The present invention generally relates to oxygen production. More specifically, the present invention relates to a portable oxygen generating device that is operable at room temperature at enhanced efficiency.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] Background description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.
[0003] Oxygen is the second most naturally occurring (21%) and the only life-saving gas available in the air. It is essential for most of living organisms, including humans, to survive. In humans, oxygen is taken up to the mitochondria via the circulatory system for the production of energy, in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), for metabolism and other physiological functions. Nevertheless, the demand for medical oxygen for emergency purposes is growing in Today’s world, particularly during this COVID-19 pandemic. During the 2nd wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for medical oxygen has increased in many folds in India. Almost all the hospitals in the rural and urban areas face a severe shortage of oxygen. People are helpless and desperately looking for beds with oxygen facilities for their near and dear ones. Therefore, having a portable oxygen generator at home or any place and/or providing oxygen to COVID/ chronic, acute respiratory syndrome patients at any location at any time (without geographical limitation) will significantly save many lives.
[0004] Moreover, the COVID patients, post covid patients, not-so-critical conditions may even be treated at home if provided oxygen. It may even reduce the influx of citizens going to the hospitals. Various types of oxygen generators are available in the market for emergency purposes. They are currently used in many places such as aircraft, submarines, and by firefighters and mine rescue crews and a backup supply for the International Space Station.
[0005] While the pressure swing absorption (PSA) technique was widely used to concentrate oxygen from the atmospheric air, there are a number of settings and lengthy manufacturing procedures where the use of the PSA-based oxygen concentrators is problematic. In this technology-specific, zeolites are used to separate the nitrogen and other gases from air to obtain the highly pure oxygen gas. These PSA systems are also developed as portable concentrators, but they are very expensive because of their complex setup. And the other well-known technology was the electrochemical hydrolysis of water by splitting it into oxygen and hydrogen. Moreover, these methods are not feasible for quick oxygen generation in any emergency conditions. The major drawback of these PSA or electrochemical-based oxygen generators is that they run in electricity and thus can’t be used in remote rural areas or on the roadside, and any other places which lack electricity. Therefore, developing an easy-to-use simple chemical oxygen generator that can be used at any place without electricity is highly desirable in many setup.
[0006] In view of the complexity of separating the molecular oxygen from the air (i.e. the PSA-based technology used to develop oxygen concentrators), we focused on using the readily available cheap oxygen storage material as a source of oxygen. The liquid hydrogen peroxide is perhaps the best known and most commonly used oxidant, which contains 47.1 weight % oxygen (O2). However, in our case, we found it not suitable for using as oxygen storage material for the generation of medical oxygen. The average room temperature during summer in the subcontinent, including in India, is very high, around 40°C. In most of the places, the temperature can reach as high as 48°C. Hydrogen peroxide is fairly temperature-sensitive and, it decomposes substantially at high temperatures to oxygen and water. Therefore, using liquid hydrogen peroxide as an oxygen source is not a viable alternative in this setup as it demands the storage of starting material at a low temperature. Alternatively, one could use a solid form of hydrogen peroxide such as sodium percarbonate (SPC). It is produced by reacting sodium carbonate with hydrogen peroxide and is represented by the formula: 2Na2CO3.3H2O2. SPC has drawn significant attention over the years as an environment-friendly bleach in the detergent industry. Moreover, the coated SPC granules are readily available in the local market on a large scale, cheap, and fairly stable at room temperature in comparison to the liquid form of hydrogen peroxide. Dissolution of the solid SPC particles liberates H2O2 (Eq 1), which, in the presence of a suitable catalyst, decomposes to oxygen and water (Eq 2). One could accelerate the decomposition of H2O2 using various catalysts such as catalase (enzyme), MnO2, KMnO4, KI, or iron, and many others. ). SPC produces highly pure oxygen with non-toxic byproducts of sodium carbonate and water. A pure form of 157g SPC (1 mole) can deliver 16.8 litres of oxygen at 25°C and 1-atmosphere pressure.

[0007] Though the mixture of SPC and an oxidizing agent (catalyst) is a suitable composition for the generation of oxygen chemically, there are other challenges associated with this process, such as foaming and rising temperature during the reaction, need to be countered before using this chemical process for the development of portable oxygen generator. A few national and international groups have used trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate (TSP) as an anti-foaming and cooling agent to tackle those challenges. However, in our innovative system, it was found TSP is not so-suitable to use as an anti-foaming and cooling agent and has some detrimental effects in oxygen generation.
[0008] Therefore, there is a need in the art for a portable oxygen generating device that seeks to overcome shortcomings in the existing solutions and utilize techniques, which are robust, portable, efficient, cost-effective.
OBJECTS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[0009] Some of the objects of the present invention, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies are as listed herein below.
[0010] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a portable oxygen generating device.
[0011] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide a portable oxygen generating device that is operable in various climatic conditions.
[0012] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide a portable oxygen generating device that is not dependent on electricity for its operation.
[0013] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide a portable oxygen generating device that is easy to implement and cost-efficient.
