DESC:
FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 OF 1970)
&
The Patents Rules, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10; rule 13)

1. Title of the invention –PESTICIDAL COMPOSITIONS OF DIAFENTHIURON, PYRIPROXYFENAND INSECTICIDES

2. Applicant(s)

(a) NAME: GSP CROP SCIENCE PVT. LTD

(b) NATIONALITY: An Indian Company

(c) ADDRESS: 404, Lalita Complex, 352/3 Rasala Road, Navrangpura,
Ahmedabad-380009, Gujarat, India

3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION

he following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION:

The present invention relates to pesticidal compositioncomprising of Diafenthiuron, Pyriproxyfen andat least one insecticide. The present invention also relates to the method of preparing the said composition, comprising of Diafenthiuron,Pyriproxyfen andat least one insecticide,wherein insecticide may be selected fromAcetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Fipronil, Flonicamid, Spirotetramat and Tolfenpyrad.The present invention also provides a method of controlling or preventing pathogenic damage or pest damage in a plant propagation material, a plant, parts of a plant and/or plant organs that grow at a later point in time with the use of present pesticidal composition.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Pesticides are chemicals that may be used to kill fungus, bacteria, insects, plant diseases, snails, slugs, or weeds among others. These chemicals can work by ingestion or by touch and death may occur immediately or over a long period of time. Insecticides are a type of pesticide that is used to specifically target and kill insects. Some insecticides include snail bait, ant killer, and wasp killer.
Insecticides are chemicals used to control insects by killing them or preventing them from engaging in behaviors deemed undesirable or destructive. They are classified based on their structure and mode of action. Many insecticides act upon the nervous system of the insect (e.g., Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition) while others act as growth regulators or endotoxins.

Insecticides are agents of chemical or biological origin that control insects. Control may result from killing the insect or otherwise preventing it from engaging in behaviors deemed destructive. Insecticides may be natural or manmade and are applied to target pests in a myriad of formulations and delivery systems. The science of biotechnology has, in recent years, even incorporated bacterial genes coding for insecticidal proteins into various crop plants that deal death to unsuspecting pests that feed on them.

Insecticides can be classified by many ways based on their function, chemical class, mechanism of action etc. Insecticides can be classified as systemic insecticides, contact insecticides, natural insecticides, plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs), inorganic insecticide and organic insecticide.

The mode of action describes how the pesticide kills or inactivates a pest. It provides another way of classifying insecticides. Mode of action is important in understanding whether an insecticide will be toxic to unrelated species, such as fish, birds and mammals.

Insecticide or pesticides are used widely and very frequently in commercial agriculture and have enabled an enormous increase in crop yields and product quality which ultimately increased the ease to farmers in term of economic advantage as well as ease of farming activities.
An insecticide is a substance used to kill insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used against insect eggs and larvae, respectively. Insecticides are used in agriculture, medicine, industry and by consumers.
Diafenthiuron is known as N-[2,6-Bis(1-methylethyl)-4-phenoxyphenyl]-N¢-(1,1-dimethylethyl)thiourea, or1-tert-butyl-3-(2,6-diisopropyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)thiourea), having molecular formula C23H32N2OSis a chemical compound from the group of thioureas.The chemical structure of difenthiuron is as below,

Diafenthiuron is a colorless solid, which is insoluble in water. Diafenthiuron is used as acaricide and its effect is based on the inhibition of ATP synthesis.The acaracidal activity of the compounds of formula I also extends to both plant-destructive acarids (mites e.g. of the families Tetranychidae, Tarsonemidae, Eriophydae, Tyroglyphidae livestock.

US 4939257 A, FR 2465720 discloses the product patent of diafenthiuron. It claims compound of the formula ##STR25## wherein each of R1, R2 and R3 is hydrogen, halogen, C1 -C4 -alkyl, C1 -C4 -alkoxy, trifluoromethyl or nitro; each of R4 and R5 is isopropyl, isobutyl, or tertiary butyl; R7 is propyl or butyl; and R8 is hydrogen.

Diafenthiuron is commonly used as insecticide and acaricide effective against phytophagous mites (tetranychidae, tarsonemidae), aleyrodidae, aphididae and jassidae on cotton, various field and fruit crops, ornamentals and vegetables. Diafenthiuron also controls some leaf-feeding pests in cole crops (Plutellaxylostella), soya beans (Anticarsiagemmatalis) and cotton (Alabama argillacea). Diafenthiuron is marketed under the brand name of Pegasus and polo.

Pyriproxyfen, is chemically known as 4-phenoxyphenyl (RS)-2-(2-pyridyloxy)propyl ether 2-[1-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)propan-2-yloxy]pyridine having molecular formula C20H19NO3is a pyridine-based pesticide chemical compound effective against a variety of arthropoda. The chemical structure is as below,

Pyriproxyfen is a juvenile hormone analog, preventing larvae from developing into adulthood and thus rendering them unable to reproduce.It was introduced to the US in 1996, to protect cotton crops against whitefly. It has also been found useful for protecting other crops. It is also used for prevention for fleas on household pets.

GB 2140010, US 4751225 discloses product patent of pyriproxyfen. It claims A nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound of the formula: ##STR171## wherein R7 and R8 are each a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom and l is an integer of 0 to 3; R2 and R3 are, the same or different, each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a methyl group; R4 is a halogen atom or a methyl group; R5 and R6 are, the same or different, each a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; Y and Z are, the same or different, each an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a methylene group; X is either an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; and m is an integer of 0 to 1.
The main concern with the use of insecticide is the development of resistance by the insects for that particular insecticide and at the end one has to apply more concentrated formulation of the insecticide. The high amount of insecticide may results in the toxicity to human beings as well as has bad effect on environment.
Previously people have tried many alternatives and option to overcome this problem and as a result developed poly mixture of insecticide, use of non-toxic ingredients and developing novel formulations which provides effective amount of the insecticide and at the required part only. However the use of poly mixture containing large number of insecticide poses a problem in many was like preparing formulation of multiple insecticides with different chemical properties and behavior and physical properties. It also creates challenge for the formulator in term of compatibility and stability of all the insecticides along with the used excipients in the formulation.
CN 102113512 B discloses insecticidal acaricidal compositions containing profenofos and diafenthiuron by active ingredient profenofos and diafenthiuron composition.

CN 103719139 A discloses insecticide composition containing dinotefuran and diafenthiuron. The effective component of the insecticide composition is a duality compound of dinotefuran and diafenthiuron.

US 8795700 B2 discloses pesticidal compositions comprising pyriproxyfen and methyl esters of C16-C18 fatty acids and having low volatile organic compound (VOC).
CN 102986719 B discloses invention containing bifenthrin and pyriproxyfen which relates to pesticidal compositions and their use comprising bifenthrin (Bifenthrin) and pyriproxyfen (Pyriproxyfen) as an active ingredient a pesticidal composition.

However, the biological properties of these mixtures of known compounds are not completely satisfactory in the field of pest control.

In general use, the pesticide actives are used in the form of a dilute aqueous composition because it can attain a good interaction with the target organism, such as plants, fungi and insects. However, most active pesticide compounds that are used as pesticides are only sparingly or even insoluble in water. The low solubility of such compounds present the challenges and difficulties to formulator in formulating pesticide compounds in stable formulations that can be easily stored for a long time and which still have a high stability and effective activity until end use.

For the reasons mentioned above there does a need to provide further formulation of combinations comprising Diafenthiuron, Pyriproxyfen and at least one Insecticide having synergistic pest control properties. This object is achieved according to the invention by providing the present formulation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a pesticidal composition comprising (A) Diafenthiuron (B) Pyriproxyfen (C) at least one insecticide selected from group Acetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Fipronil, Flonicamid, Spirotetramat and Tolfenpyrad and one or more customary formulation adjuvants.

Accordingly, in a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of controlling or preventing pathogenic damage or pest damage in a plant propagation material, a plant, parts of a plant and/or plant organs that grow at a later point in time, which comprises applying on the plant propagation material a composition comprising a formulated mixture defined in the first aspect.

According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a composition comprising (A) Diafenthiuron, 0.1 to 40%;(B) Pyriproxyfen0.1 to 30 %; (C) Insecticide0.1 to 20% by weight and atleast one or more adjuvants.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides synergistic insecticidal compositionscomprising (A) Diafenthiuron (B) Pyriproxyfen (C) at least one insecticide selected from group Acetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Fipronil, Flonicamid, Spirotetramat and Tolfenpyrad with at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

The term “pesticide” or “pesticidal” is similar to “insecticide” or “insecticidal” and used interchangeably in this whole specification.

Synergism is the cooperative action encountered in combinations of two or more biologically active compounds in which the combined activity of the two compounds exceeds the sum of the activities of the compounds when used alone.

As used herein the term “composition” and “formulation” are same and can be used interchangeable.

% w/w or % weight as used herein means the total % of the ingredient compared to total weight of the composition or formulation.

As per one embodiment, the composition of the present invention can be in the form of any formulation mentioned above.

As per preferred embodiment, the composition of the present invention is selected from Suspension Concentrate (SC), Water dispersible granules (WDG) and Wettable powders (WP).

One or more of the active ingredients is encapsulated for various purposes, such as to increase the residual biological activity, or to reduce the acute toxicity, or to obtain a physical or chemically stable water-based formulation. The purpose determines whether the “free” active ingredient and the “release rate” are relevant properties of a specific product.

This invention relates to a composition for protecting plants, economically important crops. The present invention relates to plant-protecting active ingredient mixtures having synergistically enhanced action and to a method of improving the health of plants by applying said mixtures to the plants or the locus thereof.One typical problem arising in the Field of pest control lies in the need to reduce the dosage rates of the active ingredient in order to reduce or avoid unfavorable environmental or toxicological effects whilst still allowing effective pest and pathogen control.

