4. DESCRIPTION:

The title of invention PIC-MICROCONTROLLER BASED GREEN HOUSE MONITERING SYSTEM covers the broad area of embedded systems and automotive engineering w.r.t agriculture, the summary objective and the statement of the above mentioned invention is written here.

We live in a world where everything can be controlled and operated automatically, but there are still a few important sectors in our country where automation has not been adopted or not been put to a full-fledged use, perhaps because of several reasons one such reason is cost. One such field is that of agriculture. It has been one of the primary occupations of man since early civilizations and even today manual interventions in farming are inevitable. Greenhouses form an important part of the agriculture and horticulture sectors in our country as they can be used to grow plants under controlled climatic conditions for optimum produce. Automating a greenhouse envisages monitoring and controlling of the climatic parameters which directly or indirectly govern the plant growth and hence their produce. Automation is process control of industrial machinery and processes, thereby replacing human operators. The demand in the society is increasing day by day; to meet these demands the farmers has to come over the problems that they are finding to get optimum result. The parameters that decides the growth of the plant depends on temperature, humidity, intensity of light and the moisture content of the soil which pays a major role. Continuous monitoring of these parameters is most important. So we had strong desire to serve the field of agriculture, by developing a system which can take care of all these with better results, were maximum resources can be used by well planning and we can save the resources and increase the growth, we fulfilled our desire by bringing out an effective product which is our invention that has been mentioned here, it helps most of the modern farmers. In this system we have made our best effort to meet the conditions required to get optimum growth, we have successfully implemented this system in real time and we have got the better results like good efficiency than the existing systems. Most of the systems are suitable for laboratory purpose than the real time, but our system is responding very well in both laboratory as well as the real time system which has boost up the efficiency on comparison with other systems.

Brief description of the drawings:

Fig 1 is a block diagram of the complete system describes about present invention.

Fig 2 Schematic of LDR sensor circuit and connection to PIC-controller.

Fig 3 Schematic of Temperature sensor circuit and connection to PIC- controller.

Fig 4 Soil Moisture sensor schematic with PIC-Controller connection.

Fig 5 Humidity sensor pin-out.

Fig 6 Schematic of power supply unit.

Fig 7 is a pin-out diagram of 16x2 LCD with data lines from microcontroller.

Fig 8 Relay circuitry connection with PIC-Controller and output AC devices.

Fig 9 is a basic pin-out diagram of PIC microcontroller with input output modules of present invention.

