The present invention relates to "Plastic defensive covering shell on concrete Pillar for Ocean bridge and under water construction" and more particularly to Manufacturing of Under water construction protective outer sheel from Plastic shell.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The meaning of "Plastic defensive covering shell on concrete Pillar for Ocean bridge and under water construction" is made from Concrete material, Iron Bars, FRC and Plastic Outer shell. The Present Invention is to protect under water and salt water construction from rusting and corrosiveness. ..\.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The main objective of the invention is to make long life construction for underwater [0004] The objective of invention is to protect concrete and iron from salty sea water [0005] The objective of the invention is to make all construction. Pillers at ground and then
install under water [0006] The objective of invention is to cover the construction by plastic layer [0007] The objective of invention is to utilise the single use plastic and utilise waste plastic [0008] The objective of the inventionis to keep safe the outer shell of under water piller as
our used plastic is very hard and non eatable nature for sea animals also it is allegy free so
it not attract sea animal for allegy food [0009] The outer shell of plastic is very hard that it safe from sea animals attack and outer
plastic shell absorb any impression and make safe inside part of concrete and iron bars
[0010] To provide the solution of best materials which can be used for the construction of
underwater building. . ,.
[0011] To Provide the different methods of underwater constructions. [0012] To Provide the solution of challenges of underwater construction and its remedies
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0013] The Plastic piller of outer shell on Concrete and Iron Bars Pillar is protective from Salty
sea water or River water. This is best solution for under water construction and long like
structure, the given material is used in the construction of Plastic cum Concrete Pillar. [0014] The Concrete is preparation of a composite material consisting of a binder, which is
typically cement, rough and fine aggregates, which are usually stone and sand, and water.
These comprise the constituent materials of concrete. [0015] Prestressed concrete: Prestressed concrete is specialised Concrete used in
construction where concrete nature is required to be stressed. Prestressed Concrete is a
compressed nature of concrete which compressed during production and mixing time. [0016] The principle of Compresed concrete is the manner that strengthens it against tensile
forces which will exist when in service. This compression in concrete is produced by the

improve the performance of the concrete in service. Tendons may consist of single wires, multi-wire strands or threaded bars that are most commonly made from high-tensile steels, aramid fiber and carbon fiber. [0017] FRC- Cross Linked :: Fiber reinforced composites which has four segment of material Like metal matrix composites (MMCs), ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), carbon/carbon composites (C/C), and polymer matrix composites (PMCs) or polymeric composites
[0018] The Principle of FRC material is high-performance fiber composite achieved and made possible by cross-linking cellulosic fiber molecules with resins in the FRC material matrix through a proprietary molecular re-engineering process, yielding a product of exceptional structural properties
• the fibers as the discontinuous or dispersed phase,
• the matrix as the continuous phase, and
• the fine interphase region, also known as the interface.
This is a type of FRC advanced composite group material, which makes use of rice husk, rice hull, rice shell and plastic as ingredients. The making technology of FRC is involve a method of refining, blending, and compounding natural fibers from cellulosic waste streams to form a high-strength fiber compositematerial in a polymer matrix. The possibility of waste material can be use or base raw materials used in this instance are those of waste thermoplastics and various categories of cellulosic waste including rice husk and saw dust. This FRC Cross linked material has recycle nature, it can be recycled up to 20 times and FRC to be reused again and again.
[0019] Reinforced concrete structures with BFRP bars :
[0020] BFRP bars is manufacturers with high tensile strength, lightweight, nonmagnetism, good corrosion resistance, good fatigue resistance and a thermal expansion. The importance of iron bars is very important at because it stand the pillar. Also iron effected very soon in salty sea water. It is necessary to use anti rusting iron bars so that the life of Construction will increase and less requirement of repair.
[0021] The tensile strength of CF-reinforced polymer (CFRP) tendons is as high as 1500-2500 MPa. The tensile strength of BFRP tendons can reach 1000-1800 MPa, which is approximately 1.5 times the strength of ordinary glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP)
tendons.
.. i.
[0022] Waste Plastic or Virgin Plastic :
[0023] Upper shell which touch to water is made from polished plastic as Plastics
Compatibility with Salty water. Plastic stand up to Sea Water for long life.
[0024] When plastics are dip.into salty water, which means floating ions pass right over the
material without any negative effects. All plastics are inherently resistant to all salts and salt
Water. Some plastic are specillay designed for salt water along with high and cold temeprator
resisitence nature i.e. CPVC and PVC. There are mainy type of plastic are available which can
be utilise in present invention as virgin or used waste plastic. For the purpose, we are
providing the main poly properties name :
• Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET or PETE or Polyester)
• High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

• Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
• Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
• Polypropylene (PP)
• Polystyrene (PS)

• Kt-sin Identification Number , Resin Resin Identification Code-Option A
A
PETE | Resin Identification Code -Option B
A
PET
i I PolyCeibyitne tcjsphthatote)

l 2
1 1
i
i High density polyethylene A
HDPE PE-HD
' 3 Polyvinyl chloride) A
V A
PVC
? 4
j . I,.Qu- (tensity polyethylene
.. i. A
LDPE PE4.D
! 5 Polypropylene A A
pp
6
i Polystyrene A
PS PS
1 7
1
1
I. Other res IDS A
OTHER A
o
[0025] Polish on Plastic Pillar surface before installing in Sea Water or Under Water: The
Concrete constructed Pilla'rtreated with Polish of Synthetic polymers, which provide the smooth finishing and oily surface so that algae and other dust material will not sneak up with pillar.The Synthetic Polymer are made form different material like petroleum oil and other materials.There are manily synthetic polymers include nylon, polyethylene, polyester, Teflon, and epoxy and water-based. Examples of synthetic polymers that have been employed in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications are poly(ethylene glycol), polypropylene glycol), poly(oxalate), poly(dimethylsiloxane), polyvinyl acetate), poly(acrylic acid), polystyrene, polyurethane, and poly(maleic anhydride). These are materials that are derived from breaking down, or 'cracking' carbon based materials, usually crude oil, coal or gas, so that their molecular structure changes. This is generally

done in petrochemical refineries unjder heat and pressure, and is the first of the manufacturing processes that is required to produce most of our present day, commonly occurring plastics. Synthetic and semi synthetic plastics can be further divided into two other categories. These two categories are defined by the ways in which different plastics react when heated.
[0026] Thermostatic Property!: resin filled inside plastic layer: There are making the provision of 02 shells of Plastic layer on Concrete Pillars where thermostatic resin can be filled to make the pillar temperature resistance. It is used only in high cold temperature location.
[0027] Details of Resin Material: Binders such as resins or polymers - These materials differ in form or composition on a macroscale : There exists interface between these materials -compatibility Fiber.Resin is used as per the nature of salty sea water and Construction stress on pillers. Types of Resins and Their Uses
Polyester Resins. Polyester resins are formed from the reaction of dibasic organic acids and polyhydric alcohols.
Phenolic Resins. Phenolic resins are a type of thermosetting resin.
Alkyd Resins.
Polycarbonate Resins.
Polyamide Resins. ..i. ■
Polyurethane Resins.
Silicone Resins.
Epoxy Resins. [0028] PU & EPS Resin: The physical form and functionality of epoxy resins and curing agents- elevated temperature postcuring induces secondary crosslinking of backbone hydroxyl functionality which condense to form ether bonds; Polyurethanes form when isocyanate resins and prepolymers are combined with low- or high-molecular weight polyols, with strict stochiometric ratios being essential to control nucleophilic addition polymerisation - the degree of crosslinking and resulting physical type is adjusted from the molecular weight and functionality of isocyanate resins, prepolymers, and the exact combinations of diols, triols and polyols selected.
[0029] PROCESSING of Using the Resin
• Material issues ,.,.
V Resin selection
V Fiber / fabric selection and orientation
V Resin / fiber sizing compatibility
• Processing Issues