Another problem encountered concerns the need to have available pest control agents which are effective against a broad spectrum of pests and pathogens.

Another problem underlying the present invention is the desire for compositions that improve plants, a process which is commonly and hereinafter referred to as “plant health”. For example, advantageous properties that may be mentioned are improved crop characteristics including: crop yields, protein content, tillering increase, increase in plant height, bigger leaf blade, less dead basal leaves, stronger tillers, greener leaf color, pigment content, photosynthetic activity, less fertilizers needed, more productive tillers, earlier lowering, early grain maturity, less plant verse (lodging), increased shoot growth, enhancedplant vigor, or any other advantages familiar to a person skilled in the art.

Advantageous invention relates to a compositionof (A) Diafenthiuron (B) Pyriproxyfen (C) at least one insecticide selected from group Acetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Fipronil, Flonicamid, Spirotetrammat and Tolfenpyradin ratios by weight of the active ingredients are (A) Diafenthiuron 0.1 to 40%; (B) Pyriproxyfen0.1 to 30 %; (C) Insecticides0.1 to 20%, wherein insecticide may be selected fromAcetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Fipronil, Flonicamid, Spirotetramat and Tolfenpyrad.

The novel active ingredient mixtures have very advantageous curative, preventive and systemic pesticidal properties for protecting cultivated plants. As has been mentioned, said active ingredient mixtures can be used to inhibit or destroy the insects that occur on plants or parts of plants (fruit, blossoms, leaves, stems, tubers, roots) of different crops or useful plants, while at the same time those parts of plants which grow later are also protected from attack by such insects.

Specifically, they are suitable for controlling the following harmful insect-pests;
The formulation of the present invention can be used to control the insects-pests belonging to the order Homoptera, for example, Aonidiella spp., Aphididae, Aphis spp., Bemisiatabaci,Trialeurodesvaporariorum, Amrascabiguttula, Empoasca spp., Myzus spp., Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata spp., Planococcus spp., Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Sitobionspp.,order Lepidoptera, Agrotis spp., Chilo spp., Cnaphalocrocis spp., Cydia spp., Earias spp., Heliothis spp., Hellula spp., Pectinophoragossypiella, Pieris spp., Plutellaxylostella, Scirpophaga spp., Sesamia spp., Spodoptera spp., and Trichoplusiani; from theorderColeoptera, for example, Anthonomus spp., Diabrotica spp., Epilachna spp., Melolontha spp., Oryzaephilus spp.; from the order Orthoptera, for example, Gryllotalpa spp., Locusta spp., and Schistocerca is spp.; from the order Thysanoptera, for example, Frankliniella spp., Thripspalmi, Thripstabaci and Scirtothripsdorsalis; from the order Heteroptera, for example, Dysdercus spp., Leptocorisaspp., from the order Hymenoptera, for example, Solenopsis spp. ; from the order Diptera, for example, Antherigonasoccata, Dacus spp., Liriomyza spp., Melanagromyza spp.,; from the order Siphonaptera : from theorderAcarina, for example, Brevipalpus spp., Eriophyes spp., Olygonychus spp., Panonychus spp., Polyphagotarsonemuslatus, Tarsonemus spp. and Tetranychus spp.
As per preferred embodiment, the formulation of present invention can be useful against insects from the order of the Lepidoptera, for example Agrotis ypsilon, Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Cacoecia murinana, Capua reticulana, Chilo partellus, Chilo suppressalis, Choristoneura fumiferana, Choristoneura occidentalis, Cirphis unipuncta, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Cydia pomonella, Diatraea saccharalis, Dendrolimus pini, Diaphania nitidalis, Earias vittella, Earias insulana, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Evetria bou-liana, Exelastis atomosa, Feltia subterranea, Galleria mellonella, Grapholitha funebrana, Helicoverpa armigera, Helicoverpa virescens, Helicoverpa zea, Hellula undalis, Hibernia defoliaria, Hyphantria cunea, Hyponomeuta malinellus, Keiferia lycopersicella, Laphygma exigua, Leucinodes orbonalis, Leucoptera coffeella, Leucoptera scitella, Lithocol-letis blancardella, Lobesia botrana, Loxostege sticticalis, Lymantria dispar, Lyonetia clerkella, Malacosoma neustria, Mamestra brassicae, Marasmia pantalis, Maruca vitrata, Maruca testulalis, Mythimna separata, Orgyia pseu-dotsugata, Ostrinia nubilalis, Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Peridroma saucia, Phalera bucephala, Phthorimaea operculella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris bras-sicae, Plathypena scabra, Plutella xylostella, Pseudoplusia includens, Rhyacionia frus-trana, Scirpophaga incertulas, Scirpophaga innotata, Scrobipalpula absoluta, Sesamia inferens, Sitotroga cerealella, Sparganothis pilleriana, Spilosoma obliqua, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera litura, Thaumatopoea pityocampa, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusia ni, Tuta absoluta and Zeiraphera Canadensis; beetles (Coleoptera), for example Adoretus bicolor, Agrilus sinuatus, Agriotes lineatus, Agriotes obscu-rus, Amphimallus solstitialis, Anisandrus dispar, Anthonomus grandis, Anthonomus pomorum, Anomala benghalensis, Aphthona euphoridae, Apogonia aerea, Athous haemorrhoidalis, Atomaria linearis, Blasto-phagus piniperda, Blitophaga undata, Bruchus rufimanus, Bruchus pisorum, Bruchus lentis, Byctiscus betulae, Cassida nebulosa, Cerotoma trifurcata, Cetonia aurata, Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Ceuthorrhynchus napi, Chaetocnema tibialis, Chiloloba acuta, Conoderus vespertinus, Crioceris asparagi, Ctenicera ssp., Diabrotica longicornis, Diabrotica semipunctata, Diabrotica punctata, Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica virgifera, Dicladispa armigera, Epila-chna varivestis, Epitrix hirtipennis, Eutinobothrus brasiliensis, Holotrichia bicolor, Holotrichia consanguinea, Holotrichia serrata, Hylobius abietis, Hypera brunneipennis, Hypera postica, Ips typographus, Lema bilineata, Lema melanopus, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Lepidiota stigma, Limonius califomicus, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Maladera indica, Melanotus communis, Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha hippocastani, Melolontha melolontha, Oberea brevis, Oulema oryzae, Ortiorrhynchus sulcatus, Otiorrhynchus ovatus, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllobius pyri, Phyllotreta chrysocephala, Phyllophaga sp., Phyllopertha horticola, Phyllotreta nemorum, Phyllotreta striolata, Popillia japonica, Sitona lineatus and Sito-philus granaria; flies, mosquitoes (Diptera), e.g. Atherigona orientalis, Calliphora vicina, Ceratitis capitata, Chrysomya bezziana, Chrysomya hominivorax, Chrysomya macellaria, Chrysops discalis, Chrysops silacea, Chrysops atlanticus, Cochliomyia hominivorax, Contarinia sorghicola Cordylobia anthropophaga, Culicoides furens, Culiseta inornata, Culiseta melanura, Dacus cucurbi-tae, Dacus oleae, Dasineura brassicae, Delia antique, Delia coarctata, Delia platura, Delia radicum, Dermatobia hominis, Fannia canicularis, Geomyza Tripunctata, Gaster-ophilus intestinalis, Glossina morsitans, Glossina palpalis, Glossina fuscipes, Glossina tachinoides, Haematobia irritans, Haplodiplosis equestris, Hippelates spp., Hylemyia platura, Hypoderma lineata, Leptoconops torrens, Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza trifolii, Lucilia caprina, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia sericata, Lycoria pectoralis, Mansonia titillanus, Mayetiola destructor, Melanagromyza obtuse, Muscina stabulans, Oestrus ovis, Ophiomyia phaseli, Opomyza florum, Orseolia oryzae, Oscinella frit, Pegomya hysocyami, Phorbia antiqua, Phorbia brassicae, Phor-bia coarctata, Phlebotomus argentipes, Psorophora columbiae, Psila rosae, Psoro-phora discolor, Prosimulium mixtum, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhagoletis pomonella, Sar-cophaga haemorrhoidalis, Sarcophaga sp., Simulium vittatum, Stomoxys calcitrans, Tabanus bovinus, Tabanus atratus, Tabanus lineola, and Tabanus similis, Tipula ol-eracea, and Tipula paludosa; thrips (Thysanoptera), e.g. Dichromothrips corbetti, Dichromothrips ssp , Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella tritici, Scirtothrips citri, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Thrips oryzae, Thrips palmi and Thrips tabaci; termites (Isoptera), e.g. Calotermes flavicollis, Coptotermes formosanus, Heterotermes aureus, Leucotermes flavipes, Microtermes obesi, Odontotermes obesus, Reticulitermes flavipes, Termes natalensis; cockroaches (Blattaria - Blattodea), e.g. Blattella germanica, Penplaneta americana, Periplaneta japonica and Blatta orientalis; true bugs (Hemiptera), e.g. Acrosternum hilare, Acyrtho-siphon pisum, Acyrthosiphon onobrychis, Adelges laricis, Amrasca biguttula biguttula, Amrasca devastans, Amritodus atkinsoni, Aphidula nasturtii, Aphis fabae, Aphis forbesi, Aphis pomi, Aphis gossypii, Aphis crassivora, Aphis grossulariae, Aphis schneideri, Aphis spiraecola, Aphis sambuci, Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia argentifolii, Bemisia tabaci, Brachycaudus cardui, Brachy-caudus helichrysi, Brachycaudus persicae, Brachycaudus prunicola, Brevicoryne brassicae, Capitophorus horni, Cerosipha gossypii, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Cicadulina spp., Clavigralla gibbosa, Cryptomyzus ribis, Dreyfusia nordmannianae, Dreyfusia piceae, Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysaphis radicola, Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani, Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysaphis pyri, Empoasca fabae, Hyalopterus pruni, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Idioscopus spp. Leptoglossus phyllopus, Leptocorisa acuta, Lygus lineolaris, Lygus pratensis, Macrosiphum avenae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Ma-crosiphon rosae, Megoura viciae, Melanaphis pyrarius, Metopolophium dirhodum, My-zus persicae, Myzus ascalonicus, Myzus cerasi, Myzus varians, Nezara viridula, Nasonovia ribis-nigri, Nilaparvata lugens, Nephotettix virescens, Nephotettix nigropictus, Pemphigus bursarius, Perkinsiella saccharicida, Peregrinus maidis, Phorodon humuli, Planococcus spp., Pseudococcus spp., Pyrilla perpusilla, Psylla mali, Psylla piri, Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosi-phum padi, Rhopalosiphum insertum, Sappaphis mala, Sappaphis mail, Schizaphis graminum, Schizoneura lanuginosa, Sitobion avenae, Sogatella furcifera, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Toxoptera aurantiia, Psylla spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Sitobion spp., Aonidiella aurantii, Lepidosaphes beckii, Saissetia oleae, Coccus hesperidum, Parthenolecanium corni; ants, bees, wasps, sawflies (Hymenoptera), e.g. Athalia rosae, Atta cephalotes, Atta capiguara, Atta cephalotes, Atta laevigata, Atta robusta, Atta sexdens, Atta texana, Crematogaster spp., Hoplocampa minuta, Hoplocampa testudinea, Monomorium pha-raonis, Solenopsis geminata, Solenopsis invicta, Solenopsis richteri, Solenopsis xyloni, Pogonomyrmex barbatus, Pogonomyrmex californicus, Pheidole megacephala, Dasy-mutilla occidentalis, Bombus spp. Vespula squamosa, Paravespula vulgaris, Paraves-pula pennsylvanica, Paravespula germanica, Dolichovespula maculata, Vespa crabro, Polistes rubiginosa, Camponotus floridanus, and Linepithema humile; crickets, grasshoppers, locusts (Orthoptera), e.g. Acheta domestica, Gryllotalpa gryllo-talpa, Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus bivittatus, Melanoplus femurrubrum, Melanoplus mexicanus, Melanoplus sanguinipes, Melanoplus spretus, Nomadacris septemfasciata, Schistocerca americana, Schistocerca gregaria, Dociostaurus maroccanus, Tachycines asynamorus, Oedaleus senegalensis, Zonozerus variegatus, Hieroglyphus daganensis, Kraussaria angulifera, Calliptamus italicus, Chortoicetes terminifera, and Locustana pardalina; Arachnoidea, such as arachnids (Acarina), e.g. of the families Argasidae, Ixodidae and Sarcoptidae, such as Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma variegatum, Ambryomma maculatum, Argas persicus, Boophilus annulatus, Boophilus decoloratus, Boophilus microplus, Dermacentor silvarum, Dermacentor andersoni, Dermacentor variabilis, Hyalomma truncatum, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes rubicundus, Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes holocyclus, Ixodes pacificus, Ornithodorus moubata, Ornithodorus hermsi, Ornithodo-rus turicata, Ornithonyssus bacoti, Otobius megnini, Dermanyssus gallinae, Psoroptes ovis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsi, Sarcoptes scabiei, and Eriophyidae spp. such as Aculus schlechtendali, Phyllocoptrata oleivora and Eriophyes sheldoni; Tarsonemidae spp. such as Phytonemus pallidus and Polyphagotarsonemus latus; Tenuipalpidae spp. such as Brevipalpus phoenicis; Tetra-nychidae spp. such as Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus kanzawai, Tetranychus pacificus, Tetranychus telarius and Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Panony-chus citri, and Oligonychus pratensis; Araneida, e.g. Latrodectus mactans, and Loxos-celes recluse; fleas (Siphonaptera), e.g. Ctenocephalides felis, Ctenocephalides canis, Xenopsylla cheopis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, and Nosopsyllus fasciatus; silverfish, firebrat (Thysanura), e.g. Lepisma saccharina and Thermobia domestica; centipedes (Chilopoda), e.g. Scutigera coleoptrata; millipedes (Diplopoda), e.g. Narceus spp.; Earwigs (DermapteraJ, e.g. forficula auricularia.
The formulation according to the invention can be applied to any and all developmental stages of pests, such as egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The pests may be controlled by contacting the target pest, its food supply, habitat, breeding ground or its locus with a pesticidally effective amount of the inventive mixtures or of compositions comprising the mixtures.
The list of crops which can be suitable for protection by the present formulation are Cotton (Gossypium spp.), Rice (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticumaestavum), Maize (Zea mays), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Sugarcane (Saccharumofficinarum) , Soybean (Glycin max), Peanut (Arachishypogaea), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) , Mustard (Brassica juncea) and Rape seed (Brassica napus), Green gram (Vigna radiate), Black gram (Vignamungo), Chickpea (Ciceraritinum), Lentils (Lens culinaris), Okra (Abelmoschusesculentus) , Brinjal (Solanummelongena), Tomato (S olanumlycopersicun) , Potato (Solanumtuberosum) , Chilly (Capsicum annum), Onion (Allium cepa L.), Garlic (Allium sativum), Cucumber (Cucumissativus) and Melons (Cucumismelo) Apple (Melusdomestica), Mango (Mangiferaindica), Banana (Musa spp.), Grapes (Vitisvinifera), Pomegranate (Punicagranatum), Oranges (Citrus spp.), Tea (Camellia sinensis), Ornamental and floriculture plants, Plantation crops etc.

