Technical field
[0001] The invention is in the field of power electronics, in particular the power converter, and relates to the structure of a phase module for power converter and an inverter. Furthermore, the invention relates to a vehicle with an inverter.
Previously known prior art,
[0002] Inverter used to convert AC voltage and current, with the characteristics such as voltage amplitude and frequency to be adjusted there. An inverter may comprise a DC link. It serves as a buffer and as an electric buffer. Voltage and current are converted in power converters alike.

[0003] Used to drive, for example, drives of variable speed electric motors. These come in vehicles, in particular rail vehicles, such as trams, metros, electric locomotives and high speed trains. The vehicle uses the voltage across, for example, an overhead line or conductor rail. This is then adjusted in the inverter for the electric drive.

[0004] Electric motors are also used as a dynamo to generate electricity from kinetic energy, for example during braking of an electric vehicle. The inverter typically works in both directions.
[0005] Inverter modules can phase with controllable semiconductor components, for example, IGBTs (insulated-gate bipolar transistor) having. By a traffic control, a phase current is generated in the phase module. This can then, for example, to drive an electric motor.

Disadvantages of the prior art

[0006] converter in rail vehicles consist of large arrays of unit converters, each power converter unit is connected to the intermediate circuit. Long connections to the intermediate circuit produce a high inductance, and an associated loss of performance.

problem

[0007] The task is to improve the structure of the inverter.

inventive solution

[0008] This object is achieved by a power phase module for a modular inverter. Furthermore, this object is achieved by an inverter and a vehicle, especially a rail vehicle.

[0009] The invention proposes a power phase module for a modular inverter. The power stage module has at least a first DC terminal pair at one end side of the power phase module with respective connecting elements for connection to a current pair of rails; a first DC terminal pair spaced apart and connected in parallel to this first DC-capacitor terminal pair at the end face with respective connecting elements for connection to an associated phase of the power module intermediate circuit capacitor module; a first AC terminal on another side of the power stage module; a switching device connected to the first AC terminal and the first DC terminal pair for converting an applied in an operational state to the first DC terminal pair in a DC voltage generated at the first AC terminal ac voltage or vice versa; and a cooling device for removing heat from the power module phase, in particular of the switching device on.

[0010] The power phase module can be used in a modular inverter for converting direct current into alternating current or alternating current into direct current. In the converter a plurality of power phase modules can be operated from one another in parallel, independent or dependent. The power stage modules are a compact design and can be arranged in modular inverter space saving side by side. the power phase module is interchangeable beneficial.

[0011] The power stage module has a front side. This may for example have a cuboid with large and small face the approximate shape. The front side is a side having a small area. On this front side, the power phase module comprises at least a first DC terminal pair. To the DC terminal pair a busbar pair can be frontally connected to the power phase module. The power phase module is supplied with connected busbars via the DC connection couple with a DC voltage or can feed a DC voltage.

[0012] The first DC terminal pair is designed for DC voltage and may include two fasteners, which are formed as two terminals with the corresponding contact elements. According to one embodiment, during an operating state of the power stage module, the two terminals of the first DC terminal pair at different potentials, so that a DC voltage is between them. The terminals of the DC terminal pair are arranged relative to one another and electrically insulated so that in a normal operating state, no current can flow between them. As insulation between terminals, for example, air can be located. Also, the terminals may be electrically insulated by a coating.

[0013] The power stage module has at the front side further comprises a first DC terminal pair spaced apart and connected in parallel to this first DC-capacitor terminal pair. To the first DC-capacitor terminal pair an associated module to the power phase intermediate circuit capacitor module can be connected. For this, the connecting elements of the first DC capacitor connection pair can be connected to terminals of the DC link capacitor module. The connection between the DC-capacitor terminal pair and the intermediate circuit capacitor module is in particular detachably, for example, the connecting elements are designed as holes and the terminals of the intermediate circuit capacitor module have a corresponding contact elements on screws or bolts current.

