CLAIMS
1. A polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries comprising a polyester resin layer formed by using one or more layers having a number average molecular weight of 18500 to 40000 in which at least one or more layers having 5 to 40% by weight of titanium dioxide is formed on the polyester resin layer, wherein
a light transmittance at wavelengths of 300 to 350 nm is 0.005 to 10%,
a relative reflectance is 80% or more and 105% or less, an apparent density is 1.37 to 1.65 g/cm^, an optical density is 0.55 to 3.50, and the variation in optical density has a fluctuation of within 20% from the center value.
2. The polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries according to claim 1, wherein the variation in optical density has a fluctuation of within 15% from the center value.
3. The polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries according to claim 1, wherein total light transmittance of a thermoplastic resin sheet is 0.005 to 25%.
4. The polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the layer having 5 to 40% by weight of titanium dioxide is 7 to 100% of the total thickness of the polyester resin layer.
5. The polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries according to claim 1, wherein elongation retention before and after aging for 3000 hours is 40 to 100% under conditions of a temperature of 85" C and a hximidity of 85% RH.
6. The polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries according to claim 1, wherein elongation retention before and after aging for 15 hours is 40 to 100% under condition of a temperature of 140°C.
7. The polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries according to claim 1, comprising a gas and moisture vapor barrier layer.
8. A polyester resin sheet laminate for photovoltaic batteries, wherein at least the polyester resin sheet according to claim 1 and a gas and moisture vapor barrier layer are laminated.
9. The polyester resin sheet laminate for photovoltaic batteries according to claim 8, wherein a moisture vapor transmission rate is 0.5 g/(m^*24 hr) or less using 100 jim
conversion factor at a temperature of 40° C and a humidity of 90% RH in the measurement of moisture vapor transmission rate measurement in accordance with JIS-K-7129.
10. A photovoltaic battery backside protection sheet, wherein the photovoltaic battery backside protection sheet is the polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries or the polyester resin sheet laminate for photovoltaic batteries according to any one of (1) to (9) and used for a back sealing material of photovoltaic batteries.
11. A photovoltaic battery module, wherein the photovoltaic battery backside protection sheet according to claim 10 is used.
SPECIFICATION
POLYESTER RESIN SHEET FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC BATTERIES, LAMINATE FORMED BY USING THE SAME, PHOTOVOLTAIC BATTERY BACKSIDE PROTECTION SHEET, AND MODULE
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a back sheet for photovoltaic batteries which is inexpensive and excellent in environment resistance (hydrolysis resistance, weatherability. and the like) and further suitable for a field which requires the reflectance of the back side on which sunlight is incident as well as a photovoltaic battery formed by using the same.
BACKGROUND ART
In recent years, photovoltaic batteries or clean energy sources have been attracting attention as next-generation energy sources. The applications ranging from the architecture field to electric/electronic parts have been developed. The structure of the photovoltaic battery unit is based on a structure of a high light transmission material, photovoltaic battery module, filled resin layer, and back sealing sheet. It is integrated into the house roof and used for electric/electronic parts. The thermoplastic resin sheet is used as the back sealing sheet which is used for some items
of the structure of photovoltaic battery. With reference to the thermoplastic resin sheet (for photovoltaic batteries), the durability in the natural environment (hydrolysis resistance, weatherability) is strongly required. Furthermore, the improvement in electrical transduction efficiency of sunlight of photovoltaic batteries is also required. Therefore, the reflected light of a back sealing film of photovoltaic batteries is also used so as to be converted into electricity. Additionally, lightweight properties, strength, and processability of batteries are being requested. Patent document 1 discloses the use of a base polymer having a large number average molecular weight as a back sheet for photovoltaic batteries with a low specific gravity. However, the resistance to UV rays and screening potency are inferior and thus further improvement is required.
In the case of the photovoltaic battery module used outdoors, a structure in which the photovoltaic battery is formed on the tempered glass board or a metal substrate with a synthetic resin is generally used in order to ensure reliability by improving the mechanical strength or the environment resistance which does not easily deteriorate under environmental atmosphere. When the modular structure by the laminating method is more specifically described, a structure in which layers of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (hereinafter referred to as "EVA") sheet/ a photovoltaic
battery/ an EVA sheet / an aluminum foil sandwiched between vinyl fluoride sheets (hereinafter referred to as "aluminum-fluorine composite sheet") are in this order laminated and heat-crimped on a tempered glass is used.
When the photovoltaic battery is a thin-film photovoltaic cell comprising an amorphous silicon, a photovoltaic battery obtained by directly forming the photovoltaic battery on the tempered glass board, laminating the EVA sheet and the aluminum-fluorine composite sheet, and heat-crimping it is used. It is a known fact that a polyethylene resin, a polyester resin, and a fluorine film are used as a back sealing film for photovoltaic batteries (see Patent documents 2 to 3).
A polyester film having air bubbles (see Patent document 4) is known. However, these films are not used as a back sheet for photovoltaic batteries.
Patent document 1 : Japanese Patent Application Laid-open (JP-A) No. 2002-26354 (page 2, the first column, lines 32 to 39)
Patent document 2 : JP-A No. 11-261085 (page 2, the 36th line of the first column to the 4th line of the second column)
Patent document 3 : JP-A No. 11-186575 (the 36th line of the first column of page 2 to the 22nd line of the first column of page 3)
Patent document 4 : Japanese Patent Application
Publication (JP-B) No. 7-37098 (the 1st line of the first column of page 1 to the 23rd line of the second column of page 3)
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be solved by the Invention
The conventional sheets had the following problems. Biaxial stretched polyester resin sheets which are conventionally used in the field lack in hydrolysis resistance which is most required for the environment resistance, and thus the use thereof in the field has been limited. As for the biaxial stretched polyester resin sheet which is white-colored, the reflectance is improved, however, the sheet lacks in the hydrolysis resistance. Thus, the use thereof in the field has been limited.