As per preferred embodiment, the composition of the present invention can be useful in Cotton (Gossypium spp.), Jute (Corchorus oliotorus), Paddy (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticum aestavum), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Maize (Zea mays), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Ragi (Eleusine coracana), Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) , Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris), Soybean (Glycin max), Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) , Mustard (Brassica juncea), Rape seed (Brassica napus), Linseed (Linum usitatissimum), Sesame (Sesamum indicum), Castor (Ricinus communis), Green gram (Vigna radiate), Black gram (Vigna mungo), Chickpea (Cicer aritinum), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Redgram (Cajanus cajan), Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Indian bean (Lablab purpureus), Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), Field pea (Pisum sativum), Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), Lentils (Lens culinaris), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) , Onion (Allium cepa L.), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicun) , Potato (Solanum tuberosum) , Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Chilly (Capsicum annum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), Muskmelons (Cucumis melo), Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), Radish (Raphanus sativus), Carrot (Dacus carota subsp. sativus), Turnip (Brassica rapa subsp rapa), Apple (Melus domestica), Banana (Musa spp.), Citrus groups (Citrus spp.), Grape (Vitis vinifera), Guava (Psidium guajava), Litchi (Litchi chinensis), Mango (Mangifera indica), Papaya (Carica papaya), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Pomegranate (Punica granatum) , Sapota (Manilkara zapota), Tea (Camellia sinensis), Coffea (Coffea Arabica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi), Psyllium (Plantago ovate), Black Pepper (Piper nigrum), Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), Safed musli (Chlorophytum tuberosum), Drum stick (Moringa oleifera), Coconut (Coco nucifera), Mentha ( Mentha spp.), Rose (Rosa spp.), Jasmine (Jasminum spp.), Marigold ( Tagetes spp.), Common daisy (Bellis perennis), Dahlia (Dahlia hortnesis), Gerbera ( Gerbera jamesonii), Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) and GMO derivatives thereof.

As per one embodiment, the pesticidal composition of the present invention is to be applied as foliar spray with the help of manual operated knap sack sprayer, battery or power operated or machine or tractor operated sprayer with the spray volume of 250 to 750 liters per hectare.
As per one embodiment, the pesticidal composition of the present invention is to be applied in an amount of from 100 to 3000 g or ml per hectare, preferablyfrom 500 to 1000 g or ml per hectare.
The ratio of (A) Diafenthiuron (B) Pyriproxyfen (C) at least one insecticidewherein insecticide may be selected fromAcetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Fipronil, Flonicamid, Spirotetramat and Tolfenpyrad, and the total amount of the mixture, depends on many factors, including the type and the occurrence of the pests to be controlled. For each application, the optimum ratios and total amounts to be employed can in each case be determined by routine experimentation. In one embodiment, the weight percentage of (A) Diafenthiuron (B) Pyriproxyfen (C) insecticides in the composition is within the range of (A) Diafenthiuron; 0.1 to 40 % (B)Pyriproxyfen0.1 to 30%; (C) Insecticides0.1 to 20% or any range that is a subset within said range.

Accordingly, in one embodiment a pesticide comprises a mixture including a pesticidally effective amount of (A) Diafenthiuron (B) Pyriproxyfen (C) insecticides may be selected from Acetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Fipronil, Flonicamid, Spirotetramat and Tolfenpyrad with at least one agriculturally acceptable adjuvant and/or carrier. A “pesticidally effective amount” is an amount of active ingredient or a combination of active ingredients that is effective to prevent or reduce damage to a plant caused by any pest or to repel, deter or destroy a pest or to cause an adverse effect to an individual insect or an insect population, including, for example, deviations from natural development, killing, regulation, and the like. Suitable adjuvants or carriers should not be phytotoxic to valuable crops, particularly at the concentrations employed in applying the compositions for pest control in the presence of crops, and should not react chemically with pesticidal components of the mixture or other composition ingredients. Such mixtures can be designed for application directly to plant or to a field locus or can be concentrates or formulations that are normally diluted with additional carriers and/or adjuvants before application as described further herein below. Solid forms of the pesticide can be, for example, dusts, granules, water dispersible granules, or wettable powders. Liquid forms of the pesticide can be, for example, emulsifiable concentrates, solutions, emulsions or suspensions, as discussed further herein below.