[0014] Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a portable oxygen generating device that can provide oxygen based on the requirement, i.e. if requirement increases, the rate of production of oxygen could be increased.
[0015] The foregoing and other objects of the present invention will become readily apparent upon further review of the following detailed description of the embodiments as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
SUMMARY
[0016] The present invention generally relates to oxygen production. More specifically, the present invention relates to a portable oxygen generating device that is operable at room temperature at enhanced efficiency.
[0017] In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a portable oxygen generating device, the device includes: a reaction chamber having an enclosed space, wherein the reaction chamber comprises a reaction vessel for storing and facilitating of mixing of various reactants for generating oxygen and a cooling jacket for absorbing the heat generated in the reaction vessel; a catalyst loader for storing and preparing of the stored catalyst for enhancing rate of generation of oxygen in the reaction chamber, the catalyst loader is fluidically coupled to the reaction chamber through an inlet of the reaction chamber, wherein the catalyst chamber is positioned higher than the reaction chamber to enable natural flow of the catalyst from the catalyst loader to the reaction chamber; a purifier fluidically coupled with the catalyst loader, the purifier facilitates in removing contaminants from the generated oxygen received from the reaction chamber, wherein the oxygen thus received from an outlet of the purifier is generated at room temperature, and wherein the purified oxygen is free from contaminants and would facilitate in artificial breathing of a person, and wherein rate of generation of oxygen ranges from 0.4 to 110 Liters/minute.
[0018] In an aspect, the device comprises a set of reservoirs to facilitate in storing of the purified oxygen for later usage.
[0019] In an aspect, the catalyst loader is cylindrical in shape.
[0020] In an aspect, the device comprises a face mask fluidically coupled to any or a combination of the set of reservoirs and the purifier for providing oxygen to the person who requires artificial breathing.
[0021] In an aspect, the reaction chamber is made of a material selected from a list comprising of any or a combination of stainless steel, or polypropylene or High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE).
[0022] In an aspect, the cooling jacket is made of sponge type of material that enables retention of water to facilitate in controlling the temperature of the reaction chamber.
[0023] In an aspect, the reactants in the reaction chamber comprise any or a combination of sodium percarbonate (SPC), coated SPC granules, hydrogen peroxide, and various defoaming agents like vegetable oil/lubricant/butter / ghee / polymerized siloxane oil (PSO).
[0024] In an aspect, the catalyst is selected from the list comprising of: Potassium permanganate, Manganese dioxide, and pure/solute dissolved/modified water.
[0025] In an aspect, the device comprises a catalyst loader valve configured between the catalyst loader and reaction chamber to control the flow of the catalyst to the reaction chamber.
[0026] In an aspect, the device comprises a catalyst loading valve to facilitate any or a combination of loading of the catalyst in the catalyst loader and control the backpressure generated while generating oxygen.
[0027] In an aspect, the device comprises: a one-way valve for passing the exhaled gases; and a control valve for facilitating any or a combination of recirculating the exhaled air through the purifier, and controlling the flow of exhaled air towards the purifier.
[0028] In an aspect, the device comprises a motor suction pump configured between the face mask and any of the outlet of the purifier and the set of reservoirs.
[0029] In an aspect, the purifier comprises: a moisture absorber having silica granules or molecular sieves for absorbing moisture from the generated oxygen; a carbon dioxide absorber having soda lime (CaO + NaOH) for carbon dioxide absorption; an interconnector configured between the moisture absorber and the carbon dioxide absorber, and air filter having carbon filter for removing various contaminants.
[0030] Various objects, features, aspects and advantages of the inventive subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, along with the accompanying drawing figures in which like numerals represent like components.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0031] So that the manner in which the above-recited features of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may have been referred by embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.
[0032] These and other features, benefits, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent by reference to the following text figure, with like reference numbers referring to like structures across the views, wherein:
[0033] FIGs. 1A – 1E illustrate exemplary representations of portable oxygen generating device, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
[0034] FIGs. 2A – 2F; 3A – 3F illustrate exemplary representation of compact designs of portable oxygen generating device, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
[0035] FIGs. 4A – 4C illustrate exemplary representation of detailed information of ports of portable oxygen generating device, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
[0036] FIG. 5 illustrates graphical representation of temperature vs time during the generation of oxygen while treating SPC with A) Only KMnO4 or B) MnO2 or C) Mixture of KMnO4 and TSP, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0037] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details.
[0038] Various methods described herein may be practiced by combining one or more machine-readable storage media containing the code according to the present invention with appropriate standard computer hardware to execute the code contained therein. An apparatus for practicing various embodiments of the present invention may involve one or more computers (or one or more processors within a single computer) and storage systems containing or having network access to computer program(s) coded in accordance with various methods described herein, and the method steps of the invention could be accomplished by modules, routines, subroutines, or subparts of a computer program product.
[0039] If the specification states a component or feature “may”, “can”, “could”, or “might” be included or have a characteristic, that particular component or feature is not required to be included or have the characteristic.
[0040] As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, as used in the description herein, the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0041] The recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g. “such as”) provided with respect to certain embodiments herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention.