Further, the fluorine sheet is excellent in hydrolysis resistance or weatherability. However, it lacks in gas barrier properties and the sheet nerve is weak, which is disadvantageous. The sheet has been thus used by laminating metallic foils such as aluminium in order to improve barrier properties and to provide the strength of back sealing material. Even if the film in Patent document 1 which is invented to solve these problems is used, peeling from the lamination interface is occurred, which causes troubles when the photovoltaic battery is produced or when it is installed on a roof.
Although the sheet formed by using polyester sheet is
relatively inexpensive, there has been a difficulty in heat resistance when exposed to high temperatures (100 to 120'C).
An objective of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive and excellent polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries which enhances the electrical transduction efficiency of photovoltaic batteries by improving the hydrolysis resistance and interfacial-peeling prevention and further enhancing the screening potency as well as a photovoltaic battery formed by using the same from the background of the related art.
Means for Solving the Problems
In the present invention, the enhancement of the electrical transduction efficiency of photovoltaic batteries by improving the hydrolysis resistance and heat resistance and further enhancing the screening potency has been intensively examined from the background of the related art. The polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries which satisfies the specific UV transmittance, relative reflectance, apparent density, optical density, variation in optical density, and number average molecular weight has been developed and applied. It is found that the problems can be solved at once.
The present invention aims to solve the above-described problems.
That is, the present invention provides the following:
(1) A polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries, comprising a polyester resin layer formed by using one or more layers having a number average molecular weight of 18500 to 40000 in which at least one or more layers having 5 to 40% by weight of titanium dioxide is formed on the polyester resin layer, wherein a light transmittance at wavelengths of 300 to 350 nm is 0.005 to 10%, a relative reflectance is 80% or more and 105% or less, an apparent density is 1.37 to 1.65 g/cm^, an optical density is 0.55 to 3.50, and the variation in optical density has a fluctuation of within 20% from the center value;
(2) The polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries according to (1), wherein the variation in optical density has a fluctuation of within 15% from the center value;
(3) The polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries according to (1), wherein the total light transmittance of a thermoplastic resin sheet is 0.005 to 25%;
(4) The polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries according to (1), wherein the thickness of the layer having 5 to 40% by weight of titanium dioxide is 7 to 100% of the total thickness of the polyester resin layer;
(5) The polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein elongation retention before and after aging for 3000 hours is 40 to 100% under conditions of a temperature of 85° C and a humidity of 85% RH;
(6) The polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries
according to any one of (1) to { 5) , wherein elongation retention before and after aging for 15 hours is 40 to 100% under conditions of a temperature of 140°C;
(7) The polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries according to any one of (1) to (6), having a gas and moisture vapor barrier layer;
(8) A polyester resin sheet laminate for photovoltaic batteries, wherein at least the polyester resin sheet according
^ to any one of (1) to (7) and a gas and moisture vapor barrier
layer are laminated;
(9) The polyester resin sheet laminate for photovoltaic batteries according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein a moisture vapor transmission rate is 0.5 g/(m^'24hr) or less using 100 [xm conversion factor at a temperature of 40" C and a humidity of 90% RH in the measurement of moisture vapor transmission rate measurement in accordance with JIS-K-7129;
(10) A photovoltaic battery backside protection sheet, wherein the photovoltaic battery backside protection sheet is the polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries or the polyester resin sheet laminate for photovoltaic batteries according to any one of (1) to (9), used for a back sealing material of photovoltaic batteries; and
(11) A photovoltaic battery module, wherein the photovoltaic battery backside protection sheet according to (10) is used.
Effect of the Invention
According to the present invention, there can be provided an inexpensive and excellent thermoplastic resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries which enhances the electrical transduction efficiency of photovoltaic battery by improving the hydrolysis resistance and heat resistance and further enhancing the screening potency, as well as a layered product.
^ The sheet and the layered product can be suitably used for
photovoltaic batteries to be used as roofing materials, photovoltaic batteries having flexibility, and electronic parts.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a photovoltaic battery formed by using a polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a polyester resin sheet laminate for photovoltaic batteries in which a gas barrier layer is formed on one side of a film.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of another example illustrating a structure of the polyester resin sheet laminate for photovoltaic batteries in which the gas barrier layer is formed between two layered films.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example
of a structure of the polyester resin sheet laminate for photovoltaic batteries in which the gas barrier layer (substrate sheet + metal or inorganic oxide layer) is formed on one side of the film.
Description of the Symbols
1 Total light transmission material
2 Photovoltaic battery cell ^^ 3 Filled resin
4 Photovoltaic battery backside protection sheet
5 Lead wire
6 Moisture vapor and gas barrier layer
7 Polyester resin layer (A layer)
8 Polyester resin layer (B layer)
9 Adhesive layer
10 Photovoltaic battery module
20 Thermoplastic resin sheet laminate for photovoltaic batteries
21 Substrate sheet
22 Metal or inorganic oxide layer
30 Thermoplastic resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries, comprising a polyester resin layer
formed by using one or more layers having a number average molecular weight of 18500 to 40000 in which at least one or more layers having 5 to 40% by weight of titanium dioxide is formed on the polyester resin layer, wherein a light transmittance at wavelengths of 300 to 350 nm is 0.005 to 10%, a relative reflectance is 80% or more and 105% or less, an apparent density is 1.37 to 1.65 g/cm^, an optical density is 0.55 to 3.50, and the variation in optical density has a fluctuation of within 20% from the center value.
The term "photovoltaic battery" used in the present invention means a system that converts sunlight into electricity (hereinafter referred to as electric conversion). Preferably, the structure of the photovoltaic battery is based on a structure of a high light transmission material, photovoltaic battery module, filled resin layer, and back sealing sheet. For example, in the structure shown in Fig. 1, it is integrated into the house roof and used for electric/electronic parts.
The term "high light transmission material" herein means a material which allows sunlight to efficiently enter and protects the internal photovoltaic battery module. Preferably, glass, high light transmission plastics, films, and the like are used. Further, the photovoltaic battery module is the heart of the photovoltaic battery which converts sunlight into electricity. Semiconductors such as silicon.
cadmium-tellurium, and germanium-arsenic are used for the module. Frequently used examples of the semiconductors include single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, and the like.