Examples of suitable solid carriers include talc, pyrophyllite clay, silica, attapulgus clay, kaolin clay, kieselguhr, chalk, diatomaceous earth, lime, calcium carbonate, bentonite clay, Fuller's earth, cottonseed hulls, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, walnut shell flour, lignin, and the like or mixtures thereof.

Other ingredients, or customary adjuvants, that are often used in agrochemicalcompositions, and that can be included in various compositions described herein, include, but are not limited to, dispersing agents, wetting agent, antifoam agents, biocide, anti-freezing agent, suspension aid, thickening agents (also referred to as “thickeners”), quick coating agent or sticking agents (also referred to as “stickers” or “binders”),

Pesticide compositions can be frequently applied as aqueous suspensions or emulsions prepared from concentrated formulations of such compositions. Such water-soluble, water-suspendable, or emulsifiable formulations are either solids, usually known as wettable powders, or water dispersible granules, or liquids usually known as emulsifiable concentrates, or aqueous suspensions. Wettable powders, which may be compacted to form water dispersible granules, comprise an intimate mixture of the pesticide composition, a carrier, and surfactants. The carrier is usually chosen from among the attapulgite clays, the montmorillonite clays, the diatomaceous earths, or the purified silicates. Effective surfactants, which can comprise from about 0.5% to about 10% of the wettable powder, are found among sulfonatedlignins, condensed naphthalenesulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkyl sulfates, and nonionic surfactants such as ethylene oxide adducts of alkyl phenols.

Aqueous suspensions comprise suspensions of water-insoluble pesticide compositions dispersed in an aqueous carrier. Suspensions are prepared by finely grinding the pesticide composition and vigorously mixing it into a carrier comprised of water and surfactants. Ingredients, such as inorganic salts and synthetic or natural gums, may also be added, to increase the density and viscosity of the aqueous carrier. It is often most effective to grind and mix the pesticide composition at the same time by preparing the aqueous mixture and homogenizing it in an implement such as a sand mill, ball mill, or piston-type homogenizer.

Pesticide compositions may also be applied as granular formulations that are particularly useful for applications to the soil. Granular formulations include the pesticide composition dispersed in a carrier such as, for example, a carrier that comprises clay or a similar substance. Such formulations are usually prepared by dissolving the pesticide composition in a suitable solvent and applying it to a granular carrier which has been pre-formed to the appropriate particle size, in the range of from about 0.5 to 3 mm. Such formulations may also be formulated by making a dough or paste of the carrier and pesticide composition and crushing and drying to obtain the desired granular particle size.

The composition of the present invention offers advantages as mentioned below;
1. Multiple combinations are for resistance management: Presence of multiple active ingredient working through different mechanism can offer advantage of lack of resistance from pest insect. As a result, the effect of composition will be longer period of time.

2. Multiple insect control at a time: Combination of multiple active ingredients with different mechanism also offers advantage of controlling insect pests of different class with the use of single formulation. So with the less amount of composition, more effective control can be obtained.

3. Longer residual control: One more advatange of combination of multiple active ingredients with different mechanism offers longer resifual control of pest insects due to delay in resistance development

It is equally practical to apply a pesticide composition in the form of a solution in an appropriate organic solvent, usually petroleum oil, such as the spray oils, which are widely used in agricultural chemistry.

Pesticide compositions can also be applied in the form of an aerosol formulation. In such formulations, the pesticide composition is dissolved or dispersed in a carrier, which is a pressure-generating propellant mixture. The aerosol formulation is packaged in a container from which the mixture is dispensed through an atomizing valve.

Pesticide baits are formed when the pesticide composition is mixed with food or an attractant or both. When the pests eat the bait they also consume the pesticide composition. Baits may take the form of granules, gels, flowable powders, liquids, or solids. They may be used in or around pest harborages.

Fumigants are pesticides that have a relatively high vapor pressure and hence can exist as a gas in sufficient concentrations to kill pests in soil or enclosed spaces. The toxicity of the fumigant is proportional to its concentration and the exposure time. They are characterized by a good capacity for diffusion and act by penetrating the pest's respiratory system or being absorbed through the pest's cuticle. Fumigants are applied to control stored product pests under gas proof sheets, in gas sealed rooms or buildings or in special chambers.

Generally, with baits, the baits are placed in the ground where the pests can come into contact with the bait. Baits can also be applied to a surface of a building, (horizontal, vertical, or slant, surface) where, for example, ants, termites, cockroaches, and flies, can come into contact with the bait.

Because of the unique ability of the eggs of some pests to resist pesticides repeated applications may be desirable to control newly emerged larvae.

The concentration of (A) Diafenthiuron (B) Pyriproxyfen (C) insecticides in a synergistic formulation of one embodiment is wherein (A) Diafenthiuron is from 0.1 to 40% percent by weightwherein (B) Pyriproxyfen is from 0.1 to 30 % by weight and wherein (C) Insecticideis from 0.1 to 20% by weight. In another embodiment, the concentration is from 0.01 to 90 percent by weight. In a formulation embodiment designed to be employed as a concentrate, the active ingredients are present in a concentration from 5 to 98 weight percent, preferably 10 to 90 weight percent. Such concentrate formulations are typically diluted with an inert carrier, such as water, before application. In one embodiment, a diluted composition to be applied to a field locus includes from 0.0001 to 1 weight percent active ingredient. In another embodiment, the composition includes from 0.001 to 0.05 weight percent active ingredient. Below table describes the % concentration of individual ingredients;

% of components varies from
(A) (B) (C) Insecticides
Diafenthiuron Pyriproxyfen Acetamiprid
Diafenthiuron Pyriproxyfen Bifenthrin
Diafenthiuron Pyriproxyfen Fipronil
Diafenthiuron Pyriproxyfen Flonicamid
Diafenthiuron Pyriproxyfen Spirotetrammat
Diafenthiuron Pyriproxyfen Tolfenpyrad
0.1to 40% 0.1 to 30 % 0.1 to 20%

The present compositions can be applied to a locus by the use of conventional ground or aerial dusters, sprayers, and granule applicators, by addition to irrigation or paddy water, and by other conventional means known to those skilled in the art.

A dispersant is a substance which adsorbs onto the surface of particles and helps to preserve the state of dispersion of the particles and prevents them from re-aggregating. Dispersants are added to agrochemical formulations to facilitate dispersion and suspension during manufacture, and to ensure the particles re-disperse into water in a spray tank. They are widely used in wettable powders, suspension concentrates and water-dispersible granules. Surfactants that are used as dispersants have the ability to adsorb strongly onto a particle surface and provide a charged or steric barrier to re-aggregation of particles. The most commonly used surfactants are anionic, non-ionic, or mixtures of the two types. For wettable powder formulations, the most common dispersants are sodium lignosulphonates. For suspension concentrates, very good adsorption and stabilization are obtained using polyelectrolytes, such as sodium naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensates. Tristyrylphenolethoxylate phosphate esters are also used. Non-ionics such as alkylarylethylene oxide condensates and EO-PO block copolymers are sometimes combined with anionics as dispersants for suspension concentrates. In recent years, new types of very high molecular weight polymeric surfactants have been developed as dispersants. These have very long hydrophobic ‘backbones’ and a large number of ethylene oxide chains forming the ‘teeth’ of a ‘comb’ surfactant. These high molecular weight polymers can give very good long-term stability to suspension concentrates because the hydrophobic backbones have many anchoring points onto the particle surfaces. Examples of dispersants used herein include but not limited to sodium lignosulphonates; sodium naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensates; tristyrylphenolethoxylate phosphate esters; aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates; alky ethoxylates; EO-PO block copolymers; and graft copolymers or mixtures thereof.

Anti-freezing agent as used herein can be selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycols, methoxypolyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polybutylene glycols, glycerin and ethylene glycol.

Water-based formulations often cause foam during mixing operations in production. In order to reduce the tendency to foam, anti-foam agents are often added either during the production stage or before filling into bottles. Generally, there are two types of anti-foam agents, namely silicones and non-silicones. Silicones are usually aqueous emulsions of dimethyl polysiloxane while the non-silicone anti-foam agents are water-insoluble oils, such as octanol and nonanol, or silica. In both cases, the function of the anti-foam agent is to displace the surfactant from the air-water interface.

A wetting agent is a substance that when added to a liquid increases the spreading or penetration power of the liquid by reducing the interfacial tension between the liquid and the surface on which it is spreading. Wetting agents are used for two main functions in agrochemical formulations: during processing and manufacture to increase the rate of wetting of powders in water to make concentrates for soluble liquids or suspension concentrates; and during mixing of a product with water in a spray tank or other vessel to reduce the wetting time of wettable powders and to improve the penetration of water into water-dispersible granules. Examples of wetting agents used in wettable powder, suspension concentrate, and water-dispersible granule formulations include but not limited to sodium lauryl sulphate; sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate; alkyl phenol ethoxylates; and aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates or mixtures thereof.

