WE CLAIM:
1. A lithographic printing plate precursor comprising:
a hydrophilized aluminum support; and
a water-soluble or water-dispersible negative type image recording layer on the aluminum support,
wherein an arithmetic average height Sa of a surface of an outermost layer on a side opposite to a side where the image recording layer is provided is in a range of 0.3 um to 20 Um.
2. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein the image recording layer contains an infrared absorbing agent, a polymerization initiator, a polymerizable compound, and a polymer compound having a particle shape.
3. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 2,
wherein the polymer compound having a particle shape that is contained in the image recording layer is obtained by reacting a polyvalent isocyanate compound which is an adduct of a polyhydric phenol compound containing two or more hydroxy groups in a molecule and isophorone diisocyanate with a compound containing an active hydrogen atom.
4. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 2,
wherein the polymer compound having a particle shape that is contained in the image recording layer has a hydrophobic main chain and both of (i) constitutional unit which contains a pendant-cyano group directly bonded to the hydrophobic main chain and (ii) constitutional unit which contains a pendant group having a hydrophilic polyalkylene oxide segment.
5. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein the image recording layer contains an infrared absorbing agent and a thermoplastic polymer particle.
6. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
wherein a Bekk smoothness of the surface of the outermost layer on the side opposite

to the side where the image recording layer is provided is 1000 seconds or less.
7. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
wherein a resin layer which contains at least one kind of particles having an average particle diameter of 0.5 um to 20 um is provided as the outermost layer on the side opposite to the side where the image recording layer is provided.
8. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 7,
wherein a film thickness of the resin layer is in a range of 0.6 um to 2 um.
9. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 8 which satisfies Expression
(A).
0.2 < (the film thickness of the resin layer/the average particle diameter of the particles contained in the resin layer) < 0.5 - Expression (A)
10. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of claims 7 to 9,
wherein a density of the particles is in a range of 500 pcs/m2 to 500000 pcs/m2.
11. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of claims 7 to 10,
wherein the resin layer contains a binder, and
a difference in solubility parameter between the particles and the binder is 4 MPa1/2 or less.
12. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 11,
wherein the particles and the binder each contain at least one selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, an acrylic resin, polystyrene, and polyethylene.
13. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of claims 7 to 12,
wherein a 10% hardness of the particles is 80 MPa or less.
14. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
wherein a plurality of protrusions are provided on the surface of the outermost layer on the side opposite to the side where the image recording layer is provided.

15. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
wherein a resin layer is provided as the outermost layer on the side opposite to the side where the image recording layer is provided, and
a plurality of protrusions containing a polymer compound are provided on the resin layer.
16. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 14 or 15,
wherein an average height of the protrusions is in a range of 0.5 um to 20 um.
17. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of claims 14 to 16,
wherein a density of the protrusions is in a range of 500 pcs/m2 to 500000 pcs/m2.
18. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of claims 1 to 17,
wherein an arithmetic average height Sa of a surface of an outermost layer on the side where the image recording layer is provided is smaller than the arithmetic average height Sa of the surface of the outermost layer on the side opposite to the side where the image recording layer is provided.
19. The lithographic printing plate precursor which satisfies Expression (1) and Expression
(2) in a case where a Bekk smoothness of a surface of an outermost layer on the side where the
image recording layer is provided is set as a seconds and a Bekk smoothness of the surface of
the outermost layer on the side opposite to the side where the image recording layer is
provided is set as b seconds.
a<1000-(1)
1/a + 1/b>0.002-(2)
20. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of claims 1 to 19,
wherein the aluminum support includes an aluminum plate and an aluminum anodized film disposed on the aluminum plate,
the anodized film is positioned closer to the image recording layer than to the aluminum plate,
the anodized film has micropores extending in a depth direction from the surface of the image recording layer side, and
the average diameter of the micropores in the surface of the anodized film is in a

range of 7 nm to 150 nm.
21. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 20,
wherein the average diameter of the micropores in the surface of the anodized film is in a range of 10 nm to 100 nm.
22. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 20 or 21,
wherein the micropores are formed of large-diameter pores extending to a position at a depth of 10 nm to 1000 nm from the surface of the anodized film and small-diameter pores communicating with a bottom of the large-diameter pores and extending to a position at a depth of 20 nm to 2000 nm from a communication position,
the average diameter of the large-diameter pores in the surface of the anodized film is in a range of 15 nm to 150 nm, and
the average diameter of the small-diameter pores in the communication position is 13 nm or less.
23. A lithographic printing plate precursor laminate which is obtained by laminating a
plurality of the lithographic printing plate precursors according to any one of claims 1 to 22,
wherein an outermost layer on the side where the image recording layer is provided and the outermost layer on the side opposite to the side where the image recording layer is provided are laminated by being directly brought into contact with each other.
24. A method of producing the lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of
claims 1 to 22, comprising:
a step of forming the image recording layer on the aluminum support after one or more days from an anodization treatment performed thereon.
25. A lithographic printing method comprising:
a step of image-exposing the lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of claims 1 to 22;
a step of supplying at least any of printing ink or dampening water and removing an unexposed portion of an image recording layer on a printing press to prepare a lithographic printing plate; and
a step of performing printing using the obtained lithographic printing plate.

26. A lithographic printing method comprising:
a step of image-exposing the lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of claims 1 to 22;
a development step of supplying a developer having a pH of 2 to 14 and removing an unexposed portion; and
a step of performing printing using the obtained lithographic printing plate.