DESC:
FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 OF 1970)
&
The Patents Rules, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10; rule 13)

1. Title of the invention –PESTICIDAL COMPOSITIONS OF PYRACLOSTROBIN, INSECTICIDESAND FUNGICIDES

2. Applicant(s)

(a) NAME: GSP CROP SCIENCE PVT. LTD

(b) NATIONALITY: An Indian Company

(c) ADDRESS: 404, Lalita Complex, 352/3 Rasala Road, Navrangpura,
Ahmedabad-380009, Gujarat, India

3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION

The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION:

The present invention relates to pesticidal composition, comprising of Pyraclostrobin along with insecticides and fungicides. The present invention also relates to the method of preparing the composition, comprising of Pyraclostrobin along with insecticides and fungicides wherein the insecticide may be selected from Clothianidin, Imidacloprid, Fipronil, Thiamethoxam and the fungicide (s) may be selected from Tebuconazole and Thiram. The present invention also provides a method of controlling or preventing pathogenic damage or pest damage in a plant propagation material, a plant, parts of a plant and/or plant organs that grow at a later point in time with the use of the present pesticidal composition.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:

The control of phytopathogenic fungi is of great economic importance since fungal growth on plants or on parts of plants, e.g., fruits, blossoms, foliage, stems, tubers, roots, etc., inhibits production of foliage, fruit or seed and reduces the overall quantity and quality of the harvested crop. The continuous economic toll taken by phytopathogenic fungi establishes a continuing need to develop new, more effective fungicides which possess curative, preventative and systemic action to protect cultivated plants and the seeds from which they develop. Those requirements must be accomplished without any significant adverse side effects to the plants of the desired crops.

Pyraclostrobin (IUPAC name: methyl N-[2-[[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxymethyl]phenyl]-N-methoxycarbamate),Molecular Formula C19H18ClN3O4, Pyraclostrobin is prepared by reaction of 4-chlorophenylhydrazine with acrylate and oxygen to the pyrazole, alkylating with 2-nitrobenzyl chloride, catalytic hydrogenation to the hydroxylamine and subsequent reaction with methyl chloroformate and dimethyl sulfate. Pyraclostrobin is pure substance and odorless colorless solid. The technical product is a combustible yellow solid with a faint, aromatic odor, which is practically insoluble in water. In aqueous solution, in the dark it is at a pH of 4, 5 and 7 (25 ° C and 50 ° C) stable. It is a fungicide used and acts by inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. This leads to a reduction of the available ATP quantity in the fungal cell. Strobilurins are one of the most important classes of agricultural fungicide. Their invention was inspired by a group of fungicidally active natural products. The outstanding benefits they deliver are currently being utilized in a wide range of crops throughout the world.

Pyraclostrobin is an active compound for controlling phytopathogenic fungi first disclosed in WO 96/01256 and Herms, S., Seehaus, K., Koehle, H., and Conrath, U. (2002) Pyraclostrobin—“More than just a Fungicide” Phytomedizin 32: 17. Commercially available pyraclostrobin is an amorphous substance of low melting point. Owing to this property, commercially available pyraclostrobin is not suitable for preparing aqueous suspension concentrates (SC) in a conventional manner, since the grinding apparatus will get stuck during grinding as a result of the tackiness of the substance. For this reason, commercial preparation by conventional means of biologically and economically interesting mixed products of pyraclostrobin with other crop protection agents in the form of suspension concentrates has hitherto not been possible.

For this reason, pyraclostrobin is frequently formulated in the form of solvent-comprising emulsion concentrates or suspoemulsion concentrates or in the form of water-dispersible granules. However, emulsion concentrates and suspoemulsion concentrates comprise relatively large amounts of organic, water-immiscible solvents, for example aromatic hydrocarbons, so that these formulations are problematic both for environmental protection reasons and for work hygiene reasons. Moreover, in the case of pyraclostrobin suspoemulsion concentrates, active compound particles may separate off during storage under certain conditions.

WO 03082013 proposes the preparation of the active compound particles by applying a pyraclostrobin melt to a carrier material. Using the resulting adsorbates, suspension concentrates, into which mixing partners may also be introduced, can be prepared by customary processes. However, in these suspension concentrates, there may be an irreversible particle size increase of the dispersed active compound particles after some time, in particular on storage at elevated temperature. This has a pronounced negative effect on the quality of the product. Moreover, the process is relatively complicated since it requires additional materials and process steps.

For the reasons mentioned above there does a need to provide further formulation of combinations comprising Pyraclostrobin, and at least one Insecticide and at least one fungicide having synergistic pest control properties. This object is achieved according to the invention by providing the present formulation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:

Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a pesticidal composition comprising (A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides and one or more customary formulation adjuvants.

Accordingly, in a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of preparing the pesticidal composition of Pyroclostrobin along with Insecticides and Fungicides.

Accordingly, in a third aspect, the present invention provides a method of protecting a plant propagation material, a plant, parts of a plant and/or plant organs that grow at a later point in time against pathogenic damage or pest damage by applying to the plant propagation material a composition comprising a pesticidal composition defined in the first aspect.

Accordingly, in a fourth aspect the said pesticidal composition is to be developed in suitable formulations selected from Flowable Slurry (FS), Flowable Suspension(FS), Suspension Concentrate (SC),Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible granules (WDG) and Wettable powders (WP) comprising (A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides and one or more customary formulation adjuvants such as a) dispersant b) wetting agent c) anti foaming agent d) biocides e) anti freezing agent f) suspending agent g)thickener h) coating agent and i) buffering agent.

As per one embodiment the pesticidal composition is selected from Flowable Slurry (FS), Flowable Suspension (FS), Suspension Concentrate (SC), Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible granules (WDG) and Wettable powders (WP).

Accordingly, in a further aspect of the present invention is containing the pesticide composition of (A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides wherein insecticide may be selected from Clothianidin, Imidacloprid, Fipronil, Thiamethoxam and fungicide (s) may be selected from Tebuconazole and Thiram.

According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a stable aqueous formulation comprising from 0.1 to 20% Pyraclostrobin; 1 to 80 % Insecticides; 0.05 to 20% fungicides by weight of active ingredients, optional formulation also contains at least one Biocide, dispersant and thickener (or agent of suspension).

The remainder of the aqueous formulation is preferably wholly water but may comprise other materials, such as inorganic salts. The formulation is preferably, completely free from organic solvents.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
This invention relates to a pesticidal composition for protecting plants, e.g., seeds of such economically important crops as cotton, peanuts, soybeans, and the like, from phytopathogenic fungi, e.g., such genera of the classes Ascomycetes (e.g. Penicillium, Gaeumannomyces graminisVenturia, Podosphaera, Erysiphe, Monilinia, Mycosphaerella, Uncinula); Basidiomycetes (e.g. the genus Hemileia, Rhizoctonia, Puccinia, Ustilago, Tilletia); Fungi imperfecti (also known as Deuteromycetes; e.g. Botrytis, Helminthosporium, Rhynchosporium, Fusarium, Septoria, Cercospora, Altemaria, Pyricularia and Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides); Oomycetes (e.g. Phytophthora, Peronospora, Pseudoperonospora, Albugo, Bremia, Pythium, Pseudosclerospora, Plasmopara) ; Zygomycetes (Rhizopus species) and so forth. More particularly, the invention herein concerns a composition containing the endospores of a microorganism capable of providing protection from phytopathogenic fungi and a chemical fungicide which is toxic to the microorganism.
One typical problem arising in the field of pest control lies in the need to reduce the dosage rates of the active ingredient in order to reduce or avoid unfavorable environmental or toxicological effects whilst still allowing effective pest and pathogen control.

Another problem encountered concerns the need to have available pest control agents which are effective against a broad spectrum of pests and pathogens.

Another problem underlying the present invention is the desire for compositions that improve plants, a process which is commonly and hereinafter referred to as “plant health”. For example, advantageous properties that may be mentioned are improved crop characteristics including: emergence, crop yields, protein content, more developed root system (improved root growth), tillering increase, increase in plant height, bigger leaf blade, less dead basal leaves, stronger tillers, greener leaf color, pigment content, photosynthetic activity, less fertilizers needed, less seeds needed, more productive tillers, earlier lowering, early grain maturity, less plant verse (lodging), increased shoot growth, enhanced plant vigor, increased plant stand and early germination; or any other advantages familiar to a person skilled in the art.

The invention further more relates to plant-protecting active ingredient mixtures having synergistically enhanced action and to a method of improving the health of plants by applying said composition to the plants or the locus thereof, for example a plant or a plant propagation material, that is infested or liable to be infested by fungi with the pesticides present in a inventive mixture in any desired sequence or simultaneously, that is, jointly or separately.

Advantageous invention relates to a composition of (A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides in ratios by weight of the active ingredients are 0.1 to 20% Pyraclostrobin; 1 to 80 % Insecticides; 0.05 to 20% fungicides, wherein insecticide may be selected from Clothianidin, Imidacloprid, Fipronil, Thiamethoxam and fungicide (s) may be selected from Tebuconazole and Thiram.

The novel active ingredient composition has very advantageous curative, preventive and systemic fungicidal properties for protecting cultivated plants. As has been mentioned, said active ingredient composition can be used to inhibit or destroy the pathogens that occur on plants or parts of plants (fruit, blossoms, leaves, stems, tubers, roots) of different crops or useful plants, while at the same time those parts of plants which grow later are also protected from attack by such pathogens. Active ingredient composition has the special advantage of being highly active against diseases in the soil that mostly occur in the early stages of plant development.

