Thiram + Clothianidin, Carboxin + Thiram + Fipronil, Carboxin + Tebuconazole + Clothianidin and Carboxin + Tebuconazole + Fipronil. Further most preferred compositions are Carboxin + Thiram + Clothianidin and Carboxin + Tebuconazole + Clothianidin.
As per one embodiment, the formulated pesticidal composition are applied in an amount of from 0.1 ml or g/ha to 2000 ml or g/ha as foliar spray, soil drench, soil broadcast, through drip irrigation.
As per another embodiment the formulated pesticidal composition, are applied in a seeds treated with compositions in an amount varies from 0.1 ml or g to 2000 ml or g per 100 kg seeds or any propagation materials.

A pesticide comprising a synergistic formulated pesticidal composition comprising of (A) Carboxin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides wherein insecticide may be selected from Clothianidin, Imidacloprid, Fipronil and fungicide (s) may be selected from Tebuconazole and Thiram, can be delivered to a locus in a wide variety of manners and in a wide variety of formulations. For example, the pesticidal compounds can be mixed with a liquid carrier to provide a liquid formulation that is delivered to a locus as a liquid, or can be mixed with a solid carrier to provide a solid formulation that is delivered to a locus as a solid. Moreover, a liquid formulation can be delivered by spraying or otherwise applying the formulation to soil, for example before planting of crop seeds, at the same time as planting, after planting but prior to emergence of a seedling, or after emergence of a seedling. A solid formulation also can be delivered to a locus, for example, prior to planting, during planting or after planting. In one embodiment, a formulation can be used to treat seeds or other plant propagation material prior to or at the same time as planting, as discussed further herein below, which results in delivery of the pesticide to a locus at the same time as seed planting.

Further as per one embodiment the treatment of present invention can be advantageous for plant health or health of plant.

The term "health of a plant" or "plant health" is defined as a condition of the plant and/or its products. As a result of the improved health, yield, plant vigor, quality and tolerance to abiotic or biotic stress are increased. Noteworthy, the health of a plant when applying the method according to the invention, is increased independently of the pesticidal properties of the active ingredients used because the increase in health is not based upon the reduced pest pressure but instead on complex physiological and metabolic reactions which result for example in an activation of the plant's own natural defense system. As a result, the health of a plant is increased even in the absence of pest pressure.

Accordingly, in an especially preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the health of a plant is increased both in the presence and absence of biotic or abiotic stress factors.
The above identified indicators for the health condition of a plant may be interdependent or they may result from each other. An increase in plant vigor may for example result in an increased yield and/or tolerance to abiotic or biotic stress. One indicator for the condition of the plant is the yield. "Yield" is to be understood as any plant product of economic value that is produced by the plant such as grains, fruits in the proper sense, vegetables, nuts, grains, seeds, wood (e.g. in the case of silviculture plants) or even flowers (e.g. in the case of gardening plants, ornamentals). The plant products may in addition be further utilized and/or processed after harvesting.

In an especially preferred embodiment of the invention, the yield of the treated plant is increased.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the yield of the plants treated according to the method of the invention, is increased synergistically.

According to the present invention, "increased yield" of a plant, in particular of an agricultural, silvicultural and/or horticultural plant means that the yield of a product of the respective plant is increased by a measurable amount over the yield of the same product of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the mixture according to the invention.
Increased yield can be characterized, among others, by the following improved proper-ties of the plant:
• increased plant weight
• increased plant height
• increased biomass such as higher overall fresh weight (FW)
• increased number of flowers per plant
• higher grain yield
• more tillers or side shoots (branches)
• larger leaves
• increased shoot growth
• increased protein content
• increased oil content
• increased starch content
• increased pigment content
• increased leaf area index

A further indicator for the condition of the plant is the plant vigor. The plant vigor becomes manifest in several aspects such as the general visual appearance.
In another especially preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant vigor of the treated plant is increased. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant vigor of the plants treated according to the method of the invention, is increased synergistically.
Improved plant vigor can be characterized, among others, by the following improved properties of the plant:
• improved vitality of the plant
• improved plant growth
• improved plant development
• improved visual appearance
• improved plant stand (less plant verse/lodging)
• improved emergence
• enhanced root growth and/or more developed root system
• enhanced nodulation, in particular rhizobial nodulation
• bigger leaf blade
• bigger size
• increased plant weight
• increased plant height
• increased tiller number
• increased number of side shoots
• increased number of flowers per plant
• increased shoot growth
• increased root growth (extensive root system)
• increased yield when grown on poor soils or unfavorable climate enhanced photosynthetic activity (e.g. based on increased stomatal conductance and/or increased CO2 assimilation rate)
• increased stomatal conductance
• increased CO2 assimilation rate
• enhanced pigment content (e.g. chlorophyll content)
• earlier flowering
• earlier fruiting
• earlier and improved germination
• earlier grain maturity
• improved self-defence mechanisms
• improved stress tolerance and resistance of the plants against biotic and abiotic stress factors such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects, heat stress, cold stress, drought stress, UV stress and/or salt stress
• less non-productive tillers
• less dead basal leaves
• less input needed (such as fertilizers or water)
• greener leaves
• complete maturation under shortened vegetation periods
• less fertilizers needed
• less seeds needed
• easier harvesting • faster and more uniform ripening
• longer shelf-life
• longer panicles
• delay of senescence
• stronger and/or more productive tillers
• better extractability of ingredients
• improved quality of seeds (for being seeded in the following seasons for seed
• production)
• better nitrogen uptake
• improved reproduction
• reduced production of ethylene and/or the inhibition of its reception by the plant.

Another indicator for the condition of the plant is the "quality" of a plant and/or its products.
In an especially preferred embodiment of the invention, the quality of the treated plant is increased.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the quality of the plants treated according to the method of the invention, is increased synergistically.

According to the present invention, enhanced quality means that certain plant characteristics such as the content or composition of certain ingredients are increased or improved by a measurable or noticeable amount over the same factor of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the mixtures of the present invention. Enhanced quality can be characterized, among others, by following improved properties of the plant or its product:
• increased nutrient content
• increased protein content
• increased content of fatty acids
• increased metabolite content
• increased carotenoid content
• increased sugar content
• increased amount of essential amino acids
• improved nutrient composition
• improved protein composition
• improved composition of fatty acids
• improved metabolite composition
• improved carotenoid composition
• improved sugar composition
• improved amino acids composition
• improved or optimal fruit color • improved leaf color
• higher storage capacity
• higher processability of the harvested products.

Another indicator for the condition of the plant is the plant's tolerance or resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress factors. Biotic and abiotic stress, especially over longer terms, can have harmful effects on plants. Biotic stress is caused by living organisms while abiotic stress is caused for example by environmental extremes. According to the present invention, "enhanced tolerance or resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress factors" means that certain negative factors caused by biotic and/or abiotic stress are diminished in a measurable or noticeable amount as compared to plants exposed to the same conditions, but without being treated with a mixture according to the invention and that the negative effects are not diminished by a direct action of the mixture according to the invention on the stress factors, e.g. by its fungicidal or insecticidal action which directly destroys the microorganisms or pests, but rather by a stimulation of the plants' own defensive reactions against said stress factors.

Accordingly, in one embodiment a formulated pesticidal composition comprises a mixture including a pesticidally effective amount of (A) Carboxin (B) at least one Insecticide (C) at least one fungicide along with at least one agriculturally acceptable adjuvant and/or carrier. A “pesticidally effective amount” is an amount of active ingredient or a combination of active ingredients that is effective to prevent or reduce damage to a plant caused by any pest or to repel, deter or destroy a pest or to cause an adverse effect to an individual insect or an insect population, including, for example, deviations from natural development, killing, regulation, and the like. Suitable adjuvants or carriers should not be phytotoxic to valuable crops, particularly at the concentrations employed in applying the compositions for pest control in the presence of crops, and should not react chemically with pesticidal components of the mixture or other composition ingredients. Such mixtures can be designed for application directly to seeds or to a field locus or can be concentrates or formulations that are normally diluted with additional carriers and/or adjuvants before application as described further herein below. Solid forms of the pesticide can be, for example, dusts, granules, water dispersible granules, or wettable powders. Liquid forms of the pesticide can be, for example, emulsifiable concentrates, solutions, emulsions or suspensions, as discussed further herein below.