[0014] According to one embodiment, the first DC-capacitor terminal pair to two terminals that are during an operating state of the power phase module at different potentials, and between which a DC voltage. The two Anschüsse are electrically insulated from each other and spaced apart. You can close

are adjacent, in particular they may be arranged so that the DC capacitor terminal pair, no further current-carrying conductor is arranged between the two terminals.

[0015] According to one embodiment, the first DC terminal pair to two terminals that are during an operating state of the power phase module at different potentials, and between which a DC voltage. The terminals may spatially adjacent to each other close to the end face.

[0016] In intermediate circuits of converters usually electrical capacitors are installed. At high currents and high power density of the inverter, a high current carrying capacity while low inductance can the intermediate circuit capacitor to be advantageous for the efficiency. A low effective series resistance (ESR) and a low effective series inductance (ESL) are requirements for good efficiency. A low-inductance connection of the DC link capacitor to the switching device can also lead to an increase in efficiency. A low-inductance connection can also lead to a discharge of the semiconductor strain by switching voltages and switching currents.

[0017] The inductance of the connection of the switching devices to the capacitor is determined inter alia by the length of the electric wire or the size of the conductor loop. The larger the conductor loop, the greater the inductance. The intermediate circuit capacitor should be placed as close to the switching device. The first DC-capacitor terminal pair at the front side is executed according to an embodiment such that an intermediate circuit capacitor module can be substantially directly connected to the first DC-capacitor terminal pair. That is, the intermediate circuit capacitor module can be arranged spatially close as possible to the power phase module.

For this purpose, the power stage module is arranged so that the front side of the power phase module facing the intermediate circuit capacitor module directly. In particular, the intermediate circuit capacitor module comprises at least one surface, are arranged on the electrical contact elements for connection of the DC-capacitor terminal pair to the intermediate circuit capacitor module.

Preferably, the electrical contact elements are arranged exclusively on a surface of the intermediate circuit capacitor module. The power stage module is arranged such that the first end A of the power stage module of a surface opposite to the intermediate circuit capacitor module. The power stage module is arranged with its end face so on associated with it intermediate circuit capacitor module. In this way, a very short and low-inductance connection situation between the intermediate circuit capacitor and the switching device is advantageously created. This also includes connecting elements between the DC capacitor terminal pair and the intermediate circuit capacitor module that are in particular releasable. The connecting members may include both mechanical fasteners as well as electrically conductive connections.

[0018] The intermediate circuit capacitor module comprises at least one capacitor. The capacitor acts as an intermediate circuit capacitor of the power phase module. During a switching operation of the switching device the current changes in the capacitor. It is therefore part of the commutation. The intermediate circuit capacitor is called commutation.

[0019] The power stage module has a first AC port on a side other than the front side. About the first AC connection, the power phase module is supplied with an AC voltage or can feed an AC voltage. This other side may be opposite the front side and be yourself other face.

[0020] The power phase module further includes a switching device. The switching device is connected to the first AC terminal and the first DC terminal pair. The switching device is suitable for converting a voltage applied in an operational state to the first DC terminal pair in a DC voltage generated at the first AC terminal ac voltage or vice versa. The switching device is thus electrically connected between the first DC terminal pair and the first AC connection.

[0021] According to one embodiment the switching device is arranged not only electrically but also spatially between the first DC terminal pair and the first AC terminal. It may be overlapping areas. An object of the invention is, inter alia, to minimize the inductance. This can be done by minimizing the size and length of conductor loops. A compact spatial arrangement therefore makes sense.

[0022] According to an embodiment is in an operating state of the power stage module to a DC voltage on the first DC terminal pair. About the connection of the first DC terminal pair to the switching device, a current flows to this by the switching device via the connection to the first AC connection. Depending on the switching device, it can be operated so that an AC voltage is generated at the first AC connection.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the switching device comprises at least one of the following electronic components on: diode, power MOSFET, and IGBT. In particular in this case be part of the switching device it also circuits of a plurality of diodes, IGBT half-bridge or -Vollbrücken or combinations thereof.