v Process selection

CV^

► Pultrusion, VARTM, infusion
V Tg or Tm < Tproc < Tdeg
V Pressure selection (no residual tress, no flash)
V Reaction kinetics for thermosets
V Economical cycle times
• Case Study- Glass/VE, Carbon/VE or Carbon/Epoxy
V Strength, stiffness vs. weight, cost
.. i.
V Carbon fiber sizing compatibility
V VARTM, pultrusion, high temp infusion
[0030] To build a thermosetting/thermoplastic framework with both shape memory and self-mending properties dependent on business epoxy tar and poly(e-caprolactone)- PCL. Thermoplastic material is fit for re-organizing and evolving firmness/modulus when temperature is above softening temperature, various sorts of SMPs, like polyurethane, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethyleneoxide, polystyrene, epoxy, multi-stage mixes (for example Epoxy/Polycaprolactone) and so on, have been orchestrated. Epoxy saps are generally pertinent in the airplane, vehicle, covering, and cement enterprises on account of their great compound obstruction and incredible mechanical and warm properties. Notwithstanding, upon outer effect, the break spread of epoxy polymers debilitates the general effect opposition of these materials. Hence, many effect modifiers have been created to lessen the fragility of epoxy polymers. Polyurethanes, as effect modifiers, can work on the strength of polymers. In spite of the fact that it is notable that polyurethanes (PUs) are stage isolated in the polymer framework in the wake of relieving, associating PUs to the polymer grid for upgrading the mechanical properties of polymers has shown to be testing.
[0031] The requirement of Resin filling is for protection and safety of Concrete and Iron Bars, as high cold temperature effect the iron and make it hard and shrink. Effects of Hot and Cold Sea Water on Compressive Strength of Concrete. Concrete exposed to seawater is wetted by a solution of salts principally sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate. Damage to concrete, if it occurs, usually results from failure to use good practices in concrete construction, and often is the result of freezing and thawing or wetting and drying, as much as or more than the results of the effects of seawater as such. Magnesium sulfate may attack most, if not all, of the constituents of hardened portland cement paste, especially the aluminate constituent; chlorides may promote corrosion of steel; alkalies may participate in alkali-aggregate reaction. Thus, concrete exposed to seawater should be made with cement of controlled aluminate content and with nonreactive aggregate, embedded steel should be well covered by concrete of low permeability, and good construction practices should be followed.
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0032] The outer layer of the earth are covered by seas; in this way, countless designs are
presented to the ocean water with high saltiness either straightforwardly, or in a
roundabout way when winds conveys ocean water splash up to a couple of miles inland
from the coast. Accordingly, a few beach front and seaward ocean structures are
presented to the nonstop activity of physical and synthetic crumbling processes. This test
of building and keeping up with sturdy substantial designs in beach front environs have
since a long time ago become a difficult issue to individuals living in this spaces and this
gives a fantastic chance to comprehend the intricacy of substantial solidness issues there
[0033] Difficulty of under water construction, repair and maintence : It is neccassry to cross
the river or sea and there is requirement of Bridges. The Bridges that cross waterways often
have foundation and substructure elements located in water to provide the most economical
total design. The Pillars of Bridge always stand in the water and facing under water
temperature hot and cold. It is important that entire bridge is inspected at specified interval
not only to ensure safety of the bridge, but also to initiate any repair/rehabilitation work well
in time so that the bridge remains functional. Unfortunately, the conditions of substructure
and foundation located below waterline is not as easily determined as the condition of parts
of the bridge located above waterline. The environment under water is harsher and affects
inspecting official's mobility and visibility. Many Sea / under water elements are continuously
submerged, underwater inspection and management techniques must be used to establish
their condition so that failures can be avoided.
[0034] The nature of Seawater and effect on Concrete pillars: Sodium chloride (NaCI), which found in seawater it is made from sodium (Na) and chlorine (CI). Concrete that is totally and continuously immersed in water, even if the water contains dissolved salts such as are found in seawater, generally may be regarded as being in a protected exposure. Continuous immersion usually provides a uniformity of environment with respect to temperalure and moisture content that prev nts the immersed concrete from being subjected to such deteriorating influences as frost action, volume change due to wetting and drying, and differential volume change clue to moisture content differences between the surface and the inlerior. Continuous immersion also tends to reduce the potential for chemical reaction by r emoving changes ill the degree of saturation as a mechanism for the flow into and out of the concrete of solutions containing ions capable of attacldng constituents of the concrete. Collisions - Structural damage to underwater portions of a bridge can either be collision related or direct result of a collision. Collision impact can damage immediate area as well as adjacent or even distant structural components depending upon the structural frame and connection system. [0035] Material Reinforced Concrete Substructure Plain, reinforced, and pre-stressed