Examples of suitable solid carriers include talc, pyrophyllite clay, silica, attapulgus clay, kaolin clay, kieselguhr, chalk, diatomaceous earth, lime, calcium carbonate, bentonite clay, Fuller's earth, cottonseed hulls, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, walnut shell flour, lignin, and the like or mixtures thereof.

Other ingredients, or adjuvants, that are often used in formulated pesticidal composition, and that can be included in various compositions described herein, include, but are not limited to, dispersing agents, wetting agent, antifoam agents, biocide, anti-freezing agent, suspension aid, thickening agents (also referred to as “thickeners”), quick coating agent or sticking agents (also referred to as “stickers” or “binders”),

A dispersing agent is a substance which adsorbs onto the surface of particles and helps to preserve the state of dispersion of the particles and prevents them from re-aggregating. Dispersing agents are added to formulated pesticidal composition to facilitate dispersion and suspension during manufacture, and to ensure the particles re-disperse into water in a spray tank. They are widely used in wettable powders, suspension concentrates and water-dispersible granules. Surfactants that are used as dispersing agents have the ability to adsorb strongly onto a particle surface and provide a charged or steric barrier to re-aggregation of particles. The most commonly used surfactants are anionic, non-ionic, or mixtures of the two types. For wettable powder formulations, the most common dispersing agents are sodium lignosulphonates. For suspension concentrates, very good adsorption and stabilization are obtained using polyelectrolytes, such as sodium naphthalene sulphonateformaldehyde condensates. Tristyrylphenolethoxylate phosphate esters are also used. Non-ionics such as alkylarylethylene oxide condensates and EO-PO block copolymers are sometimes combined with anionics as dispersing agents for suspension concentrates. In recent years, new types of very high molecular weight polymeric surfactants have been developed as dispersing agents. These have very long hydrophobic ‘backbones’ and a large number of ethylene oxide chains forming the ‘teeth’ of a ‘comb’ surfactant. These high molecular weight polymers can give very good long-term stability to suspension concentrates because the hydrophobic backbones have many anchoring points onto the particle surfaces. Examples of dispersing agents used herein include but not limited to sodium lignosulphonates; sodium naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensates; tristyrylphenolethoxylate phosphate esters; aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates; alky ethoxylates; EO-PO block copolymers; and graft copolymers or mixtures thereof.

A wetting agent is a substance that when added to a liquid increases the spreading or penetration power of the liquid by reducing the interfacial tension between the liquid and the surface on which it is spreading. Wetting agents are used for two main functions in formulated pesticidal composition: during processing and manufacture to increase the rate of wetting of powders in water to make concentrates for soluble liquids or suspension concentrates; and during mixing of a product with water in a spray tank or other vessel to reduce the wetting time of wettable powders and to improve the penetration of water into water-dispersible granules. Examples of wetting agents used in wettable powder, suspension concentrate, and water-dispersible granule formulations include but not limited to sodium lauryl sulphate; sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate; alkyl phenol ethoxylates; and aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates or mixtures thereof.

Anti-foam agents, which lower interfacial tension, often causes water-based formulations to foam during mixing operations in production and in application through a spray tank. In order to reduce the tendency to foam, anti-foam agents are often added either during the production stage or before filling into bottles. Generally, there are two types of anti-foam agents, namely silicones and non-silicones. Silicones are usually aqueous emulsions of dimethyl polysiloxane while the non-silicone anti-foam agents are water-insoluble oils, such as octanol and nonanol, or silica. In both cases, the function of the anti-foam agent is to displace the surfactant from the air-water interface.

Biocides / Microorganisms cause spoilage of formulated products. Therefore preservation agents are used to eliminate or reduce their effect. Examples of such agents include, but are not limited to: propionic acid and its sodium salt; sorbic acid and its sodium or potassium salts; benzoic acid and its sodium salt; p-hydroxy benzoic acid sodium salt; methyl p-hydroxy benzoate; and biocide such as sodium benzoate, 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, potassium sorbate, parahydroxy benzoates or mixtures thereof.

Anti-freezing agents may be selected from but not limited to s glycerin, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or mixtures thereof.

Suspension aid in the present description denotes a natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic material with which the active substance is combined in order to facilitate its application to the plant, to the seeds or to the soil. This carrier is hence generally inert, and it must be agriculturally acceptable, in particular to the plant being treated. The carrier may be solid (clays, natural or synthetic silicates, silica, resins, waxes, solid fertilizers, and the like or mixtures thereof) or liquid (water, alcohols, ketones, petroleum fractions, aromatic or paraffinic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, liquefied gases, and the like or mixtures thereof).

Thickeners or gelling agents are used mainly in the formulation of suspension concentrates, emulsions and suspoemulsions to modify the rheology or flow properties of the liquid and to prevent separation and settling of the dispersed particles or droplets. Thickening, gelling, and anti-settling agents generally fall into two categories, namely water-insoluble particulates and water-soluble polymers. It is possible to produce suspension concentrate formulations using clays and silicas. Examples of these types of materials, include, but are limited to, montmorillonite, e.g. bentonite; magnesium aluminum silicate; and attapulgite. Water-soluble polysaccharides have been used as thickening-gelling agents for many years. The types of polysaccharides most commonly used are natural extracts of seeds and seaweeds are synthetic derivatives of cellulose or mixtures thereof. Examples of these types of materials include, but are not limited to, guar gum; locust bean gum; carrageenam; alginates; methyl cellulose; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC); hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) or mixtures thereof. Other types of anti-settling agents are based on modified starches, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene oxide or mixtures thereof. Another good anti-settling agent is xanthan gum.

Quick coating are silicones such as Silicon tri-alkoxylate,dimethicone 350, dimethicone 360, dimethiconecopolyol, cyclomethicone, silicon dioxide, silicone, simethicone, colloidal silicone, poly(dimethylsiloxane/methylvinylsiloxane/methylhydrogensiloxane) dimethylvinyl or dimethylhydroxy or trimethyl end blocked, polydimethylsiloxanes, polydimethylsiloxane oils or polydimethylsiloxane oils modified with ionic or nonionic organic groups, a linear functional polydiorganosiloxane, a linear nonfunctional polydiorganosiloxane, a cyclic polydiorganosiloxane, an alkoxydimethicone, an alkyldimethicone, a phenyldimethicone, a silicone resin and mixtures thereof. More examples are dimethylpolysiloxane, methylphenylpolysiloxanes, cyclic silicones, and amino-, fatty acid-, alcohol-, polyether-, epoxy-fluoro- and/or alkyl-modified silicone compounds, and also polyalkylsiloxanes, polyalkylarylsiloxanes, polyethersiloxanes.