Further, the filled resin layer is used for fixing and protecting the photovoltaic battery module in the photovoltaic battery, and for electrical insulation. In particular, an ethylene vinyl acetate resin (EVA) is preferably used in terms ^ of performance and costs.
The present invention is suitably used as a back sealing sheet of a photovoltaic battery module. The sheet contributes to the improvement of the electrical transduction efficiency of photovoltaic battery by enhancing the function of blocking moisture vapor which is bad for the photovoltaic battery module and the screening potency in the photovoltaic battery, and increasing the reflectance. Further, wavelengths (300 to 350 nm) in the UV region which enter from the back side are screened, thereby obtaining a photovoltaic battery excellent in durability.
The term "polyester resin" in the present invention means a condensation polymer of dicarboxylic acid derivatives and diol derivatives. Usable examples thereof include polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate, poly-1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate, and
1, 4-cyclohexane
and the like. Thus, it can be suitably used as the back sealing material of photovoltaic batteries.
The photovoltaic battery module of the present invention is a photovoltaic battery module obtained by using the photovoltaic battery backside protection sheet. The photovoltaic battery module obtained by using the polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries which satisfies the characteristics as a backside protection sheet can be suitably used as the photovoltaic battery. Next, an example of a method for producing the polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries of the present invention will be described.
For example, terephthalic acid or derivative thereof and ethylene glycol are subjected to ester interchange reaction by a well-known method. Examples of a reaction catalyst include alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, zinc compounds, lead compounds, manganese compounds, cobalt compounds, aluminium compounds, antimony compounds, and titaniiim compounds. Examples of a coloring agent include phosphorus compounds. It is preferable that an antimony compound or a germanium compound and a titanium compound be added as polymerization catalysts. For such a method, in the case of adding, for example, a germanium compound, it is preferable to add germanium compound powders as they are.
A preferable example of the method for controlling the number average molecular weight of the polyester resin of the present invention to be 18500 to 40000 includes a so-called method of solid phase polymerization which comprises the steps of polymerizing a usual polyester resin having a number average molecular weight of 18000 by the above-described method and heating at a temperature ranging from 190°C to a temperature being less than a melting point of polyester resin under reduced
pressure or circulation of inert gas such as nitrogen gas. The method can increase the number average molecular weight without increasing the amount of the terminal carboxyl group of polyester resin.
Subsequently, when the polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries is formed of the polymer, a method including the steps of drying the polymer, if necessary, and multilayer-laminating the polyester resin delivered from different passages by using two or more extruders with a multimanifold die, a field block, a static mixer, a pinole, and the like can be used. Alternatively, these methods may be optionally combined.
The multilayer-laminated sheet that is discharged from a die is extruded onto a cooling body such as a casting drum, which is then cooled and solidified to form a casting sheet. In this case, it is preferable that the sheet be adhered tightly to the cooling body such as a casting drum by an electrostatic force by using an electrode with shapes such as a wire-shape, a tape-shape, a needle-shape, or a knife-shape, which is then quenched and solidified.
The casting sheet thus obtained may be optionally subjected to biaxial stretching. The term "biaxial stretching" means stretching in the vertical and horizontal directions. The stretching may be sequential biaxial stretching or simultaneous biaxial stretching. Further, the re-stretching may be performed in a vertical and/or horizontal direction.
The term "stretching in the vertical direction" means
stretching for providing a molecular orientation in the
/
longitudinal direction to a film. It is usually given by a roll peripheral speed difference. The stretching may be performed at one stage. Alternatively, the stretching may be performed at multiple stages with a plurality of roll pairs. The stretching magnification varies depending on the type of resin. Usually, the area magnification is preferably 2 to 15 times. For example, when polyethylene terephthalate is used, the stretching magnification in the vertical direction is preferably 2 to 4 times.
Then, in order to stretch the film in the horizontal direction, the film is passed through a rail set to the stretching magnification of 2 to 4 times in the state that the clip holds the end of the film, and stretched in the horizontal direction (machine cross-direction). Ambient temperature is determined so that the stretching temperature of the film is 85 to 110'C, and the film is stretched in the horizontal direction. In the subsequent step, heat treatment is performed at 180 to 240'C in order to obtain dimensional stability, and the polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries of the present invention is given.
The method for improving the reflectance is herein a
method for adding a large amount of fine particles having a number average particle diameter of 0.1 to 1 Mm to polyester in the polyester resin sheet and uniformly dispersing to form a sheet shape. The relative reflectance is improved by the diffuse reflection of the fine particles. The method for adding fine particles is preferably a compounding method. In the present invention, titanium dioxide is used as fine particles. Specifically, it is preferable that a polyester containing 50% ^ by weight of titanium dioxide particles be prepared as a master
chip and diluted to reach a target concentration. Usable examples of a dispersing auxiliary agent include polyalkylene glycol and copolymer thereof. Specifically, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and polybutylene terephthalate-polytetramethylene glycol copolymer are preferably used.
Subsequently, in order to impart gas and moisture vapor barrier properties to the sheet composed of the polyester resin ^ sheet for photovoltaic batteries of the present invention,
there is a technique of laminating the gas and moisture vapor barrier layer in which the layer is directly formed on the surface of the polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries of the present invention by a well known method such as a vacuum metallizing method or a sputtering method, as shown in Fig. 2. It is preferable that the thickness be usually in the range of 100 to 700 A. The barrier layer does not need to be one layer
and it may be provided on both sides of the sheet depending on the needs of the barrier property, as shown in Fig. 3.
On the other hand. there is a method that the barrier layer is not directly formed on the sheet, as shown in Fig. 4, a laminate is produced by laminating the gas barrier sheet in which metal or inorganic oxide layer is formed on another substrate sheet on the surface of the polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries of the present invention by using an ^ adhesive layer, and the like. Further, a method for laminating
a metallic foil (for example, aluminum foil) on the surface of the film can be used. It is preferable that the thickness of the metallic foil in such a case be in the range of 10 to 50 fim from the viewpoint of processability and gas barrier properties. In addition, it is not always necessary that the gas barrier layer be disposed on the surface of the sheet. For example, it may be sandwiched between the two-layered films.