Suspension aid in the present description denotes a natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic material with which the active substance is combined in order to facilitate its application to the plant, to the seeds or to the soil. This carrier is hence generally inert, and it must be agriculturally acceptable, in particular to the plant being treated. The carrier may be solid (clays, natural or synthetic silicates, silica, resins, waxes, solid fertilizers, and the like or mixtures thereof) or liquid (water, alcohols, ketones, petroleum fractions, aromatic or paraffinic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, liquefied gases, and the like or mixtures thereof).

Biocides / Microorganisms cause spoilage of formulated products. Therefore anti-microbial agents are used to eliminate or reduce their effect. Examples of such agents include, but are not limited to: propionic acid and its sodium salt; sorbic acid and its sodium or potassium salts; benzoic acid and its sodium salt; p-hydroxy benzoic acid sodium salt; methyl p-hydroxy benzoate; and biocide such as sodium benzoate, 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, potassium sorbate, parahydroxy benzoates or mixtures thereof.

Thickeners or gelling agents are used mainly in the formulation of suspension concentrates, emulsions and suspoemulsions to modify the rheology or flow properties of the liquid and to prevent separation and settling of the dispersed particles or droplets. Thickening, gelling, and anti-settling agents generally fall into two categories, namely water-insoluble particulates and water-soluble polymers. It is possible to produce suspension concentrate formulations using clays and silicas. Examples of these types of materials, include, but are limited to, montmorillonite, e.g. bentonite; magnesium aluminum silicate; and attapulgite. Water-soluble polysaccharides have been used as thickening-gelling agents for many years. The types of polysaccharides most commonly used are natural extracts of seeds and seaweeds are synthetic derivatives of cellulose or mixtures thereof. Examples of these types of materials include, but are not limited to, guar gum; locust bean gum; carrageenam; xanthan gum; alginates; methyl cellulose; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC); hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) or mixtures thereof. Other types of anti-settling agents are based on modified starches, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene oxide or mixtures.

The quick coating agent can be a conventionally available sticker, for example polyesters, polyamides, poly- carbonates, polyurea and polyurethanes, acrylate polymers and copolymers, styrene copolymers, butadiene copolymers, polsaccharides such as starch and cellulose derivatives, vinylal- cohol, vinylacetate and vinylpyrrolidone polymers and copolymers, polyethers, epoxy, phenolic and melamine resins, polyolefins and define copolymersand mixtures thereof. Examples of preferred polymers are acrylate polymers such as poly(methacrylate), poly( ethyl methacrylate ), poly(methylmethacrylate), acrylate copoylmers and styrene-acrylic copolymers as defined herein below , poly(styrene-co maleic anhydride), cellulosic polymers such as ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetatebutyrate, acetylated mono-, di-, and triglycerides, poly(vinylpyrrolidone), vinyl acetate polymers and copolymers, poly(alkylene glycol), styrene butadiene copolymers, poly(orthoesters), alkyd resins, and mixtures of two or more of these. Polymers that are biodegradable are also useful in the present invention. As used herein, a polymer is biodegradable if is not water soluble, but is degraded over a period of several weeks when placed in an application environment. Examples of biodegradable polymers that are useful in the present method include biodegradable polyesters, starch, polylactic acid -starch blends, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymers, polydioxanone, cellulose esters, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, starch esters, starch ester aliphatic polyester blends, modified corn starch, polycaprolactone, poly(n-amylmethacrylate), wood rosin, polyan- hydrides, polyvinylalcohol, polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate, biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, and polyhydroxybutyrate or mixtures thereof.

Buffering agent as used herein is selected from group consisting of calcium hydroxyapatite, PottasiumDihydrogen Phosphate, Sodium Hydroxide, carbonated apatite, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphates, carbonated calcium phosphates, amine monomers, lactate dehydrogenase and magnesium hydroxide.

The solvent for the formulation of the present invention may include water, water-soluble alcohols and dihydroxy alcohol ethers. The water-soluble alcohol which can be used in the present invention may be lower alcohols or water-soluble macromolecular alcohols. The term "lower alcohol", as used herein, represents an alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, etc. Macromolecular alcohol is not limited, as long as it may be dissolved in water in a suitable amount range, e.g., polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, glucitol, etc. The examples of suitable dihydroxy alcohol ethers used in the present invention may be dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ethers or dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers. The examples of dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ether include ethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, dipropylene glycol ethyl ether, etc. The examples of dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers include ethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether, dipropylene glycol phenyl ether, and the like. Any of the above mentioned solvent can be used either alone or in combination thereof.

WDG formulations offer a number of advantages in packaging, ease of handling and safety. The WDG are preferably of uniform size and which are free flowing, low dusting and readily disperse in water to form a homogenous solution of very small particles which may pass through conventional spray nozzles. Ideally WDG formulations when dispersed in water under gentle agitation for five minutes have residues of less than 0.01% on a 150 µm sieve screen and less than 0.5% on a 53 µm screen. The granules can usually be measured accurately by volume which is convenient for the end user.

Wettable powders can be prepared by dissolving insecticide in sufficient solvent with or without heating to give a solution and spraying the resulting solution onto a solid carrier or diluent. Alternatively insecticides which are solid and of a friable nature may be blended and ground with mineral diluents. The carriers generally used for wettable powders are sorbent inorganic materials commonly of mineral origin such as the kaolinites, montmorillonites, attapulgites, diatomaceous earths and vermiculites. Diluents generally used in toxicant formulations are such inert solids as talc, pyrophyllite, frianite, pumice and as per the knowledge of a person skilled in the art.

Oil dispersion (OD) formulation can be prepared by below mentioned general process;

The organic solvent is charged into a vessel and the clay or silica type rheology modifier is added into the vessel with high shear mixing to allow complete wetting of the rheology modifier. The insecticide, safener, dispersants, and emulsifier may then be added to the vessel under shearing conditions until the formation of uniform oil dispersion is achieved. The polymer or oligomer capable of hydrogen bonding may be introduced into the oil dispersion at a point where the desired thickening effect is achieved.

The SC composition can be prepared by below described method;
STEP-I:Addinganti-microbial agentand gum in water under continuous stirring followed by slow addition. Continuing stirring until homogeneous dispersion is formed. STEP-II:Mixing anti-freezing agent, dispersant, wetting agent, anti-microbial agentand anti-foaming agent in water for 30 minute until homogeneous solution is formed. Finally add Diafenthiuron and Pyriproxyfen and insecticide wherein insecticide may be selected fromAcetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Fipronil, Flonicamid, Spirotetramat and Tolfenpyrad and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient which is added slowly under continuous stirring at 30 minute till homogeneous dispersion is obtained. Milling the slurry through bead mill until required particle size is achieved. Step-III: Adding rest of water,anti-foaming agent and gum solutionunder continuous stirring to get desired viscosity of the suspension. Continue stirring for about 4 hr to obtain homogeneous composition.

ZC is a mixed formulation of CS and SC and is a stable aqueous suspension of microcapsules and solid fine particles, each of which contains Diafenthiuron, Pyriproxyfenand insecticides wherein insecticide may be selected fromAcetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Fipronil, Flonicamid, Spirotetramat and Tolfenpyrad and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. The formulation is intended for dilution into water prior to spray application. Formulating the active ingredients together eliminates the need for tank mixing, which can lead to incompatibility, and facilitates control of a wider range of pests with fewer applications. Like other aqueous liquid formulations, ZC formulations are easy to handle and measure, dust free, non-flammable and offer good miscibility with water. Diafenthiuron, Pyriproxyfen and insecticides may be selected from Acetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Fipronil, Flonicamid, Spirotetramat and Tolfenpyrad encapsulated for various purposes, such as to increase the residual biological activity, or to reduce the acute toxicity, or to obtain a physical or chemically stable water-based formulation. The purpose determines whether the “free” active ingredient and the “release rate” are relevant properties of a specific product.

The process for preparing the present agrochemical composition can be modified accordingly by any person skilled in the art based on the knowledge of the manufacturing the composition. However all such variation and modification is still covered by the scope of present invention.

EXAMPLES

Example 1: Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Pyriproxyfen 10%+Bifenthrin 8% WP (Wettable Powder)
Compositions Percent (w/w)
Diafenthiuron (96%) 39.38
Pyriproxyfen (95%) 11.05
Bifenthrin (95%) 8.42
Sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, formaldehyde condensate 3.70
Sodium salt of Phenolsulfonic acid-formaldehyde-polycondensate 3.00
Blend of alkyl naphthalene sulphonate and anionic wetting agent 2.30
Silicone antifoam 1.00
Silica 15.00
Citric acid, trisodium salt, dihydrate 4.50
China Clay 11.65
TOTAL 100.00

Procedure:
Step 1 Charge the required quantity of filler, wetting agent, dispersing agent, and suspending agent, & technical in premixing blender for homogenization for 30 minutes.
Step 2 Pre-blended material is than grinded through Jet mill/ air classifier mills. Finely grinded material is blended in post blender till it becomes homogeneous. (for approx 1.5 hr)
Step 3 Homogeneous material is analysed. After getting approval from QC dept. material is unloaded into 25 kg. HDPE bag with LDPE liner inside.