The quick coating agent can be a conventionally available sticker, for example polyesters, polyamides, poly- carbonates, polyurea and polyurethanes, acrylate polymers and copolymers, styrene copolymers, butadiene copolymers, polsaccharides such as starch and cellulose derivatives, vinylalcohol, vinylacetate and vinylpyrrolidone polymers and copolymers, polyethers, epoxy, phenolic and melamine resins, polyolefins and define copolymersand mixtures thereof. Examples of preferred polymers are acrylate polymers such as poly(methacrylate), poly(ethylmethacrylate), poly(methylmethacrylate), acrylate copoylmers and styrene-acrylic copolymers as defined herein below , poly(styrene-co maleic anhydride), cellulosic polymers such as ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetatebutyrate, acetylated mono-, di-, and triglycerides, poly(vinylpyrrolidone), vinyl acetate polymers and copolymers, poly(alkylene glycol), styrene butadiene copolymers, poly(orthoesters), alkyd resins, and mixtures of two or more of these. Polymers that are biodegradable are also useful in the present invention. As used herein, a polymer is biodegradable if is not water soluble, but is degraded over a period of several weeks when placed in an application environment. Examples of biodegradable polymers that are useful in the present method include biodegradable polyesters, starch, polylactic acid -starch blends, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymers, polydioxanone, cellulose esters, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, starch esters, starch ester - aliphatic polyester blends, modified corn starch, polycaprolactone, poly(n-amylmethacrylate), wood rosin, polyan- hydrides, polyvinylalcohol, polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate, biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, and polyhydroxybutyrate or mixtures thereof.

Pesticide compositions can be frequently applied as aqueous suspensions or emulsions prepared from concentrated formulations of such compositions. Such water-soluble, water-suspendable, or emulsifiable formulations are either solids, usually known as wettable powders, or water dispersible granules, or liquids usually known as emulsifiable concentrates, or aqueous suspensions. Wettable powders, which may be compacted to form water dispersible granules, comprise an intimate mixture of the pesticide composition, a carrier, and surfactants. The carrier is usually chosen from among the attapulgite clays, the montmorillonite clays, the diatomaceous earths, or the purified silicates. Effective surfactants, which can comprise from about 0.5% to about 10% of the wettable powder, are found among sulfonatedlignins, condensed naphthalenesulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkyl sulfates, and nonionic surfactants such as ethylene oxide adducts of alkyl phenols.

Emulsifiable concentrates comprise a convenient concentration of a pesticide composition dissolved in a carrier that is either a water miscible solvent or a mixture of water-immiscible organic solvent and emulsifiers. Useful organic solvents include aromatics, especially xylenes and petroleum fractions, especially the high-boiling naphthalenic and olefinic portions of petroleum such as heavy aromatic naphtha. Other organic solvents may also be used, such as the terpenic solvents including rosin derivatives, aliphatic ketones such as cyclohexanone, and complex alcohols such as 2-ethoxyethanol. Suitable emulsifiers for emulsifiable concentrates are chosen from conventional anionic and nonionic surfactants.

Aqueous suspensions comprise suspensions of water-insoluble pesticide compositions dispersed in an aqueous carrier. Suspensions are prepared by finely grinding the pesticide composition and vigorously mixing it into a carrier comprised of water and surfactants. Ingredients, such as inorganic salts and synthetic or natural gums, may also be added, to increase the density and viscosity of the aqueous carrier. It is often most effective to grind and mix the pesticide composition at the same time by preparing the aqueous mixture and homogenizing it in an implement such as a sand mill, ball mill, or piston-type homogenizer.

Pesticide compositions may also be applied as granular formulations that are particularly useful for applications to the soil. Granular formulations include the pesticide composition dispersed in a carrier such as, for example, a carrier that comprises clay or a similar substance. Such formulations are usually prepared by dissolving the pesticide composition in a suitable solvent and applying it to a granular carrier which has been pre-formed to the appropriate particle size, in the range of from about 0.5 to 3 mm. Such formulations may also be formulated by making a dough or paste of the carrier and pesticide composition and crushing and drying to obtain the desired granular particle size.

Dusts including a pesticide composition are prepared by intimately mixing the pesticide composition in powdered form with a suitable dusty agricultural carrier, such as kaolin clay, ground volcanic rock, and the like. Dusts can be applied as a seed dressing or as a foliage application with a dust blower machine.

It is equally practical to apply a pesticide composition in the form of a solution in an appropriate organic solvent, usually petroleum oil, such as the spray oils, which are widely used in agricultural chemistry.

Pesticide compositions can also be applied in the form of an aerosol formulation. In such formulations, the pesticide composition is dissolved or dispersed in a carrier, which is a pressure-generating propellant mixture. The aerosol formulation is packaged in a container from which the mixture is dispensed through an atomizing valve.

Pesticide baits are formed when the pesticide composition is mixed with food or an attractant or both. When the pests eat the bait they also consume the pesticide composition. Baits may take the form of granules, gels, flowable powders, liquids, or solids. They may be used in or around pest harborages.

Fumigants are pesticides that have a relatively high vapor pressure and hence can exist as a gas in sufficient concentrations to kill pests in soil or enclosed spaces. The toxicity of the fumigant is proportional to its concentration and the exposure time. They are characterized by a good capacity for diffusion and act by penetrating the pest's respiratory system or being absorbed through the pest's cuticle. Fumigants are applied to control stored product pests under gas proof sheets, in gas sealed rooms or buildings or in special chambers.

Oil solution concentrates are made by dissolving a pesticide composition in a solvent that will hold the pesticide composition in solution. Oil solutions of a pesticide composition usually provide faster knockdown and kill of pests than other formulations due to the solvents themselves having pesticidal action and the dissolution of the waxy covering of the integument increasing the speed of uptake of the pesticide. Other advantages of oil solutions include better storage stability, better penetration of crevices, and better adhesion to greasy surfaces.

Another embodiment is an oil-in-water emulsion, wherein the emulsion comprises oily globules which are each provided with a lamellar liquid crystal coating and are dispersed in an aqueous phase, wherein each oily globule comprises at least one compound which is agriculturally active, and is individually coated with a monolamellar or oligolamellar layer comprising: (1) at least one non-ionic lipophilic surface-active agent, (2) at least one non-ionic hydrophilic surface-active agent and (3) at least one ionic surface-active agent, wherein the globules having a mean particle diameter of less than 800 nanometers.

The actual amount of a pesticide composition to be applied to loci of pests is not critical and can readily be determined by those skilled in the art. In general, concentrations from about 0.01 grams of pesticide per hectare to about 5000 grams of pesticide per hectare are expected to provide good control.

The locus to which a pesticide is applied can be any locus inhabited by a pest, for example, vegetable crops, fruit and nut trees, grape vines, ornamental plants, domesticated animals, the interior or exterior surfaces of buildings, and the soil around buildings.

Generally, with baits, the baits are placed in the ground where the pests can come into contact with the bait. Baits can also be applied to a surface of a building, (horizontal, vertical, or slant, surface) where, for example, ants, termites, cockroaches, and flies, can come into contact with the bait.

Because of the unique ability of the eggs of some pests to resist pesticides repeated applications may be desirable to control newly emerged larvae.

Systemic movement of pesticides in plants may be utilized to control pests on one portion of the plant by applying the pesticides to a different portion of the plant. For example, control of foliar-feeding insects or stem-feeding insects can be controlled by drip irrigation or furrow application, or by treating the seed before planting. Seed treatment can be applied to all types of seeds, including those from which plants genetically transformed to express specialized traits will germinate. Representative examples include those expressing proteins toxic to invertebrate pests, such as Bacillus thuringiensis or other insecticidal toxins, those expressing herbicide resistance, such as “Roundup Ready” seed, or those with “stacked” foreign genes expressing insecticidal toxins, herbicide resistance, nutrition-enhancement or any other beneficial traits. Furthermore, such seed treatments with the compositions disclosed in this document can further enhance the ability of a plant to better withstand stressful growing conditions. This results in a healthier, more vigorous plant, which can lead to higher yields at harvest time.

The concentration of (A) Carboxin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides in a synergistic composition of one embodiment is wherein (A) Carboxin is from 0.5 to 40% percent by weight wherein (B) Insecticides is from 1 to 80 % by weight and wherein (C) fungicides is from 0.05 to 40% by weight. In another embodiment, the concentration is from 0.01 to 90 percent by weight. In a formulation embodiment designed to be employed as a concentrate, the active ingredients are present in a concentration from 5 to 98 weight percent, preferably 10 to 90 weight percent. Such concentrate formulations are typically diluted with an inert carrier, such as water, before application. In one embodiment, a diluted composition to be applied to a field locus includes from 0.0001 to 1 weight percent active ingredient. In another embodiment, the composition includes from 0.001 to 0.05 weight percent active ingredient.