The structure of the photovoltaic battery backside protection sheet formed by using the polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries of the present invention is not limited to the lamination of the gas and the moisture vapor barrier sheet. The polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries of the present invention may be laminated with one or more sheets selected from, for example, a reflective sheet with further excellent light reflectance, a plastic sheet with a thickness of 100 fAm or more in order to improve electrical insulation
properties, a black-colored or highly thermally conductive radiation sheet in order to improve heat dissipation properties, and a fluorine resin sheet in order to further increase weatherability in addition to the barrier sheet. The laminating order is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the sheet having a light reflective function be located at the side close to the photovoltaic battery cell and the sheet having weatherability be located at the outermost side. In the present invention, a product which is laminated via an adhesive or the like is a laminate and a product which is laminated not via the adhesive or the like is a sheet.
The photovoltaic battery module of the present invention has, for example, the structure shown in Fig. 1. That is, base materials (glass, film, and the like) having a high light transmittance are placed on the surface and a photovoltaic battery module such as silicon is fixed by applying a lead wire which Ccin take electricity and using a filled resin such as EVA resin. Then, the polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries of the present invention is fixed on the back of the materials by using the photovoltaic battery backside protection sheet for sealing the backside, and the photovoltaic battery module is obtained.
Hereinafter, physical properties, evaluation method thereof, and criterion of evaluation which are used in the present invention will be described.
(1) Number average molecular weight (Mn)
Molecular weight calibration was performed using polystyrene (PS) (reference standard) before the polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries is measured at room temperature {23'C) with 244 type gel permeation chromatograph GCP-244 (manufactured by WATERS), two columns: Shodex K 80M ^ (manufactured by Showa Denko K.K.). and one column:
TSK-GEL-G2000HX1 (manufactured by TOSOH CORPORATION ). Coefficient (Ai) of the third approximation (i) was calculated using elution volume (V) and molecular weight (M), and drawings were created.
Log (M) = Ao + AiV + AzV^ + AjV^ (i)
After the calibration and creation of drawings, a sample of the polyester resin sheet for photovoltaic batteries was dissolved in a solvent of orthochlorophenol/chloroform (volume ratio: 1/4) so as to be 0.2% (wt/vol). The injection amount to chromatograph was 0.400 ml and the injection was performed at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. As a detector, R-401 differential-refractive-index detector (WATERS) was used, and the number average molecular weight was calculated by the following equation.
Number average molecular weight (Mn) = SNiMi/SNi Molar fraction; Ni, molecular weight (Mi) corresponding to each retention volume (Vi)
A composite film or a single film was sampled and measured. The complex film was sampled by polishing the film while being microscopically-observed.
(2) Content of titanium dioxide
A sheet was used as a sample, and the content of titanium element being characteristic of titanium dioxide was calculated ^ with fluorescent-X-ray elemental analysis apparatus
(MESA-500W type, manufactured by HORIBA, Ltd.). The titanium dioxide content was converted from the amount of titanium element.
(3) Optical density
The transmitted light flux was measured with an optical density meter {TR-524, manufactured by Macbeth) and calculated by the following equation. ^ Light source: visible light
Spectral composition: tungsten-filament lamp having a color temperature of 3006* K
Measurement environment: temperature, 23" C ± 3°C, humidity, 65 ± 10% RH
Calculation equation: optical density = logio (Fo/F) F: Transmitted light flux of the sample, Fq: Transmitted light flux without the sample
(4) Variation in optical density (%)
The variation in optical density was represented by [ (Fmax-Finin)/Fave] * 100.
Fmax: maximiim value of 20 data, Fmin: minimum value of 20 data, Fave: average value of 20 data
The optical density was measured in the same manner as described in (3).
^ With reference to the variation in optical density, five
parts from the central part of a product roll were sampled in the size of 1.5 m in a longitudinal direction * 1 m in a cross direction per 100 m in a longitudinal direction and four corners (1.5 m X 1.0 m) were cut to 10 cm x lo cm. The samples were used and the optical density was measured for 3 times. The average of values measured for 3 times was the optical density. The variation in optical density was calculated from the maximum, minimum, and central values of the optical density (the nxamber of data: 20, five parts x 4 samples) when the measurement was carried out for 5 times per a product roll, which was used as the variation in optical density.
(5) Apparent density The apparent density was measured with an electromagnetic
scale (SD-120L, manufactured by Kensei Kogyo K.K.).
N = the measurement was performed for 3 times and the
average was employed.
(6) Hydrolysis resistance
The film was subjected to aging at 85° C in an atmosphere of a humidity of 50% RH and elongation at break of the sheet was measured with ASTM-D 61T. The ratio (retention) when elongation at breaJc without aging was 100% was compared and evaluated by the following criteria: _ Aging time: 0 hr (100%), 3000 hr;
i.
Very good: the retention is 50 to 60% or more; Good: the retention is 50 to 60%; Poor: the retention is 40 to 50%; and Bad: the retention is less than 40%.
(7) Weatherability
Five cycles of the following cycle were carried out with an accelerated test device, Eye Super tJW tester. The elongation retention was determined in the same manner as described above and then evaluated according to the same criteria as described above.
One cycle: After performing the ultraviolet irradiation at a temperature of 60® C in an atmosphere of a humidity of 50% RH for 8 hours, aging for 4 hours in a dew condensation state (temperature: 35"C, humidity: 100 RH);
Ultraviolet irradiation strength: 100 mW/cm^;
Good: increase rate of the b value (5 or less); Poor: Increase rate of the b value (5 to 25); and Bad: increase rate of the b value (25 or more).
(8) Total light transmittance
The total light transmittance was measured with a haze meter HGM-2DP (manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd.) in accordance with JIS-K-7105 (1981).