[0024] According to one embodiment, the one or have a plurality of switching devices of the power phase module in each case at least one diode half-bridge or a half bridge IGBT.

[0025] In the conversion of direct voltage into alternating voltage, the switching device produced in accordance with one embodiment, a frequency or is a frequency before, with the direct current is converted into an alternating current at this same frequency. The switching device may to a controller, in particular a gate control, have or be connected to a controller.

[0026] According to one embodiment, the power stage module comprises at least to a controller for controlling the switching device. The control unit is advantageously arranged on the other end side, ie the front side of the AC terminals.

[0027] In one embodiment, the power stage module, in particular the switching device, one or more terminals of a controller for controlling the one or more switching devices. The control can via electrical signals, for example through copper wires or optical signals, for example via optical fibers, take place.

[0028] In one embodiment, the power stage module further or more additional switching devices. Two or more switching devices can be connected to the same AC terminal, if their frequencies and phases are compatible. however, each switching device can also be connected to a separate AC connection and the power phase module has then more AC connections.

[0029] Several switching devices may be connected between the first DC terminal pair and the one or more AC connections in accordance with one embodiment, parallel to each other. For multiple DC terminal pairs, the switching devices may be parallel to each other between the DC terminal pairs and be connected to or the AC terminals.

[0030] According to a further embodiment, the power stage module to a power supply terminal for feeding gate drivers of the switching device. The gate driver may vary with the different embodiments of the switching devices, so the semiconductor components and circuits. For example, to a power supply terminal, a voltage of 24V or 110V while an operating state to be connected. These are typical stresses in a rail vehicle by, for example, the vehicle battery.

[0031] In one embodiment, a switching device, one or more switching modules, in particular a dual-switching module or two single-switch modules on. For a dual-switching module is this connected both to the first and to the second terminal of the DC terminal pair. In a single switch module only one terminal of the DC connection pair with single-switch module is connected.

[0032] A dual switch module can be electrically correspond to a full-wave rectifier. It makes use of both the potentials of the DC terminal pair and converts it through an appropriate controller into an AC voltage. A single switch module can electrically be seen as half-wave rectifier. It uses only a potential of the DC terminal pair. Two single-switch modules electrically form a full-wave rectifier.

[0033] According to one embodiment, the voltage class of the switching devices, in particular of the entire power module phase, at about 1200 V to about 6500V.

[0034] According to one embodiment, an electric current of a DC terminal pair for a AC connection via a switching device in an operational state of at least 300A (dual switch), or at least 800A (individual switch).

[0035] According to one embodiment used to control the one or more switching devices so as to produce an AC voltage at its AC connection from the applied DC voltage. The control of the switching device may be in particular a gate control, when the switching devices controllable semiconductor components with gates, in particular IGBTs have.

[0036] According to one embodiment, the power stage module to a gate control. The gate controller is connected to the switching device and adapted to control the switching device such that a voltage applied to the switching device DC voltage is converted into an AC voltage, or vice versa.

[0037] In one embodiment, the switching device comprises two single-switch modules, each with a diode, wherein the diodes are antiparallel to each other. In this embodiment, the resulting half-bridge is a passive circuit. Two of these half bridge result in a uncontrolled rectifier.

[0038] According to a further embodiment, the switching device is a dual-switching module. The dual switch module includes a half-bridge with switches and anti-parallel diode; or the dual switching module comprises a half-bridge rectifier with diodes.

[0039] According to a further embodiment, the switching device is a dual-switch module with a half-bridge chopper with a semiconductor switch and an antiparallel diode as well as a diode. Semiconductor switches, in particular IGBT, and its associated antiparallel diode may also be integrated on a chip. This also applies to a power MOSFET, the anti-parallel diode is monolithically integrated.

[0040] In one embodiment, the power stage module 1 to 6 switching modules (single or dual switching modules).