The present compositions can be applied to a locus by the use of conventional ground or aerial dusters, sprayers, and granule applicators, by addition to irrigation or paddy water, and by other conventional means known to those skilled in the art.

In one aspect the present disclosure, the synergistic mixture comprising of (A) Carboxin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides is delivered to a field locus together with seeds as a seed treatment. As used herein, the term “seed” denotes any resting stage of a plant that is physically detached from the vegetative stage of a plant and/or may be stored for prolonged periods of time and/or can be used to re-grow another plant individual of the same species. The term “resting” refers to a state wherein the plant retains viability, within reasonable limits, in spite of the absence of light, water and/or nutrients essential for the vegetative (i.e. non-seed) state.

When seeds treated with the synergistic mixture are planted, the synergistic mixture protects the plants that grow after germination of the seed from damage by pests, and thus improves the growth characteristics of the plant through improved control of pests. Accordingly, the present disclosure includes a method of protecting plants that grow at a later point in time against damage by pests, which method comprises treating seeds with (A) Carboxin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides, and optionally one or more formulation auxiliaries. In addition to treating seeds, the present disclosure also contemplates the treatment of other plant propagation materials. Thus, the descriptions herein involving seed treatment are also intended to apply equally well to methods, compositions and materials involving the treatment of other plant propagation material with the synergistic combination. The term “plant propagation material” is used herein to refer to all the generative parts of the plant, including seeds, which can be used for the multiplication of the plant and/or vegetative plant material such as cuttings and tubers (for example, potatoes) including, for example, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes and other plant parts.
% of components varies from
(A) (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides
Carboxin Clothianidin, Thiram
Carboxin Imidacloprid, Thiram
Carboxin Fipronil Thiram
Carboxin Clothianidin, Tebuconazole
Carboxin Imidacloprid, Tebuconazole
Carboxin Fipronil Tebuconazole
0.5 to 40% 1 to 80 % 0.05 to 40%

In various embodiments, the seed treatment can be applied as a thin film (such as a dressing) of the formulation including the active ingredient on a seed, where the original size and/or shape of the seed are recognizable; or as a thick film (such as a coating or pelleting) with many layers of the same or different materials where the original shape and/or size of the seed is no longer recognizable.

Even distribution of the active ingredients and adherence thereof to seeds is desired during treatment of the seeds. (A) Carboxin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides combination can be applied to or otherwise used to treat seeds either simultaneously, or sequentially, in any order. Similarly if one or more other active ingredient is included in the composition in addition to a (A) Carboxin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides, then those active ingredients can be applied to or otherwise used to treat seeds either simultaneously, or sequentially, in any order. In one embodiment, (A) Carboxin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides composition are applied simultaneously. In another embodiment, after (A) Carboxin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides composition are applied to a seed, an over-coating that does not include a pesticide is then applied to the treated seed. In this embodiment, the previously treated seed can be enveloped with an over-coating comprising a binder formulation as described herein (i.e., one that does not include a pesticide mixture). (A) Carboxin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides composition may be applied to seeds either in pure form, i.e., as a solid active ingredient, for example, in a specific particle size or, more typically, together in the form of a formulation with at least one of a wide variety of auxiliary ingredients (also referred to as adjuvants).

Each of (A) Carboxin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides can be obtained from a separate formulation source and mixed together, optionally with other pesticides or other auxiliary ingredients, to form the seed treatment composition. Alternatively, (A) Carboxin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides composition can be obtained or provided as a single formulation mixture source and optionally mixed together with other pesticides or other auxiliary ingredients to form a seed treatment composition. Whereas commercial products will preferably be formulated as concentrates (i.e., as a pre-mix composition), the end user will normally employ dilute formulations (i.e., a tank mix composition) for treatment of the seeds. Accordingly, the present disclosure provides in one embodiment a seed treatment composition comprising (A) Carboxin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides, and optionally one or more other pesticides, and optionally one or more other auxiliary ingredients, which composition may be in the form of a tank-mix or pre-mix composition.

Examples of formulation types suitable for tank-mix compositions include solutions, dilute emulsions, suspensions, or a mixture thereof, and dusts. Generally, an aqueous tank-mix is preferred. Examples of seed treatment pre-mix formulations types include wettable powders for seed treatment slurry, solution for seed treatment, emulsions for seed treatment, suspension concentrate for seed treatment, water dispersible granules, and aqueous capsule suspension. The tank-mix compositions are generally prepared by diluting with a solvent (for example, water) the one or more pre-mix compositions including the pesticides, and optionally further auxiliaries.

In an embodiment including a colorant, the colorant can be included in a binder formulation, which can be diluted and mixed with an active component to form a seed treatment composition. Alternatively, a colorant can be mixed with the active component prior to combination with the binder formulation, or can be added to a mixer with the binder formulation and active component as an independent ingredient used to make a seed treatment composition. Of course, in alternative embodiments, the colorant can be omitted entirely. One advantage of having a colorant (also referred to as a “coloring ingredient”), such as a dye or pigment (and the like such as described in the CFR 180.1001) included in the seed treatment composition is so that an observer can immediately determine that the seeds are treated. Another potential advantage is that a color coding system can be employed to convey information regarding the specific type of coating present on a treated seed. A dye can also be useful to indicate to the user the degree of uniformity of the coating applied.

Colorants that can be employed in a seed treatment composition as described herein include a wide variety of dyes and pigments that are conventionally used for such purposes, and that do not interfere with the flowability, dust-off and plantability characteristics of a coated seed made using the formulation. In this context, both pigments, which are sparingly soluble in water, and dyes, which are soluble in water, may be used. Examples of colorants (i.e. dyes and pigments) that can be employed include those known under the names Rhodamin B, C. I. Pigment Red 112 and C. I. Solvent Red 1, Pigment Blue 15:4, Pigment Blue 15:3, Pigment Blue 15:2, Pigment Blue 15:1, Pigment Blue 80, Pigment Yellow 1, Pigment Yellow 13, Pigment Red 48:2, Pigment Red 48:1, Pigment Red 57:1, Pigment Red 53:1, Pigment Orange 43, Pigment Orange 34, Pigment Orange 5, Pigment Green 36, Pigment Green 7, Pigment White 6, Pigment Brown 25, Basic Violet 10, Basic Violet 49, Acid Red 51, Acid Red 52, Acid Red 14, Acid Blue 9, Acid Yellow 23, Basic Red 10, Basic Red 108. In one embodiment, a colorant is used that is also active as repellents for warm-blooded animals. Examples of such colorants include iron oxide, TiO2, Prussian blue, anthraquinone dyes, azo dyes and metal phthalocyanine dyes. This list is provided only to set forth some examples of colorants that can be employed, it being understood that a wide variety of alternative colorants are known and available commercially that can be included as alternatives to, or in addition to, the above, and such are expressly contemplated by the present application.

Buffering agent as used herein is selected from group consisting of calcium hydroxyapatite, Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate, Sodium Hydroxide, carbonated apatite, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphates, carbonated calcium phosphates, amine monomers, lactate dehydrogenase and magnesium hydroxide.

The solvent for the pesticidal composition of the present invention may include water, water-soluble alcohols and dihydroxy alcohol ethers. The water-soluble alcohol which can be used in the present invention may be lower alcohols or water-soluble macromolecular alcohols. The term "lower alcohol", as used herein, represents an alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, etc. Macromolecular alcohol is not limited, as long as it may be dissolved in water in a suitable amount range, e.g., polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, glucitol, etc. The examples of suitable dihydroxy alcohol ethers used in the present invention may be dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ethers or dihydroxyalcohol aryl ethers. The examples of dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ether include ethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, dipropylene glycol ethyl ether, etc. The examples of dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers include ethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether, dipropylene glycol phenyl ether, and the like. Any of the above mentioned solvent can be used either alone or in combination thereof.