Specifically, the compositions of (A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides are suitable for controlling to control Seed and soil borne fungal diseases, foliar diseases in many agricultural, horticultural and forestry crops. It controlled following fungal species Albugo spp. (white rust) on ornamentals, vegetables (e. g. A. candida) and sunflowers (e. g. A. tragopogonis); Alternaria specie on vegetables, fruit, cereals, oilseed and pulses, Alternaria solani and Alternaria alternate on tomato, potato, chillies; Ascochyta species in pulse crops; Aspergillus species (A. niger, A. flavus, A. funigatus) on Groundnut, Soybean, Oilseeds and Pulses, Maize, Wheat and other cereals; Bipolaris and Drechslera species on cereals, maize, rice and turf; Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew) on cereals; Botrytis cinerea (gray mold) in vegetables, ornamentals, strawberries, tomatoes, sunflower and grapes; Ceratocystis spp. (rot or wilt) on fruit trees, Cercospora spp. (Cercospora leaf spots) on corn, rice, sugar beets (e. g. C. beticola), sugar cane, vegetables, coffee, soybeans (e. g. C. sojina or C. kikuchii) and rice; Cercospora arachidicola in groundnuts; Cladosporium spp. on tomatoes (e. g. C. fulvum: leaf mold) and cereals, e. g. C. herbarum (black ear) on wheat; Claviceps purpurea (ergot) on cereals; Cochliobolus sativus in cereals; Colletotrichum species in cotton, vegetables, pulse crops, oilseeds, Colletotrichum capsici on chillies; Corticium spp. on Rice, Corynespora spp. on soybeans and ornamentals, Didymella species on various plants; Erysiphe cichoracearum and Sphaerotheca fuliginea on cucurbits, Erysiphe graminis in cereals; Fusarium graminearum in cereals and maize; Fusarium culmorum in cereals; Fusarium solani in cotton and vegetables; Fusarium spp. in cotton, soybean and potatoes; Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium proliferatum in maize; Fusarium and Mycosphaerella species on cereals, bananas, peanuts and soybean; Gaumannomyces graminis in cereals and lawns; Giberella fujikuroi in rice; Helminthosporium maydis in maize; Helminthosporium oryzae in rice; Helminthosporium solani on potatoes; Hemileia vastatrix on coffee; Macrophomina phaseolina on Soybean, Groundnut, Pulses and Oilseeds; Microdochium nivale in wheat and rye; Monilinia fructicola on stone fruits; Monilinia fructigena on fruits; Monilinia laxa on stone fruits; Mycosphaerella pinoides in peas; Penicillium digitatum on citrus; Penicillium expansum on apples; and Penicillium italicum on citrus; Phakopsara pachyrhizi and Phakopsara meibomiae on soybeans and pulses; Phragmidium mucronatum in roses; Phoma spp. in sugarbeet; Phoma exigua in potatoes; Phytophthora aphanidermatum in Tobacco, Chillies, Tomato, Phytophthora sojae in Soybean and Pulses; Plasmopara halstedii in sunflowers; Pyrenophora graminea in barley; Pyricularia oryzae in rice; Plasmopara viticola on grapevines; Podosphaera leucotricha on apples; Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides on wheat and barley, Pseudoperonospora species on hops and cucumbers; Puccinia species on cereals, Pyricularia oryzae on rice; Pythium spp. in cereals, cotton, maize and soybean; Pythium spp. (damping-off) on turf, rice, corn, wheat, cotton, rape, sunflowers, soybeans, sugar beets, vegetables and various other plants (e. g. P. ultimum or P. aphani- dermatum); Ramularia spp., e. g. R. collo-cygni (Ramularia leaf spots, Physiological leaf spots) on barley and R. beticola on sugar beets; Rhizoctonia spp. on cotton, rice, potatoes, turf, corn, rape, potatoes, sugar beets, vegetables and various other plants, e. g. Rhizoctonia solani (root and stem rot) on cotton, chillies, tomatoes, soybeans, R. solani (sheath blight) on rice or R. cerealis (Rhizoctonia spring blight) on wheat or barley; Sclerotinia spp. (stem rot or white mold) on vegetables and field crops, such as rape, sunflowers (e. g. S. sclerotiorum); Sclerotium rolfsii on soybeans, groundnut, potato, tomato, chillies; Septoria spp. on various plants, e.g. S. glycines (brown spot) on soybeans, S. tritici (Septoria blotch) on wheat and S. (syn. Stagonospora) nodorum (Stagonospora blotch) on cereals, Septoria tritici and Stagonospora nodorum on wheat, Setospaeria spp. (leaf blight) on corn (e.g. S. turcicum, syn. Helminthosporium turcicum) and turf, Sphacelotheca spp. (smut) on corn, (e.g. S. reiliana: head smut), sorghum und sugar cane, Sphaerotheca fuliginea (powdery mildew) on cucurbits, Spongospora subterranea (powdery scab) on potatoes and thereby transmitted viral diseases, Stagonospora spp. on cereals, e.g. S.nodorum (Stagonospora blotch, teleomorph: Leptosphaeria [syn. Phaeosphaeria] nodorum) on wheat, Synchytrium endobioticum on potatoes (potato wart disease), Sphacelotheca reilliana in maize; Tilletia species in cereals; Typhula incarnata in barley; Thielaviopsis species on various plants; Uncinula necator, Guignardia bidwellii and Phomopsis viticola in vines; Urocystis occulta in rye; Ustilago species on cereals, maize and sugar cane ; Venturia species (scab) on apples and pears; Verticillium spp. (wilt) on various plants, such as fruits and ornamentals, vines, soft fruits, vegetables and field crops, e. g. V. dahliae on straw- berries, rape, potatoes and tomatoes.

The compositions of (A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides are also suitable for controlling against many phytophagous insects pests likes; Aphid, Jassid, Thrips, Mealybugs, Scales, Leaf miner, Gall midges, shootfly, stemfly, stemborer, root borer, fruitborer. It controls insects pests from the following orders: Lepidoptera, for example Agrotis ypsilon, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Chilo partellus, Cnaphalocrosis medinalis, Cydia pomonella, Diaphania nitidalis, , Earias insulana, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Heliothis armigera, Heliothis virescens, Heliothis zea, Hellula undalis, Hyphantria cunea, Hyponomeuta malinellus, Leucoptera coffeella, Leucoptera scitella, Ostrinia nubilalis, Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Peridroma saucia, Phalera bucephala, Phthorimaea operculella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris bras-sicae, Plutella xylostella, Sitotroga cerealella, Sesamia inferans, Sparganothis pilleriana, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera litura, Thaumatopoea pityocampa, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusia ni, beetles (Coleoptera), for example Agrilus sinuatus, Agriotes lineatus, Agriotes obscu-rus, Amphimallus solstitialis, Anisandrus dispar, Anthonomus grandis, Anthonomus pomorum, Aphthona euphoridae, Apogonia aerea, Athous haemorrhoidalis, Atomaria linearis, Blasto-phagus piniperda, Blitophaga undata, Brahmina coriacea , Bruchus rufimanus, Bruchus pisorum, Bruchus lentis, Byctiscus betulae, Cassida nebulosa, Cerotoma trifurcata, Cetonia aurata, Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Ceuthorrhynchus napi, Chaetocnema tibialis, Conoderus vespertinus, Crioceris asparagi, Ctenicera ssp., Diabrotica longicornis, Diabrotica semipunctata, Diabrotica 12-punctata Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica virgifera, Epila-chna varivestis, Epitrix hirtipennis, Eutinobothrus brasiliensis, White grub species, Holotrichia consanguinea , Holotrichia serrata, Holotrichia longipennis, Hylobius abietis, Hypera brunneipennis, Hypera postica, Ips typographus, Lema bilineata, Lema melanopus, Lepidiota stigma, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Limonius califomicus, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Melanotus communis, Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha hippocastani, Melolontha melolontha, Oberea (Obereopsis) brevis, Oulema oryzae, Ortiorrhynchus sulcatus, Otiorrhynchus ovatus, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllobius pyri, Phyllotreta chrysocephala, Phyllophaga sp., Phyllopertha horticola, Phyllotreta nemorum, Phyllotreta striolata, Popillia japonica, Sitona lineatus and Sito-philus gran aria, flies, (Diptera), e.g. Atherigona orientalis, Atherigona soccata, Athalia lugen proxima, Dacus cucurbi-tae, Dacus oleae, Glossina palpalis, Haematobia irritans, Haplodiplosis equestris, Hippelates spp., Hylemyia platura, Hypoderma lineata, Leptoconops torrens, Leaf miner, Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza trifolii, Lucilia caprina, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia sericata, Lycoria pectoralis, Mansonia titillanus, Mayetiola destructor, Oscinella frit, Phorbia brassicae, Prosimulium mixtum, Rhagoletis cerasi, Sarcophaga sp., Simulium vittatum, Stomoxys calcitrans, Tabanus bovinus, Tabanus atratus, Tabanus lineola, and Tabanus similis, Tipula ol-eracea, and Tipula paludosa, thrips (Thysanoptera), e.g. Dichromothrips corbetti, Dichromothrips ssp , Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella tritici, Scirtothrips citri, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Thrips oryzae, Thrips palmi and Thrips tabaci, termites (Isoptera), e.g. Calotermes flavicollis, Coptotermes formosanus, Heterotermes aureus, Leucotermes flavipes, Microtermes spp., Odontotermes, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes virginicus, Reticulitermes lucifugus and Termes natalensis; true bugs (Hemiptera), e.g. Acrosternum hilare, Amrasca biguttula biguttula, Amrasca devastans, Blissus leucopterus, Dysdercus cingulatus, Eurygaster integriceps, Euschistus impictiventris, Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygus lineolaris, Lygus pratensis, Nezara viridu-la, Piesma quadrata, Solubea insularis , Thyanta perditor, Acyrthosiphon onobrychis, Adelges laricis, Aphidula nasturtii, Aphis fabae, Aphis forbesi, Aphis pomi, Aphis gossypii, Aphis crassivora, Aphis grossulariae, Aphis schneideri, Aphis spiraecola, Aphis sambuci, Acyrtho-siphon pisum, Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia argentifolii, Bemisia tabaci, Brachycaudus cardui, Brachy-caudus helichrysi, Brachycaudus persicae, Brachycaudus prunicola, Brevicoryne brassicae, Capitophorus horni, Cerosipha gossypii, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Cryptomyzus ribis, Dreyfusia nordmannianae, Dreyfusia piceae, Dysaphis radicola, Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani, Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysaphis pyri, Empoasca fabae, Hyalopterus pruni, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Macrosiphum avenae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Ma-crosiphon rosae, Megoura viciae, Melanaphis pyrarius, Metopolophium dirhodum, My-zus persicae, Myzus ascalonicus, Myzus cerasi, Myzus varians, Nasonovia ribis-nigri, Nilaparvata lugens, Pemphigus bursarius, Perkinsiella saccharicida, Phorodon humuli, Psylla mail, Psylla piri, Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosi-phum padi, Rhopalosiphum insertum, Sappaphis mala, Sappaphis mail, Schizaphis graminum, Schizoneura lanuginosa, Sitobion avenae, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Toxoptera aurantiia d, Viteus vitifolii, Cimex lectularius, Cimex hemipterus, Reduvius senilis, Triatoma spp., and Arilus critatus, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Amrasca biguttula, Empoasca spp., Myzus spp., Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata spp., Planococcus spp., Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Sitobion spp., Amritodus atkinsoni, Idioscopus spp., ants, bees, wasps, sawflies (Hymenoptera), e.g. Athalia rosae, Atta cephalotes, Atta capiguara, Atta cephalotes, Atta laevigata, Atta robusta, Atta sexdens, Atta texana, Crematogaster spp., Hoplocampa minuta, Hoplocampa testudinea, Monomorium pha-raonis, Solenopsis geminata, Solenopsis invicta, Solenopsis richteri, Solenopsis xyloni, Pogonomyrmex barbatus, Pogonomyrmex californicus, Pheidole megacephala, Dasy-mutilla occidentalis, Bombus spp. Vespula squamosa, Paravespula vulgaris, Paraves-pula pennsylvanica, Paravespula germanica, Dolichovespula maculata, Vespa crabro, Polistes rubiginosa, Camponotus floridanus, and Linepithema humile, crickets, grasshoppers, locusts (Orthoptera), e.g. Acheta domestica, Gryllotalpa gryllo-talpa, Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus bivittatus, Melanoplus femurrubrum, Melanoplus mexicanus, Melanoplus sanguinipes, Melanoplus spretus, Nomadacris septemfasciata, Schistocerca americana, Schistocerca gregaria, Dociostaurus maroccanus, Tachycines asynamorus, Oedaleus senegalensis, Zonozerus variegatus, Hieroglyphus daganensis, Kraussaria angulifera, Calliptamus italicus, Chortoicetes terminifera, and Locustana pardalina, plant parasitic nematodes such as root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica; cyst nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis, Heterodera avenae; seed gall nematodes, Anguina funesta, Anguina tritici and other Anguina species; stem and foliar nematodes, Aphelenchoides besseyi, sting nematodes, Belonolaimus longicaudatus and other plant parasitic nematode species.

Suitable targets for seed treatment are various crop seeds, fruit species, vegetables, spices and ornamental seed, for example corn/maize (sweet and field), durum wheat, soybean, Groundnut, wheat, barley, oats, rye, triticale, bananas, rice, cotton, sunflower, potatoes, pasture, alfalfa, grasses, turf, sorghum, rapeseed, Brassica spp., sugar beet, egg-plants, tomato, lettuce, iceberg lettuce, pepper, cucumber, squash, melon, bean, dry-beans, peas, leek, garlic, onion, cabbage, carrot, tuber such as sugar cane, tobacco, coffee, turf and forage, cruciferous, cucurbits, grapevines, pepper, fodder beet, oil seed rape, pansy, impatiens, petunia and geranium.

As per one embodiment, the wherein the said formulation is used for control of pests in Cotton (Gossypium spp.), Paddy (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticum aestavum), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Maize (Zea mays), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) , Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris), Soybean (Glycin max), Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) , Mustard (Brassica juncea), Rape seed (Brassica napus), Linseed (Linum usitatissimum), Castor (Ricinus communis), Green gram (Vigna radiate), Black gram (Vigna mungo), Chickpea (Cicer aritinum), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Redgram (Cajanus cajan), Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Indian bean (Lablab purpureus), Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), Field pea (Pisum sativum), Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), Lentils (Lens culinaris), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) , Onion (Allium cepa L.), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicun) , Potato (Solanum tuberosum) , Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Chilly (Capsicum annum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), Muskmelons (Cucumis melo), Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), Radish (Raphanus sativus), Carrot (Dacus carota subsp. sativus), Turnip (Brassica rapa subsp rapa), Apple (Melus domestica), Banana (Musa spp.), Citrus groups (Citrus spp.), Grape (Vitis vinifera), Guava (Psidium guajava), Litchi (Litchi chinensis), Mango (Mangifera indica), Papaya (Carica papaya), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Pomegranate (Punica granatum) , Sapota (Manilkara zapota), Tea (Camellia sinensis), Coffea (Coffea Arabica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi), Psyllium (Plantago ovate), Black Pepper (Piper nigrum), Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), Safed musli (Chlorophytum tuberosum), Drum stick (Moringa oleifera), Coconut (Coco nucifera), Mentha ( Mentha spp.), Rose (Rosa spp.), Jasmine (Jasminum spp.), Marigold ( Tagetes spp.), Common daisy (Bellis perennis), Dahlia (Dahlia hortnesis), Gerbera ( Gerbera jamesonii), Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) or GMO form thereof.
The present compsition can be useful against genetically modified plants (GMP) as well as non-genetically modified organisms (GMO) derivative of above crops.
The term seed treatment comprises all suitable seed treatment techniques known in the art, such as, but not limited to, seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking, seed film coating, seed multilayer coating, seed encrusting, seed dripping, and seed pelleting.