Detailed description of an embodiment

Referring to the drawings and in particular to fig-1, it is a system block diagram containing four sensor modules [101,102,103,104] of this invention, connected to a PIC microcontroller 105, in this figure, 101 is a temperature sensor which of analog type, it gives an analog output to controller, further 102 is a humidity sensor which converts the relative humidity to the dc-voltage. 103 is a LDR [light dependent resistor] it is a resistor that is sensitive to light intensity and the value across this is noted as the output voltage which is fed to controller as an input. 103 is a soil moisture sensor this works on a basic principle of change in conductivity in soil by measuring the voltage across the two probes, this voltage value is fed to controller. The main block is 105 i.e., PIC Microcontroller the controller used here is 18f452 which controls all the required parameters of the system. 106 is a 16x2 LCD display unit by Hitachi which works on 5volts power supply. 107 is a relay interfaced AC circuits to switch AC and DC on getting a signal from controller. [108,109,110,111] these are all the output systems which depends on the output signal from the controller. All the AC devices are handled by relays.[101 -111] represents the complete block diagram of this invention. Further moving on to the individual circuit description of the four sensors which was mentioned in 100 can be seen here. 200 is a Light sensor or a LDR sensor, this circuit typically uses 202, 201 and +5v power supply for effective working, the voltage is taken between 201 and 202 terminal which is fed to microcontroller which is analog input i.e., it is in DC-voltage, this DC-V is obtained by change in the resistance offered by the LDR when it is subjected to light, here 202 is used to calibrate the sensor, if the value of the 202 is varied the range of the 201 is varied , therefore depending upon the situation and the place where we are installing this sensor the 202 has to be chosen accordingly here we are using a range of 6ft - 7ft from the light source which can determined easily with the current value of the 202. The circuit is grounded. The 203 is connected to the RA1 pin of the controller which is represented in the fig-2 of this invention. In 300 we have main two parts which is 301 and 302, here 301 is a standard temperature sensor form National Instruments i.e., LM-35 which is a analog IC which has a accuracy of 0.5 degC, the pin-1 of 301 is connected to the +5v power supply and 301's 3rd pin is grounded whereas the 2nd pin is given to a IkO resistor the resistor lead is connected to the controller, 302 is connected to the RAO pin of the controller which is represented in the fig-3 of this invention. The basic concept that is mentioned in fig-4 i.e., 400 depends on the conductivity of the soil. This conductivity is measured using two 1mm copper leads of 10 inches each. The one end of copper leads are inserted into the soil, the inserted depth was 4 to 5 inches and the other end of the leads are connected to the circuit that is mentioned in 400. Where 403 is 100C! fixed resistor to copper lead and the 401 i.e., is a transistor it is a npn transistor, depending on the conductivity of the soil the signal obtained is amplified and given to controller RA2 pin. 402 is a variable resistor of 10k Ω value this resistor is used to calibrate the sensitivity of the copper leads. The fig-5 is a SY-HS-220 a humidity sensor which converts the relative humidity into DC-voltage. 501 is ground that is connected to the common ground. 502 is a V-out connected to the RA3 pin of the microcontroller, 503 is given to power supply. All these sensors that has been described till now is connected to the PIC microcontroller of this invention. Fig-6 is a power supply unit which is a main and important part of all the circuits the AC mains we are getting can't be fed into the electronic circuits as they work in low voltage mode. To convert the AC to DC we are using this circuit. This circuit consists 601 which is the AC mains input of 220-230 v, 50Hz connected to a 12-0-12 step down transformer which brings down the 220v to 12v, the primary of 602 is connect to AC mains and the secondary of 602 is connected to 603, it is a bridge rectifier with 4 diodes connected as a bridge, which converts the AC signal into pulsating DC signal, the diodes used for rectifier is IN-4007, 604 is a 1000Uf electrolytic capacitor which removes the ac elements in the circuit, then the signal is passed to 605, which is a 7805 regulator IC, this again steps down the 12v from transformer into 5v which is the desired voltage for the operation, 7805 IC's 2nd pin is connected to ground and 3rd pin is connected to 606, which is a 10u.F electrolytic capacitor acts a filter and the pure dc is obtained at 605 with voltage value of 5 volts. Fig-7 of the invention describes about the LCD and its pin-out configurations, here 701 is the control signals of the LCD, 702 is the ground and the VCC pins, 703 is the data pins of the LCD which is connected to the controller, 704 are the control pins used to lit the back light of the LCD and the variable resistor connected here is used to vary the intensity of the LCD. Fig-8 of the invention is a relay circuitry, 801 is a diode IN-4146 is connected in parallel with the relay, and the connected diode is reverse biased for protection of reverse flow of current. 802 is 12v relay connected to 803 a BC-107 transistor, the base terminal of the transistor is connected to 804 which is the output port of the controller, 805 are the 3 relay contact pins connected to the AC devices like cooler, sprayer, lights, pump etc., depending on the output of the controller these devices are driven to high or low levels. Fig-9 is a Pin out description of PIC Microcontroller 18f452 with the input-output modules. The input modules are the sensor modules and the output ones are 16x2 LCD that has been described in this invention earlier at 700 [fig-7], in fig-9 [900] of this invention, 901 is a 20 pin dip microcontroller by Microchip company, the controller used is 18f452 or we can also use 18f4520 which gives the same output, this 901 is having 32k flash memory. 902 are the 11th and 32nd pins of the 901 where the input 5volts are given, 903 are the 12th and 31st pin of the 901 which are connected to the common ground of the circuit, 904 is have 4 pins i.e., 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th pins which are used as the input to the sensor modules, the 904 tells which type of sensor is connected to which pin of 901, similarly 905 is also having 4 pins which tells about the output devices that are connected to the 901 of this invention, the pins that are utilized by 905 are 33rd, 34th, 35th and 36th, these pins are connected to the relay circuitry that has been described earlier in 800 section of this invention, now 906 is a crystal, which is represented as X-tal that generates a clock frequency of 4 MHz for the operation of this invention, further this 906 is connected to pin number 13th and 14th of this invention with the help of 907 which is a capacitive circuit that is connected to 906 and 901, this 907 uses two capacitors CI and C2 , which has the value of 22pF each, this complete circuit generates the clock frequency that is required for this invention, the 908 of this invention is the 15th and 16th pin of LCD, these points were discussed earlier in 700 of this invention. 909 is the three pins of LCD Vod, Vo and Vs used to vary or set the contrast of the LCD, with a POT that is connected to Vo of this invention, and the Vod is connected with a 5 volt power supply, Vs is connected to the common ground of this invention, 910 is the 6th pin of the LCD, i.e., the enable pin which connected to the 16th pin of the 901, this pin is very much important because this enables the LCD to interact with the PIC by sending the required signals , 911 is the 5th pin of the LCD which is used when we are sending any data from the PIC to LCD as this pin will be active to indicate it is reading or writing the data, this is connected to the 17th pin of 901, 912 is the 4th pin of LCD, which is the register select pin, i.e., RS, when RS=0 means that the instruction register is selected. RS=l means that the data register is selected, these commands are sent by the 901 and the 18th pin of the 901 is connected to the 912, the 913 is having 8 pins from pin number 7 of LCD to pin 14, which are the data lines for LCD that is connected to 901's 19th, 20th, 21st, 22nd, 27th, 28th, 29th and the 30th pin respectively of this invention. By this the complete construction of the circuit has been explained from Fig-1 [100] to Fig-9 [900].
The 901 has to be programmed, this programming was done by using MP-Lab software, the program was compiled using C-18 compiler and then the program's hex code was dumped onto 901 by using PIC-Kit 2. The programming technique that was used is given below.