In one embodiment, a tank-mix formulation for seed treatment application comprises 0.25 to 80% of the pesticidal mixture and 99.75 to 20% of one or more auxiliary ingredient (including, for example, a solvent such as water). In one embodiment, the one or more auxiliary ingredient comprises a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 40% based on the tank-mix formulation. In another embodiment, a tank-mix formulation for seed treatment application comprises 1 to 75% of the pesticidal mixture and 99 to 25% of one or more auxiliary ingredient (including, for example, a solvent such as water). In another embodiment, the one or more auxiliary ingredient comprises a surfactant in an amount of 0.5 to 30% based on the tank-mix formulation.

In one embodiment, a pre-mix formulation for seed treatment application comprises 0.5 to 99.9% of the pesticidal mixture and 99.5 to 0.1% of one or more auxiliary ingredient (including, for example, a solvent such as water). In one embodiment, the one or more auxiliary ingredient comprises a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 50% based on the pre-mix formulation. In another embodiment, a pre-mix formulation for seed treatment application comprises 1 to 95% of the pesticidal mixture and 99 to 5% of one or more auxiliary ingredient (including, for example, a solvent such as water). In another embodiment, the one or more auxiliary ingredient comprises a surfactant in an amount of 0.5 to 40%, based on the pre-mix formulation. Preferred seed treatment pre-mix formulations are aqueous suspension concentrates.

Although it is believed that the present method can be applied to a seed in any physiological state, it is preferred that the seed be in a sufficiently durable state that it incurs no significant damage during the treatment process. The seed preferably is one that has been harvested from the field; removed from the plant; and separated from any cob, stalk, outer husk, and surrounding pulp or other non-seed plant material. The seed preferably also is biologically stable to the extent that the treatment would cause no biological damage to the seed. It is believed that the treatment can be applied to the seed at any time between harvest of the seed and sowing of the seed or during the sowing process. The seed may also be primed either before or after the treatment. Treatment to an unsown seed is not meant to include those practices in which the pesticide is applied to the soil but would include any application practice that would target the seed during the planting process. In one embodiment, for example, the treatment can be applied to seed that has been harvested, cleaned and dried to a moisture content below about 15% by weight. In an alternative embodiment, the seed can be one that has been dried and then primed with water and/or another material and then re-dried before or during the treatment with a seed treatment composition as described herein. In one embodiment, the seed to be treated is thus substantially dry. “Substantially dry” is used herein to refer to a seed that has a moisture content which results if the seed is allowed to equilibrate in an air atmosphere at 20 to 30°C and 30-90% relative humidity, e.g. at 25° C. and 50% relative humidity.

The weight ratio of (A) Carboxin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides and the amount used on the seeds can vary according to various factors including, for example, the species of the plant whose seeds are being treated (for example, less active ingredients would be expected to be needed to treat sunflower seeds than for alfalfa seeds based on equivalent weight of seeds) and is such that the combinations are an effective amount to provide the desired pesticidal action and can be determined by biology trials. Another factor that would bear on the target weight ratio and amount is the type of propagation material being treated (e.g., seed or tuber). The weight ratio of (A) Carboxin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides in a seed treatment is generally selected to give the desired synergistic action. In one embodiment, the weight ratio of formulation in the seed treatment is within the range of between about (A) Carboxin is from 0.5 to 40% percent by weight wherein (B) Insecticides is from 1 to 80 % by weight and wherein (C) fungicides is from 0.05 to 40% by weight. However, it should be understood that alternative values for the ratio by weight between (A) Carboxin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides are possible.

The exact amount of an active ingredient included in the seed treatment composition can vary depending upon the size and other characteristics (e.g., surface structure, etc.) of the seed to be coated and other considerations. The active component of the seed treatment formulation should not inhibit germination of the seed. The application rates can range, for example, from 0.05 mg to 5 mg of the combined (A) Carboxin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides per seed. In other embodiments, the combined application rate of (A) Carboxin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides for sunflower seeds range from 0.1 mg to 2.5 mg per seed or from 0.2 mg to 1.5 mg per seed.

The SC composition can be prepared by below described method;
STEP-I: Adding anti-microbial agent and gum in water under continuous stirring followed by slow addition. Continuing stirring until homogeneous dispersion is formed.
STEP-II: Mixing anti-freezing agent, dispersant, wetting agent, anti-microbial agent and anti-foaming agent in water for 30 minute until homogeneous solution is formed. Finally add Carboxin and insecticides and fungicides wherein insecticide may be selected from Clothianidin, Imidacloprid, Fipronil and fungicide (s) may be selected from Tebuconazole and Thiram and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient which is added slowly under continuous stirring at 30 minute till homogeneous dispersion is obtained. Milling the slurry through bead mill until required particle size is achieved.
Step-III: Adding rest of water, anti-foaming agent and gum solution under continuous stirring to get desired viscosity of the suspension. Continue stirring for about 4 hr. to obtain homogeneous composition.

Emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulations are a blend of insecticide, organic solvent, and surfactants. When the solution is diluted into water, a spontaneous milky emulsion forms with dispersed phase droplets. When sprayed, this dilute emulsion gives a uniform and accurate application of insecticide on the crop, which is essential for effective pest control. The formulation of the insecticide into an Emulsifiable Concentrate can ensure uniform spreading and wetting under normal spray and weather conditions.

ZC is a mixed formulation of CS and SC and is a stable aqueous suspension of microcapsules and solid fine particles, each of which contains Carboxin and insecticides and fungicides wherein insecticide may be selected from Clothianidin, Imidacloprid, Fiproniland fungicide (s) may be selected from Tebuconazole and Thiram and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. The formulation is intended for dilution into water prior to spray application. Formulating the active ingredients together eliminates the need for tank mixing, which can lead to incompatibility, and facilitates control of a wider range of pests with fewer applications. Like other aqueous liquid formulations, ZC formulations are easy to handle and measure, dust free, non-flammable and offer good miscibility with water. Carboxin and insecticides and fungicides wherein insecticide may be selected from Clothianidin, Imidacloprid, Fiproniland fungicide (s) may be selected from Tebuconazole and Thiram encapsulated for various purposes, such as to increase the residual biological activity, or to reduce the acute toxicity, or to obtain a physical or chemically stable water-based formulation. The purpose determines whether the “free” active ingredient and the “release rate” are relevant properties of a specific product.

The process for preparing the present agrochemical composition can be modified accordingly by any person skilled in the art based on the knowledge of the manufacturing the composition. However all such variation and modification is still covered by the scope of present invention.