The active ingredient composition according to the invention are especially advantageous for seed treatment of oil seed rape, wheat, corn, rye, barley, oats, sorghum, sunflowers, rice, maize, turf and forage, sugar beet, beans, peas, soybeans, ornamentals, and vegetables such as cucurbits, tomatoes, eggplant, potatoes, pepper, lettuce, cabbage, carrots, cruciferous.

(A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides are present in the pesticidal composition in synergistically effective amounts. The ratio of (A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides wherein insecticide may be selected from Clothianidin, Imidacloprid, Fipronil, Thiamethoxam and fungicide (s) may be selected from Tebuconazole and Thiram, and the total amount of the mixture, depends on many factors, including the type and the occurrence of the pests to be controlled. For each application, the optimum ratios and total amounts to be employed can in each case be determined by routine experimentation. In one embodiment, the weight percentage of (A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides in the composition is within the range of 0.1 to 20% Pyraclostrobin; 1 to 80 %Insecticides; 0.05 to 20% fungicides or any range that is a subset within said range.

A pesticide comprising a synergistic combination of (A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides wherein insecticide may be selected from Clothianidin, Imidacloprid, Fipronil, Thiamethoxam and fungicide (s) may be selected from Tebuconazole and Thiram, can be delivered to a locus in a wide variety of manners and in a wide variety of formulations. For example, the pesticidal compounds can be mixed with a liquid carrier to provide a liquid formulation that is delivered to a locus as a liquid, or can be mixed with a solid carrier to provide a solid formulation that is delivered to a locus as a solid. Moreover, a liquid formulation can be delivered by spraying or otherwise applying the formulation to soil, for example before planting of crop seeds, at the same time as planting, after planting but prior to emergence of a seedling, or after emergence of a seedling. A solid formulation also can be delivered to a locus, for example, prior to planting, during planting or after planting. In one embodiment, a formulation can be used to treat seeds or other plant propagation material prior to or at the same time as planting, as discussed further herein below, which results in delivery of the pesticide to a locus at the same time as seed planting.

The term "health of a plant" or "plant health" is defined as a condition of the plant and/or its products. As a result of the improved health, yield, plant vigor, quality and tolerance to abiotic or biotic stress are increased. Noteworthy, the health of a plant when applying the method according to the invention, is increased independently of the pesticidal properties of the active ingredients used because the increase in health is not based upon the reduced pest pressure but instead on complex physiological and metabolic reactions which result for example in an activation of the plant's own natural defense system. As a result, the health of a plant is increased even in the absence of pest pressure.
Accordingly, in an especially preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the health of a plant is increased both in the presence and absence of biotic or abiotic stress factors.
The above identified indicators for the health condition of a plant may be interdependent or they may result from each other. An increase in plant vigor may for example result in an increased yield and/or tolerance to abiotic or biotic stress. One indicator for the condition of the plant is the yield. "Yield" is to be understood as any plant product of economic value that is produced by the plant such as grains, fruits in the proper sense, vegetables, nuts, grains, seeds, wood (e.g. in the case of silviculture plants) or even flowers (e.g. in the case of gardening plants, ornamentals). The plant products may in addition be further utilized and/or processed after harvesting.
In an especially preferred embodiment of the invention, the yield of the treated plant is increased.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the yield of the plants treated according to the method of the invention, is increased synergistically.
According to the present invention, "increased yield" of a plant, in particular of an agricultural, silvicultural and/or horticultural plant means that the yield of a product of the respective plant is increased by a measurable amount over the yield of the same product of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the mixture according to the invention.
Increased yield can be characterized, among others, by the following improved proper-ties of the plant:
increased plant weight, increased plant height, increased biomass such as higher overall fresh weight (FW), increased number of flowers per plant, higher grain yield, more tillers or side shoots (branches), larger leaves, increased shoot, growth, increased protein content, increased oil content, increased starch content, increased pigment content, increased leaf are index.
According to the present invention, the yield is increased by at least 4%, preferable by 5 to 10 %, more preferable by 10 to 20 %, or even 20 to 30 % compared to the untreated control plants or plants treated with pesticides in a way different from the method according to the present invention. In general, the yield increase may even be higher.
A further indicator for the condition of the plant is the plant vigor. The plant vigor becomes manifest in several aspects such as the general visual appearance.
In another especially preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant vigor of the treated plant is increased. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant vigor of the plants treated according to the method of the invention, is increased synergistically.
Improved plant vigor can be characterized, among others, by the following improved properties of the plant: improved vitality of the plant, improved plant growth, improved plant development, improved visual appearance, improved plant stand (less plant verse/lodging), improved emergence, enhanced root growth and/or more developed root system, enhanced nodulation, in particular rhizobial nodulation, bigger leaf blade, bigger size, increased plant weight, increased plant height, increased tiller number, increased number of side shoots, increased number of flowers per plant, increased shoot growth, increased root growth (extensive root system), increased yield when grown on poor soils or unfavorable climate, enhanced photosynthetic activity, enhanced pigment content (e.g. chlorophyll content), earlier flowering, earlier fruiting, earlier and improved germination, earlier grain maturity, improved self-defence mechanisms, improved stress tolerance and resistance of the plants against biotic and abiotic, stress factors such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects, heat stress, cold stress, drought stress, UV stress and/or salt stress, less non-productive tillers, less dead basal leaves, less input needed (such as fertilizers or water), greener leaves, complete maturation under shortened vegetation periods, less fertilizers needed, less seeds needed, faster and more uniform ripening, longer shelf-life, longer panicles, delay of senescence, stronger and/or more productive tillers, improved quality of seeds (for being seeded in the following seasons for seed production), better nitrogen uptake, improved reproduction, reduced production of ethylene and/or the inhibition of its reception by the plant.
The improvement of the plant vigor according to the present invention particularly means that the improvement of any one or several or all of the above mentioned plant characteristics are improved independently of the pesticidal action of the mixture or active ingredients (components).
Another indicator for the condition of the plant is the "quality" of a plant and/or its products.
In an especially preferred embodiment of the invention, the quality of the treated plant is increased.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the quality of the plants treated according to the method of the invention, is increased synergistically.
According to the present invention, enhanced quality means that certain plant characteristics such as the content or composition of certain ingredients are increased or improved by a measurable or noticeable amount over the same factor of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the composition of the present invention. Enhanced quality can be characterized, among others, by following improved properties of the plant or its product:
increased nutrient content, increased protein content, increased content of fatty acids, increased metabolite content, increased carotenoid content, increased sugar content, increased amount of essential amino acids, improved nutrient composition, improved protein composition, improved composition of fatty acids, improved metabolite composition, improved carotenoid composition, improved sugar composition, improved amino acids composition, improved or optimal fruit color , improved leaf color, higher storage capacity, higher processability of the harvested products.
Another indicator for the condition of the plant is the plant's tolerance or resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress factors. Biotic and abiotic stress, especially over longer terms, can have harmful effects on plants. Biotic stress is caused by living organisms while abiotic stress is caused for example by environmental extremes. According to the present invention, "enhanced tolerance or resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress factors" means (1.) that certain negative factors caused by biotic and/or abiotic stress are diminished in a measurable or noticeable amount as compared to plants exposed to the same conditions, but without being treated with a mixture according to the invention and (2.) that the negative effects are not diminished by a direct action of the mixture according to the invention on the stress factors, e.g. by its fungicidal or insecticidal action which directly destroys the microorganisms or pests, but rather by a stimulation of the plants' own defensive reactions against said stress factors.
Method of Application:
Each of the combinations of the invention can be formulated for a particular use. Preferably, each combination is formulated for protecting cultivated plants or their propagation materials.
Accordingly, each combination of the invention can be applied to the plant in a conventional manner, such as foliar spray. Advantageously, each of the combinations are formulated for plant propagation material, such as seed, treatment applications for controlling or preventing damage by pests and/or pathogens, which are found in agriculture and forestry, and can particularly damage the plant in the early stages of its development.

Further, the present invention also envisages soil application of the combinations of the invention to control the soil-dwelling pests and/or soil-borne pathogens.
Methods of applying to the soil can be via any suitable method, which ensures that the combination penetrates the soil, for example, nursery tray application, in furrow application, soil drenching, soil injection, drip irrigation, application through sprinklers or central pivot, incorporation into soil (broad cast or in band) are such methods.
The benefits from the invention can also be achieved either by (i) treating plant propagation material with a combinaton or (ii) applying to the locus where control is desired, generally the planting site, the combination, or both (i) and (ii).
The term "plant propagation material" is understood to denote all the generative parts of the plant, such as seeds, which can be used for the multiplication of the latter and vegetative plant materials such as cuttings and tubers (for example, potatoes). Accordingly, as used herein, part of a plant includes propagation material. There may be mentioned, e.g., the seeds (in the strict sense), roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, parts of plants.

Germinated plants and young plants, which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from the soil, may also be mentioned. These young plants may be protected before transplantation by a total or partial treatment by immersion.
Parts of plant and plant organs that grow at later point in time are any sections of a plant that develop from a plant propagation material, such as a seed. Parts of plant, plant organs, and plants can also benefit from the pathogenic and/or pest damage protection achieved by the application of each combination on to the plant propagation material. In an embodiment, certain parts of a plant and certain plant organs that grow at later point in time can also be considered as plant propagation material, which can themselves be applied (or treated) with the combination; and consequently, the plant, further parts of the plant and further plant organs that develop from the treated parts of plant and treated plant organs can also benefit from the pathogenic and/or pest damage protection achieved by the application of each combinations on to the certain parts of plant and certain plant organs.
Methods for applying or treating pesticidal active ingredients and composition thereof on to plant propagation material, especially seeds, are known in the art, and include dressing, coating, pelleting and soaking application methods of the propagation material. In a preferred embodiment, the combination is applied or treated on to the plant propagation material by a method such that the germination is not induced; generally seed soaking induces germination because the moisture content of the resulting seed is too high.
Accordingly, examples of suitable methods for applying (or treating) a plant propagation material, such as a seed, is seed dressing, seed coating or seed pelleting and alike.
It is preferred that the plant propagation material is a seed. Although it is believed that the present method can be applied to a seed in any physiological state, it is preferred that the seed be in a sufficiently durable state that it incurs no damage during the treatment process. Typically, the seed would be a seed that had been harvested from the field; removed from the plant; and separated from any cob, stalk, outer husk, and surrounding pulp or other non-seed plant material. The seed would preferably also be biologically stable to the extent that the treatment would cause no biological damage to the seed. It is believed that the treatment can be applied to the seed at any time between harvest of the seed and sowing of the seed or during the sowing process (seed directed applications).
The seed may also be primed either before or after the treatment. Even distribution of the active ingredients and adherence thereof to the seeds is desired during propagation material treatment. Treatment could vary from a thin film (dressing) of the formulation containing the active ingredient(s) on a plant propagation material, such as a seed, where the original size and/or shape are recognizable to an intermediary state (such as a coating) and then to a thicker film (such as pelleting with many layers of different materials (such as carriers, for example, clays; different formulations, such as of other active ingredients; polymers; and colourants) where the original shape and/or size of the seed is no longer recognisable.
An aspect of the present invention includes application of the active ingredients onto the plant propagation material in a targeted fashion, including positioning the active ingredients onto the entire plant propagation material or on only parts thereof, including on only a single side or a portion of a single side.
Seed coating technology is an application developed soaking or dressing in traditional technology based on common seed treatment technology. The dry or wet seeds with pesticides or fertilizers containing such binder compositions package have a protective layer formed on the function and strength of the seed coating, the coating process in the seed, the seed package. The seed coating composition is called out, for a crop or other plant seed treated with film-forming properties of the pesticide homogeneous system. The seed coating composition forming film on seed is the biggest advantage the layer of relatively solid film can be formed on the outside of the seed. The seed swelling in the soil without being dissolved, allowing moisture and air required for seed germination .The slow release fertilizer and pesticides coating on seed and other substances are required for normal seed germination. So, Seed has to kill soil pests, seedling pests, control seedling diseases and systemic diseases, improve seed germination, and promote the healthy growth of seedlings, less the amount of seeds and other effects, and ultimately achieve pest and disease prevention, strong seedlings, the purpose of improving production. Pest prevention and control issues are most prone to drug resistance, followed by a single control spectrum, many times when farmers use pesticide, causing serious environmental pollution, large field crop pesticides on human health. Applicants different fungicides and insecticides mechanism complex to achieve the purpose of preventing a double-jet, effective prevention and treatment of various diseases of crops, prevention of the original single agent to expand the spectrum, does not directly act on the crop and the crop growing period decomposition of pesticide residues on crop residue or no residue, by the food safety, and significant synergistic effects, excellent environmental compatibility, greatly reducing the amount of pesticide treatment, reducing the cost of pesticide farmers.
However, the biological properties of this composition of known compounds are not completely satisfactory in the field of pest control.
In general use, the pesticide actives are used in the form of a dilute aqueous composition because it can attain a good interaction with the target organism, such as plants, fungi and insects. However, most active pesticide compounds that are used as pesticides are only sparingly or even insoluble in water. The low solubility of such compounds present the challenges and difficulties to formulator in formulating pesticide compounds in stable formulations that can be easily stored for a long time and which still have a high stability and effective activity until end use.