[0042] Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member can be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. One or more members of a group can be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is herein deemed to contain the group as modified thus fulfilling the written description of all groups used in the appended claims.
[0043] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. These embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those of ordinary skill in the art. Moreover, all statements herein reciting embodiments of the invention, as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to encompass both structural and functional equivalents thereof. Additionally, it is intended that such equivalents include both currently known equivalents as well as equivalents developed in the future (i.e., any elements developed that perform the same function, regardless of structure).
[0044] The present invention generally relates to oxygen production. More specifically, the present invention relates to a portable oxygen generating device that is operable at room temperature at enhanced efficiency.
[0045] In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a portable oxygen generating device, the device includes: a reaction chamber having an enclosed space, wherein the reaction chamber comprises a reaction vessel for storing and facilitating of mixing of various reactants for generating oxygen and a cooling jacket for absorbing the heat generated in the reaction vessel; a catalyst loader for storing and preparing of the stored catalyst for enhancing rate of generation of oxygen in the reaction chamber, the catalyst loader is fluidically coupled to the reaction chamber through an inlet of the reaction chamber, wherein the catalyst chamber is positioned higher than the reaction chamber to enable natural flow of the catalyst from the catalyst loader to the reaction chamber; a purifier fluidically coupled with the catalyst loader, the purifier facilitates in removing contaminants from the generated oxygen received from the reaction chamber, wherein the oxygen thus received from an outlet of the purifier is generated at room temperature, and wherein the purified oxygen is free from contaminants and would facilitate in artificial breathing of a person, and wherein rate of generation of oxygen ranges from 0.4 to 110 Liters/minute.
[0046] In an aspect, the device comprises a set of reservoirs to facilitate in storing of the purified oxygen for later usage.
[0047] In an aspect, the catalyst loader is cylindrical in shape.
[0048] In an aspect, the device comprises a face mask fluidically coupled to any or a combination of the set of reservoirs and the purifier for providing oxygen to the person who requires artificial breathing.
[0049] In an aspect, the reaction chamber is made of a material selected from a list comprising of any or a combination of stainless steel, or polypropylene or High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE).
[0050] In an aspect, the cooling jacket is made of sponge type of material that enables retention of water to facilitate in controlling the temperature of the reaction chamber.
[0051] In an aspect, the reactants in the reaction chamber comprises any or a combination of sodium percarbonate (SPC), coated SPC granules, hydrogen peroxide, and various defoaming agents like vegetable oil / lubricant / butter / ghee / polymerized siloxane oil (PSO).
[0052] In an aspect, the catalyst are selected from the list comprising of: Potassium permanganate, Manganese dioxide, and pure/solute dissolved/modified water.
[0053] In an aspect, the device comprises a catalyst loader valve configured between the catalyst loader and reaction chamber to control the flow of the catalyst to the reaction chamber.
[0054] In an aspect, the device comprises a catalyst loading valve to facilitate in any or a combination of loading of the catalyst in the catalyst loader and control the backpressure generated while generating oxygen.
[0055] In an aspect, the device comprises: a one-way valve for passing the exhaled gases; and a control valve for facilitating any or a combination of recirculating the exhaled air through the purifier, and controlling the flow of exhaled air towards the purifier.
[0056] In an aspect, the device comprises a motor suction pump configured between the face mask and any of the outlet of the purifier and the set of reservoirs.
[0057] In an aspect, the purifier comprises: a moisture absorber having silica granules or molecular sieves for absorbing moisture from the generated oxygen; a carbon dioxide absorber having soda lime (CaO + NaOH) for carbon dioxide absorption; an interconnector configured between the moisture absorber and the carbon dioxide absorber, and air filter having carbon filter for removing various contaminants.
[0058] This invention discloses the chemical oxygen generating compositions, which produces highly pure oxygen at ambient temperature without using electricity. Moreover, it relates to the development of a process that provides long stability of the main reagent SPC and catalyst under normal environmental conditions. Further, the disclosure relates to methods of producing oxygen and compact portable design.
[0059] One aspect of the disclosure provides an oxygen-generating composition, including sodium percarbonate, potassium permanganate/manganese dioxide, pure/solute dissolved/modified water, and defoaming agent. In some embodiments, the composition can further include the cooling agent. In most cases, the composition can be substantially free of polyethylene glycol and TSP. In particular, the composition can consist essentially of sodium percarbonate (SPC) as a source of oxygen, potassium permanganate/manganese dioxide/KI/Iron salts as a solo or in combination as a catalyst, water as the reaction medium, and seed/vegetable oil as a defoaming and cooling agent. Initially, the oxygen production rate is found to be critically dependent on the ratio of various reagents used in the reaction and the scale of the reaction. Table 1 summarizes the oxygen flow rate, ranging from 0.4 – 110 Liters/minute, at different ratios of reagents and the scale of the experiments. We noticed that the loading of the catalyst and the amount of medium (water) used in the process are very crucial in controlling the flow rate as well. Another crucial factor that controls the oxygen flow rate is the percentage of hydrogen peroxide in sodium percarbonate. This process will be separately patented in due course. Most importantly at large-scale experiments of oxygen production give information on the high flow rate and which is highly beneficial for the mass production of oxygen on demand.