EXAMPLES
Example 1: Carboxin+Fungicide+Insecticide FS (Flowable Suspension)
Composition %
Carboxin 0.5 to 40.0
Fungicide 0.05 to 40.0
Insecticide 1 to 80.0
Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohol 3.50
Nonionic polyalkylene glycol ether 2.00
Acrylic graft copolymer 3.00
Alkylated naphtalene sulfonate, sodium salt 0.50
Bentonite Clay 0.50
Silicone antifoam 0.30
Benzisothiazoline 0.05
Glycol 8.00
Polysaccharides 0.15
Mono azo dye 2.00
D.M. Water qs
TOTAL 100.00

Procedure:
Step 1 Gum Solution should be made 12-18 hour prior to use. Take required quantity of water, biocide, and defoamer and homogenize, then slowly add gum powder to it and stir till complete dissolution.
Step 2 Charge required quantity of DM water need to be taken in designated vessel for Flowable concentrate/ Suspension concentrate/ Flowable slurry production.
Step 3 Add required quantity of Wetting agent, dispersing agent & suspending agents, colourant dye and homogenize the contents for 45 – 60 minutes using high shear homogenizer.
Step 4 Then add technical and other remaining adjuvants excluding ‘antifreeze & thickeners’ are added to it and homogenized to get uniform slurry ready for grinding.
Step 5 Before grinding half the quantity of antifoam was added and then material was subjected to three cycles of grinding in Dyno mill.
Step 6 Half quantity of the antifoam was added along with antifreeze after grinding process completes and before sampling for in process analysis.
Step 7 Finally add gum solution to this formulation and send to QC for quality check

Example 2: Carboxin+Fungicide+Insecticide SC (Suspension Concentrate)
Composition %
Carboxin 0.5 to 40.0
Fungicide 0.05 to 40.0
Insecticide 1 to 80.0
Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohol 3.50
Nonionic polyalkylene glycol ether 2.00
Acrylic graft copolymer 3.00
Alkylated naphtalene sulfonate, sodium salt 0.50
Bentonite Clay 0.50
Silicone antifoam 0.30
Benzisothiazoline 0.05
Glycol 5.00
Polysaccharides 0.15
D.M. Water qs
TOTAL 100.00

Procedure:
Step 1 Gum Solution should be made 12-18 hour prior to use. Take required quantity of water, biocide, and defoamer and homogenize, then slowly add gum powder to it and stir till complete dissolution.
Step 2 Charge required quantity of DM water need to be taken in designated vessel for Flowable concentrate/ Suspension concentrate/ Flowable slurry production.
Step 3 Add required quantity of Wetting agent, dispersing agent & suspending agents, colourant/deye and homogenize the contents for 45 – 60 minutes using high shear homogenizer.
Step 4 Then add technical and other remaining adjuvants excluding ‘antifreeze & thickeners’ are added to it and homogenized to get uniform slurry ready for grinding.
Step 5 Before grinding half the quantity of antifoam was added and then material was subjected to three cycles of grinding in Dyno mill.
Step 6 Half quantity of the antifoam was added along with antifreeze after grinding process completes and before sampling for in process analysis.
Step 7 Finally add gum solution to this formulation and send to QC for quality check

Example 3: Carboxin+Fungicide+Insecticide WG (Water Dispersible Granules)
Composition %
Carboxin 0.5 to 40.0
Fungicide 0.05 to 40.0
Insecticide 1 to 80.0
Alkylated naphtalene sulfonate, sodium salt 3.00
Sodium Polycarboxylate 5.00
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 2.00
Silicone antifoam 0.30
Lactose anhydrous 5.00
Sodium Sulfate Anhydrous 3.00
China Clay q.s.
TOTAL 100.00

Procedure:
Step 1 Charge the required quantity of filler, wetting agent, dispersing agent, and suspending agent, & technical in premixing blender for homogenization for 30 minutes.
Step 2 Pre-blended material is than grinded through Jet mill/ air classifier mills. Finely grinded material is blended in post blender till it becomes homogeneous. (for approx 1.5 hr)
Step 3 Homogeneous material is analysed. After getting approval from QC dept. material is unloaded into 25 kg. HDPE bag with LDPE liner inside.
Step 4 Finely grinded powder is mixer with required quantity of water to form extrudable dough.
Step 5 Dough is passed through extruder to get granules of required size.
Step 6 Wet granules are passed through Fluidised bed drier and further graded using vibrating screens.
Step 7 Final product is sent for QC approval.
Step 8 After approval material is packed in required pack sizes.

Example 4: Carboxin+Fungicide+Insecticide WP (Wettable Powder)
Composition %
Carboxin 0.5 to 40.0
Fungicide 0.05 to 40.0
Insecticide 1 to 80
Alkylated naphtalene sulfonate, sodium salt 3.00
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 5.00
Silicone antifoam 2.00
Silica 5.00
Sodium Sulfate Anhydrous 5.00
China Clay qs
TOTAL 100.00

Procedure:
Step 1 Charge the required quantity of filler, wetting agent, dispersing agent, and suspending agent, & technical in premixing blender for homogenization for 30 minutes.
Step 2 Pre-blended material is than grinded through Jet mill/ air classifier mills. Finely grinded material is blended in post blender till it becomes homogeneous. (for approx 1.5 hr)
Step 3 Homogeneous material is analyzed. After getting approval from QC dept. material is unloaded into 25 kg. HDPE bag with LDPE liner inside.

Example 5: Storage stability data

5.1: Storage stability Study-Carboxin 11.5%+Fungicide 11.5% + Insecticide 16% FS (Flowable Suspension)
Specification Initial Heat stability study at 54 + 2 0C for 14 days Cold storage stability at 0 + 2 0C for 14 days
Parameters In House
Description coloured liquid Complies Complies Complies
Fungicide Content 10.925-12.075 11.9 11.6 11.85
Insecticide content 15.20-16.80 16.5 16.3 16.5
Carboxin Content 10.925-12.075 11.9 11.6 11.85
Carboxin Suspensibility Mini 80% 99 98 99
Insecticide suspensibility Mini 80% 99 98 99
Fungicide Suspensibility Mini 80% 98 98 99
pH 5.0-9.0 6.5 6.5 6.5
Particle size D50 <3, D90 <10 2.5, 8 2.5, 8 2.9, 8.9
Pourability 95 % min 97 96 97
Specific gravity 1.05 – 1.15 1.1 1.1 1.1
Viscosity 350 -900 cps 500 510 530

Room temperature storage data

Specification Study Duration
Parameters In House 1 month 6 month 12 months 24 months
Description coloured liquid Complies Complies Complies Complies
Fungicide Content 10.925-12.075 11.9 11.9 11.8 11.6
Insecticide content 15.20-16.80 16.5 16.5 16.4 16.3
Carboxin Content 10.925-12.075 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.6
Carboxin Suspensibility Mini 80% 99 98 98 98
Insecticide suspensibility Mini 80% 99 99 99 98
Fungicide Suspensibility Mini 80% 98 98 98 98
pH 5.0-9.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
Particle size D50 <3, D90 <10 2.5, 8 2.5, 8 2.5, 8 2.5, 8
Pourability 95 % min 97 97 97 96
Specific gravity 1.05 – 1.15 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Viscosity 350 -900 cps 500 500 500 510

5.2: Storage stability Study-Carboxin 23%+Fungicide 23%+Insecticide 32% WG (Water Dispersible Granules)
Specification Initial Heat stability study at 54 + 2 0C for 14 days Cold storage stability at 0 + 2 0C for 14 days
Parameters In House
Description Beige coloured granules Complies Complies Complies
Fungicide Content 21.85-24.15 23.5 23.3 23.5
Insecticide content 30.40-33.60 32.5 32.3 32.45
Carboxin Content 21.85-24.15 23.5 23.3 23.5
Carboxin Suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
Insecticide suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
Fungicide Suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 99.6 99.5
Bulk Density 0.45-0.85 0.5 0.5 0.5
Moisture Content Max 2.0% 1.5 1.5 1.5

Room Temperature storage data

Specification Study Duration
Parameters In House 1 month 6 month 12 months 24 months
Description Beige coloured granules Complies Complies Complies Complies
Fungicide Content 21.85-24.15 23.5 23.5 23.45 23.3
Insecticide content 30.40-33.60 32.5 32.5 32.5 32.3
Carboxin Content 21.85-24.15 23.5 23.5 23.5 23.3
Carboxin Suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
Insecticide suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
Fungicide Suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 99.6 99.6 99.6
Bulk Density 0.45-0.85 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Moisture Content Max 2.0% 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