Example 2: Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Pyriproxyfen 10%+Flonicamid 8% WP (Wettable Powder)
Composition Percent (w/w)
Diafenthiuron (96%) 39.38
Pyriproxyfen (95%) 11.05
Flonicamid (95%) 8.42
Sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, formaldehyde condensate 3.70
Sodium salt of Phenolsulfonic acid-formaldehyde-polycondensate 3.00
Blend of alkyl naphthalene sulphonate and anionic wetting agent 2.30
Silicone antifoam 1.00
Silica 15.00
Citric acid, trisodium salt, dihydrate 4.50
China Clay 11.65
Total 100.00

Procedure: As per example 1

Example 3: Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Pyriproxyfen 10%+Fipronil 6% WDG (Water Dispersible Granules)
Compositions Percent (w/w)
Diafenthiuron (96%) 39.38
Pyriproxyfen (95%) 11.05
Fipronil (97%) 6.40
Sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, formaldehyde condensate 3.50
Styrene acrylic polymer 5.00
Sodium Polycarboxylate 5.00
Blend of alkyl naphthalene sulphonate and anionic wetting agent 2.00
Lactose anhydrous 5.00
Sodium SulfateAnhydrous 3.00
Starch 19.67
TOTAL 100.00

Procedure:
Step 1 Charge the required quantity of filler, wetting agent, dispersing agent, and suspending agent, & technical in premixing blender for homogenization for 30 minutes.
Step 2 Pre-blended material is than grinded through Jet mill/ air classifier mills. Finely grinded material is blended in post blender till it becomes homogeneous. (for approx 1.5 hr)
Step 3 Homogeneous material is analysed. After getting approval from QC dept. material is unloaded into 25 kg. HDPE bag with LDPE liner inside.
Step 4 Finely grinded powder is mixer with required quantity of water to form extrudable dough.
Step 5 Dough is passed through extruder to get granules of required size.
Step 6 Wet granules are passed through Fluidised bed drier and further graded using vibrating screens.
Step 7 Final product is sent for QC approval.
Step 8 After approval material is packed in requied pack sizes.

Example 4: Diafenthiuron 30%+Pyriproxyfen 10%+Bifenthrin 4% WDG (Water Dispersible Granules)
Composition Percent (w/w)
Diafenthiuron (96%) 31.77
Pyriproxyfen (95%) 11.05
Bifenthrin (95%) 4.42
Sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, formaldehyde condensate 3.00
Styrene acrylic polymer 5.00
Sodium Polycarboxylate 5.00
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 2.00
Silicone antifoam 5.00
Lactose anhydrous 3.00
Silicon dioxide 7.00
Sodium SulfateAnhydrous 7.80
Ureaformaldehyde 14.96
TOTAL 100.00

Procedure: As per example 3

Example 4: Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Pyriproxyfen 10%+Tolfenpyrad 9% WDG (Water Dispersible Granules)
Composition %
Diafenthiuron (96%) 39.38
Pyriproxyfen (95%) 11.05
Tolfenpyrad (98%) 9.48
Sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, formaldehyde condensate 3.00
Styrene acrylic polymer 5.00
Sodium Polycarboxylate 5.00
Blend of alkyl naphthalene sulphonate and anionic wetting agent 2.00
Silicone antifoam 1.00
Lactose anhydrous 5.00
Silicon dioxide 4.00
Citric acid, trisodium salt, dihydrate 2.50
Ureaformaldehyde 12.59
TOTAL 100.00

Procedure: As per example 3

Example 5: Diafenthiuron 24%+Pyriproxyfen 8%+Fipronil 4% SC (Suspension Concentrate)
Composition %
Diafenthiuron (96%) 25.52
Pyriproxyfen (95%) 8.65
Fipronil (97%) 4.32
Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohol 2.00
Ethylene oxide propylene oxide block copolymer 1.00
Acrylic graft copolymer 3.00
Alkylated naphtalene sulfonate, sodium salt 1.00
Bentonite Clay 2.00
Silicone antifoam 1.00
Benzisothiazoline 0.35
Glycol 5.00
Polysaccharides 0.15
D.M. Water 46.01
TOTAL 100.00

Procedure:
Step 1 Gum Solution should be made 12-18 hour prior to use. Take required quantity of water, biocide, and defoamer and homogenize, then slowly add gum powder to it and stir till complete dissolution.
Step 2 Charge required quantity of DM water need to be taken in designated vessel for Flowable concentrate/ Suspension concentrate/ Flowable slurry production.
Step 3 Add required quantity of Wetting agent, dispersing agent & suspending agents, colourant/deye and homogenize the contents for 45 – 60 minutes using high shear homogenizer.
Step 4 Then add technical and other remaining adjuvants excluding ‘antifreeze & thickeners’ are added to it and homogenized to get uniform slurry ready for grinding.
Step 5 Before grinding half the quantity of antifoam was added and then material was subjected to three cycles of grinding in Dyno mill.
Step 6 Half quantity of the antifoam was added along with antifreeze after grinding process completes and before sampling for in process analysis.
Step 7 Finally add gum solution to this formulation and send to QC for quality check

Example 6: Storage stability data
6.1: Storage stability Study-Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Pyriproxyfen 10%+Bifenthrin 8% WP (Wettable Powder)
Parameters Specification Initial Heat stability at 54+2 0C for 14 days Cold storage stability at 0+2 0C for 14 days
Description Off-white powder Complies Complies Complies
Diafenthiuron content 35.625 to 39.375 37.8 37.2 37.8
Pyriproxyfen content 9.5 to 10.5 10.3 9.8 10.3
Bifenthrin content 7.6 to 8.4 8.2 7.9 8.2
Diafenthiuron suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
Bifenthrin suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 99.6 99.5
Bulk Density 0.45-0.85 0.5 0.5 0.5
Moisture Content Max 2.0% 1.5 1.5 1.5

Room temperature storage data
Parameters Specification Study Duration
1 month 6 month 12 months 24 months
Description Off-white powder Complies Complies Complies Complies
Diafenthiuron content 35.625 to 39.375 37.8 37.8 37.6 37.2
Pyriproxyfen content 9.5 to 10.5 10.3 10.3 10.1 9.8
Bifenthrin content 7.6 to 8.4 8.2 8.2 8 7.9
Diafenthiuron suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
Bifenthrin suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 99.6 99.6 99.6
Bulk Density 0.45-0.85 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Moisture Content Max 2.0% 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

6.2: Storage stability Study-Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Pyriproxyfen 10%+Flonicamid 8% WP (Wettable Powder)
Parameters Specification Initial Heat stability at 54+2 0C for 14 days Cold storage stability at 0+2 0C for 14 days
Description Off-white powder Complies Complies Complies
Diafenthiuron content 35.625 to 39.375 37.8 37.2 37.8
Pyriproxyfen content 9.5 to 10.5 10.3 9.8 10.3
Flonicamid content 7.6 to 8.4 8.2 7.9 8.2
Diafenthiuron suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
Flonicamid suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 99.6 99.5
Bulk Density 0.45-0.85 0.5 0.5 0.5
Moisture Content Max 2.0% 1.5 1.5 1.5

Room temperature storage data
Parameters Specification Study Duration
1 month 6 month 12 months 24 months
Description Off-white powder Complies Complies Complies Complies
Diafenthiuron content 35.625 to 39.375 37.8 37.8 37.5 37.2
Pyriproxyfen content 9.5 to 10.5 10.3 10.3 10.1 9.8
Flonicamid content 7.6 to 8.4 8.2 8.2 8.1 7.9
Diafenthiuron suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
Flonicamid suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 99.6 99.6 99.6
Bulk Density 0.45-0.85 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Moisture Content Max 2.0% 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

6.3: Storage stability Study-Diafenthiuron 30%+Pyriproxyfen 10%+Bifenthrin 4% WDG (Water Dispersible Granules)
Parameters Specification Initial Heat stability at 54+2 0C for 14 days Cold storage stability at 0+2 0C for 14 days
Description Beige coloured granules Complies Complies Complies
Diafenthiuron content 28.5 to 31.5 30.5 30.3 30.5
Pyriproxyfen content 9.5 to 10.5 10.3 9.9 10.3
Bifenthrin content 3.8 to 4.4 4.2 4 4.2
Diafenthiuron suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
Bifenthrin suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 99.6 99.5
Bulk Density 0.45-0.85 0.5 0.5 0.5
Moisture Content Max 2.0% 1.5 1.5 1.5

Room temperature storage data
Parameters Specification Study Duration
1 month 6 month 12 months 24 months
Description Beige coloured granules Complies Complies Complies Complies
Diafenthiuron content 28.5 to 31.5 30.5 30.5 30.4 30.3
Pyriproxyfen content 9.5 to 10.5 10.3 10.3 10.1 9.9
Bifenthrin content 3.8 to 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.1 4
Diafenthiuron suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
Bifenthrin suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 99.6 99.6 99.6
Bulk Density 0.45-0.85 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Moisture Content Max 2.0% 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
6.4: Storage stability Study-Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Pyriproxyfen 10%+Fipronil 6% WDG (Water Dispersible Granules)
Parameters Specification Initial Heat stability at 54+2 0C for 14 days Cold storage stability at 0+2 0C for 14 days
Description Beige coloured granules Complies Complies Complies
Diafenthiuron content 35.625 to 39.375 37.8 37.2 37.8
Pyriproxyfen content 9.5 to 10.5 10.3 9.8 10.3
Fipronil content 5.7 to 6.6 6.3 6.1 6.3
Diafenthiuron suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
Fipronil suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 99.6 99.5
Bulk Density 0.45-0.85 0.5 0.5 0.5
Moisture Content Max 2.0% 1.5 1.5 1.5