substructures are basically compressive units, concrete is nearly ideal material choice as concrete is relatively strong under compressive loading and with steel reinforcing can resist bending and tensile forces. The1' performance of a concrete structure is most affected by the care taken in its construction and installation. Properly made concrete is highly durable in marine environment.
Manufacturing Process:
[0036] A bridge is a structure which is built over some physical obstacle such as a body of water, valley, or road, and its purpose is to provide crossing over that obstacle. It is built to be strong enough to safely support its own weight as well as the weight of anything that should pass over it. A bridge is a structure which maintains the communication over a physical obstacle, e.g. - A channel/river, - A road, - A railway line or - A valley. [0037] Concrete with an outer plastic protective shell : Concrete is a multi-phase complex composite based on cement. The post-peak behavior of concrete is unpredictable and infuences the overall performance of the concrete. Engineering plastics used in the present study as a external shell to increase the post-peak deformations of concrete cylinders. The applicability and efciency of the proposed external plastic shell for concrete cylinders jacketing evaluated experimentally. The protective shell slipped on the concrete cylinders after the curing period. In order to evaluate the individual load contribution of the two components, a small gap of 1.2 mm introduced between the two and the specimens capped on the top and tested under compression. Test results show a ductile post-peak response with strain-softening and the formation of two peak loads.
[0038] Types of Foundations: Deep Foundations A deep foundation is a kind of establishment that moves building burdens to the earth farther down from the surface than a shallow establishment does to a subsurface layer or a scope of profundities. A heap or heaping is an upward primary component of a deep foundation, driven or penetrated deep foundation into the ground at the structure site. They are of following types: Classification of Bridges

• Bridges are mainly classified according to:
A. Materials used in their construction.
B. Various structural forms.
C. Construction and function.

»..

• Oldest and most common bridge type known
• Usually used for Short and Medium spans
• Carry loads in Shear and Flexural bending
• In modern girder bridges, steel l-Beams replace Concrete Beams
• Low torsional stiffness
[0040] Selection of a Bridge Type Consider the fallowings:
•Span length
•Bridge length
•Beam spacing
•Material available
•Site conditions (foundations, height, space constraints) [0041] Requirement for shipping channel leads to long span bridge
•Speed of construction
•Constructability
•Technology/Equipment available
•Aesthetics
•Cost
•Access for maintenance ,.,. [0042] Materials • Steel • Concrete - Cast-in-place - Precast • Material choice depends on
the cost of material at the bridge Site • Transportation/Shipping cost from fabricators. [0043] Speed of construction • In urban areas, the construction of bridge may disrupt traffic -
Prefabricated/ Precast member are the only choice - Substructure construction may
disrupt traffic more than the superstructure - Erection may consider longer spans [0044] They are of following sorts:Bearings: Bearings are given in spans at the intersection of
the braces or sections and the highest point of wharf and projections. Heading send the
heap from the superstructure to base so that the bearing anxieties created are inside the
safe allowable cutoff points. The direction additionally accommodate little developments
of the superstructure. The developments are initiated because of different reasons, for
.. i. example,
• Movement of the braces the longitudinal way because of varieties in the temperature
• The avoidance of the brace causes pivots at the backings
• Due to sinking of the backings the upward developments are created
• Movements because of shrinkage and creep of cement

• In the case of prestressed girders, prestressing the girders cause movements of girders in
the longitudinal direction. Types of Bearings
Fixed Bearings [0045] Fixed bearings permit rotations while preventing expansion. They are of the following
types: [0046] Steel Rocker bearing [0047] R.C. Hinge bearing
Expansion Bearings [0048] Development direction oblige both flat developments and turns, they are of following
kinds:
• Sliding Plate bearing
• Sliding cum Rocker bearing
• Steel Roller cum Rocker bearing
• R.C Rocker cum Roller bearing
• Elastomeric bearing [0049] Elastomeric Bearing
Elastomeric direction are generally utilized in present occasions as they have less introductory and upkeep cost. Other than consuming a more modest space, elastomeric direction are not difficult to keep up with and furthermore to supplant when harmed, chloroprene elastic named as neoprene is the most generally utilized kind of elastomer in span heading. Neoprene cushion direction are minimized, climate safe and fire safe. Consequently, these days elastomeric heading have pretty much totally supplanted steel rocker and roller orientation.
[0050] Pier
The bridge supports in between the abutment supports are referred to as piers. The choice of construction of the bridge deck will dictate the choice of the type of pier. If support is required at intervals across the full width of the bridge deck, then some form of supporting wall or portal frame is made for the pier. However when deck has some capacity within itself to span transversely at an intermediate support positions by means of a diaphragm within the depth of the deck, there is wider choice available for pier.
[0051] Types of Pier
Depending on the type, size and dimensions of the superstructure, the followingJyDeiof