5.3: Storage stability Study-Carboxin 23%+Fungicide 23%+Insecticide 32% WP (Wettable powder)
Parameters Specification
In House Initial Heat stability study at 54 + 2 0C for 14 days Cold storage stability at 0 + 2 0C for 14 days
Description Off-white powder Complies Complies Complies
Fungicide Content 21.85-24.15 23.5 23.3 23.5
Insecticidel content 30.40-33.60 32.5 32.3 32.45
Carboxin Content 21.85-24.15 23.5 23.3 23.5
Carboxin Suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
Insecticide suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
Fungicide Suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 99.6 99.5
Bulk Density 0.20-0.25 0.2 0.2 0.2

Room temperature storage data

Specification Study Duration
Parameters In House 1 month 6 month 12 months 24 months
Description Beige coloured granules Complies Complies Complies Complies
Fungicide Content 21.85-24.15 23.5 23.5 23.45 23.3
Insecticide content 30.40-33.60 32.5 32.5 32.5 32.3
Carboxin Content 21.85-24.15 23.5 23.5 23.5 23.3
Carboxin Suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
Insecticide suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
Fungicide Suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 99.6 99.6 99.6
Bulk Density 0.20-0.25 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Example 6: Bio efficacy trial

Bioefficacy studies were carried out in different crops. Various formulations containing mixtures of Carboxin, one fungicide (Tebuconazole or Thiram) and one insecticide (Imidaclorprid, Clothianidin or Fipronil) were developed and evaluated for their efficacy against insect-pest and diseases, effect on growth and vigor of plants, germinations, impact on yield and yield attributing characters.

Table : 1 Sample Compositions
Sr.No. Compositions
Sample 1 Carboxin 20%+Tebuconazole 0.5%+Imidacloprid 20% FS
Sample 2 Carboxin 20%+Tebuconazole 0.5%+Clothianidin 20% FS
Sample 3 Carboxin 20%+Tebuconazole 0.5%+Fipronil 20% FS
Sample 4 Carboxin 11.5%+Thiram 11.5%+Imidacloprid 16% FS
Sample 5 Carboxin 11.5%+Thiram 11.5%+Clothianidin 16% FS
Sample 6 Carboxin 11.5%+Thiram 11.5%+Fipronil 16% FS
Sample 7 Carboxin 20%+Tebuconazole 0.5% FS
Sample 8 Tebuconazole 0.5%+Imidacloprid 20% FS
Sample 9 Tebuconazole 0.5%+Clothianidin 20% FS
Sample 10 Tebuconazole 0.5%+Fipronil 20% FS
Sample 11 Carboxin 11.5%+Thiram 11.5% FS
Sample 12 Thiram 11.5%+Imidacloprid 16% FS
Sample 13 Thiram 11.5%+Clothianidin 16% FS
Sample 14 Thiram 11.5%+Fipronil 16% FS
Sample 15 Carboxin 20%+Imidacloprid 20% FS
Sample 16 Carboxin 20%+Clothianidin 20% FS
Sample 17 Carboxin 20%+Fipronil 20% FS
Sample 18 Carboxin 20% FS
Sample 19 Tebuconazole 0.5% FS
Sample 20 Thiram 11.5% FS
Sample 21 Imidacloprid 20% FS
Sample 22 Clothianidin 20% FS
Sample 23 Fipronil 20% FS
Sample 24 Untreated Check
FS – Flowable Suspsension

Trial 1 : Effect of seed treatment on Groundnut germinations and diseases and insects incidence
The seed of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) variety GG-2 were treated with various samples and 100 numbers of treated seeds were sown in each pot. Each pot represents one replication; such 4 replications per samples were taken. The pot soil was sick with Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii. The seeds were also inoculated with Aspergillus niger culture before sowing. The laboratory reared culture of insects, Termite and White grub were releases artificially and allowed to build up before taking the pot experiment. Regular watering was done. The observations on seed germination were recorded at 15 days after sowing. The pre emergence and post emergence damping off and insects damage data were recorded and represented in the below table.

Table 2 : Effect of Groundnut seed treatment on germination, soil borne diseases and insect incidence

Sr. No. Formulation Dose per 10 kg seed gram active ingredient per 10 kg seed Germination (%) Pre and Post Emergence damping off* (%) Insect Damage ** (%)
Sample 1 80 16+0.4+16 92.60 0 0.0
Sample 2 80 16+0.4+16 93.00 0 0.0
Sample 3 80 16+0.4+16 92.00 1.20 0.0
Sample 4 100 11.5+11.5+16 92.80 0 0.0
Sample 5 100 11.5+11.5+16 93.20 0 0.0
Sample 6 100 11.5+11.5+16 92.20 0.80 0.0
Sample 7 80 16+0.4 68.60 9.56 6.26
Sample 8 80 0.4+16 77.60 10.72 1.58
Sample 9 80 0.4+16 77.80 10.66 1.42
Sample 10 80 0.4+16 77.20 12.28 2.10
Sample 11 100 11.5+11.5 72.20 7.24 6.54
Sample 12 100 11.5+16 75.00 16.82 1.68
Sample 13 100 11.5+16 75.20 14.82 1.56
Sample 14 100 11.5+16 74.80 17.64 2.28
Sample 15 80 16+16 79.20 8.64 1.82
Sample 16 80 16+16 81.40 8.60 1.62
Sample 17 80 16+16 78.40 9.82 2.36
Sample 18 80 16 66.60 18.16 6.82
Sample 19 80 0.40 65.40 19.62 7.10
Sample 20 100 11.5 63.20 20.64 7.44
Sample 21 80 16 65.00 24.60 2.26
Sample 22 80 16 65.20 23.56 1.82
Sample 23 80 16 64.80 25.80 2.58
Sample 24 0 0 57.40 30.24 9.62
*Pre emergence and Post emergence damping off caused by Apergillus niger, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii.
**Insect damage includes damage by Termite species includes Microtermes spp. And Odontotermes spp., Whitegrub includes Holotrichia consanguinea, Holotrichia serrata

The results of pot experimental data reveal that the sample 1 to 6 gives higher germinations percentage compared to sample 7 to 24. Early germination was also observed where Groundnut seeds treated with sample 1 to 6. The seed treatment with sample 1 to 6 also provides excellent control of pre emergence and post emergence damping off disease complex caused by Aspergillus niger, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii. The insect damage by termite and whitegrub was not observed in seed treatment with sample 1 to 6.

Table 3 : Influence of seed primers on growth, vigor and yield parameters of groundnut
Sr.No. Formulation Dose per 10 kg seed gram active ingredient per 10 kg seed Plant height (cm) Root Length (cm) No. of Pods per Plant
Sample 1 80 16+0.4+16 44.6 15.6 32.8
Sample 2 80 16+0.4+16 46.8 16.2 32.6
Sample 3 80 16+0.4+16 43.6 15.2 31.0
Sample 4 100 11.5+11.5+16 43.6 16.0 33.0
Sample 5 100 11.5+11.5+16 44.8 16.2 33.2
Sample 6 100 11.5+11.5+16 45.4 15.8 32.8
Sample 7 80 16+0.4 37.6 10.0 22.6
Sample 8 80 0.4+16 39.0 11.6 24.4
Sample 9 80 0.4+16 38.8 12.0 24.8
Sample 10 80 0.4+16 38.2 11.4 24.0
Sample 11 100 11.5+11.5 34.2 10.2 22.2
Sample 12 100 11.5+16 36.4 11.2 23.2
Sample 13 100 11.5+16 37.4 11.6 23.6
Sample 14 100 11.5+16 35.8 10.8 23.0
Sample 15 80 16+16 39.4 12.0 25.8
Sample 16 80 16+16 39.8 12.6 26.2
Sample 17 80 16+16 39.2 11.8 25.2
Sample 18 80 16 28.4 9.6 17.6
Sample 19 80 0.40 27.6 9.2 17.2
Sample 20 100 11.5 25.2 8.6 16.4
Sample 21 80 16 30.6 9.6 19.4
Sample 22 80 16 31.2 9.8 19.8
Sample 23 80 16 29.6 9.4 18.8
Sample 24 0 0 20.8 7.2 13.8

The observations on plant vigor like root length, shoot length and yield enhancing characters like number of pods per plant were also recorded from pot experiment. Groundnut seeds treated with sample 1 to 6 shows more root length and shoot length as compared to seeds treated with sample 7 to 24. The seeds treated with sample 1 to 6 also bear more number of Groundnut pods compared to other samples, and this helps in higher seed production of Groundnut.