Room temperature storage data
Parameters Specification Study Duration
1 month 6 month 12 months 24 months
Description Beige coloured granules Complies Complies Complies Complies
Diafenthiuron content 35.625 to 39.375 37.8 37.2 37.5 37.2
Pyriproxyfen content 9.5 to 10.5 10.3 10.3 10.1 9.8
Fipronil content 5.7 to 6.6 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.1
Diafenthiuron suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
Fipronil suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 99.6 99.6 99.6
Bulk Density 0.45-0.85 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Moisture Content Max 2.0% 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
6.5: Storage stability Study-Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Pyriproxyfen 10%+Tolfenpyrad 9% WDG (Water Dispersible Granules)
Parameters Specification Initial Heat stability at 54+2 0C for 14 days Cold storage stability at 0+2 0C for 14 days
Description Beige coloured granules Complies Complies Complies
Diafenthiuron content 35.625 to 39.375 37.8 37.2 37.8
Pyriproxyfen content 9.5 to 10.5 10.3 9.8 10.3
Tolfenpyrad content 8.55 to 9.9 9.4 9.1 9.4
Diafenthiuron suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
Tolfenpyrad suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 99.6 99.5
Bulk Density 0.45-0.85 0.5 0.5 0.5
Moisture Content Max 2.0% 1.5 1.5 1.5

Room temperature storage data
Parameters Specification Study Duration
1 month 6 month 12 months 24 months
Description Beige coloured granules Complies Complies Complies Complies
Diafenthiuron content 35.625 to 39.375 37.8 37.8 37.5 37.2
Pyriproxyfen content 9.5 to 10.5 10.3 10.3 10.2 9.8
Tolfenpyrad content 8.55 to 9.9 9.4 9.4 9.25 9.1
Diafenthiuron suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
Tolfenpyrad suspensibility Mini 70% 95 95 95 95
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 99.6 99.6 99.6
Bulk Density 0.45-0.85 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Moisture Content Max 2.0% 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
6.6: Storage stability Study-Diafenthiuron 24%+Pyriproxyfen 8%+Fipronil 4% SC (Suspension Concentrate)
Parameters Specification Initial Heat stability at 54+2 0C for 14 days Cold storage stability at 0+2 0C for 14 days
Description coloured liquid Complies Complies Complies
Diafenthiuron content 22.8 to 25.2 24.5 24.1 24.5
Pyriproxyfen content 7.6 to 8.4 8.3 8 8.3
Fipronil content 3.8 to 4.4 4.2 3.9 4.2
Diafenthiuron suspensibility Mini 80% 99 98 99
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility Mini 80% 99 98 99
Fipronil suspensibility Mini 80% 98 98 99
pH 5.0-9.0 6.5 6.5 6.5
Particle size D50 <3, D90 <10 2.5, 8 2.5, 8 2.9, 8.9
Pourability 95 % min 97 96 97
Specific gravity 1.05 – 1.15 1.1 1.1 1.1
Viscosity 350 -900 cps 500 510 530

Room temperature storage data
Parameters Specification Study Duration
1 month 6 month 12 months 24 months
Description coloured liquid Complies Complies Complies Complies
Diafenthiuron content 22.8 to 25.2 24.5 24.5 24.3 24.1
Pyriproxyfen content 7.6 to 8.4 8.3 8.3 8.1 8
Fipronil content 3.8 to 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.1 3.9
Diafenthiuron suspensibility Mini 80% 99 98 98 98
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility Mini 80% 99 99 99 99
Fipronil suspensibility Mini 80% 98 98 98 98
pH 5.0-9.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
Particle size D50 <3, D90 <10 2.5, 8 2.5, 8 2.5, 8 2.5, 8
Pourability 95 % min 97 97 97 97
Specific gravity 1.05 – 1.15 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Viscosity 350 -900 cps 500 500 500 500

Example 7: Field efficacy trials
Trial 1
The sucking pests viz., leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida), aphid, Aphis gossypii (Glover), whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and thrips, Thrips tabaci (Linnman) cause severe damage and serious threat to many field crops at early stage and can also affect the crop stand and yield. Some sucking pests are cosmopolitan, polyphagous, widely distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions and are also vectors for a number of viral diseases in large number of plants.
The field trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of innovative mixtures of Diafenthiuron, Pyriproxyfen and one more insecticide against sucking pests in cotton crop. Trial was conducted with randomized block design with net plot size of 7m x 7m. Cotton crop was raised with all standard agronomic practices. Spraying was done with manual operated back pack sprayer with 500 liter of water spray volume per hectare at 60 days after sowing. The observations was recorded by counting the no. of sucking insects (whitefly adult and nymph, Jassid and thrips) per leaf, three leaves per plant and five plants per plot. The observations were recorded at before spraying, 10 DAA (Days after application). The percent insect control was worked out by below formula:
Number of insect in treated plot
% Insect Control = ------------------------------------------------- x 100
Number of insects in untreated plot

Table 1: Sucking pests control in Cotton
Compositions Dose (gram active per hectare) % Insect Control at 10 DAA
Whitefly Thrips Jassid
Adults Nymphs
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Pyriproxyfen 10%+Acetamiprid 3% WP 281.25+75+22.5 88.76 94.16 85.18 86.32
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Pyriproxyfen 10%+Bifenthrin 8% WP 281.25+75+60 90.83 98.23 93.28 91.58
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Pyriproxyfen 10%+Fipronil 6% WDG 281.25+75+45 87.18 97.84 95.27 89.65
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Pyriproxyfen 10%+Flonicamid 8% WP 281.25+75+60 88.28 96.57 88.28 88.36
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Pyriproxyfen 10%+Spirotetramat 9% WP 281.25+75+67.5 87.62 95.35 90.67 87.17
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Pyriproxyfen 10%+Tolfenpyrad 9% WDG 281.25+75+67.5 89.18 97.26 96.28 92.64
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Pyriproxyfen 10% WP 281.25+75 80.66 88.72 70.64 75.26
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Acetamiprid 3% WP 281.25+22.5 68.27 68.83 71.20 70.92
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Bifenthrin 8% WP 281.25+60 64.92 64.68 75.26 76.27
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Fipronil 6% WDG 281.25+45 67.83 66.26 77.72 71.82
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Flonicamid 8% WP 281.25+60 63.48 64.18 72.82 73.18
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Spirotetramat 9% WP 281.25+67.5 66.28 61.26 73.18 72.63
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Tolfenpyrad 9% WDG 281.25+67.5 62.18 62.58 79.28 79.62
Pyriproxyfen 10%+Acetamiprid 3% WP 75+22.5 52.83 85.52 62.18 58.49
Pyriproxyfen 10%+Bifenthrin 8% WP 75+60 55.73 87.28 66.28 65.82
Pyriproxyfen 10%+Fipronil 6% WDG 75+45 56.92 86.92 67.62 64.27
Pyriproxyfen 10%+Flonicamid 8% WP 75+60 54.38 84.37 63.76 61.72
Pyriproxyfen 10%+Spirotetramat 9% WP 75+67.5 50.27 80.64 65.18 60.28
Pyriproxyfen 10%+Tolfenpyrad 9% WDG 75+67.5 58.38 80.84 68.82 66.82
Diafenthiuron 37.5% WP 281.25 42.38 55.62 28.73 18.26
Pyriproxyfen 10% WP 75 38.27 60.72 26.16 16.36
Acetamiprid 3% WP 22.5 18.26 18.62 26.46 20.18
Bifenthrin 8% WP 60 29.37 42.18 39.62 42.64
Fipronil 6% WDG 45 27.30 36.62 48.28 28.38
Flonicamid 8% WP 60 24.18 22.84 42.84 40.22
Spirotetramat 9% WP 67.5 25.73 21.86 38.72 24.64
Tolfenpyrad 9% WDG 67.5 28.64 26.64 50.16 55.28

WDG- Water Dispersible Granules, WP Wettable Powder, DAA Days after Application

The trial results shows excellent efficacy of Diafenthiuron+Pyriproxyfen combinations with any one insecticide from Acetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Fipronil, Flonicamid, Spirotetramat and Tolfenpyrad against Whitefly nymphs and adult, Thrips and Jassid. The solo application as well as the combination of any two active ingredients tested here, were also not able to provide satisfactory control of sucking pests complex. The combination of Diafenthiuron+Pyriproxyfen with any one insecticide selected from Acetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Fipronil, Flonicamid, Spirotetramat and Tolfenpyrad found very promising against whitefly nymphs in terms of efficacy as well as residual control.
Trial 2
The pot experiment was conducted on Brinjal Solanum melongena to study the synergism between Diafenthiuron+Pyriproxyfen+Bifenthrin. The required concentration of insecticide combination was sprayed on brinjal crop with hand operated knapsack sprayer using 500 liter water volume. The number of insects, whitefly were counted per leaf, 3 leaves per plant and five plants per treatment and % whitefly morality was counted at 7 days after spray by below formula

Number of insect in treated plot
% Insect Control = ------------------------------------------------- x 100
Number of insects in untreated plot

After calculating % Insect control, the synergism was calculated by below formula:
The synergistic pesticidal action of the inventive mixtures calculated by Colby’s formula asfollows:
E = [A + B + C]- [{AB}+{BC}+{AC}] / 100 + [ {ABC}/10000]

in which, E = Expected percentage of Insecticidal or fungicidal control for the combination of three active ingredients, A is the percentage of insecticidal or fungicidal control observed by active ingredient I at defined dose, B is the percentage of insecticidal or fungicidal control observed by Active Ingredient II at defined dose, C is the percentage of insecticidal or fungicidal control observed by Active Ingredient III at defined dose. When the percentage of insecticidal or fungicidal control observed for the combination is greater than the expected percentage, there is a synergistic effect. (Ratio of O/E > 1, means synergism observed.)