Additionally, the present invention also comprises a method for protection of plant propagation material from phytopathogenic fungi and phytophagous insects comprising contacting the plant propagation materials with an inventive mixture in fungicidally and insecticidal effective amounts. The term "plant propagation material" is to be understood to denote all the generative parts of the plant such as seeds and vegetative plant material such as cuttings and tubers (e. g. potatoes), which can be used for the multiplication of the plant. This includes seeds, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, shoots, sprouts and other parts of plants, including seedlings and young plants, which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from soil. These young plants may also be protected before transplantation by a total or partial treatment by immersion or pouring. In a particular preferred embodiment, the term propagation material denotes seeds. The present invention further relates to plant-protecting active ingredient composition having synergistically enhanced action of improving the health of plants and to a method of applying such inventive composition to the plants.

Accordingly, in one embodiment a pesticide comprises a mixture including a pesticidally effective amount of (A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides along with at least one agriculturally acceptable adjuvant and/or carrier. A “pesticidally effective amount” is an amount of active ingredient or a combination of active ingredients that is effective to prevent or reduce damage to a plant caused by any pest or to repel, deter or destroy a pest or to cause an adverse effect to an individual insect or an insect population, including, for example, deviations from natural development, killing, regulation, and the like. Suitable adjuvants or carriers should not be phytotoxic to valuable crops, particularly at the concentrations employed in applying the compositions for pest control in the presence of crops, and should not react chemically with pesticidal components of the mixture or other composition ingredients. Such composition can be designed for application directly to seeds or to a field locus or can be concentrates or formulations that are normally diluted with additional carriers and/or adjuvants before application as described further herein below. Solid forms of the pesticide can be, for example, dusts, granules, water dispersible granules, or wettable powders. Liquid forms of the pesticide can be, for example, emulsifiable concentrates, solutions, emulsions or suspensions, as discussed further herein below.

Examples of suitable solid carriers include talc, pyrophyllite clay, silica, attapulgus clay, kaolin clay, kieselguhr, chalk, diatomaceous earth, lime, calcium carbonate, bentonite clay, Fuller's earth, cottonseed hulls, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, walnut shell flour, lignin, and the like or mixtures thereof.

Other ingredients, or adjuvants, that are often used in agricultural compositions, and that can be included in various compositions described herein, include, but are not limited to, dispersing agents, wetting agent, antifoam agents, biocide, anti-freezing agent, suspension aid, thickening agents (also referred to as “thickeners”), quick coating agent or sticking agents (also referred to as “stickers” or “binders”),

A dispersing agent is a substance which adsorbs onto the surface of particles and helps to preserve the state of dispersion of the particles and prevents them from re-aggregating. Dispersing agents are added to agrochemical formulations to facilitate dispersion and suspension during manufacture, and to ensure the particles re-disperse into water in a spray tank. They are widely used in wettable powders, suspension concentrates and water-dispersible granules. Surfactants that are used as dispersing agents have the ability to adsorb strongly onto a particle surface and provide a charged or steric barrier to re-aggregation of particles. The most commonly used surfactants are anionic, non-ionic, or mixtures of the two types. For wettable powder formulations, the most common dispersing agents are sodium lignosulphonates. For suspension concentrates, very good adsorption and stabilization are obtained using polyelectrolytes, such as sodium naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensates. Tristyrylphenolethoxylate phosphate esters are also used. Non-ionics such as alkylarylethylene oxide condensates and EO-PO block copolymers are sometimes combined with anionics as dispersing agents for suspension concentrates. In recent years, new types of very high molecular weight polymeric surfactants have been developed as dispersing agents. These have very long hydrophobic ‘backbones’ and a large number of ethylene oxide chains forming the ‘teeth’ of a ‘comb’ surfactant. These high molecular weight polymers can give very good long-term stability to suspension concentrates because the hydrophobic backbones have many anchoring points onto the particle surfaces. Examples of dispersing agents used herein include but not limited to sodium lignosulphonates; sodium naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensates; tristyrylphenolethoxylate phosphate esters; aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates; alky ethoxylates; EO-PO block copolymers; and graft copolymers or mixtures thereof.

A wetting agent is a substance that when added to a liquid increases the spreading or penetration power of the liquid by reducing the interfacial tension between the liquid and the surface on which it is spreading. Wetting agents are used for two main functions in agrochemical formulations: during processing and manufacture to increase the rate of wetting of powders in water to make concentrates for soluble liquids or suspension concentrates; and during mixing of a product with water in a spray tank or other vessel to reduce the wetting time of wettable powders and to improve the penetration of water into water-dispersible granules. Examples of wetting agents used in wettable powder, suspension concentrate, and water-dispersible granule formulations include but not limited to sodium lauryl sulphate; sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate; alkyl phenol ethoxylates; and aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates or mixtures thereof.

Anti-foam agents, which lower interfacial tension, often causes water-based formulations to foam during mixing operations in production and in application through a spray tank. In order to reduce the tendency to foam, anti-foam agents are often added either during the production stage or before filling into bottles. Generally, there are two types of anti-foam agents, namely silicones and non-silicones. Silicones are usually aqueous emulsions of dimethyl polysiloxane while the non-silicone anti-foam agents are water-insoluble oils, such as octanol and nonanol, or silica. In both cases, the function of the anti-foam agent is to displace the surfactant from the air-water interface.

Biocides / Microorganisms cause spoilage of formulated products. Therefore preservation agents are used to eliminate or reduce their effect. Examples of such agents include, but are not limited to: propionic acid and its sodium salt; sorbic acid and its sodium or potassium salts; benzoic acid and its sodium salt; p-hydroxy benzoic acid sodium salt; methyl p-hydroxy benzoate; and biocide such as sodium benzoate, 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, potassium sorbate, parahydroxy benzoates or mixtures thereof.

Anti-freezing agents may be selected from but not limited to s glycerin, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or mixtures thereof.

Suspension aid in the present description denotes a natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic material with which the active substance is combined in order to facilitate its application to the plant, to the seeds or to the soil. This carrier is hence generally inert, and it must be agriculturally acceptable, in particular to the plant being treated. The carrier may be solid (clays, natural or synthetic silicates, silica, resins, waxes, solid fertilizers, and the like or mixtures thereof) or liquid (water, alcohols, ketones, petroleum fractions, aromatic or paraffinic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, liquefied gases, and the like or mixtures thereof).

Thickeners or gelling agents are used mainly in the formulation of suspension concentrates, emulsions and suspoemulsions to modify the rheology or flow properties of the liquid and to prevent separation and settling of the dispersed particles or droplets. Thickening, gelling, and anti-settling agents generally fall into two categories, namely water-insoluble particulates and water-soluble polymers. It is possible to produce suspension concentrate formulations using clays and silicas. Examples of these types of materials, include, but are limited to, montmorillonite, e.g. bentonite; magnesium aluminum silicate; and attapulgite. Water-soluble polysaccharides have been used as thickening-gelling agents for many years. The types of polysaccharides most commonly used are natural extracts of seeds and seaweeds are synthetic derivatives of cellulose or mixtures thereof. Examples of these types of materials include, but are not limited to, guar gum; locust bean gum; carrageenam; alginates; methyl cellulose; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC); hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) or mixtures thereof. Other types of anti-settling agents are based on modified starches, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene oxide or mixtures thereof. Another good anti-settling agent is xanthan gum.

Quick coating are silicones such as Silicon tri-alkoxylate,dimethicone 350, dimethicone 360, dimethiconecopolyol, cyclomethicone, silicon dioxide, silicone, simethicone, colloidal silicone, poly(dimethylsiloxane/methylvinylsiloxane/methylhydrogensiloxane) dimethylvinyl or dimethylhydroxy or trimethyl end blocked, polydimethylsiloxanes, polydimethylsiloxane oils or polydimethylsiloxane oils modified with ionic or nonionic organic groups, a linear functional polydiorganosiloxane, a linear nonfunctionalpolydiorganosiloxane, a cyclic polydiorganosiloxane, an alkoxydimethicone, an alkyldimethicone, a phenyldimethicone, a silicone resin and mixtures thereof. More examples are dimethylpolysiloxane, methylphenylpolysiloxanes, cyclic silicones, and amino-, fatty acid-, alcohol-, polyether-, epoxy-fluoro- and/or alkyl-modified silicone compounds, and also polyalkylsiloxanes, polyalkylarylsiloxanes, polyethersiloxanes.

The quick coating agent can be a conventionally available sticker, for example polyesters, polyamides, poly- carbonates, polyurea and polyurethanes, acrylate polymers and copolymers, styrene copolymers, butadiene copolymers, polsaccharides such as starch and cellulose derivatives, vinylal- cohol, vinylacetate and vinylpyrrolidone polymers and copolymers, polyethers, epoxy, phenolic and melamine resins, polyolefins and define copolymersand mixtures thereof. Examples of preferred polymers are acrylate polymers such as poly(methacrylate), poly( ethyl methacrylate ), poly(methylmethacrylate), acrylate copoylmers and styrene-acrylic copolymers as defined herein below , poly(styrene-co maleic anhydride), cellulosic polymers such as ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetatebutyrate, acetylated mono-, di-, and triglycerides, poly(vinylpyrrolidone), vinyl acetate polymers and copolymers, poly(alkylene glycol), styrene butadiene copolymers, poly(orthoesters), alkyd resins, and mixtures of two or more of these. Polymers that are biodegradable are also useful in the present invention. As used herein, a polymer is biodegradable if is not water soluble, but is degraded over a period of several weeks when placed in an application environment. Examples of biodegradable polymers that are useful in the present method include biodegradable polyesters, starch, polylactic acid -starch blends, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymers, polydioxanone, cellulose es- ters, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, starch esters, starch ester - aliphatic polyester blends, modified corn starch, polycaprolactone, poly(n-amylmethacrylate), wood rosin, polyan- hydrides, polyvinylalcohol, polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate, biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, and polyhydroxybutyrate or mixtures thereof.