[0060] The detailed experimental data of chemical composition and their effects on oxygen production, foaming, and temperature variations are mentioned in below table 1.
Table 1: The generation of oxygen with different chemical compositions.
Experiment Ratio
(SPC: Catalyst : H2O)
(g : mg : mL) Observations
A. The experimental studies of 25 liters oxygen production

Catalyst variations* 1:0.5:1 The O2 production was very slow, the flow rate was 0.4 -0.7 L/min observed
1:1:1 The O2 production was good, the flow rate was 2.0 – 4.0 L/min and the temperature was controllable.
1:1.5:1 The O2 production was good, the flow rate was 3.5 – 6.0 L/min and the temperature was controllable, but 5 to 7 % of SPC remains unreacted.
1:2:1 The O2 production was vigorous, the flow rate was 6.5 – 8.0 L/min, and the temperature was rapidly rising.
1:3:2 The O2 production was very vigorous, and the reaction was completed within 1.8 – 2.1 minutes.
Freshly prepared SPC 1:1.5:1 The reaction was rapid, and O2 production was 4.0 – 6.0 L/min, and the temperature was moderate.
Catalyst solid 1:1.5:1 The O2 production in high peak flow at first 5–6 min and the rate 5.0 – 7.2 L/min but later it reduced to 2 – 3 L/min. A high temperature was observed in the reaction.
Water 1:1.5:0.5 The O2 production was vigorous but almost 25 –30% of SPC remains unreacted
1:1.5:1 The production of O2 was very vigorous, and the reaction finished within 3.5 – 5.0 minutes and slightly it raised the internal temperature.
1:1.5:1.5 The production of oxygen was slightly vigorous, and the internal temperature was controllable; the entire reaction was finished in 5.5 – 6.5 minutes
1:1.5:2 A constant flow of oxygen 3.0 – 5.0 L/min and the complete consumption of SPC was observed. The max temperature was around 62-65 °C for 6.0 – 8.0 minutes, then decreased significantly. But in the case of the environment temperature was 22 ± 3°C, the reaction completion takes around 30 – 35 minutes.
B. Study of oxygen production at large scale experiments
100 litre Oxygen production 1:1.5:2 The experiment was finished within 6.0 – 8.0 min, and the flow rate of oxygen was 15 – 18 L/min, and the complete consumption of SPC. The max temperature was around 75 – 78 °C inside and the outer temperature around 63 ± 2 °C for 6.0 – 8.0 minutes, then the production was slowly reduced. There was no foaming inside the reaction
250 litre Oxygen production 1:1.5:2 The experiment was performed at room temperature around 33.5 ± 2 °C. The production of oxygen was finished within 7.0 – 8.0 minutes and the flow rate of oxygen 30 – 35 L/min. There was no SPC remained, and no foaming was observed. The maximum inside temperature was around 81 – 83 °C and the outer temperature around 75 ± 3 °C for 10 – 12 minutes, then slow down the O2 production.
1000 liter Oxygen production 1:1.5:2 The experiment was performed in water jacket supported vessel and maintained the temperature around 25 ± 2 °C. The production of oxygen was finished between 9th – 11th minute and the flow rate of oxygen was around 102 – 110 L/min. There was no SPC remained, and very little foaming was observed. The maximum inside temperature was around 83 – 86 °C and the outer temperature was around 72 ± 2 °C for 10 minutes, then later, the temperature has cooled down.
*= represent the catalyst (KMnO4) in the solution.
[0061] It was observed during the study that SPC is a superior reagent for generating oxygen over other oxygen sources, such as liquid hydrogen peroxide and urea hydrogen peroxide (UHP), in term of stability of the reagent, safe and easy to handle, and producing pure medical grade oxygen. The hydrogen peroxide is volatile, highly reactive, and undergoes exothermic reactions in the presence of a catalyst. On the other hand, UHP is a highly hygroscopic material and has the potential to release hydrogen peroxide in a controlled manner which further decomposes to molecular oxygen and water. This is an exothermic reaction, and at elevated temperatures, there is a high possibility of urea composing into toxic ammonia gas in the presence of an oxidizing agent. On the other hand, the surface-coated SPC granules are stable for several months to year(s), and their stability is further enhanced by providing an additional hydrophobic surface coating with vegetable oil and/or similar natural product. However, the additional coating does not affect the oxygen generation rate. The separated sodium carbonate will give surfactant behaviour in the solution, and that might be the reason most of the laundry uses SPC as a primary ingredient. Most of the published oxygen-generated works are based on MnO2 based catalyst systems and are well popular for pure breathable oxygen. The MnO2 was included in the present system in place of permanganate, the generation of O2 was initially very slow, but it got accelerated at a certain temperature, approximately 50 °C (FIG. 5 C).