(9) Relative reflectance
A spectrophotometer (U-3310, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) was used. As the standard white plate, alumina oxide was used for an opening portion for the standard white plate and an opening portion of the specimen. At 560 nm, the angle of gradient of the opening portion of the specimen was 10' and the diffuse reflectance was measured, which was designated as (To). The reflectance at that time was 100%. Then, the opening portion of the specimen was replaced with the specimen and the diffuse reflectance was measured at 560 nm. Then, the diffuse reflectance was converted into the relative reflectance (R) by using the following equation.
R(%) = Ti/To X 100 To: Reflectance of a standard white plate Ti: Reflectance of specimen.
(10) UV (300 to 350 nm) light transmittance
The spectrophotometer (U-3310, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) was used. As the standard white plate, alumina oxide was used for an opening portion for the standard white plate and an opening portion of the specimen. At wavelengths of 300 to 350 nm, the angle of gradient of the opening portion of the specimen was 10° and the transmittance in the case of no sample was measured, which was designated as (Aq) . The transmittance /-\ at that time was 100%. Thereafter, the sample was located in
front of the incident light and the transmittance (AI) at 300 to 350 nm was measured at every wavelength of 5 nm. An average of the measured values was UV transmittance T (%).
T (%) =Ai/Ao X 100
Ao: Transmittance without sample
Ai: Transmittance of specimen.
(11) Moisture vapor transmission rate
The moisture vapor transmission rate was measured in accordance with JIS K7129 (1992). The measurement conditions were set to a temperature of 40' C and a humidity of 90% RH for 24 hours and the values were converted to m^ (the thickness was obtained using a conversion factor of 100 ixm).
(12) Heat resistance
The film was subjected to aging in an atmosphere of a
temperature of 140" C and elongation at break of the sheet was measured with ASTM-D 6 IT. The elongation at break without aging was 100% and the ratio (retention) of the elongation at break to the elongation after aging was calculated. The retention ratio was determined by the following criterion: Good: The retention is 40% or more; Poor: The retention is 30 to 40%; and Bad: The retention is less than 30%.
(13) Processability
A back sealing film of photovoltaic batteries (1 m square) was produced. Taking into consideration the integration property to the photovoltaic battery system, the nerve was determined by the following criteria:
Good: level that the nerve is appropriate and integration processing can be easily performed;
Poor: level that the nerve is weak or so strong that there is a little difficulty in integration processing; and
Bad: level that the nerve is so weak or so strong that there is a clear difficulty in processability.
(14) Dielectric constant
The dielectric constant was measured in accordance with JIS C2151 (1990).
(15) Thickness of each layer
The whole thickness was measured in accordance with JIS C2151 (1990) and pretreatment was carried out to cut the cross section of the laminated layer in a thickness direction with a microtome. Thereafter, the thickness cross section was image-captured at a magnification (x lOOO) that could take an overview image of the thickness cross section with a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) S-800, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. and the thickness of the cross section photograph was measured. A layer containing titanium dioxide can be image-captured as a white layer.
(16) Composition ratio
The composition ratio was calculated from the results that the thickness of each layer was measured from the cross section photograph by the method as described in (15). In a case of the structure of A layer/B layer/C layer, when a base polyester has a number average molecular weight of 18500 to 40000 and only A layer contains 5 to 40% by weight of titanium dioxide,
(Equation 1) Composition ratio (%):
Thickness of A layer ^ ^00
Thlc)cness of A layer + thicScness of B layer + thickness of C layer
to a biaxial stretched polyester resin sheet (Lumiler (registered trademark) Pll, produced by Toray Industries, Inc.) having a thickness of 12 jun, and an oxidized silicon film having a thickness of 400 A was obtained. The sputtered film was laminated onto sheets 2 to 5 via the following adhesive, which were designated as laminates 2 to 5.
Adhesive: urethane adhesive (Adcoat (registered trademark) 76P1: produced by Toyo-Morton, Ltd.)
^ The adhesive was blended with 10 parts by weight of main
material and 1 part by weight of curing agent, which was adjusted to 30% by weight by using ethyl acetate. The adhesive was applied onto the non-sputtered surface of the sputtered film by the gravure roll method so as to have a coating thickness of 5 pm after solvent drying. The drying temperature was set to 100°C. Further, lamination was performed with a roll laminater under conditions at a temperature of 60° C and a pressure of 1 kg/cm^, and curing conditions were at 60° C for three days.
Comparative example 1
-s
Sheet 1 of the PET polymer having an inherent viscosity of 0.55 (Comparative example 1) was obtained in the same manner as described in Example 1 except that a master chip had 50% by weight of titanium dioxide fine particles having a number average particle diameter of 0.2 jun (the master chip had a
is used. The above-described calculation was performed. The number average molecular weight in each layer was measured by the above-described measuring method using the sample obtained from each layer.
(17) Particle concentration of layer containing titanium dioxide
With reference to the concentration of titanium dioxide, ^ the total amount of the sheet was measured by the method
described in (2). The concentration of titanium dioxide particles in the layer containing titanium dioxide was calculated from the composition ratio and the obtained value was used as a particle concentration of the layer containing titaniiim dioxide.
(18) Ratio of the layer containing titanium dioxide (based on the whole polyester resin sheet)
^ The ratio of the layer containing titanium dioxide was
calculated from the results that the thickness of each layer was measured from the cross section photograph by the method as described in (15).
In a case of the structure of A layer/B layer/C layer, when only A layer contains 5 to 40% by weight of titanium dioxide, (Equation 2)
Ratio of the layer containing titanium dioxide (%):
Thickness of A layer x 100
Thickness of A layer + thickness of B layer + thickness of C layer
is used. The above-described calculation was performed. The number average molecular weight in each layer was measured by the above-described measuring method using the sample obtained from each layer.
Examples
^ Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically
described with reference to Examples.
Examples 1 to 4
One hundred parts (parts by weight: hereinafter simply referred to as parts) of dimethyl terephthalate was mixed with 64 parts of ethylene glycol, to this, 0.1 parts of zinc acetate and 0.03 parts of antimony trioxide were added as catalysts. Ester interchange was performed with a circulation temperature of ethylene glycol.