Pesticide compositions can be frequently applied as aqueous suspensions or emulsions prepared from concentrated formulations of such compositions. Such water-soluble, water-suspendable, or emulsifiable formulations are either solids, usually known as wettable powders, or water dispersible granules, or liquids usually known as emulsifiable concentrates, or aqueous suspensions. Wettable powders, which may be compacted to form water dispersible granules, comprise an intimate mixture of the pesticide composition, a carrier, and surfactants. The carrier is usually chosen from among the attapulgite clays, the montmorillonite clays, the diatomaceous earths, or the purified silicates. Effective surfactants, which can comprise from about 0.5% to about 10% of the wettable powder, are found among sulfonatedlignins, condensed naphthalenesulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkyl sulfates, and nonionic surfactants such as ethylene oxide adducts of alkyl phenols.

Emulsifiable concentrates comprise a convenient concentration of a pesticide composition dissolved in a carrier that is either a water miscible solvent or a mixture of water-immiscible organic solvent and emulsifiers. Useful organic solvents include aromatics, especially xylenes and petroleum fractions, especially the high-boiling naphthalenic and olefinic portions of petroleum such as heavy aromatic naphtha. Other organic solvents may also be used, such as the terpenic solvents including rosin derivatives, aliphatic ketones such as cyclohexanone, and complex alcohols such as 2-ethoxyethanol. Suitable emulsifiers for emulsifiable concentrates are chosen from conventional anionic and nonionic surfactants.

Aqueous suspensions comprise suspensions of water-insoluble pesticide compositions dispersed in an aqueous carrier. Suspensions are prepared by finely grinding the pesticide composition and vigorously mixing it into a carrier comprised of water and surfactants. Ingredients, such as inorganic salts and synthetic or natural gums, may also be added, to increase the density and viscosity of the aqueous carrier. It is often most effective to grind and mix the pesticide composition at the same time by preparing the aqueous mixture and homogenizing it in an implement such as a sand mill, ball mill, or piston-type homogenizer.

Pesticide compositions may also be applied as granular formulations that are particularly useful for applications to the soil. Granular formulations include the pesticide composition dispersed in a carrier such as, for example, a carrier that comprises clay or a similar substance. Such formulations are usually prepared by dissolving the pesticide composition in a suitable solvent and applying it to a granular carrier which has been pre-formed to the appropriate particle size, in the range of from about 0.5 to 3 mm. Such formulations may also be formulated by making a dough or paste of the carrier and pesticide composition and crushing and drying to obtain the desired granular particle size.

Dusts including a pesticide composition are prepared by intimately mixing the pesticide composition in powdered form with a suitable dusty agricultural carrier, such as kaolin clay, ground volcanic rock, and the like. Dusts can be applied as a seed dressing or as a foliage application with a dust blower machine.

It is equally practical to apply a pesticide composition in the form of a solution in an appropriate organic solvent, usually petroleum oil, such as the spray oils, which are widely used in agricultural chemistry.

Pesticide compositions can also be applied in the form of an aerosol formulation. In such formulations, the pesticide composition is dissolved or dispersed in a carrier, which is a pressure-generating propellant mixture. The aerosol formulation is packaged in a container from which the mixture is dispensed through an atomizing valve.

Pesticide baits are formed when the pesticide composition is mixed with food or an attractant or both. When the pests eat the bait they also consume the pesticide composition. Baits may take the form of granules, gels, flowable powders, liquids, or solids. They may be used in or around pest harborages.

Fumigants are pesticides that have a relatively high vapor pressure and hence can exist as a gas in sufficient concentrations to kill pests in soil or enclosed spaces. The toxicity of the fumigant is proportional to its concentration and the exposure time. They are characterized by a good capacity for diffusion and act by penetrating the pest's respiratory system or being absorbed through the pest's cuticle. Fumigants are applied to control stored product pests under gas proof sheets, in gas sealed rooms or buildings or in special chambers.

Oil solution concentrates are made by dissolving a pesticide composition in a solvent that will hold the pesticide composition in solution. Oil solutions of a pesticide composition usually provide faster knockdown and kill of pests than other formulations due to the solvents themselves having pesticidal action and the dissolution of the waxy covering of the integument increasing the speed of uptake of the pesticide. Other advantages of oil solutions include better storage stability, better penetration of crevices, and better adhesion to greasy surfaces.

Another embodiment is an oil-in-water emulsion, wherein the emulsion comprises oily globules which are each provided with a lamellar liquid crystal coating and are dispersed in an aqueous phase, wherein each oily globule comprises at least one compound which is agriculturally active, and is individually coated with a monolamellar or oligolamellar layer comprising: (1) at least one non-ionic lipophilic surface-active agent, (2) at least one non-ionic hydrophilic surface-active agent and (3) at least one ionic surface-active agent, wherein the globules having a mean particle diameter of less than 800 nanometers.

The locus to which a pesticide is applied can be any locus inhabited by a pest, for example, vegetable crops, fruit and nut trees, grape vines, ornamental plants, domesticated animals, the interior or exterior surfaces of buildings, and the soil around buildings.

Generally, with baits, the baits are placed in the ground where the pests can come into contact with the bait. Baits can also be applied to a surface of a building, (horizontal, vertical, or slant, surface) where, for example, ants, termites, cockroaches, and flies, can come into contact with the bait.

Because of the unique ability of the eggs of some pests to resist pesticides repeated applications may be desirable to control newly emerged larvae.

Systemic movement of pesticides in plants may be utilized to control pests on one portion of the plant by applying the pesticides to a different portion of the plant. For example, control of foliar-feeding insects or stem-feeding insects can be controlled by drip irrigation or furrow application, or by treating the seed before planting. Seed treatment can be applied to all types of seeds, including those from which plants genetically transformed to express specialized traits will germinate. Representative examples include those expressing proteins toxic to invertebrate pests, such as Bacillus thuringiensis or other insecticidal toxins, those expressing herbicide resistance, such as “Roundup Ready” seed, or those with “stacked” foreign genes expressing insecticidal toxins, herbicide resistance, nutrition-enhancement or any other beneficial traits. Furthermore, such seed treatments with the compositions disclosed in this document can further enhance the ability of a plant to better withstand stressful growing conditions. This results in a healthier, more vigorous plant, which can lead to higher yields at harvest time.

The concentration of (A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides in a synergistic formulation of one embodiment is wherein (A) Pyraclostrobin is from 0.1 to 20% percent by weight wherein (B) Insecticides is from 1 to 80 % by weight and wherein (C) fungicides is from 0.05 to 20% by weight. In another embodiment, the concentration is from 0.01 to 90 percent by weight. In a formulation embodiment designed to be employed as a concentrate, the active ingredients are present in a concentration from 5 to 98 weight percent, preferably 10 to 90 weight percent. Such concentrate formulations are typically diluted with an inert carrier, such as water, before application. In one embodiment, a diluted composition to be applied to a field locus includes from 0.0001 to 1 weight percent active ingredient. In another embodiment, the composition includes from 0.001 to 0.05 weight percent active ingredient.

The present compositions can be applied to a locus by the use of conventional ground or aerial dusters, sprayers, and granule applicators, by addition to irrigation or paddy water, and by other conventional means known to those skilled in the art.

In one aspect the present disclosure, the synergistic mixture of (A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides is delivered to a field locus together with seeds as a seed treatment. As used herein, the term “seed” denotes any resting stage of a plant that is physically detached from the vegetative stage of a plant and/or may be stored for prolonged periods of time and/or can be used to re-grow another plant individual of the same species. The term “resting” refers to a state wherein the plant retains viability, within reasonable limits, in spite of the absence of light, water and/or nutrients essential for the vegetative (i.e. non-seed) state.

When seeds treated with the synergistic mixture are planted, the synergistic mixture protects the plants that grow after germination of the seed from damage by pests, and thus improves the growth characteristics of the plant through improved control of pests. Accordingly, the present disclosure includes a method of protecting plants that grow at a later point in time against damage by pests, which method comprises treating seeds with (A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides, and optionally one or more formulation auxiliaries. In addition to treating seeds, the present disclosure also contemplates the treatment of other plant propagation materials. Thus, the descriptions herein involving seed treatment are also intended to apply equally well to methods, compositions and materials involving the treatment of other plant propagation material with the synergistic combination. The term “plant propagation material” is used herein to refer to all the generative parts of the plant, including seeds, which can be used for the multiplication of the plant and/or vegetative plant material such as cuttings and tubers (for example, potatoes) including, for example, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes and other plant parts.

% of components varies from
(A) (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides
Pyraclostrobin Clothianidin, Thiram
Pyraclostrobin Imidacloprid, Thiram
Pyraclostrobin Fipronil Thiram
Pyraclostrobin Thiamethoxam Thiram
Pyraclostrobin Clothianidin, Tebuconazole
Pyraclostrobin Imidacloprid, Tebuconazole
Pyraclostrobin Fipronil Tebuconazole
Pyraclostrobin Thiamethoxam Tebuconazole
0.1 to 20% 1 to 80 % 0.05 to 20%

In various embodiments, the seed treatment can be applied as a thin film (such as a dressing) of the formulation including the active ingredient on a seed, where the original size and/or shape of the seed are recognizable; or as a thick film (such as a coating or pelleting) with many layers of the same or different materials where the original shape and/or size of the seed is no longer recognizable.

Even distribution of the active ingredients and adherence thereof to seeds is desired during treatment of the seeds. (A)Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides combination can be applied to or otherwise used to treat seeds either simultaneously, or sequentially, in any order. Similarly if one or more other active ingredient is included in the composition in addition to a (A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides, then those active ingredients can be applied to or otherwise used to treat seeds either simultaneously, or sequentially, in any order. In one embodiment, (A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides composition is applied simultaneously. In another embodiment, after (A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides composition are applied to a seed, an over-coating that does not include a pesticide is then applied to the treated seed. In this embodiment, the previously treated seed can be enveloped with an over-coating comprising a binder formulation as described herein (i.e., one that does not include a pesticide mixture). (A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides composition may be applied to seeds either in pure form, i.e., as a solid active ingredient, for example, in a specific particle size or, more typically, together in the form of a formulation with at least one of a wide variety of auxiliary ingredients (also referred to as adjuvants).

Each of (A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides can be obtained from a separate formulation source and mixed together, optionally with other pesticides or other auxiliary ingredients, to form the seed treatment composition. Alternatively, (A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides composition can be obtained or provided as a single formulation mixture source and optionally mixed together with other pesticides or other auxiliary ingredients to form a seed treatment composition. Whereas commercial products will preferably be formulated as concentrates (i.e., as a pre-mix composition), the end user will normally employ dilute formulations (i.e., a tank mix composition) for treatment of the seeds.

Examples of formulation types suitable for tank-mix compositions include solutions, dilute emulsions, suspensions, or a mixture thereof, and dusts. Generally, an aqueous tank-mix is preferred. Examples of seed treatment pre-mix formulations types include wettable powders for seed treatment slurry, solution for seed treatment, emulsions for seed treatment, suspension concentrate for seed treatment, water dispersible granules, and aqueous capsule suspension. The tank-mix compositions are generally prepared by diluting with a solvent (for example, water) the one or more pre-mix compositions including the pesticides, and optionally further auxiliaries.

In one embodiment, a tank-mix formulation for seed treatment application comprises 0.25 to 80% of the pesticidal mixture and 99.75 to 20% of one or more auxiliary ingredient (including, for example, a solvent such as water). In one embodiment, the one or more auxiliary ingredient comprises a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 40% based on the tank-mix formulation. In another embodiment, a tank-mix formulation for seed treatment application comprises 1 to 75% of the pesticidal mixture and 99 to 25% of one or more auxiliary ingredient (including, for example, a solvent such as water). In another embodiment, the one or more auxiliary ingredient comprises a surfactant in an amount of 0.5 to 30% based on the tank-mix formulation.

In one embodiment, a pre-mix formulation for seed treatment application comprises 0.5 to 99.9% of the pesticidal mixture and 99.5 to 0.1% of one or more auxiliary ingredient (including, for example, a solvent such as water). In one embodiment, the one or more auxiliary ingredient comprises a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 50% based on the pre-mix formulation. In another embodiment, a pre-mix formulation for seed treatment application comprises 1 to 95% of the pesticidal mixture and 99 to 5% of one or more auxiliary ingredient (including, for example, a solvent such as water). In another embodiment, the one or more auxiliary ingredient comprises a surfactant in an amount of 0.5 to 40%, based on the pre-mix formulation. Preferred seed treatment pre-mix formulations are aqueous suspension concentrates.