Table 2: Whitefly Mortality
Compositions Dose (g or ml/l water) % Whitefly mortality
Obs.Value Cal.Value Ratio
Diafenthiuron 50% WP 1 60.50
Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 2 42.64
Bifenthrin 10% EC 1.5 33.75
Diafenthiuron 50% WP+ Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1+2 66.82 77.34 0.86
Diafenthiuron 50% WP+ Bifenthrin 10% EC 1+1.5 57.93 73.83 0.78
Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Bifenthrin 10% EC 2+1.5 54.26 62.00 0.88
Diafenthiuron 50% WP+Pyriproxyfen10% EC+Bifenthrin 10% EC 1+2+1.5 96.62 84.99 1.14
The combination of Diafenthiuron+Pyriproxyfen+Bifenthrin shows synergistic activity against whitefly.
Trial 3
The chilly crop was raised in pot as per the standard normal agronomic practices and allowed to build the Thrips population. The required concentration of insecticide combination was sprayed on Chilly crop with hand operated knapsack sprayer using 500 liter water volume. The numbers of insects, Thrips were counted per twig, 5 twigs per plant and five plants per treatment and % Thrips morality was counted at 7 days after spray by formula given in Example 1.
The synergistic activity also studied by calculating the Colby’s formula as given in Example 2.
Table 3: % Control, Scirtothrips dorsalis
Compositions Dose (g or ml/l water) % Thrips Mortality
Obs.Value Cal.Value Ratio
Diafenthiuron 50% WP 1 40.84
Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 2 36.74
Fipronil 5% SC 1.5 60.86
Diafenthiuron 50% WP+ Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1+2 51.67 62.58 0.83
Diafenthiuron 50% WP+ Fipronil 5% SC 1+1.5 62.35 76.84 0.81
Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Fipronil 5% SC 2+1.5 64.72 75.24 0.86
Diafenthiuron 50% WP+Pyriproxyfen10% EC+Fipronil 5% SC 1+2+1.5 95.26 85.35 1.12

The field experiment data shows that the combination of Diafenthiuron+Pyriproxyfen+Fipronil shows synergistic activity against Thrips.
Trial 4
To study the residual control of these innovations, a field experiment was carried out on Brinjal crop. The crop was raised with all standard agronomic practices and whitefly Bemisia tabaci population allowed to build up naturally. The foliar application was done with manually operated knap sack sprayer by calculating water volume 500 liter per hectare. The whitefly population counts were recorded before application and 5, 10, 15 and 20 days application from 3 leaves per plant and 5 plants per plot. The percent whitefly control was calculated as per the formula given in Example 1. The data was presented in table below.
Table 4: Residual control of Whitefly Bemisia tabaci on Brinjal Solanum melongena
Compositions Dose (gram active per hectare) Residual control of Whitefly (%)
5 DAA 10 DAA 15 DAA 20 DAA
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Pyriproxyfen 10%+Acetamiprid 3% WP 281.25+75+22.5 92.86 88.62 82.12 80.84
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Pyriproxyfen 10%+Bifenthrin 8% WP 281.25+75+60 98.86 96.82 93.10 90.24
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Pyriproxyfen 10%+Fipronil 6% WDG 281.25+75+45 94.26 92.62 84.96 81.52
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Pyriproxyfen 10%+Flonicamid 8% WP 281.25+75+60 96.84 93.12 88.84 85.64
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Pyriproxyfen 10%+Spirotetramat 9% WP 281.25+75+67.5 95.34 91.72 84.26 82.14
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Pyriproxyfen 10%+Tolfenpyrad 9% WDG 281.25+75+67.5 97.12 95.24 91.26 88.92
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Pyriproxyfen 10% WP 281.25+75 86.28 80.80 76.62 72.86
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Acetamiprid 3% WP 281.25+22.5 72.38 56.70 46.92 41.28
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Bifenthrin 8% WP 281.25+60 84.86 78.66 72.44 68.56
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Fipronil 6% WDG 281.25+45 74.72 60.60 52.80 44.64
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Flonicamid 8% WP 281.25+60 80.84 73.18 66.34 58.74
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Spirotetramat 9% WP 281.25+67.5 78.64 70.60 62.58 50.28
Diafenthiuron 37.5%+Tolfenpyrad 9% WDG 281.25+67.5 82.64 72.80 66.78 52.40
Pyriproxyfen 10%+Acetamiprid 3% WP 75+22.5 74.82 49.62 39.42 12.60
Pyriproxyfen 10%+Bifenthrin 8% WP 75+60 72.60 51.20 40.58 8.92
Pyriproxyfen 10%+Fipronil 6% WDG 75+45 73.62 55.72 42.66 10.42
Pyriproxyfen 10%+Flonicamid 8% WP 75+60 71.08 60.28 40.88 12.36
Pyriproxyfen 10%+Spirotetramat 9% WP 75+67.5 70.76 61.92 42.80 18.72
Pyriproxyfen 10%+Tolfenpyrad 9% WDG 75+67.5 71.96 66.82 46.38 24.84
Diafenthiuron 37.5% WP 281.25 62.30 40.26 4.26 0.00
Pyriproxyfen 10% WP 75 43.82 33.48 2.64 0.00
Acetamiprid 3% WP 22.5 26.40 5.82 0.00 0.00
Bifenthrin 8% WP 60 33.66 16.82 0.00 0.00
Fipronil 6% WDG 45 16.80 2.64 0.00 0.00
Flonicamid 8% WP 60 28.48 10.52 0.00 0.00
Spirotetramat 9% WP 67.5 30.26 13.52 0.00 0.00
Tolfenpyrad 9% WDG 67.5 18.82 6.62 3.62 0.00
WDG- Water Dispersible Granules, WP Wettable Powder, DAA Days after Application

The field trial results shows that all these innovative combinations of Diafenthiuron with Pyriproxyfen with one more insecticides shows longer duration of whitefly control compared to their individual as well as their two active ingredient combinations.
,CLAIMS:We claim;

[Claim 1]. A pesticidal composition comprising (A) Diafenthiuron (B) Pyriproxyfen (C) at least one insecticide selected from group Acetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Fipronil, Flonicamid, Spirotetramat and Tolfenpyrad and one or more customary formulation adjuvants.
[Claim 2]. The pesticidal compositionaccording to claim 1, wherein(A) Diafenthiuron is in the range 0.1 to 40%;(B) Pyriproxyfen is in the range 0.1 to 30 %; (C) Insecticide is in the range 0.1 to 20% by weight and atleast one or more adjuvants.
[Claim 3]. The pesticidal compositionaccording to claim 1 or 2, wherein inactive excipients can be selected from the group consisting of dispersant, anti-freezing agent, anti-foam agent, wetting agent, suspension aid, anti-microbial agent, thickener, quick coating agent or sticking agents and buffering agent.
[Claim 4]. The pesticidal composition according to claims 1-3 wherein formulation is selected from Suspension Concentrate (SC), Water dispersible granules (WDG) and Wettable powders (WP).

[Claim 5]. The pesticidal composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition is applied as foliar spray with the help of manual operated knap sack sprayer, battery or power operated or machine or tractor operated sprayer with the spray volume of 250 to 750 liters per hectare.

[Claim 6]. The pesticidal composition according to claim 5 wherein the said composition is applied in an amount of from 100 to 3000 g or ml per hectare, preferablyfrom 500 to 1000 g or ml per hectare.

[Claim 7]. The pesticidal composition according to any preceding claims, wherein the said composition is be useful in Cotton (Gossypium spp.), Jute (Corchorus oliotorus), Paddy (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticum aestavum), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Maize (Zea mays), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Ragi (Eleusine coracana), Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) , Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris), Soybean (Glycin max), Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) , Mustard (Brassica juncea), Rape seed (Brassica napus), Linseed (Linum usitatissimum), Sesame (Sesamum indicum), Castor (Ricinus communis), Green gram (Vigna radiate), Black gram (Vigna mungo), Chickpea (Cicer aritinum), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Redgram (Cajanus cajan), Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Indian bean (Lablab purpureus), Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), Field pea (Pisum sativum), Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), Lentils (Lens culinaris), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) , Onion (Allium cepa L.), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicun) , Potato (Solanum tuberosum) , Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Chilly (Capsicum annum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), Muskmelons (Cucumis melo), Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), Radish (Raphanus sativus), Carrot (Dacus carota subsp. sativus), Turnip (Brassica rapa subsp rapa), Apple (Melus domestica), Banana (Musa spp.), Citrus groups (Citrus spp.), Grape (Vitis vinifera), Guava (Psidium guajava), Litchi (Litchi chinensis), Mango (Mangifera indica), Papaya (Carica papaya), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Pomegranate (Punica granatum) , Sapota (Manilkara zapota), Tea (Camellia sinensis), Coffea (Coffea Arabica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi), Psyllium (Plantago ovate), Black Pepper (Piper nigrum), Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), Safed musli (Chlorophytum tuberosum), Drum stick (Moringa oleifera), Coconut (Coco nucifera), Mentha ( Mentha spp.), Rose (Rosa spp.), Jasmine (Jasminum spp.), Marigold ( Tagetes spp.), Common daisy (Bellis perennis), Dahlia (Dahlia hortnesis), Gerbera ( Gerbera jamesonii), Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) and GMO derivatives thereof.

[Claim 8]. The pesticidal composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition is useful against insect Plutella xylostella, Liriomyza trifolii, Frankliniella occidentalis, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Thrips tabaci, Amrasca biguttula biguttula, Amrasca devastans, Amritodus atkinsoni, Aphis gossypii, Aphis crassivora, Bemisia argentifolii, Bemisia tabaci, Empoasca fabae, Nilaparvata lugens, Nephotettix virescens, Nephotettix nigropictus, Planococcus spp., Pseudococcus spp., Pyrilla perpusilla, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus telarius and Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Oligonychus pratensis, Polyphagotarsonemus latus.

[Claim 9]. The pesticidal compositionaccording to any proceeding claims, wherein the use of said compositionexhibits improvement in plant health, vigor and yield.