Trimethyl phosphate (0.08 parts) was added to the resulting product, which was gradually heated up and polymerized under reduced pressure at a temperature of 271® C for 5 hours. The inherent viscosity of the obtained polyethylene terephthalate was 0.55. The polymer was cut into a chip shape with a length of 4 mm, the chip shape of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) was cylindrical and had the size.
length: 5.95 to 8.05 mm, width: 3.20 to 4.80 ram, and height: 1.70 to 2.30 mm. The specific gravity was 1.3 g/cm^. The PET was placed in a rotary vacuum apparatus (rotary vacuum dryer) under conditions (high polymerization temperature: 190 to 230' C, degree of vacuum: 0.5 mmHg) and heated while stirring for 10 to 23 hours. Then, a PET polymer was obtained.
In the polymerization of PET used for the compound and base, the high polymerization temperature was changed to 190 - to 230® C and the high polymerization time was changed to 10 to
'' 23 hours. Then, four types of PET polymers were obtained and
inherent viscosities thereof were 0.60 (Example 1), 0.66 (Example 2), 0.73 (Example 3), 0.81 (Example 4), respectively. The four types of PET polymers and titanium dioxide fine particles were compounded to produce a master chip having 50% by weight of titanium dioxide. Since the specific gravity of the master chip was 2.5 g/cm^, the master chip was formed into a chip shape with the size, length: 2.40 to 4.60 mm, width: 3.20 to 4.80 mm, and height: 1. 70 to 2.30 mm so as to hardly generate classification. A titanium dioxide master chip (28% by weight) was added so that the concentration of titanium dioxide was 14% by weight based on a base polyester. These polymers were laminated by passing them through a laminating apparatus so as to be in the order of B layer/A layer/B layer and the resulting layer was formed into a sheet by T-die molding. Although the laminated constitution was a composite three layer structure.
a substantially single layer (B layer/A layer/B layer=B layer/B layer/B layer) was produced using the same polymer as B layer for A layer. The polymerization degree of each layer (A layer, B layer) is therefore the same. Unstretched sheet, which was obtained by cooling-solidification of the sheet-like molded product discharged from a T-die on a cooling drum having a surface temperature of 25" C, was guided to a roll group heated up to 85 to 98"C, which was vertically stretched to a length ^ 3.3 times longer in a longitudinal direction and then cooled
by a roll group of 21 to 25" C. Subsequently, the vertically stretched film was guided to a tenter while both ends of the film were grasped by clips. Then, the film was stretched to a length 3.6 times longer in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction under an atmosphere heated at 130"C. Thereafter, the resulting film was subjected to heat fixing at 220" C in the tenter and uniformly slowly-cooled. Then, the film was cooled to room temperature and rolled up to obtain a sheet having a thickness of 50 jun.
The PET polymer to be passed through the A and B layers having an inherent viscosity of 0.60 was designated as sheet 2, the PET polymer having an inherent viscosity of 0.66 was designated as sheet 3, the PET polymer having an inherent viscosity of 0.73 was designated as sheet 4, and the PET polymer having an inherent viscosity of 0.81 was designated as sheet 5. On the other hand, oxidized silicon (SiOa) was sputtered
cylindrical shape, and the size, length: 5.95 to S.OSmm. width: 3.20 to 4.80 mm, and height: 1.70 to 2.30 mm) . It was laminated in the same manner as described in Example 1. The resulting product was designated as laminate 1.
The PET polymer to be passed through the A and B layers having a number average molecular weight of 41000 and a polymer inherent viscosity of 0.90 could not be extruded.
Table 1 (Polymerization degree)
Comparative example 1 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 -
Number average nolecular weight (Hn) of PET In A layer sane as that of PET in B layer same as that of PET in B layer same as that of PET in B layer sane as
that of PET in B layer same as that of PET in B layer 41000 (No extrusion)
Nunber average nolecular weight (Mn) of PET In B layer 18300 18500 19800 27000 35000
Composition ratio (%) IB layer/(A layer + B layer)] 100 100 100 100 100 -
Type of particles Titanium oxide Titanium oxide Titanium oxide Titanium oxide Titanium oxide -
Concentration of titanium dioxide (wtt) 14 14 14 14 14 -
Apparent density 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42 -
Hydrolysis resistance X A A O O -
Heat resistance (elongation retention)(») 11.6 45.8 47.1 53 63.1 -
Optical density 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 -
Variation in optical density (») 25.2 11.3 12.8 11.3 12.8 -
Weatherability (resistance to UV rays) O O O O 0 -
UV transmittance (%) 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 -
Total light transmlttance (%) 11. B 11.8 11.5 11.7 11.5 -
Hater vapor transmission rate
(gas barrier properties)
(g/m2 [24 hr. thickness 0.1 mm conversion factor] 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 -
Dielectric constant 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 -
Relative reflectance 83% 85% 84% 83% 84% -
Processabillty o O o o O -
Intrinsic viscosity (PET in B layer) 0.55 0.6 0.66 0.73 0.81 0.90
Sample No. Laminate 1 Laminate 2 Laminate 3 Laminate 4 Laminate 5 -
When the polyester resin sheet laminates for photovoltaic batteries of the present invention of Examples 1 to 4 are compared to that of Comparative example 1, it is found that they are excellent in hydrolysis resistance. It is found that hydrolysis resistance and heat resistance are improved as the polymer with a higher polymerization degree is used. With reference to the variation in optical density, it is found that the type of small shape can tend to reduce the variation due to the difference in the chip shape.
Examples 5 to 7
rs
The PET polymer as in B layer (nvimber average molecular weight: 21000, inherent viscosity: 0.71, concentration of titanium dioxide particles: 14% by weight) was extruded to A layer in the same manner as described in Examples 1 to 4, and a substantially single layer structure (B layer/A layer/B layer = B layer/B layer/B layer) was produced. A sheet whose additive amount of titanium oxide in the single layer PET was 5% by weight was designated as sheet 7 (Example 5), a sheet whose additive amount was 14% by weight was designated as sheet 8 (Example 6), and a sheet whose additive amount was 40% by weight was designated as sheet 9 (Example 7). Three types of complex films were produced and the oxidized silicon sputtering film was laminated on one side of each sheet in the Scune manner as
described in Examples 1 to 4. The laminates were designated as laminates 7 to 9. Other portions were determined in the same as described in Examples 1 to 4.