[0041] The power stage module, in addition to the first AC terminal further having AC terminals. According to Embodiment 1, the power stage module to 6 AC terminals. Different embodiments of switching devices can be installed in a power module and phase be associated with the AC terminals. The power stage module can have from 1 to 6 switching devices.

[0042] An AC terminal of the power phase module of an electric motor can be used as a load terminal for example, the phase connection. The current flows from one terminal of the DC terminal pair through the switching device via the AC connection to the electric motor. Conversely, the AC connection can be used as supply of alternating current to be used by a regenerative brake by a generator, for example during a braking operation of an electric vehicle. The current is generated in the generator and flows via the AC connection via the switching device to the DC terminal pair. A capacitor connected at an intermediate circuit capacitor module serves as an intermediate energy storage and as an electric buffer during Umrichtens.

[0043] The power stage module further comprises a cooling device for removing heat from the power module phase, in particular of the switching device on. In an operating state of the electrically conductive components of the power module phase heat is generated by the ohmic resistance. In particular, in the one or more switching devices in electrical energy is converted to heat parasitic. By rising temperatures, the efficiency of the components usually sinks. The cooling device protects the power stage module from being destroyed by heat and cools it down to an efficient operating temperature.

[0044] According to an embodiment is formed, the cooling apparatus as a cooling plate. On the cooling plate, the switching device may be arranged such that the resulting in the switching devices can be dissipated by the cooling device. The cooling plate may be formed as a mechanical support of the switching devices.

[0045] In one embodiment, the cooling device comprises a coolant. The coolant may be a gas or a liquid, in particular substantially water or air. Adjustments of the coolant, the expert can make according to common coolers for comparable electronic assemblies.

[0046] In one embodiment, the cooling device hydraulic connections for leading coolant into and out of the cooling device. The hydraulic connections can be connected to a coolant system. For example, the hydraulic connections can be listed as quick couplings and are connected by a plugging to corresponding terminals of a coolant system with this.

[0047] According to one embodiment, the power phase module in approximately the shape of a cuboid with large and small area sides. The front side is a side having a small area. The switching devices, especially the single or dual switching modules of the switching devices are arranged side by side in a plane perpendicular to the end face. The cooling device is so connected to the switching modules of the switching device, or that heat generated on the gas flowing in the cooler refrigerant from the switching device or the switching modules and is discharged. For example, the cooling device may include the switching devices or the switching modules partially or cooling device may be designed as a plate-shaped member, on which the switching devices and

[0048] In one embodiment, the switching device of the power phase module interchangeable. That is, the switching device is so detachably connected in the power phase module with the other components, that it can be expanded to destroy the power phase module without other ingredients. The switching device is releasably secured thereto, for example by releasable fastening means such as screws.

[0049] According to one embodiment, the first DC terminal pair and the first DC-capacitor terminal pair formed of angled transverse bridges sheet metal areas and these metal plate disposed in areas substantially in a plane. The respective connecting elements of the first DC terminal pair and the first DC-capacitor terminal pair may be formed on or in the angled sheet metal portions.

[0050] According to one embodiment, the first terminal of the first DC terminal pair and the first DC-capacitor terminal pair of a, in particular single-piece, formed metal sheet. The terminals may connecting elements, for example, have bore holes for fastening means. This may apply analogously for the second terminals of the first DC terminal pair and the first DC-capacitor terminal pair, the terminals may be formed independently and differently.

[0051] According to one embodiment, the two terminals of the DC capacitor terminal pair at a different distance to each other than the two terminals of the first DC terminal pair. The terminals of the DC capacitor terminal pair are provided for connection to an intermediate circuit capacitor module or a DC link capacitor. The two terminals of the first DC terminal pair are provided for connection to busbars. The distance between two busbars may be different to the distance between two intermediate circuit capacitor terminals.

[0052] According to one embodiment, the connecting elements of the first and / or the second DC-capacitor terminal pair at a different distance to each other than the connecting elements of the first and / or the second DC terminal pair.