Although it is believed that the present method can be applied to a seed in any physiological state, it is preferred that the seed be in a sufficiently durable state that it incurs no significant damage during the treatment process. The seed preferably is one that has been harvested from the field; removed from the plant; and separated from any cob, stalk, outer husk, and surrounding pulp or other non-seed plant material. The seed preferably also is biologically stable to the extent that the treatment would cause no biological damage to the seed. It is believed that the treatment can be applied to the seed at any time between harvest of the seed and sowing of the seed or during the sowing process. The seed may also be primed either before or after the treatment. Treatment to an unsown seed is not meant to include those practices in which the pesticide is applied to the soil but would include any application practice that would target the seed during the planting process. In one embodiment, for example, the treatment can be applied to seed that has been harvested, cleaned and dried to a moisture content below about 15% by weight. In an alternative embodiment, the seed can be one that has been dried and then primed with water and/or another material and then re-dried before or during the treatment with a seed treatment composition as described herein. In one embodiment, the seed to be treated is thus substantially dry. “Substantially dry” is used herein to refer to a seed that has a moisture content which results if the seed is allowed to equilibrate in an air atmosphere at 20 to 30° C. and 30-90% relative humidity, e.g. at 25° C. and 50% relative humidity.

The weight ratio of (A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides and the amount used on the seeds can vary according to various factors including, for example, the species of the plant whose seeds are being treated (for example, less active ingredients would be expected to be needed to treat sunflower seeds than for alfalfa seeds based on equivalent weight of seeds) and is such that the combinations are an effective amount to provide the desired pesticidal action and can be determined by biology trials. In yet another embodiment, the ratio by weight between (A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides is in the range of 0.1 to 20% Pyraclostrobin; 1 to 80 % Insecticides; 0.05 to 20% fungicides. However, it should be understood that alternative values for the ratio by weight between (A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides are possible.

The exact amount of an active ingredient included in the seed treatment composition can vary depending upon the size and other characteristics (e.g., surface structure, etc.) of the seed to be coated and other considerations. The active component of the seed treatment formulation should not inhibit germination of the seed. The application rates can range, for example, from 0.001 to 1000 mg, preferably 0.01 to 100 mg, most preferably 0.05 mg to 5 mg of the combined (A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides per seed.

In an embodiment including a colorant, the colorant can be included in a binder formulation, which can be diluted and mixed with an active component to form a seed treatment composition. Alternatively, a colorant can be mixed with the active component prior to combination with the binder formulation, or can be added to a mixer with the binder formulation and active component as an independent ingredient used to make a seed treatment composition. Of course, in alternative embodiments, the colorant can be omitted entirely. One advantage of having a colorant (also referred to as a “coloring ingredient”), such as a dye or pigment (and the like such as described in the CFR 180.1001) included in the seed treatment composition is so that an observer can immediately determine that the seeds are treated. Another potential advantage is that a color coding system can be employed to convey information regarding the specific type of coating present on a treated seed. A dye can also be useful to indicate to the user the degree of uniformity of the coating applied.

Colorants that can be employed in a seed treatment composition as described herein include a wide variety of dyes and pigments that are conventionally used for such purposes, and that do not interfere with the flowability, dust-off and plantability characteristics of a coated seed made using the formulation. In this context, both pigments, which are sparingly soluble in water, and dyes, which are soluble in water, may be used. Examples of colorants (i.e. dyes and pigments) that can be employed include those known under the names Rhodamin B, C. I. Pigment Red 112 and C. I. Solvent Red 1, Pigment Blue 15:4, Pigment Blue 15:3, Pigment Blue 15:2, Pigment Blue 15:1, Pigment Blue 80, Pigment Yellow 1, Pigment Yellow 13, Pigment Red 48:2, Pigment Red 48:1, Pigment Red 57:1, Pigment Red 53:1, Pigment Orange 43, Pigment Orange 34, Pigment Orange 5, Pigment Green 36, Pigment Green 7, Pigment White 6, Pigment Brown 25, Basic Violet 10, Basic Violet 49, Acid Red 51, Acid Red 52, Acid Red 14, Acid Blue 9, Acid Yellow 23, Basic Red 10, Basic Red 108. In one embodiment, a colorant is used that is also active as repellents for warm-blooded animals. Examples of such colorants include iron oxide, TiO2, Prussian blue, anthraquinone dyes, azo dyes and metal phthalocyanine dyes. This list is provided only to set forth some examples of colorants that can be employed, it being understood that a wide variety of alternative colorants are known and available commercially that can be included as alternatives to, or in addition to, the above, and such are expressly contemplated by the present application.

Buffering agent as used herein is selected from group consisting of calcium hydroxyapatite, Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate, Sodium Hydroxide, carbonated apatite, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphates, carbonated calcium phosphates, amine monomers, lactate dehydrogenase and magnesium hydroxide.

The solvent for the composition of the present invention may include water, water-soluble alcohols and dihydroxy alcohol ethers. The water-soluble alcohol which can be used in the present invention may be lower alcohols or water-soluble macromolecular alcohols. The term "lower alcohol", as used herein, represents an alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, etc. Macromolecular alcohol is not limited, as long as it may be dissolved in water in a suitable amount range, e.g., polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, glucitol, etc. The examples of suitable dihydroxy alcohol ethers used in the present invention may be dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ethers or dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers. The examples of dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ether include ethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, dipropylene glycol ethyl ether, etc. The examples of dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers include ethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether, dipropylene glycol phenyl ether, and the like. Any of the above mentioned solvent can be used either alone or in combination thereof.

As per one embodiment the preferred composition is selected from selected from Pyraclostrobin + Thiram + Clothianidin, Pyraclostrobin + Thiram + Thiamethoxam, Pyraclostrobin + Thiram + Imidacloprid and Pyraclostrobin + Thiram + Fipronil. Most preferred one is Pyraclostrobin + Thiram + Clothianidin.

Preferred composition Formulations Method of Application Crops
Pyraclostrobin+Thiram+Clothianidin
Pyraclostrobin+Thiram+Thiamethoxam
Pyraclostrobin+Thiram+Imidacloprid
Pyraclostrobin+Thiram+Fipronil FS, SC, WS, WG, WP Seed treatment Groundnut/Peanut,
Soybean, Chickpea, Green gram, Black gram, Lentils, Field Peas,
Indian bean, Cowpea Cotton, Okra,
Mustard, Rape seed, Sunflower, Castor
Pyraclostrobin+Thiram+Clothianidin
Pyraclostrobin+Thiram+Thiamethoxam
Pyraclostrobin+Thiram+Imidacloprid
Pyraclostrobin+Thiram+Fipronil
FS, SC, WS, WG, WP Seed treatment Wheat,
Rice,
Maize,
Pearlmillet,
Sorghum

Pyraclostrobin+Tebuconazole+Clothianidin
Pyraclostrobin+Tebuconazole+Thiamethoxam
Pyraclostrobin+Tebuconazole+Imidacloprid
Pyraclostrobin+Tebuconazole+Fipronil SC, WG, WP Foliar Spray Apple, Grape, Pomegranate, Strawberry,
Banana, Papaya,
Wheat, Rice, Maize, Cotton,
Tomato, Potato,
Chillies, Okra,
Onion, Garlic,
Cucumber, Melon, Soybean, Peanut, Greengram, Blackgram

As per one embodiment, the formulated mixture of present invention when used for seeds treatment, seeds treated with mixture are applied in an amount of from 0.1 ml or g 5000 ml or g per 100 kg of seeds. Most preferred amount is from 10 ml or g to 2000 ml or g per 100 kg seeds.

The process for preparing the present agrochemical composition can be modified accordingly by any person skilled in the art based on the knowledge of the manufacturing the composition. However all such variation and modification is still covered by the scope of present invention.

EXAMPLES
Example 1: Pyraclostrobin 3.5%+Thiram 15%+Clothianidin 22.5% FS (Flowable Suspension)
Composition %
Pyraclostrobin 4.00
Thiram 16.00
Clothianidin 24.00
Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohol 3.00
Nonionic polyalkylene glycol ether 2.00
Acrylic graft copolymer 3.00
Alkylated naphtalene sulfonate, sodium salt 0.50
Bentonite Clay 0.50
Silicone antifoam 0.30
Benzisothiazoline 0.05
Glycol 5.00
Polysaccharides 0.15
Azo dye 2.00
D.M. Water qs
TOTAL 100.00

Procedure:
Step 1 Gum Solution should be made 12-18 hour prior to use. Take required quantity of water, biocide, and defoamer and homogenize, then slowly add gum powder to it and stir till complete dissolution.
Step 2 Charge required quantity of DM water need to be taken in designated vessel for Flowable concentrate/ Suspension concentrate/ Flowable slurry production.
Step 3 Add required quantity of Wetting agent, dispersing agent & suspending agents, colourant/deye and homogenize the contents for 45 – 60 minutes using high shear homogenizer.
Step 4 Then add technical and other remaining adjuvants excluding ‘antifreeze & thickeners’ are added to it and homogenized to get uniform slurry ready for grinding.
Step 5 Before grinding half the quantity of antifoam was added and then material was subjected to three cycles of grinding in Dyno mill.
Step 6 Half quantity of the antifoam was added along with antifreeze after grinding process completes and before sampling for in process analysis.
Step 7 Finally add gum solution to this formulation and send to QC for quality check

Example 2: Pyraclostrobin+Thiram+Insecticides FS (Flowable Suspension)
Composition %
Pyraclostrobin 0.1 to 20.0
Fungicide (Thiram or Tebuconazole) 0.05 to 20.0
Insecticide (Imidacloprid or Thiamethoxam or Clothianidin or Fipronil) 1 to 8.0
Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohol 3.50
Nonionic polyalkylene glycol ether 2.00
Acrylic graft copolymer 3.00
Alkylated naphtalene sulfonate, sodium salt 0.80
Bentonite Clay 0.20
Silicone antifoam 0.30
Benzisothiazoline 0.05
Glycol 5.00
Polysaccharides 0.15
Azo dye 2.00
D.M. Water qs
TOTAL 100.00

Procedure: As per Example 1
Example 3: Pyraclostrobin+Thiram+Insecticides SC (Suspension Concentrate)
Composition %
Pyraclostrobin 0.1 to 20.0
Fungicide (Thiram or Tebuconazole) 0.05 to 20.0
Insecticide (Imidacloprid or Thiamethoxam or Clothianidin or Fipronil) 1 to 8.0
Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohol 3.50
Nonionic polyalkylene glycol ether 2.00
Acrylic graft copolymer 3.00
Alkylated naphtalene sulfonate, sodium salt 0.80
Bentonite Clay 0.20
Silicone antifoam 0.30
Benzisothiazoline 0.05
Glycol 5.00
Polysaccharides 0.15
D.M. Water qs
TOTAL 100.00

Procedure:
Step 1 Gum Solution should be made 12-18 hour prior to use. Take required quantity of water, biocide, and defoamer and homogenize, then slowly add gum powder to it and stir till complete dissolution.
Step 2 Charge required quantity of DM water need to be taken in designated vessel for Flowable concentrate/ Suspension concentrate/ Flowable slurry production.
Step 3 Add required quantity of Wetting agent, dispersing agent & suspending agents, colourant/deye and homogenize the contents for 45 – 60 minutes using high shear homogenizer.
Step 4 Then add technical and other remaining adjuvants excluding ‘antifreeze & thickeners’ are added to it and homogenized to get uniform slurry ready for grinding.
Step 5 Before grinding half the quantity of antifoam was added and then material was subjected to three cycles of grinding in Dyno mill.
Step 6 Half quantity of the antifoam was added along with antifreeze after grinding process completes and before sampling for in process analysis.
Step 7 Finally add gum solution to this formulation and send to QC for quality check

Example 4: Pyraclostrobin+Thiram+Insecticides WG (Water Dispersible Granules)
Composition %
Pyraclostrobin 0.1 to 20.0
Fungicide (Thiram or Tebuconazole) 0.05 to 20.0
Insecticide (Imidacloprid or Thiamethoxam or Clothianidin or Fipronil) 1 to 8.0
Alkylated naphtalene sulfonate, sodium salt 3.00
Sodium Polycarboxylate 8.00
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 2.00
Silicone antifoam 0.30
Lactose anhydrous 5.00
Sodium SulfateAnhydrous 3.00
China Clay qs
TOTAL 100.00

Procedure:
Step 1 Charge the required quantity of filler, wetting agent, dispersing agent, and suspending agent, & technical in premixing blender for homogenization for 30 minutes.
Step 2 Pre-blended material is than grinded through Jet mill/ air classifier mills. Finely grinded material is blended in post blender till it becomes homogeneous. (for approx 1.5 hr)
Step 3 Homogeneous material is analysed. After getting approval from QC dept. material is unloaded into 25 kg. HDPE bag with LDPE liner inside.
Step 4 Finely grinded powder is mixer with required quantity of water to form extrudable dough.
Step 5 Dough is passed through extruder to get granules of required size.
Step 6 Wet granules are passed through Fluidised bed drier and further graded using vibrating screens.
Step 7 Final product is sent for QC approval.
Step 8 After approval material is packed in requied pack sizes.