Comparative examples 2 and 3
-s
A polyester resin sheet was produced in the seime manner as described in Example 5 except that the particle concentration and the shape of the master chip were changed. Titaniiim dioxide fine particles having a number average particle diameter of 0.2 fAm were used as 50% by weight of master chip (chip shape: cylindrical, length: 5.95 to 8.05 mm, width: 3.20 to 4.80 mm, and height: 1.70 to 2.30 mm). The concentration of titanium dioxide was set to 4% by weight in Comparative example 2 and the produced sheet was designated as sheet 6. A sheet laminated with a gas barrier layer was designated as laminate 6. The concentration of titanium dioxide was set to 45% by weight in Comparative example 3 and the produced sheet was designated as sheet 10. A sheet laminated with a gas barrier layer was designated as laminate 10. The filter portion of the formed film was readily clogged. Thus, the furnace pressure was increased and the filter replacement was required. As a result, the productivity was poor.
Table 2 (Particle concentration)
Comparative example 2 Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Comparative example 3
Number average molecular weight (Hn) of FET In A layer same as that of PET In B layer same as that of PET In B layer same as that of PET in B layer same as that of PET in B layer same as that of PET In B layer
Number average molecular weight (Mn) of PET In B layer 21000 21000 21000 21000 21000
Composition ratio (%) [B layer/(A layer ♦ B layer)] 100 100 100 100 100
Type of particles Titanium oxide Titanium oxide Titiuilum oxide Titanium oxide Titanium oxide
Concentration of titanium dioxide (wt%) 4 5 14 40 45
Apparent density 1.36 1.37 1.42 1.65 1.75
Hydrolysis resistance O O o O O
Heat resistance (elongation retention)(t) 47 47 57 47 39
Optical density 0.54 0.55 1.15 1.45 2.6
Variation in optical density (%) 3S.4 19.2 7.8 4.1 1.2
Weatherablllty (resistance to UV rays) X A O O O
UV transmittance (%) 11 10 3.5 0.005 0.004
Total light transmittance (») 26.8 24.2 11.8 1.3 0.95
Moisture vapor transmission rate
(gas barrier properties)
(g/m2 [24 hr, thickness 0.1 mm conversion factor] 0.25 0.3 0.33 0.35 0.45
Dielectric constant 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.3
Relative reflectance 79 81 85 87 89
Processabillty O 0 o A X
Intrinsic viscosity (PET in B layer) 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71
Sample No. Liuiilnate 6 Laminate 7 Laminate 8 Laminate 9 Laminate 10
When the polyester resin sheet laminates for photovoltaic batteries of the present invention of Examples 5 to 7 are compared to that of Comparative example 2, it is found that they are excellent in optical density, variation in optical density, total light transmittance, reflectance, and resistance to UV rays. It is found that optical density, variation in optical density, total light transmittance, reflectance, and resistance to UV rays are similarly improved as the particle
concentration is further increased. However, when the particle concentration is increased too much, gas barrier properties worsen. Thus, it is found that the processability and productivity tends to be poor.
Examples 8 to 10
The number average molecular weight of the PET in B layer was 21000, the inherent viscosity therein was 0.71, the number average molecular weight of the PET in A layer was 18300, and the inherent viscosity therein was 0.55 (concentrations of titanium dioxide particles of the PET in both layers were 14% by weight). These polymers were laminated by passing them through a laminating apparatus so as to be in the order of B layer/A layer/B layer and the resulting layer was formed into a sheet by T-die molding. The laminated constitution is a composite three layer structure. Unstretched sheet, which was obtained by cooling-solidification of the sheet-like molded product discharged from a T-die on a cooling drum having a surface temperature of 25'C, was guided to a roll group heated up to 85 to 98'C, which was vertically stretched to a length 3.3 times longer in a longitudinal direction and then cooled by a roll group of 21 to 25'C. Subsequently, the vertically stretched film was guided to a tenter while both ends of the film were grasped by clips. Then, the film was stretched to a length 3.6 times longer in a direction perpendicular to a
longitudinal direction under an atmosphere heated at 130°C. Thereafter, the resulting film was subjected to heat fixing at 220" C in the tenter and uniformly slowly-cooled. Then, the film was cooled to room temperature and rolled up to obtain a sheet having a thickness of 250
A sheet in which the composition ratio of B layer/A layer/B layer [B layer/(A layer + B layer)] was 7,2% was designated as sheet 12 (Example 8), a sheet in which the composition ratio was 15% was designated as sheet 13 (Example 9), and a sheet in which the composition ratio was 20% was designated as sheet 14 (Example 10). With reference to the stretching method, aluminium was vacuum metallized on one side of the sheet in a thickness of 600 A. The metallizing was performed for the purpose of gas barrier properties at the time of use of the photovoltaic battery.
Oxidized silicon (SiOa) was sputtered to a biaxial stretched polyester resin film (Lumiler (registered trademark) Pll, produced by Toray Industries, Inc.) having a thickness of 12 (xm and an oxidized silicon film having a thickness of 400 A was obtained. A polyurethane adhesive with a solid content of 30% by weight, produced by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (main material: Takerak A515/curing agent Takenate A50 = 10/1 solution) was applied on the surface of vapor-deposited thin film of the above-described sputtered film as the adhesive at a coating amount of 5 g/m^ (dry state) with a dry laminating
machine and then dried. The resulting film was laminated with sheets 12 to 14. The layered products in which gas barrier layers were thus provided on both sides were designated as layered products 12 to 14.