[0053] According to this embodiment, the terminals of the first DC terminal pair of bus bars and the terminals of the first DC-capacitor terminal pair are connected to an intermediate circuit capacitor module, wherein the bus bars and the intermediate circuit capacitor module are also disposed substantially in a plane. By spatially close connection of the intermediate circuit capacitor module to the DC capacitor terminal pair, the resulting geometric size of the loop is reduced and thereby also reduces the inductance of the intermediate circuit.

[0054] According to this embodiment is assigned to each power phase module exactly one intermediate circuit capacitor module and the DC link capacitor module comprises at least one capacitor. Typical capacity of the intermediate circuit capacitor module are in the range of several hundred microfarads to more than 1000 microfarads, and can be selected depending on the voltage in the intermediate circuit. For example, the capacitance at 400μΡ for 3,6kV, wherein 700μΡ for 2.8kV, 1.8kV for at 1600μΡ or 9000μΡ may be at 750V. These discrete values ​​are merely given by the typical targets in the manufacture of capacitors and not limited thereto. The total capacity is given by one or more parallel connected capacitors in the intermediate circuit capacitor module.

[0055] According to one embodiment are formed ports of the connected intermediate circuit capacitor module as knife contacts. Several mechanical knife contacts, which are combined to form two contact groups may be respectively a first or a second potential in an operating state. Alternatively, the intermediate circuit capacitor module may have only a single blade contact pair. The number of DC capacitor terminal pairs is adapted to the contacts of the DC link capacitor module. Each contact group may have for example three blade contacts with corresponding connecting elements. In addition to the first DC-capacitor terminal pair, the power stage module has then two more DC-capacitor terminal pairs on,

[0056] In one embodiment, further, the power stage module, a second DC-capacitor terminal pair and optionally a third DC-capacitor terminal pair, wherein the first DC-capacitor terminal pair and the second DC-capacitor terminal pair and, optionally, the third DC capacitor terminal pair are detachably connected to an intermediate circuit capacitor module with four ports or six ports. For this, the additional DC capacitor terminal pairs may also have fasteners. Alternatively, the power stage module can also comprise two DC capacitor terminal pairs wherein two terminals of each DC-capacitor terminal pair combined to form a common terminal, and are formed. the common terminal is advantageously formed in such a way

[0057] In one embodiment, the power stage module, a second DC-capacitor terminal pair, which is spaced at the front side of the power stage module to the first DC terminal pair and the first DC-capacitor terminal pair, respectively, and connected in parallel.

[0058] According to one embodiment, the first or the first and second DC-capacitor terminal pair for releasable connection with corresponding contact elements of a placeable on the front side intermediate circuit capacitor module are formed.

[0059] In one embodiment, an intermediate circuit capacitor module comprises at least a capacitor and two or more ports. The capacitor is connected between the two terminals. The intermediate circuit capacitor module can also comprise several capacitors connected in parallel or the capacitors are connected in parallel by connecting to the power phase module.

[0060] In one embodiment, further, the power phase module a second DC terminal pair to which on the end side of the power stage module to the first DC terminal pair and the first DC-capacitor terminal pair spaced apart in each case and is connected in parallel. The second DC terminal pair may also comprise two connecting elements to two terminals that are in an operating state at different potentials.

[0061] According to this embodiment, the terminals of the two DC terminal pairs may be formed physically close to each other for connection to two in parts parallel pairs of busbars respectively. By spatially close guiding of the two current directions, the sizes are minimized by conductor loops and reduces the inductance. This has a positive effect on efficiency.

[0062] According to an embodiment are arranged, the first DC-capacitor terminal pair or the first and the second DC-capacitor terminal pair between the first DC terminal pair and the second DC terminal pair in a row. Thereby may be arranged an intermediate circuit capacitor module between two current rail pairs. This reduces the distance of the intermediate circuit capacitor to the switching device, thereby reducing the inductance. The terminals of the DC terminal pairs are then spatially close to each other, so that always two conductors are arranged with opposite current directions spatially close. The sizes of the conductor loops are minimized.