Programming the PIC Controller using MP-Lab:

/*VARIABLE DECLARATION:*/

#include
#include

#pragma config OSC = HS /* Configure oscillator for High speed operation*/ j
#pragma config WDT = OFF /* Disabling watchdog timer */
#pragma config DEBUG = OFF /*OFF Starting background debug mode */
#pragma config STVR = OFF /* Starting background debug mode */
#pragma config LVP = OFF /* Disabling Low Voltage Programming */
#pragma config BOR = OFF /* Disabling Brown Out Reset */

#define LCD PORTD
#define LCD_RS PORTCbits.RCl
#define LCD_RW PORTCbits.RC2
#define LCD_EN PORTCbits.RC3
#define mybitO PORTBbits.RBO
#define mybitl PORTBbits.RBl
#define mybit2 PORTBbits.RB2
#define mybit3 PORTBbits.RB3

/*----------------------------------
prototype DECLARATION: */

void lcd_initial(void);
void delaylOms(unsigned char);
void initial_msgs(void);
void project_msg(void);
void cmd_wrt(unsigned char);
void data_wrt(unsigned char);
void write(unsigned char);
void displaydata (unsigned char*);
void displaydatal (unsigned char*, unsigned char*);
void adc_configt(void);
void adc_configi(void);
void adc_configh(void);
void adc_configs(void);
unsigned int adc_datat(void);
unsigned int adc_datai(void);
unsigned int adc_datas(void);
unsigned int adc_datah(void);
void temp(void);
void inty(void);
void humi(void);
void soil(void);

/****************************************************/

unsigned char pml[]="GREEN HOUSE DEMO ";
unsigned char pm2[]=" PIC18F452 ";
unsigned char tempe[]="T= degC ";
unsigned char inten[]="l= %";
unsigned char soilM[]="SM= % ";
unsigned char hum[]="HUM= %";

unsigned char length;
unsigned int adct, adci ,adcs, adch, l_byte, h_byte, bin_temp;
unsigned char arrayt[8];
unsigned char arrayi[8];
unsigned char arrays[8];
unsigned char arrayh[8];

/***************************************************/

void main()
{
unsigned int templ=0,intyl=0;
TRISD = OxOO; /* Configure PORTD as output*/
TRISA = 0x03;
TRISC=0x00;
delaylOms(lO);
initial_msgs();
lcd_initial();
TRISBbits.TRISBO=0;
TRISBbits.TRISBl=0;
TRISBbits.TRISB2=0;
TRISBbits.TRISB3=0;
cmd_wrt(0x80);
displaydata(tempe);
cmd_wrt(0x87);
displaydata(inten);
cmd_wrt(OxCO);
displaydata(soilM);
cmd_wrt(0xC7);
displaydata(hum);

while(l)
{
temp();
delay10ms(10);
inty();
delay10ms(10);
soil();
delay10ms(10);
humi();
delay10ms(10);
}
}