[0062] Foaming is one of the major operational problems in chemical oxygen generators, and dealing with foaming incidents is still based on empirical practices. Thus, controlling foaming remains the major challenge in developing chemical oxygen generators. The invention discloses the control of foaming during the rapid production of oxygen by the addition of vegetable oil / similar natural products or polymerized siloxane-based oil (PSO) in the reaction medium and designing of the oxygen generator system (Oxy-Deal™). Later, the incorporation of the specific range of PSO addition in the reaction medium is cleverly introduced by coating SPC with PSO, which gives additional stability of SPC. There were several oils screened for controlling foam, such as coconut oil, sunflower oil, mustard oil, olive oil, almond oil, canola oil, silicone oil, soybean oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil, grapeseed oil, avocado oil, and their derivatives. All these different types of oils have shown the ability to control foaming to a certain extent, and it is highly dependent on the type of oil used in the reaction. An additional advantage of using PSO in the process is that it reduces the reaction temperature to a significant extent, and thus it can be used for multifunctional purposes. The present invention use of 0.5 – 5% PSO is sufficient in controlling foaming, rate of reaction and temperature to a moderate level. As the use of chemical oxygen-generators will be mostly limited for medical purposes, and thus the use of natural oil will be a natural choice.
[0063] The chemical oxygen generator, the chemical composition stability was very much essential, and it can impact the production of oxygen. Most of the time, the main reactant SPC was manufactured by encapsulation or coating technologies to control the release of active ingredients. The stability of these two major components, SPC and KMnO4 was studied in three different conditions such as sunlight, humidity chamber, and room temperature. These compounds, particularly in the case of coated SPC was stored in polypropylene bottles and in polyethylene pouches; similarly, in the case of catalyst, we stored at the amber colour bottle as well as polyethylene pouches. In another batch, compounds were mixed with PSO and kept for the stability check as same. The stability of materials was monitored throughout the year, such as in sunlight during summer (around 45 to 50 °C from April 2021 to July 2021), and similarly, the humidity chamber maintained the temperature 37 °C, and humidity 52. After three months, the stored compounds were in polyethylene pouches are slightly decomposed and in particularly SPC case, some amount of oxygen producing and whereas PSO mixed contents are not changed. Similarly, in the case of permanganate stability, in the presence of sunlight, the compound was turned to yellowish color, whereas PSO mixed or amber glass vessel stored one doesn’t change anything and further it enhances the self-life of catalyst as well as reactivity. The stability experiments disclose the PSO admixture increases the stability of the main reactant as well as the catalyst.
[0064] Another aspect of innovation discloses the role of water in portable chemical oxygen generators. Based on the availability of water, different types of water can be used in the system, such as rainwater, tap water, boar water, De-ionized water, river water, pond water, seawater and saline water. According to the recent report from Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, the USA, the flow rate of oxygen produced from adduct sodium percarbonate in granular form using seawater as the solvent was very high as compared to DI water. Moreover, it was mentioned like an increase of the water content in the system, the temperature was reduced minimum 10 °C to 20 °C. A further finding of the reactivity of SPC and catalyst with different types of water by observing flow rate of oxygen generation and the TDS value of water as mentioned in the below table.
Table 2: The effect of different types of water on reaction system of 25 litre oxygen production by the composition of SPC (g): Catalyst* (mg): Solvent (mL) (1:1.5:2).
Solvent TDS
(in ppm) pH Flow rate
(l/min) Observations
Rain water 04 ± 03 7.2 ± 0.3 2.8 – 3.0 L/min The O2 generation was smooth and the temperature was moderate
Tap water 107 ± 10 7.3 ± 0.2 3.3 – 3.6 L/min The flow rate of O2 generation was increased and the temperature was moderate
DI water 103 ± 10 7.6 ± 0.3 3.3 – 3.5 L/min There was no difference with tap water
Boar water 750 ± 50 7.5 ± 0.5 4.3 – 4.6 L/min The O2 generation in first 2 minutes was slow but at 3.0 – 4.0 minutes it was very high and the temperature was controllable
*: the catalyst in dissolved form.
[0065] The maximum flow rate of oxygen was observed when boar water was used as a catalyst solution. In general, boar water contains a high amount of iron substances in dissolved as well as undissolved forms. So the invention further discloses the acceleration of oxygen production with an admixture of iron salt in to the chemical composition and start the experiment with normal tap water. The generation of oxygen flow rate was increased from 3.3 L/min to 4.2 L/min. So admixture of ferric salt was enhancing the rate of oxygen generation, and it was not leading to any toxic effects. Similar observation was noticed when the natural lipid (Ghee) was mixed into the system. The flow rate of oxygen was 3.6 L/min, but initially huge amount of foaming was observed.