I) Solid type pier:
II) Trestle type pier :
III) Hammer head pier:
IV) Cellular type pier
V) Framed type pier Forces acting on piers
[0052] The various forces to be considered in the design of piers are as follows:
1. Dead load of superstructure, and pier.
2. Live load of vehicles moving on the bridge.
3. Effect of eccentric live loads.
4. Impact effect for different classes of loads.
5. Effect of buoyancy on the submerged part of the pier.
6. Effect of wind loads acting on the moving vehicles and the superstructure.
7. Forces due to water current.
8. Forces due to wave action.
9. Longitudinal forces due to tractive effort of vehicles.

10. Longitudinal forces due to braking of vehicles.
11. Longitudinal forces due to resistance in bearings.
12. Effect of earthquake forces.
13. Forces due to collision for piers in navigable rivers. [0053] Speed of construction
• In urban areas, the construction of bridge may disrupt traffic - Prefabricated/ Precast member are the only choice - Substructure construction may disrupt traffic more than the superstructure -Erection may consider longer spans
Advantage of the invention
[0054] The main advantage of Plastic outer Piller for sea water and under River water is to make safe the concrete pillar and increase the life of concrete structure. [0055] The other advantage of the invention is to make long life construction for under water [0056] The advantage of invention is to protect concrete and iron from salty sea water [0057] The advantage of the invention is to make all construction. Pillers at ground and then
install underwater [0058] The advantage of invention is to cover the construction by plastic layer, utilise the
single use plastic and utilise waste plastic which is the outer shell of under water piller as
our used plastic is very hard and non eatable nature for sea animals also it is allegy free so
it not attract sea animal for algae food [0059] The outer shell of plastic is very hard that it safe from sea animals attack and outer
plastic shell absorb any impression and make safe inside part of concrete and iron bars. [0060] In the present invention is the solution of best materials which can be used for the construction of underwater building and different methods of underwater constructions.

I Claim:
1. A method of Plastic defensive covering shell on concrete Pillar for Ocean bridge and
under water construction, the method comprising the steps of;
a. Selection of Material of Prestressed concrete, FRC- Cross Linked, Reinforced
concrete structures with BFRP bars, Waste Plastic or Virgin Plastic;
b. Concrete Construction of pillers;structure;
c. Process of making Prestreseed Concrete;
d. Process of making Fiber reinforced composites, and uses;
e. Plastice cover to be make as per the strength of pillar, salty nature of sea water
and strucuture requirement;
f. Preparation of Pillar with plastic cover at ground and then install on the place;
g. Repair and maintence is not required after installation;
2. The method as claimed in claiml, further comprises processing the preparation of Concreate, outer plastic shell,
3. The method as claimed in claiml, further comprises processing the selection of material for long life like, steel, concrete and plastic as per the sea nature and stress on pillars.
4. The method as claimed in claiml, further comprises processing the cross-linking cellulosic fiber molecules with resins in the FRC material matrix through a proprietary molecular re-engineering process, yielding a product of exceptional structural properties..
5. The method as claimed in claiml, further comprises processing the Prestressed Concrete is a compressed nature of concrete which compressed during production and mixing time, This compression in concrete is produced by the tensioning of in tendons located within or adjacent to the concrete and is done to improve the performance of the concrete in service. Tendons may consist of single wires, multi-wire strands or threaded bars that are most commonly made from high-tensile steels, aramid fiber and carbon fiber.
6. The method as claimed in claiml, further comprises processing the Reinforced concrete structures with BFRP bars high tensile strength, lightweight, nonmagnetism, good corrosion resistance, good fatigue resistance and a thermal expansion.
7. The method as claimed i.n claiml, further comprises processing the selection of Waste , Plastic or Virgin Plastic as per the outer shell which touch to water is made from polished plastic as Plastics Compatibility with Salty water. Plastic stand up to Sea Water for long life, specillay designed for salt water along with high and cold temeprator resisitence nature i.e. CPVC, HDPE, PE, PU, LDPE, LLDPE, PP and PVC.