Example 11
The number average molecular weight of the PET in A and B layers was 21000 and the inherent viscosity therein was 0.71 (concentrations of titanium dioxide particles of the PET in both layers were 14% by weight). These polymers were laminated by passing them through a laminating apparatus so as to be in the order of B layer/A layer/B layer and the resulting layer was formed into a sheet by T-die molding. The laminated constitution is a composite three layer structure. Unstretched sheet, which was obtained by cooling- solidification of the sheet-like molded product discharged from a T-die on a cooling drum having a surface temperature of 25° C, was guided to a roll group heated up to 85 to 98'C, which was vertically stretched to a length 3.3 times longer in a longitudinal direction and then cooled by a roll group of 21 to 25"C. Subsequently, the vertically stretched film was guided to a tenter while both ends of the film were grasped by clips. Then, the film was stretched to a length 3.6 times longer in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction under an atmosphere heated at 130° C. Thereafter, the resulting film
was subjected to heat fixing at 220° C in the tenter and uniformly slowly-cooled. Then, the film was cooled to room temperature and rolled up to obtain a sheet having a thickness of 250 nm.
The composition ratio of B layer/A layer/B layer [B layer/(A layer + B layer)] was 100% and various physical properties of sheet 15 (Example 11) on which the gas barrier layer was not provided were measured in the same manner.
Comparative examples 4 and 5
The number average molecular weight of the PET in B layer was 21000, the inherent viscosity therein was 0.71, the number average molecular weight of the PET in A layer was 18300, and the inherent viscosity therein was 0.55 (concentrations of titanium dioxide particles of the PET in both layers were 14% by weight). These polymers were laminated by passing them through a laminating apparatus so as to be in the order of B layer/A layer/B layer and the resulting layer was formed into ^ a sheet by T-die molding. The laminated constitution is a
composite three layer structure.
A sheet whose composition ratio of B layer/A layer/B layer [B layer/(A layer + B layer)] was 6% (Comparative example 4) was obtained. In Comparative example 5, the same PET as the PET in A layer (number average molecular weight: 18300, inherent viscosity: 0.55) was used for the PET in B layer. The sheet was stretched to a length 3.0 times longer in a longitudinal direction at a temperature of 90° C by the sequential biaxial stretching method. Then, the film was supplied to the following tenter and stretched to a length 3.0 times longer in a width direction at a temperature of 95° C. Thereafter, heat treatment was carried out at 220° C and two types of sheets having a thickness of 250 fxm were obtained. A laminate was obtained in the same manner as described in Example 8.
The laminate whose composition ratio was 6% was used and ^ the gas barrier layer was laminated by the method of Example
8. The resulting product was designated as sheet 11. Similarly, the Scime PET as the PET in A layer (number average molecular weight: 18300) was used for the PET in B layer and the obtained product was designated as sheet 16.
Comparative example 6
Fluorine film "Tedler" TWH20BS3 (50 pun) produced by Du Pont Inc. was used and the sheet was designated as sheet 17. ^ As for the sheet 17, the same item as that of other Examples
was measured.
Table 3 (Lamination ratio)
Conparative example 4 Example 8 Example 9 Example 10 Example 11 Coaparative example 5 Comparative example 6
Nwber average molecular weight (Mn) ot PET in A layer 18300 18300 18300 18300 sane as that of PBT in B layer 18300 -
Hiinber average nolecular weight ot PIT iB B Uyw 21000 21000 21000 21000 31000 21000 21000 31000 31000
CcNipealtleii ratio («) tB layer/(A lay«r * B layer)] < 7.3 IS 20 30 30 100 100 100
Typa of partlclas Tltanloa dioxid* Tltaaloa dioxida Tltanlua dloxlda Tltaaloa dloxlda TltanluB dloxlte Tltaaloa dioxide Titaaiua dloxlda Tltaaloa dioxide
5
Relative reflectance (%) 79.8 82 83 85 95 83 75
Processability o o o o o o X
Intrinsic viscosity (PET in A layer) 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.71 0.55 -
Intrinsic viscosity (PET in B layer) 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.55 -
Sample No. Laminate 11 Laminate 12 Laminate 13 Laminate 14 Sheet 15 Laminate 16 Sheet 17
)
)
Table 4 (Combination of lamination)
Comparative exeunple 7 Example 12 Example 13 Example 14 Example 15 Exiunple 16 Example 17 Example 18 Example 19
Number average molecular weight (Mn) of PET in A layer 18300 (without titanium) 18300 (without titanium) 18300 (without titanium) 18300 (without titanium) same as that of PET in B layer (without titanium) same as that of PET in B layer (without titanium) same as that of PET in B layer same as that of PET in B layer same as that of PET in B layer
Number average molecular weight (Mn) o£ PET in B layer 21000 21000 21000 21000 21000 21000 21000 21000 21000
Composition ratio (%) [B layer/(A layer + B layer)] 6 7.2 15 20 30 30 100 100 100
Type of particles Titanium dioxide Titanium dioxide Titanium dioxide Titanium dioxide Titanium dioxide Titanium dioxide Titanium dioxide Titanium dioxide Titanium dioxide
Concentration of titanium dioxide (wt%) (B layer) 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Content of titanium dioxide (based on total polyester resin sheet) 4.8 5.5 9 16 17 21 17 21 40
Apparent density 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.42 1.42 1.43
Hydrolysis resistance o o O O O O O O o
Heat resistance (elongation retention)(%) 36 42 45 57 63 65 73 73 73
Optical density 0.5 0.65 0.8 0.85 0.85 1.05 0.88 0.82 0.75
Variation in optical density (%) 21 19.2 11.5 10.2 9.5 7.8 8.8 11.8 12.8
Weatherablllty (resistance to UV rays) X A O O O O o O o
UV transmittance (%) 1.3 0.25 0.14 0.14 0.09 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.11
Total light transmittance (%) 26 20.5 20.2 18.5 17.1 10.1 13.2 13.5 14.6
Moisture vapor transmission rate (gas barrier properties)
(g/m2 [24 hr, thickness 0.1 mm conversion factor] 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35
Relative reflectance (%) 79 81 85 87 90 90 89 89 89
Processability O O O O o O O o o
Intrinsic viscosity (PET In A layer) 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71
Intrinsic viscosity (PET in B layer) 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71
Sample No. Sheet 18 Sheet 19 Sheet 20 Sheet 21 Sheet 22 Sheet 23 Sheet 24 Sheet 25 Sheet 26^