[0063] A connected intermediate circuit capacitor module according to this embodiment is arranged between the two DC terminal pairs and to the DC-

Capacitor terminal pair connected. two pairs of busbars are each connected to the two DC connector pairs. This arrangement includes a symmetry. In an operating state with connected busbars and the intermediate circuit capacitor module current-carrying conductor of a potential and current-carrying conductor of the other potential by the symmetrical arrangement are spatially close to each other, so that the size of the conductor loops formed thereby is minimized and thus the inductance is minimized.

[0064] The system may include a high impedance symmetry, whereby a symmetric flow of current is possible in and out of the intermediate circuit capacitor module. The following symmetries are independently possible and advantageous.

[0065] According to one embodiment, the impedances of the DC terminals of the first connector pair substantially identical.

[0066] According to one embodiment, the impedances of the terminals of the first DC-capacitor terminal pair are substantially identical.

[0067] According to one embodiment, the impedances of the DC terminals of the second capacitor terminal pair are substantially identical.

[0068] According to one embodiment, the impedances of the DC terminals of the second terminal pair are substantially identical.

[0069] According to one embodiment, the impedances of the terminals of the first DC-capacitor terminal pair and the second DC-capacitor terminal pair are substantially identical.

[0070] According to one embodiment, the impedances of the DC terminals of the first terminal pair and the second DC terminal pair are substantially identical.

[0071] According to one embodiment, the first DC terminal pair, the first DC-capacitor terminal pair and the switching device in each case a first terminal and the power phase module further comprises a first transverse bridge, the first terminals of the first DC terminal pair, the first electrically connecting DC-capacitor terminal pair and the switching device.

[0072] According to one embodiment, the first DC terminal pair, the first DC-capacitor terminal pair and the switching device in each case a second terminal and the power phase module further comprises a second transverse bridge connecting the second terminals of the first DC terminal pair, the first electrically connecting DC-capacitor terminal pair and the switching device.

[0073] According to a further development of the embodiment connects the first transverse bridge in addition, the first terminals of other DC terminal pairs and / or other DC-capacitor terminal pairs and / or other switching devices. The second transverse bridge may also additionally connect the second terminals of other DC terminal pairs and / or other DC-capacitor terminal pairs and / or other switching devices.

[0074] It may be respectively a first connection with the first transverse bridge and optionally a second terminal respectively connected to the second transverse bridge several parallel-connected switching devices via.

[0075] The two transverse bridges flows in an operating state of the power stage module according to this embodiment, a DC current from the terminals of the or the DC terminal pairs to the one or more switching devices and the one or more DC-capacitor terminal pairs to the intermediate circuit capacitor module.

[0076] The first transverse bridge and the second transverse bridge can immediately next to each other and to be extend in sections parallel to each other without electrically in direct contact. Characterized a substantially symmetrical impedance for a plurality of parallel-connected switching devices is generated. This allows for a symmetric current flow through the transverse bridges and the switching devices.

[0077] The cross bridges are designed for a high current load. They have the smallest possible ohmic resistance. The transverse bridges may include metals having a high conductivity, in particular copper or aluminum. The transverse bridges may further comprise a coating, for example for corrosion protection and / or as protection against electrical arcing.

[0078] According to one embodiment, the cross bridges integrally, for example from a metal sheet formed. The transverse bridges may include a coating. The metal sheets may have angled portions at the front side of the power module and phase be formed into DC ports.

[0079] According to one embodiment, the first DC terminal pair and the first DC-capacitor terminal pair formed by transverse bridges angled sheet metal portions, and these sheet metal portions are arranged substantially in a plane, said respective link members of the first DC terminal pair and the first DC condenser-terminal pair are formed on or in the angled sheet metal portions.

[0080] According to an embodiment is formed such that DC-capacitor terminal pair at the front side, that a displacement of the power phase module above makes contact between the DC capacitor terminal pair and a platziertem on the front side intermediate circuit capacitor module with the front side. The power phase module with its front edge first be pushed onto connectors of the DC link capacitor module. For this, the power stage module may be slidably mounted so that the end face is substantially vertically oriented. The power module can phase to supports, for example, guide rails have. In this shifting also the cooling device may be a coolant system connected to a dedicated port.