[0066] The discloser further provides the study of hot and cold water effect on the generation of oxygen from this system. This experiment was carried with various temperatures of water from 05 °C to 70 °C was used for making of catalyst solution. The results disclosed that the temperatures of the system increases the flow rate of oxygen also increases due to the high solubility of SPC. In general, the production of 100 L oxygen takes 6 minutes at the used water temperature around 35 ± 3 °C , whereas the reactor under cooling conditions and the catalyst solution also below 10 °C the production of oxygen was slightly delayed 15-20 minutes. The same reaction was performed with 70 °C of water to make the catalyst solution, and the production of 100 L was completed in 2 – 4 minutes. The result discloses the production of oxygen is also depend on the temperature of the water used in the system. Further, we studied the flow rate of different scale of experiments such as 0.25 kg or 1 kg or 2 kg or 10 kg, and all the experiments were finished under 10 minutes at water temperature around 35 ± 3 °C, and the flow rate of oxygen was from 3 L/min to 110 L/min. The flow rate highly depends on the solubility or dissolution of SPC in water with respect to temperature.
[0067] The production of O2 was highly dependent on the temperature of the reaction and further questioned that how to make the production of oxygen uniformly at various weather conditions, such as in summer the surrounded reaction and water temperature around 36 ± 4°C and winter 23 ± 4°C. For example, In summer, the generation of 25 litre oxygen takes only 6-8 minutes, whereas in winter, it takes almost 30-35 minutes. The experiments suggest that to solve the issue, the optimum quantity of water can maintain the uniform production of oxygen. For example, in winters, if the water ratio was slightly reduced to finish the reaction under the targeted time. Similarly, in high-temperature weather conditions to control the rate of reaction, the ratio of water content slightly increases in the reaction. The entire study describes the rate of reaction depending on the temperature of the surroundings and its proportional water content at a constant catalyst amount.
Reaction completion time ? 1/ (Surrounding temperature ? water quantity)
[0068] In an embodiment, the reaction chamber 2 that is enclosed by the housing can be made of any suitable materials such as stainless steel, or polypropylene or High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), or any other strong material which is capable of containing the reaction materials inside the reaction chamber while allowing the produced oxygen gas to pass through. Most of the reaction chambers were made according to the capacity of oxygen production. The present invention provides information of the customized capacity (for example, 20L to 1000L) of oxygen generators. The reaction chamber mainly includes, according to FIG 1A, the reaction vessel 1, and cooling jacket, which was made up with sponge type of material and it can hold the water to control the temperature of the reaction (especially used in large scale reactions, >1000L), one inlet pipe 3 for dissolved catalyst loading, and one outlet pipe 5 for the transferring of generated oxygen. Further, the system includes the cylindrical catalyst loader 6, which was connected with a reaction chamber 2 and one control valve 9, and water or dissolved catalyst loading cap 7 at the top of the cylindrical bottle with the help of inlet valve 26. The 26 valve also can be used as a safety valve for an emergency. The top of the bottle is connected with an outlet pipe with 8 and 10 valves to control the backpressure. The outlet pipe connected through 10 &12 to the purifier 13. The setup purifier 13 was very critical in the entire system, which includes three major compartments 14, 16, and 17, with an inter connecter 15 (FIG 1D). Compartment 14, designed for moisture absorbers and was filled with cylindrical packets of silica granules or molecular sieves. The next compartment 16 was specially designed for carbon dioxide absorption, which was mostly filled with soda lime (CaO + NaOH). The interconnection between 14 and 16 compartments with a narrow pipe to pass the oxygen from one compartment to another compartment to get pure oxygen. The last compartment of the purifier 17 was the air filter, which mainly was a carbon filter to remove the external impurities to get pure breathable oxygen. The generated oxygen was passed from the purifier to oxygen reservoir 20 via 18. Reservoir 20 can be easily detached from the entire system, which means one reaction setup can use for multiple reservoirs based on oxygen demand. The 20 was completely locked with NRV 19 system, and the oxygen accumulation chamber (oxygen reservoir) can be any customized shape. The reservoir directly connected to the face mask 25 mediated with 22 and the flow regulator 23. The mask has two connections, one inlet for inhaling the breathable oxygen and one outlet for exhaling gases. The most compact and durable application of this system was the recycling of oxygen. The setup was included with recycling of exhaling gases through 24, which was connected purifier at 12.
[0069] In addition, all the reservoir tubes have specific motor suction pump 26, which are battery supported around 9-12 V for passing excess flow of oxygen to the patient. This option was fixed to the reservoir as an adapted way to use like the patient need a high flow rate of oxygen, they can use it or else no need to switch it on. The adapted pump was running with battery, and on/off function 29, it can help to operate at needful conditions only and the representation of setup as shown in FIG. 1E.
[0070] Further, this invention presents the compact models for the portable device, and it strictly follows the above schematic diagrams and also shown the corresponding representation of various device setups from model-1 to model-5 in FIGs. 2A – 2F. All the model setups are compacted with 3 major parts reaction chamber, catalyst chamber and purification chamber. In all models of reaction chamber looks a cubic square box with small rectangular head cubic box except model no 4. The small rectangular head cubic box helps to control the foam during the reaction. The chamber includes 4 ports, one port for SPC loading, second one for catalyst loading into the reaction, third one for outlet of generated oxygen, the last port for draining the reaction chamber after the reaction and further safety valve also including in the chamber. Similarly incase of catalyst chamber looks rectangular cubic box which consisting of three ports, one is for catalyst loading and second one for catalyst transferring from chamber 6 to 2 and other port was connected between and at the top to minimize the back pressure. In case of chamber placed with purification unit which also can cover with or without rectangular cubic box as shown in FIGs. 2A - 2F & FIGs. 3A – 3F. The chamber purifiers has two ports, one is for inlet of generated oxygen and other for transfer the purified oxygen from purifier to oxygen accumulation chamber (oxygen reservoir). The detailed information of ports in the chamber was shown figure 10 individually.