Trial 2 : Effect of seed treatment on Maize
Another experiment was conducted on Maize (Zea mays) to study the synergism between Carboxin, Thiram and Clothianidin. The treated seed were sown in the plot. 100 seeds were sown per pot and 4 replications per treatment. The observations on seed germination were recorded after two weeks.

The synergistic pesticidal action of the inventive mixtures calculated as follows:
E = [A + B + C]- [{AB}+{BC}+{AC}] / 100 + [ {ABC}/10000]
in which, E = Expected percentage of Insecticidal or fungicidal control for the combination of three active ingredient, A is the percentage of insecticidal or fungicidal control observed by active ingredient I at defined dose, B is the percentage of insecticidal or fungicidal control observed by Active Ingredient II at defined dose, C is the percentage of insecticidal or fungicidal control observed by Active Ingredient III at defined dose. When the percentage of insecticidal or fungicidal control observed for the combination is greater than the expected percentage, there is a synergistic effect. (Ratio of O/E > 1, means synergism observed.).

Table 4 : Effect of seed treatment on Maize, shootfly control

Treatments % Shootfly control
Observed Value Expected Value Ratio O/E
Carboxin 11.5%+Thiram 11.5%+Clothianidin 16% FS, 25 ml/kg seed 100 79.57 1.26
Carboxin 11.5%+Thiram 11.5% FS, 25ml/kg seed 20 24.35 0.82
Carboxin 11.5%+Clothianidin 16% FS, 25 ml/kg seed 74 75.97 0.97
Thiram 11.5%+Clothianidin 16% FS, 25 ml/kg seed 71 77.05 0.92
Carboxin 11.5% FS, 25 ml/kg seed 11 - -
Thiram 11.5% FS, 25 ml/kg seed 15 - -
Clothianidin 16% FS, 25 ml/kg seed 73 - -

The observations on shootfly incidence show that synergistic activity was observed between Carboxin, Thiram and Clothianidin. This inventive mixture provides good control of shootfly in Maize.

Trial 3 : Effect of fungicide on mycelial growth of Sclerotium rolfsii and Aspergillus niger
In this study, Sclerotium rolfsii and Aspergillus niger was isolated from naturally infected peanut plants. The effect of concentration of Carboxin 25 ppm, Thiram 25 ppm and Clothianidin 30 ppm were examined on PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar). For this purpose, the required concentration of mixtures were included in PDA in 10 cm diameter Petri dishes and 5 mm of mycelial discs of freshly cultured S. rolfsii and A. niger maintained for 4 to 5 days on PDA were added into those Petri dishes. Control Petri dishes had no fungicides. Experiments were designed as a completely randomized design with four replications and thee in each.

Table 5 : Effect on mycelia growth of Sclerotium rolfsii and Aspergillus niger in In Vitro condition.

Concentrations Sclerotium rolfsii Aspergillus niger
Mycelial growth (mm) % Inhibition over control Mycelial growth (mm) % Inhibition over control
Carboxin 25ppm + Thiram 25ppm + Clothianidin 30ppm 0 100 2 97
Carboxin 25ppm + Thiram 25ppm 44 52 34 49
Carboxin 25ppm + Clothianidin 30ppm 47 49 39 42
Thiram 25ppm + Clothianidin 30ppm 57 38 46 31
Carboxin 25ppm 56 39 41 39
Thiram 25ppm 68 26 48 28
Clothianidin 30ppm 74 20 57 15
Untreated 92 0 67 0

Table 6 : Synergistic activity of Caboxin, Thiram and Clothianidin
Concentrations Synergism in fungicidal activity
Sclerotium rolfsii Aspergillus niger
Obs. Value Cal. Value Ratio Obs. Value Cal. Value Ratio
Carboxin 25ppm + Thiram 25ppm + Clothianidin 30ppm 100 63.81 1.57 97 62.70 1.55
Carboxin 25ppm + Thiram 25ppm 52 55.01 0.95 49 56.16 0.88
Carboxin 25ppm + Clothianidin 30ppm 49 51.04 0.96 42 47.94 0.87
Thiram 25ppm + Clothianidin 30ppm 38 40.55 0.94 31 39.05 0.80
Carboxin 25ppm 39 - - 39 - -
Thiram 25ppm 26 - - 28 - -
Clothianidin 30ppm 20 - - 15 - -

The data on mycelia growth of S. rolfsii and A. niger in In Vitro condition suggests that mixture of Carboxin 25 ppm, Thiram 25 ppm and Clothianidin 30 ppm shows good synergism between them.

,CLAIMS:We claim;

[Claim1]. A formulated pesticidal composition comprises of (A) Carboxin (B) at least one insecticide (C) at least one fungicide and one or more customary formulation adjuvants.

[Claim2]. The formulated pesticidal composition according to claim 1 comprises 0.5 to 40% of Carboxin (B) 1 to 80% of Insecticide and (C) 0.05 to 40% of fungicide.

[Claim3]. The formulated pesticidal composition of claim 2 comprising of (A) Carboxin (B) at least one insecticides (C) at least one fungicides wherein insecticide may be selected from Clothianidin, Imidacloprid, Fipronil and fungicide (s) may be selected from Tebuconazole and Thiram.

[Claim4]. The formulated pesticidal composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein inactive excipients can be selected from the group consisting of dispersant, anti-freezing agent, anti-foam agent, wetting agent, suspension aid, anti-microbial agent, thickener, quick coating agent or sticking agents and buffering agent.

[Claim5]. The formulated pesticidal composition according to claim 4 is selected from Flowable Slurry (FS), Flowable Suspension(FS), Suspension Concentrate (SC),Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible granules (WDG) and Wettable powders (WP).

[Claim6]. The formulated composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the said composition is used for control fungi and insects in Cotton (Gossypium spp.), Wheat (Triticum aestavum), Maize (Zea mays), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), Rice (Oryza sativa), Soybean (Glycin max), Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Mustard (Brassica juncea), Rape seed (Brassica napus), Castor (Ricinus communis), Green gram (Vigna radiate), Black gram (Vigna mungo), Chickpea (Cicer aritinum), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Redgram (Cajanus cajan), Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Indian bean (Lablab purpureus), Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), Field pea (Pisum sativum), Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), Lentils (Lens culinaris), Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) , and GMO derivatives thereof.

[Claim7]. The formulated pesticidal composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the said composition is used for seed treatment and control fungi and insects in Groundut, Soybean, Chickpea, Green gram, Black gram, Lentils, Cotton, Okra.

[Claim8]. The formulated pesticidal composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the said composition is used for seed treatment and control fungi and insects in Wheat, Rice, Maize, Pearlmillet, Sorghum.

[Claim9]. The formulated pesticidal composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the said composition is used to control fungi and insects included as Aphid, Jassid, Thrips, Leaf miner, Mealy bugs, Shootfly, Stem borer, Shoot borer, Termites, Whitegrub.

[Claim10]. The formulated pesticidal composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the said composition is used to controls seed and soil born fungal diseases like damping off, root rot, stem rot, pre emergence and post emergence seedling rot and blight caused by Pythium, Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, Sclerotium, Aspergillus, Verticillium, Puccinia, Ustilago, Alternaria, Cercospora fungus.

[Claim11]. The formulated pesticidal composition according to any of the preceding claim, wherein the use of said formulation exhibits improvement in plant health, vigor and yield.