[0081] Several power phase modules can be arranged side by side one embodiment, such as, so that their front sides are each oriented substantially vertically. In particular, the end faces of the plurality of power phase modules may be parallel to each other and / or be arranged pointing in one plane and / or the power phase modules in the same direction.

[0082] The power stage module formed in accordance with one embodiment as part of a modular inverter. It can be installed in particular replaceable and releasably securable in the drive. The total mass of the power phase module is less than 50kg, especially less than 30kg. This allows the power stage module on without mechanical lifting devices and expanded. The capacitors of the intermediate circuit capacitor module located in an operating condition in the commutation, are low inductance connected to the switching devices.

[0083] It is further an inverter with at least two, in particular at least three proposed power stage modules. The inverter has at least two, in particular at least three, intermediate circuit capacitor modules, with each power phase module is arranged with its end face on a mapped him intermediate circuit capacitor module, and wherein the first DC-capacitor terminal pair each power phase module is releasably connected to corresponding contact elements of the associated intermediate circuit capacitor module.

[0084] By using a plurality of intermediate circuit capacitor modules in a converter and placing close to the performance of phase modules, or to the switching devices is reduced, the inductance of the compounds. The capacitors in the intermediate circuit capacitor modules are less stressed, and their lifetime is extended.

[0085] Each intermediate circuit capacitor module is associated with a power stage module and connected to this by connecting elements. The DC link capacitor module for this purpose has corresponding contact elements.

[0086] According to one embodiment further includes the inverter to a power rail pair at a first power rail and a plane extending parallel to the first busbar second power rail for guiding a direct current. The first bus bar and the second bus bar are substantially in one plane and the power phase modules with their end faces are arranged adjacent and parallel to said plane, wherein the first DC terminal pair is connected to each power phase module via its connection elements to the first busbar and the second busbar , Via the power rail, the power phase modules are also connected to other intermediate circuit capacitor modules, but these compounds have a larger ohmic resistance and a larger inductance than the direct connection to the,

[0087] According to one embodiment further includes the inverter a pair of connectors comprising a first connector and a second connector, wherein the first connector and the second connector are substantially in one plane and the output stage modules are arranged with their end faces adjacent and parallel to said plane and wherein the first DC-capacitor terminal pair each power phase module is connected via its connection elements of a first connector and a second connector. The connection elements of the first DC-capacitor terminal pair can to be connected to corresponding contact elements of the intermediate circuit capacitor modules and with the first and second connectors.

[0088] According to a further development of the embodiment further includes the inverter to a second power rail pair including a third bus bar and a fourth bus bar for carrying a DC current. The first bus bar, the second bus bar, the third bus bar and the fourth bus bar can sections are parallel and lie substantially in a plane, and wherein the terminals of the second DC terminal pairs are connected to the third bus bar and the fourth bus bar.

[0089] According to a further development of the embodiment further includes the inverter, a second connector pair having a third connector and a fourth connector, wherein the third connector and the fourth connector are substantially in one plane and the power phase modules with their end faces adjacent to one another and parallel to plane are arranged, and wherein the second DC-capacitor terminal pair each power phase module is connected via its connection elements at the third connector and the fourth connector. The connecting elements of the second DC-capacitor terminal pair can to be connected to corresponding contact elements of the intermediate circuit capacitor modules and the third and fourth connectors.

[0090] According to one embodiment are the first, second, third and fourth current rails and the first, second, third and fourth connectors in a plane.

[0091] According to one embodiment, pairs sections formed parallel busbars. They may be connected to each other mechanically but electrically isolated from each other, for example by a solid insulation material. The insulation can for example be molded from a plastic. The electrical conductivity and the thickness of the insulation are designed such that a voltage of more than 500V, 600V may be especially to about 4500V is applied between the bus bars.