List of elements in figure 10
30 Reaction chamber draining port
31 Catalyst release knob
32 Catalyst release pipe
33 Reactant loading mouth
34 Pipe connection
35 Outlet valve
36 Safety valve
37 Catalyst release pipe
38 Outlet
39 Catalyst display
40 Catalyst loading mouth
41 Pipe connection
42 Filter outlet
43 Filter outlet pipe
44 Purifier outlet
45 Filter unit
46 Outlet pipe
47 Pipe from outlet
48 Inlet valve of filter unit

EXAMPLES
[0071] All the experiments were performed using calibrated equipment such as digital balance for weighing of entire setup before and after oxygen production. The calibrated flow meter was used to find out the rate of oxygen production. Further checking the purity of oxygen and other gases estimation was measured by Honeywell QRAE 3TM digital gas analyzer as well as serrex oxygen analyzer OPM250, there we can find the maximum oxygen purity, and the other gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide also can be estimated. Most of the calculations related to the reservoir, reactor height, and air filter were done gravimetrically.
EXAMPLE 1
[0072] The production of oxygen by SPC, KMnO4, and PSO mixture was investigated as follows.
[0073] 250 g sodium percarbonate (SPC), 0.375g of KMnO4, and 2.5 g of PSO were added to a glass reaction chamber. The reaction chamber comprised a glass cylinder of 12 cm diameter 20 cm height. The cylinder top of the water/catalyst tank was fitted with 10 cm height, which was further fitted with an outlet pipe. The capped pipe on top of the tank was used for the addition of water, and the pipe was connected with outlet oxygen. The outlet pipe was further connected with an oxygen reservoir. To carry out the experiment, the reactor was loaded with the calculated amount of SPC and PSO then mixed thoroughly. After that, the tank was filled with dissolved catalyst (calculated KMnO4 in 500 mL of tank water) and further closed the entire setup without any leak. The dropping of the entire dissolved catalyst into the reaction chamber was done in one minute. In the initial 1 to 2 minutes, the flow was approximately 2 L/min, and after that, the flow of oxygen was around 4 L/min. The outlet pipe was fitted with a moisture trap, CO2 trap and carbon filter to get pure breathable oxygen. The generated oxygen purity was checked through oxygen analyzer OPM250 shows that the direct oxygen flow from reaction around 98.4%, whereas from the reservoir show 96.2%.

EXAMPLE 2
[0074] The generation of oxygen by SPC, MnO2 and PSO mixture was studied as follows. 250g sodium percarbonate (SPC), 0.375g of MnO2 and 2.5g PSO mixture were added to a glass reaction chamber. The reaction chamber was comprised of a glass cylinder of 12 cm diameter, 20 cm height. A cylindrical tank was fitted on the top of the reaction chamber with 10 cm height and 6 cm diameter, and which was filled with tap water. The tank was further fitted to the outlet with the help of T-joint. The outlet pipe was further connected with an oxygen reservoir through a purifier unit. To carry out the experiment, the reactor was loaded with a calculated amount of SPC, MnO2, and PSO then mixed thoroughly. After that, the capped tank was filled with tap water (calculated water in 500 ML of tank water) and further closed the entire setup without any leak. The addition of water into the reaction chamber took a maximum of one minute and then checked the generation of oxygen. The reaction was instantly started, but the oxygen production was very slow, and the temperature or oxygen generation was not much changed even after 5 minutes. The experimental observation describes that the generation of oxygen increases with rising reaction temperature. The
complete consumption of SPC takes almost 48 minutes, and total 25 litters of oxygen was produced.

EXAMPLE 3
[0075] The production of oxygen by SPC, KMnO4, PSO, and cooling agent trisodium phosphate decahydrate (TSP) mixture was investigated as follows. A 250 g sodium percarbonate (SPC), 0.375g of KMnO4, 2.5 g of PSO and 50 g of TSP were added to a glass reaction chamber. The reaction chamber comprised a glass cylinder of 12 cm diameter 20 cm height. The cylinder top of the water/catalyst tank was fitted with 10 cm height, which was further fitted with an outlet pipe. The capped pipe on top of the tank was used as the addition of water, and the pipe was connected with outlet oxygen. The outlet pipe was fitted with a moisture trap, CO2 trap, and carbon filter to get pure breathable oxygen. The outlet pipe was further connected with an oxygen reservoir via the purifier unit. To carry out the experiment, the reactor was loaded with a calculated amount of SPC, TSP, and VSO, then mixed thoroughly. After that, the tank was filled with dissolved catalyst (calculated KMnO4 in 500 mL of tank water) and further closed the entire setup without any leak. The addition of dissolved catalyst takes a maximum of one minute and check the generation of oxygen. The production of oxygen was slow, and the collection first 20 litres of oxygen took 15 minutes, and the remaining 5 litres collection took another 12 minutes. The complete consumption of SPC was taken 34 minutes, and the maximum reaction mixture temperature was around 61.5 °C and almost 5 °C less than the example 1.