/*--------------------------------------------------* /

void initial_msgs()

{

TRISD = 0x00; /* Configure PORTD as output*/
LCD = 0xFF; /* Initialize PORTD*/
TRISC= 0x00;
project_msg();
delayl0ms(200);
}

/*--------------------------------------------------* /
void project_msg()
{
lcd_initial();
cmd_wrt(0x80);
displaydata(pml);
cmd_wrt(0x0C0);
displaydata(pm2);
}

/*--------------------------------------------------* /
void lcd_initial(void)
{
unsigned char cmdlcd[]={0x38,0x01,0x0C,0x06}; unsigned char count; for(count=0;count<=3;count++)
{
delaylOms(l);
cmd_wrt(cmdlcd[count]); }
}

/*--------------------------------------------------* /
void cmd_wrt(unsigned charcmd_dat)
{
LCD_RS=0;
LCD_RW=0;
LCD=cmd_dat;
LCD_EN=1; //FOR H TO L PULSE (HIGH)
delaylOms(l);
LCD_EN=0; //FOR H TO L PULSE (LOW)
}

/*--------------------------------------------------* /

void data_wrt(unsigned char data_dat)
{
LCD_RS=1;
LCD_RW=0;
LCD=data_dat;
LCD_EN=1; //FOR H TO L PULSE (HIGH)
delaylOms(l);
LCD_EN=0; //FOR H TO L PULSE (LOW)
}

/*--------------------------------------------------* /

void displaydata(unsigned char *string)
{
for(length=16;length>=l;length--,string++)
{
data_wrt(*string);
delayl0ms(l);
}
}

/*--------------------------------------------------* /

void adc_configt()
{
TRISA=Ox01; // DATA DIRECTION REGISTER (ANO AS INPUT)
ADCON0=0x41; //Fosc/16 , ON ADC MODULE
ADCONl=0xCE; // CHANNEL 0 , RIGHT JUSTIFIED
}

/*--------------------------------------------------* /

void adc_configi()
{
TRISA=Ox02; // DATA DIRECTION REGISTER (AN1 AS INPUT)
ADCON0=0x49; //Fosc/16, ON ADC MODULE
ADCONl=0xC0; // CHANNEL 0 , RIGHT JUSTIFIED
}

/*--------------------------------------------------* /

void adc_configs()
{
TRISA=0x04; // DATA DIRECTION REGISTER (AN4 AS INPUT)
ADCON0=0x55; //Fosc/16 , ON ADC MODULE
ADCONl=0xCE; // CHANNEL 0 , RIGHT JUSTIFIED
}

/*--------------------------------------------------* /

void adc_configh()
{
TRISA=0x03; // DATA DIRECTION REGISTER (AN3 AS INPUT)
ADCON0=0x41; //Fosc/16 , ON ADC MODULE
ADCONl=0xCE; // CHANNEL 0 , RIGHT JUSTIFIED
}

/*--------------------------------------------------* /

unsigned int adc_datat()
{
ADCON0bits.GO=l; //START CONVERSION [ SOC ]
while(ADCON0bits.DONE ==1);//WAITING FOR EOC
l_byte=ADRESL;
h_byte=ADRESH;
h_byte=h_byte«8;
bin_temp=l_byte | h_byte;
return bin_temp;
}

/*--------------------------------------------------* /

unsigned int adc_datai()
{
ADCON0bits.GO=l; //START CONVERSION [ SOC ]
while(ADCON0bits.DONE ==1);//WAITING FOR EOC
l_byte=ADRESL;
h_byte=ADRESH;
h_byte=h_byte«8;
bin_temp=l_byte | h_byte;
return bin_temp;
}

/*--------------------------------------------------* /

unsigned int adc_datas()
{
ADCON0bits.GO=l; //START CONVERSION [ SOC ]
while(ADCON0bits.DONE ==1);// WAITING FOR EOC
l_byte=ADRESL;
h_byte=ADRESH;
h_byte=h_byte«8;
bin_temp=l_byte | h_byte;
return bin_temp;
}