Example 5: Pyraclostrobin+Thiram+Insecticides WP (Wettable Powder)
Composition %
Pyraclostrobin 0.1 to 20.0
Fungicide (Thiram or Tebuconazole) 0.05 to 20.0
Insecticide (Imidacloprid or Thiamethoxam or Clothianidin or Fipronil) 1 to 8.0
Alkylated naphtalene sulfonate, sodium salt 9.00
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 5.00
Silicone antifoam 0.50
Silica 15.00
China Clay qs
TOTAL 100.00

Procedure:
Step 1 Charge the required quantity of filler, wetting agent, dispersing agent, and suspending agent, & technical in premixing blender for homogenization for 30 minutes.
Step 2 Pre-blended material is than grinded through Jet mill/ air classifier mills. Finely grinded material is blended in post blender till it becomes homogeneous. (for approx. 1.5 hr)
Step 3 Homogeneous material is analysed. After getting approval from QC dept. material is unloaded into 25 kg. HDPE bag with LDPE liner inside.

Example 6 : Stability study
6.1: Storage stability Study-Pyraclostrobin 3.5%+Thiram 15%+Clothianidin 22.5% FS (Flowable Suspension)
Specification Initial Heat stability study at 54 + 2 0C for 14 days Cold storage stability at 0 + 2 0C for 14 days
Parameters In House
Description colored liquid Complies Complies Complies
Pyraclostrobin Content 3.325-3.85 3.7 3.5 3.65
Thiram content 14.25-15.75 15.5 15.4 15.5
Clothianidin Content 21.375-23.625 22.7 22.45 22.65
Pyraclostrobin Suspensibility Mini 80% 98 98 99
Thiram Suspensibility Mini 80% 98 98 99
Clothianidin Suspensibility Mini 80% 98 98 99
pH 5.0-9.0 6.5 6.5 6.5
Particle size D50 <3, D90 <10 2.5, 8 2.5, 8 2.9, 8.9
Pourability 95 % min 97 96 97
Specific gravity 1.05 – 1.15 1.1 1.1 1.1
Viscosity 350 -900 cps 500 510 530

Room Temperature storage data
Specification Study Duration

Parameters In House 1 month 6 month 12 months 24 months
Description colored liquid Complies Complies Complies Complies
Pyraclostrobin Content 3.325-3.85 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5
Thiram content 14.25-15.75 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.4
Clothianidin Content 21.375-23.625 22.7 22.7 22.7 22.45
Pyraclostrobin Suspensibility Mini 80% 98 98 98 98
Thiram Suspensibility Mini 80% 98 98 98 98
Clothianidin Suspensibility Mini 80% 98 98 98 98
pH 5.0-9.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
Particle size D50 <3, D90 <10 2.5, 8 2.5, 8 2.5, 8 2.5, 8
Pourability 95 % min 97 97 97 96
Specific gravity 1.05 – 1.15 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Viscosity 350 -900 cps 500 500 500 510

6.2: Storage stability Study-Pyraclostrobin 3.5%+Thiram 15%+Clothianidin 22.5% WG (Water Dispersible Granules)
Specification Initial Heat stability study at 54 + 2 0C for 14 days Cold storage stability at 0 + 2 0C for 14 days
Parameters In House
Description Beige granules Complies Complies Complies
Pyraclostrobin Content 3.325-3.85 3.7 3.5 3.65
Thiram content 14.25-15.75 15.5 15.4 15.5
Clothianidin Content 21.375-23.625 22.7 22.45 22.65
Pyraclostrobin Suspensibility Mini 70% 98 98 99
Thiram Suspensibility Mini 70% 98 98 99
Clothianidin Suspensibility Mini 70% 98 98 99
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 99.6 99.5
Bulk Density 0.45-0.85 0.5 0.5 0.5
Moisture Content Max 2.0% 1.5 1.5 1.5

Room Temperature storage data
Specification Study Duration
Parameters In House 1 month 6 month 12 months 24 months
Description Beige granules Complies Complies Complies Complies
Pyraclostrobin Content 3.325-3.85 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5
Thiram content 14.25-15.75 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.4
Clothianidin Content 21.375-23.625 22.7 22.7 22.7 22.45
Pyraclostrobin Suspensibility Mini 70% 98 99 95 95
Thiram Suspensibility Mini 70% 98 99 99 99
Clothianidin Suspensibility Mini 70% 98 99 95 95
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 99.6 99.6 99.6
Bulk Density 0.45-0.85 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Moisture Content Max 2.0% 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

6.3: Storage stability Study-Pyraclostrobin 3.5%+Thiram 15%+Clothianidin 22.5% WP (Wettable Powder)
Specification Initial Heat stability study at 54 + 2 0C for 14 days Cold storage stability at 0 + 2 0C for 14 days
Parameters In House
Description Off white powder Complies Complies Complies
Pyraclostrobin Content 3.325-3.85 3.7 3.5 3.65
Thiram content 14.25-15.75 15.5 15.4 15.5
Clothianidin Content 21.375-23.625 22.7 22.45 22.65
Pyraclostrobin Suspensibility Mini 70% 98 98 99
Thiram Suspensibility Mini 70% 98 98 99
Clothianidin Suspensibility Mini 70% 98 98 99
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 99.6 99.5
Bulk Density 0.20-0.25 0.2 0.2 0.2

Room Temperature storage data
Specification Study Duration

Parameters In House 1 month 6 month 12 months 24 months
Description Off white powder Complies Complies Complies Complies
Pyraclostrobin Content 3.325-3.85 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5
Thiram content 14.25-15.75 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.4
Clothianidin Content 21.375-23.625 22.7 22.7 22.7 22.45
Pyraclostrobin Suspensibility Mini 70% 98 99 95 95
Thiram Suspensibility Mini 70% 98 99 99 99
Clothianidin Suspensibility Mini 70% 98 99 95 95
pH 4 to 6 5 5 5 5
Wettability Max 30 s 10 10 10 10
Wet Sieve(45 micron) Mini 98.5% 99.6 99.6 99.6 99.6
Bulk Density 0.20-0.25 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Example 7: Field efficacy trials
Bioefficacy studies were carried out in different crops. Various formulations containing composition of Pyraclostrobin, Tebuconazole or Thiram and one insecticide from Imidaclorprid, Thiamethoxam, Clothianidin or Fipronil were developed and evaluated for their efficacy against insect-pest and diseases, effect on growth and vigor of plants, germinations, impact on yield and yield attributing characters.
Table : 1 Sample Compositions
Sr.No. Compositions
Sample 1 Pyracl 3.5%+Tebu 0.4%+Imida 22.5% FS
Sample 2 Pyracl 3.5%+Tebu 0.4%+Thiam 22.5% FS
Sample 3 Pyracl 3.5%+Tebu 0.4%+Cloth 22.5% FS
Sample 4 Pyracl 3.5%+Tebu 0.4%+Fipro 22.5% FS
Sample 5 Pyracl 3.5%+Thira 15%+Imida 22.5% FS
Sample 6 Pyracl 3.5%+Thira 15%+Thiam 22.5% FS
Sample 7 Pyracl 3.5%+Thira 15%+Cloth 22.5% FS
Sample 8 Pyracl 3.5%+Thira 15%+Fipro 22.5% FS
Sample 9 Pyracl 3.5%+Tebu 0.4% FS
Sample 10 Tebu 0.4%+Imida 22.5% FS
Sample 11 Tebu 0.4%+Thiam 22.5% FS
Sample 12 Tebu 0.4%+Cloth 22.5% FS
Sample 13 Tebu 0.4%+Fipro 22.5% FS
Sample 14 Pyracl 3.5%+Thira 15% FS
Sample 15 Thira 15%+Imida 22.5% FS
Sample 16 Thira 15%+Thiam 22.5% FS
Sample 17 Thira 15%+Cloth 22.5% FS
Sample 18 Thira 15%+Fipro 22.5% FS
Sample 19 Pyracl 3.5%+Imida 22.5% FS
Sample 20 Pyracl 3.5%+Thiam 22.5% FS
Sample 21 Pyracl 3.5%+Cloth 22.5% FS
Sample 22 Pyracl 3.5%+Fipro 22.5% FS
Sample 23 Pyracl 3.5% FS
Sample 24 Tebu 0.4% FS
Sample 25 Thira 15% FS
Sample 26 Imida 22.5% FS
Sample 27 Thiam 22.5% FS
Sample 28 Cloth 22.5% FS
Sample 29 Fipro 22.5% FS
Sample 30 Untreated Check

FS – Flowable Suspsension, Pyracl –Pyraclostrobin, Tebu- Tebuconazole, Thira –Thiram, Imida –Imidacloprid, Thiam- Thiamethoxam, Cloth –Clothianidin, Fipro –Fipronil.

Trial 1 : Effect of seed treatment on Soybean germinations and diseases and insects incidence
The seed of soybean (Glycine max) variety JS-335 were treated with various samples and 100 number of treated seeds were sown in each pots. Each pot represents one replication, such 4 replications per samples were taken. The pot soil was sick with Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora sojae and Sclerotium rolfsii. The laboratory reared culture of insects, Termite and White grub were releases artificially and allowed to build up before taking the pot experiment. Regular watering were done. The observations on seed germination were recorded at 10 days after sowing. The root rot incidence and insects damage data were recorded and represented in the below table.

Table 2 : Effect of Soybean seed treatment on germination, soil borne diseases and insect incidence
Sr.No. Formulation Dose per 10 kg seed gram active ingredient per 10 kg seed Germination (%) Root Rot Incidence (%) Termite Damage (%) White Grub Larvae
Sample 1 70 2.45+0.28+15.75 98 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sample 2 70 2.45+0.28+15.75 98 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sample 3 70 2.45+0.28+15.75 99 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sample 4 70 2.45+0.28+15.75 93 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sample 5 70 2.45+10.50+15.75 98 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sample 6 70 2.45+10.50+15.75 98 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sample 7 70 2.45+10.50+15.75 99 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sample 8 70 2.45+10.50+15.75 97 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sample 9 70 2.45+0.28 85 2.8 10.6 1.8
Sample 10 70 0.28+15.75 87 3.8 1.6 0.8
Sample 11 70 0.28+15.75 85 4.4 1.8 0.6
Sample 12 70 0.28+15.75 86 4.2 1.6 0.4
Sample 13 70 0.28+15.75 84 5.2 2.0 1.2
Sample 14 70 2.45+10.50 80 3.2 20.6 3.6
Sample 15 70 10.50+15.75 84 4.6 2.2 1.2
Sample 16 70 10.50+15.75 86 4.8 2.0 1.0
Sample 17 70 10.50+15.75 87 4.4 1.8 0.6
Sample 18 70 10.50+15.75 83 6.2 2.6 1.4
Sample 19 70 2.45+15.75 89 4.1 1.4 0.5
Sample 20 70 2.45+15.75 87 4.2 1.4 0.6
Sample 21 70 2.45+15.75 87 3.6 1.2 0.2
Sample 22 70 2.45+15.75 86 5.4 1.5 0.7
Sample 23 70 2.45 84 7.8 14.8 2.4
Sample 24 70 0.28 80 9.6 16.2 3.2
Sample 25 70 10.50 78 11.8 24.8 4.2
Sample 26 70 15.75 82 16.8 1.5 0.7
Sample 27 70 15.75 83 18.6 1.6 0.8
Sample 28 70 15.75 84 19.4 1.5 0.6
Sample 29 70 15.75 82 22.6 1.7 0.8
Sample 30 0 0.00 70 30.4 25.6 4.8

Root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani, Termite species includes Microtermes spp. And Odontotermes spp., Whtiegrub includes Holotrichia consanguinea, Holotrichia serrata .
The results of pot experimental data reveal that the sample 1 to 8 gives higher germinations percentage compared to sample 9 to 30. Early germination was also observed where soybean seeds treated with sample 1 to 8. The seed treatment with sample 1 to 8 also provides excellent control of Root rot disease complex caused by Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora sojae, Sclerotium rolfsii. The termite damage was not observed in seed treatment with sample 1 to 8. The larval population of white grub was also not observed in sample 1 to 8, whereas termite damage and white grub larval population were observed in seed treatment with sample 9 to 30.