[0076] While one or more operations have been described as being performed by or otherwise related to certain modules, devices or entities, the operations may be performed by or otherwise related to any module, device or entity. As such, any function or operation that has been described as being performed by a module could alternatively be performed by a different server, by the cloud computing platform, or a combination thereof.
[0077] Further, the operations need not be performed in the disclosed order, although in some examples, an order may be preferred. Also, not all functions need to be performed to achieve the desired advantages of the disclosed system and method, and therefore not all functions are required.
[0078] Various modifications to these embodiments are apparent to those skilled in the art from the description and the accompanying drawings. The principles associated with the various embodiments described herein may be applied to other embodiments. Therefore, the description is not intended to be limited to the 5 embodiments shown along with the accompanying drawings but is to be providing the broadest scope consistent with the principles and the novel and inventive features disclosed or suggested herein. Accordingly, the invention is anticipated to hold on to all other such alternatives, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the present invention and appended claims.
ADVANTAGE OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[0079] The present invention provides a portable oxygen generating device.
[0080] The present invention provides a portable oxygen generating device that is operable in various climatic conditions.
[0081] The present invention provides a portable oxygen generating device that is not dependent on electricity for its operation.
[0082] The present invention provides a portable oxygen generating device that is easy to implement and cost-efficient.
[0083] The present invention provides a portable oxygen generating device that can provide oxygen based on the requirement, i.e. if requirement increases, the rate of production of oxygen could be increased.

We Claim:

1. A portable oxygen generating device, said device comprising:
a reaction chamber (2) having an enclosed space, wherein the reaction chamber comprises a reaction vessel (1) for storing and facilitating of mixing of various reactants for generating oxygen and a cooling jacket for absorbing the heat generated in the reaction vessel (2);
a catalyst loader (6) for storing and preparing of the stored catalyst for enhancing rate of generation of oxygen in the reaction chamber (2), the catalyst loader (6) is fluidically coupled to the reaction chamber (2) through an inlet (3) of the reaction chamber (2), wherein the catalyst loader (6) is positioned higher than the reaction chamber (2) to enable natural flow of the catalyst from the catalyst loader (6) to the reaction chamber (2);
a purifier (13) fluidically coupled with the catalyst loader (6), the purifier (13) facilitates in removing contaminants from the generated oxygen received from the reaction chamber (2), wherein the oxygen thus received from an outlet (18) of the purifier (13) is generated at room temperature,
and wherein the purified oxygen is free from contaminants and would facilitate in artificial breathing of a person, and wherein
rate of generation of oxygen ranges from 0.4 to 110 Liters/minute.
2. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device comprises a set of reservoirs (20) to facilitate in storing of the purified oxygen for later usage.
3. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the catalyst loader (6) is cylindrical in shape.
4. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device comprises a face mask (25) fluidically coupled to any or a combination of the set of reservoirs (20) and the purifier (13) for providing oxygen to the person who requires artificial breathing.
5. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction chamber (2) is made of material selected from a list comprising of any or a combination of stainless steel, or polypropylene or High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE).
6. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cooling jacket is made of sponge type of material that enables retention of water to facilitate in controlling the temperature of the reaction chamber.
7. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reactants in the reaction chamber (2) comprises any or a combination of sodium percarbonate (SPC), coated SPC granules, hydrogen peroxide, and various defoaming agents like vegetable oil/lubricant/butter / ghee / polymerized siloxane oil (PSO).
8. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the catalyst in selected from the list comprising of: Potassium permanganate, Manganese dioxide, and pure/solute dissolved/modified water.
9. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device comprises a catalyst loader valve (4) configured between the catalyst loader (6) and reaction chamber (2) to control flow of the catalyst to the reaction chamber (2).
10. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device comprises a catalyst loading valve (7) to facilitate in any or a combination of loading of the catalyst in the catalyst loader (6) and control the backpressure generated during generating oxygen.
11. The device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the device comprises:
a one-way valve (24) for passing the exhaled gases; and
a control valve (11) for facilitating any or a combination of recirculating the exhaled air through the purifier, and controlling the flow of air towards the purifier.
12. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device comprises a motor suction pump (26) configured between the face mask (25) and any of the outlet (18) of the purifier and the set of reservoirs (20).
13. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the purifier (13) comprises:
a moisture absorber (14) having silica granules or molecular sieves for absorbing moisture from the generated oxygen;
a carbon dioxide absorber (16) having soda lime (CaO + NaOH) for carbon dioxide absorption;
an interconnector (15) configured between the moisture absorber and the carbon dioxide absorber; and
air filter (17) having carbon filter for removing various contaminants.
14. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device is air-tight.