/*--------------------------------------------------* /

unsigned int adc_datah()
{
ADCON0bits.GO=l; //START CONVERSION [ SOC ]
while(ADCON0bits.DONE ==1);// WAITING FOR EOC
l_byte=ADRESL;
h_byte=ADRESH;
h_byte=h_byte«8;
bin_temp=l_byte | h_byte;
return bin_temp;
}

/*--------------------------------------------------* /

void delayl0ms(unsigned char del)
{
for(;del>=l;del~)
{
DelaylKTCYx(30);
}
}

/*--------------------------------------------------* /

void temp(void)
{
signed char index;
adc_configt();
cmd_wrt(0x83);
adct=adc_datat();
adct=(adct*488)/1000;
if(adct>=32)
{
Mybit0 =1;
mybitl =0;
}
else
{
Mybit0 =0;
mybitl=l;
}
index=0;
do
{
arrayt[index]=adct%10;
adct=adct/10;
index++;
} while(index<3);
index--;

for(;index>=0;index--)

{
data_wrt(arrayt[index]+0x30); delayl0ms(3);
}
Delayl0ms(l0);
}

/*--------------------------------------------------* /

void inty(void)
{
signed char index;
adc_configi();

cmd_wrt(0x8B);
adci=adc_datai();
adci=100-(adci/10);

if(adci>=60)

{
mybit2 =1;
mybit3 =0;
}

else

{
mybit2 =0;
mybit3=l;
}

index=0;
do
{
arrayi[index]=adci%10;
adci=adci/10;
index++;
} while(index<3);
index--;
for(;index>=0;index--)
{
data_wrt(arrayi[index]+0x30); delayl0ms(3);
} delaylOms(lO);
}

/*--------------------------------------------------* /

void soil(void)
{
signed char index;
adc_configs();
cmd_wrt(0xC4);
adcs=adc_datas();
adcs=100-(adcs/10);
index=0; do

{
arrays[index]=adcs%10;
adcs=adcs/10;
index++;
} while(index<3);
index--;
for(;index>=0;index--)
{
data_wrt(arrays[index]+0x30); delayl0ms(3);
} delayl0ms(l0);
}

/*--------------------------------------------------* /

void humi(void)
{
signed char index;
adc_configh();
cmd_wrt(0xC4);
adch=adc_datah();
adch=100-(adch/10);

index=0;
do
{
arrays[index]=adcs%10;
adch=adch/10;
index++;
} while(index<3y;
index--;
for(;index>=0;index~)
{
data_wrt(arrays[index]+0x30); delayl0ms(3);
}
Delayl0ms(l0);
}

We claim

1. A method for monitoring the greenhouse environment comprising of:

a Microcontroller [ PIC-18f452 ] module monitoring the complete system operation (a)

the sensor modules which includes acquisition of physical parameters of the greenhouse environment (b)

a display system which displays the physical parameters that has been acquired (c)

the output section with the actuators which connects the controller with the AC devices , they are also the controllers of physical environment of the greenhouse (d)

the programming structure that has made this controlling possible (e)

2. A method of monitoring the greenhouse environment of claim 1 , wherein (a);

A controller that is receiving the continuous physical data that has been acquired by the sensor modules are processed, then controlled as for the requirements that is raised in the greenhouse, then the controlled parameters are displayed with suitable display device like LCD and then the actuators will be activated when a parameter is not up to the required level for effective operation of the green house

3. A method of monitoring the greenhouse environment of claim 1 , wherein (b);

The sensor modules that acquires the physical parameters of greenhouse, comprising of a temperature sensor that acquires the change in the greenhouse temperature, soil moisture sensor is unique in this invention with copper sensor leads and a resistive circuit to it, humidity sensor depicting the relative humidity, and a LDR which gives the measure of light intensity

4. A method of monitoring the greenhouse environment of claim 1 , wherein (d)

The relay circuitry takes the input of controller and switches the AC devices that controls the physical parameters in greenhouse, the switching technique is unique

5. A method of monitoring the greenhouse environment of claim 1 , wherein (e)

The programming structure of the controller and the different modules that is included in it.