Table 3 : Influence of seed primers on yield parameters of Soybean

Sr.No. Formulation Dose per 10 kg seed gram active ingredient per 10 kg seed Root Length (cm) Shoot Length (cm) No. of Pods per Plant
Sample 1 70 2.45+0.28+15.75 25.8 13.6 42.8
Sample 2 70 2.45+0.28+15.75 26.2 13.8 43.6
Sample 3 70 2.45+0.28+15.75 26.6 14.6 44.2
Sample 4 70 2.45+0.28+15.75 25.2 13.2 41.6
Sample 5 70 2.45+10.50+15.75 26.8 13.8 42.8
Sample 6 70 2.45+10.50+15.75 27.0 14.6 43.8
Sample 7 70 2.45+10.50+15.75 27.2 14.8 44.6
Sample 8 70 2.45+10.50+15.75 27.0 13.6 42.0
Sample 9 70 2.45+0.28 17.2 9.4 27.4
Sample 10 70 0.28+15.75 16.2 9.6 28.0
Sample 11 70 0.28+15.75 16.8 9.4 28.6
Sample 12 70 0.28+15.75 17.2 9.6 28.8
Sample 13 70 0.28+15.75 15.2 9.2 27.4
Sample 14 70 2.45+10.50 14.6 8.4 25.4
Sample 15 70 10.50+15.75 16.4 9.4 28.6
Sample 16 70 10.50+15.75 16.8 9.2 28.2
Sample 17 70 10.50+15.75 17.0 9.6 28.4
Sample 18 70 10.50+15.75 16.0 8.8 27.8
Sample 19 70 2.45+15.75 16.8 9.6 28.6
Sample 20 70 2.45+15.75 17.2 9.6 29.6
Sample 21 70 2.45+15.75 17.4 9.9 30.4
Sample 22 70 2.45+15.75 16.4 9.2 28.6
Sample 23 70 2.45 10.2 7.2 17.4
Sample 24 70 0.28 7.2 6.6 12.2
Sample 25 70 10.50 7.0 6.2 11.8
Sample 26 70 15.75 8.8 6.8 14.8
Sample 27 70 15.75 9.2 7.4 15.8
Sample 28 70 15.75 9.8 7.2 16.2
Sample 29 70 15.75 7.6 6.6 13.6
Sample 30 0 0.00 6.8 5.6 9.8

The observations on plant vigor like root length, shoot length and yield enhancing characters like number of pods per plant were also recorded from pot experiment. Soybean seeds treated with sample 1 to 8 show higher root length and shoot length as compared to seeds treated with sample 9 to 30. The seeds treated with sample 1 to 8 also bear more number of soybean pods compared to other samples, and this helps in higher seed production of soybean.

Trial 2 : Effect of seed treatment on Groundnut
Another pot experiment were conducted on Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) to study the synergism between Pyraclostrobin, Tebuconazole or Thiram and one more insecticides selected from Imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam, Clothianidin or Fipronil. The Groundnut seeds are treated with various composition as below :
1. Pyraclostrobin 3.5%+ Thiram 15%+Clothianidin 22.5% FS
2. Pyraclostrobin 3.5%+Thiram 15% FS
3. Pyraclostrobin 3.5%+Clothianidin 22.5% FS
4. Thiram 15%+Clothianidin 22.5% FS
5. Pyraclostrobin 3.5% FS
6. Thiram 15% FS
7. Clothianidin 22.5% FS
The treated seed were sown in the pot, filled with sick soil, inoculated with soil borne fungus, Rhizoctonia spp., Phytophthora spp., Sclerotium spp. The groundnut seeds were also inoculated with Aspergillus niger before seed treatment. 100 seeds were sown per pot and 4 replications per treatment. The observations on seed germination were recorded after two weeks.
The synergistic pesticidal action of the inventive composition calculated as follows :
E = [A + B + C]- [{AB}+{BC}+{AC}] / 100 + [ {ABC}/10000]

in which, E = Expected percentage of Insecticidal or fungicidal control for the combination of three active ingredient, A is the percentage of insecticidal or fungicidal control observed by active ingredient I at defined dose, B is the percentage of insecticidal or fungicidal control observed by Active Ingredient II at defined dose, C is the percentage of insecticidal or fungicidal control observed by Active Ingredient III at defined dose. When the percentage of insecticidal or fungicidal control observed for the combination is greater than the expected percentage, there is a synergistic effect. (Ratio of O/E > 1, means synergism observed.).

Table 4 : Effect of seed treatment on Groundnut
Treatments Rate per 10 kg seed g.a.i per 10 kg seed % Groundnut germination
Observed Value Expected Value Ratio O/E
Pyraclostrobin 3.5%+Thiram 15%+Clothianidin 22.5% FS 70 2.45+10.5+15.75 100 84.72 1.18
Pyraclostrobin 3.5%+Thiram 15% FS 70 2.45+10.5 66 74.54 0.89
Pyraclostrobin 3.5%+Clothianidin 22.5% FS 70 2.45+15.75 75 77.20 0.97
Thiram 15%+Clothianidin 22.5% FS 70 10.5+15.75 58 59.80 0.97
Pyraclostrobin 3.5% FS 70 2.45 62
Thiram 15% FS 70 10.50 33
Clothianidin 22.5% FS 70 15.75 40
FS- Flowable Suspension, O- Observed value, E –Expected Value

The observations on seed germination shows that synergistic activity observed between Pyraclostrobin, Thiram and Clothianidin. This inventive mixture provides good control on soil borne fungus which causes pre-emergence and post emergence seedling rot in groundnut.

Trial 3 : Control of Leaf miner and Early blight in Tomato
To study the synergistic effect of Pyraclostrobin, Tebuconazole and Thiamethoxam, field experiments were conducted with plot size of 5m x 4m. The tomato seedling were transplanted and raised as per the normal agronomic practices. The leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii and Early blight, Altenaria solani disease were allowed to build up naturally. The spraying was done manually with knapsack sprayer with 500 liter water per hectare and two continuous applications were done at 10 days interval. The assessment for leaf miner was done by counting the number of infested and healthy trifoliate leaves per plant and percent leaf miner control was calculated as below :
% Leaf miner control = 100 – 100 x (Number of infested leaves / Number of Infested + Number of Healthy leaves)

The observations on Early blight (caused by Alternaria solani) :
Disease intensity will be assessed using following disease rating scale.
Score Symptoms
0 No symptom of disease on plant
1 Small, irregular brown spots covering 1% or less the leaf area
3 Small, irregular brown spots with concentric rings, covering 1-10% leaf area
5 Lesion enlarging, irregular brown spots with concentric rings, covering 11-25% leaf area
7 Lesions coalesce to form irregular dark brown patches with concentric rings, covering 26-50% of leaf area, Lesions on stem and petioles
9 Lesions coalesce to form irregular dark brown patches with concentric rings, covering more than 51% of leaf area, Lesions on stem and petioles

Sum of all disease rating x 100
Percent Disease Intensity (PDI) = -----------------------------------------------------
Total number of leaves assessed x Maximum rating

% Disease Control = 100 – (100 – PDI in treatment / PDI in Untreated plot)

Table 5 : Efficacy against Tomato Leaf miner and Early blight
Treatments Spray Concentration (ml / l water) % Leaf miner control % Early Blight Control
Observed Value Expected Value Ratio O/E Observed Value Expected Value Ratio O/E
Pyraclostrobin 12%+Tebuconazole 15%+Thiamethoxam 10% SC 1.25 ml 98 82.60 1.19 97.8 89.12 1.10
Pyraclostrobin 12%+Tebuconazole 15% SC 1.25 ml 20 24.35 0.82 82.2 88.02 0.93
Pyraclostrobin 12%+Thiamethoxam 10% SC 1.25 ml 78 79.53 0.98 70.6 73.85 0.96
Tebuconazole 15%+Thiamethoxam 10% SC 1.25 ml 74 80.45 0.92 56.4 62.23 0.91
Pyraclostrobin 12% SC 1.25 ml 11 71.2
Tebuconazole 15% SC 1.25 ml 15 58.4
Thiamethoxam 10% SC 1.25 ml 77 9.2

Tomato leaf miner and Early blight disease very well controlled by inventive mixture of Pyraclostrobin 12% +Tebuconazole 15% +Thiamethoxam 10% SC as compared to their two way mixtures and solo use. Good synergistic activity was observed in terms of Leaf miner control and early blight disease control.
,CLAIMS:We claim;

[Claim 1]. A formulated pesticidal composition comprising of (A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides and one or more customary formulation adjuvants.
[Claim 2]. A formulated pesticidal composition comprising of (A) Pyraclostrobin (B) Insecticides (C) fungicides of claim 1 wherein insecticide may be selected from Clothianidin, Imidacloprid, Fipronil, Thiamethoxam and fungicide (s) may be selected from Tebuconazole and Thiram and one or more customary formulation adjuvants.
[Claim 3]. The formulated pesticidal composition according to claim 1 or 2, comprises 0.1 to 20% w/w of Pyraclostrobin, 1 to 80 % w/w of Insecticides and 0.05 to 20% w/w of fungicides.
[Claim 4]. The formulated pesticidal composition according to claims 1-3, wherein inactive excipients can be selected from the group consisting of dispersant, anti-freezing agent, anti-foam agent, wetting agent, suspension aid, anti-microbial agent, thickener, quick coating agent or sticking agents and buffering agent.
[Claim 5]. The formulated pesticidal composition according to claims 1-3 wherein the preferred formulation are Flowable Slurry (FS), Flowable Suspension(FS), Suspension Concentrate (SC),Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible granules (WDG) and Wettable powders (WP).
[Claim 6]. The formulated pesticidal composition according to any preceding claims, wherein the said formulation is used for control fungi and insects in Cotton (Gossypium spp.), Wheat (Triticum aestavum), Maize (Zea mays), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), Rice (Oryza sativa), Soybean (Glycin max), Groundnut/Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Mustard (Brassica juncea), Rape seed (Brassica napus), Castor (Ricinus communis), Green gram (Vigna radiate), Black gram (Vigna mungo), Chickpea (Cicer aritinum), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Redgram (Cajanus cajan), Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Indian bean (Lablab purpureus), Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), Field pea (Pisum sativum), Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), Lentils (Lens culinaris), Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) , and GMO derivatives thereof.
[Claim 7]. The formulated pesticidal composition according to claims 1 and 2, wherein the mixture is selected from Pyraclostrobin + Thiram + Clothianidin, Pyraclostrobin + Thiram + Thiamethoxam, Pyraclostrobin + Thiram + Imidacloprid and Pyraclostrobin + Thiram + Fipronil.
[Claim 8]. The formulated pesticidal composition according to claim 7, wherein the mixture is Pyraclostrobin+Thiram+Clothianidin is the most preferred.
[Claim 9]. The formulated pesticidal composition according to any preceding claims, wherein seeds treated with mixture is applied in an amount of from 0.1 ml or g 5000 ml or g per 100 kg of seeds. Most preferred amount is from 10 ml or g to 2000 ml or g per 100 kg seeds.
[Claim 10]. The formulated pesticidal composition according to any preceding claims, wherein compositions are applied in an amount of from 1 ml or g/ha to 5000 ml or g/ha as foliar spray, soil drench, soil broadcast, through drip irrigation.
[Claim 11]. The formulated pesticidal composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the said formulation is used to control.