[0092] According to an embodiment forming the first DC terminal pairs of adjacent power phase modules together with the first current rail pair is a highly inductive, low-impedance parallel connection between adjacent power phase modules, and the pair of connectors together a low-inductance high-impedance connection between adjacent intermediate circuit capacitor modules. The DC link capacitor modules are thus connected electrically in parallel in two ways.

[0093] The low-inductance high-impedance connections exist between the intermediate circuit capacitor modules. There are spatially short and direct connections compared to the highly inductive, low-impedance connections that run over the power stage modules.

[0094] According to one embodiment, the first and second cross-bridge is a part of the highly inductive, low resistance connections. In this case, a highly inductive, low resistance connection from an intermediate circuit capacitor module via a terminal of the DC capacitor terminal pair via one of the transverse bridges, via a terminal of the DC terminal pair, from the intermediate circuit capacitor module associated power phase module extends out over one of the bus bars in an adjacent power phase module, a terminal of the DC terminal pair via one of the transverse bridges, via a terminal of the DC-capacitor terminal pair in the adjacent intermediate circuit capacitor module.

[0095] A highly inductive, low-impedance parallel connection between adjacent intermediate circuit capacitor modules consists of two highly inductive, low resistance connections.

[0096] The low-inductance high-resistance compounds are formed between the intermediate circuit capacitor modules through the connector. The connector may be made of metal sheets, for example made of a steel sheet. You can be integrally extend over several intermediate circuit capacitor modules or assembled from individual sections.

[0097] A low-inductance high-resistance parallel circuit between adjacent intermediate circuit capacitor modules consists of two low-inductance high-impedance connections.

[0098] According to one embodiment, the connector in a region between two intermediate circuit capacitor modules a higher ohmic resistance than directly to the intermediate circuit capacitor modules. For example, the smaller cross-section of the conductive material, for example a metal sheet, include. A smaller cross-section can be formed by recesses in the conductive material. An increased ohmic resistance at this location resulting in that electrical energy is specifically there converted into heat. I m regular operation are thereby selectively reacted parasitic oscillation currents in the low inductance, high-resistance connections in heat and advantageously damped. If a short circuit occurs specifically in the connectors between the link capacitor modules heat and electric power is rendered harmless. Electronic components in the vicinity, such as the intermediate circuit capacitor modules are spared from high currents and heat.

[0099] According to one embodiment, the connector at least by a factor of 2, in particular at least a factor 5 higher than the I nduktivität parallel to the high-resistance, low inductance connections via the busbars and the transverse bridges. For example, the I nduktivität the low-impedance, high-induction connections between two intermediate circuit capacitor modules in the range of 100nH 300nH up and the inductance of the high-resistance, low inductance connections in the range of 10nH to 30nH. The data relate to an operating state with the corresponding flowing current of several hundred amperes.

[00100] Because the inverter and in particular the power stage module is designed for very high currents, the arrangement is a very weakly damped CLCL-ladder. By the impressed currents of the switching devices resonant currents are excited. Through these harmonic currents, the rms value of the current increases in the intermediate circuit capacitor modules.

[00101] According to one embodiment forms the modular DC link circuit includes a CLCL-ladder nduktivität with the L-member with I L of the first low resistance, highly inductive connections, or the second low resistance, highly inductive connections and the C-member with the capacitance C of the intermediate circuit capacitor module, wherein the L-member and the C member has an LC resonant circuit form and the first high-impedance, low-inductance connection or the second high-resistance, low-inductance connection additionally in parallel to the L-member of the LC resonant circuit is connected.

[00102] flow While DC and low frequency AC component by the low-impedance, high-induction agents are higher traffic AC components passed through but afflicted with less inductance with higher ohmic resistance low inductance, high-resistance connections between the intermediate circuit capacitor modules and attenuated thereby. Thus, the effective currents in the low, highly inductive connections and to the DC link capacitors decrease.

[00103] In the event of a short circuit in a power phase module is the one or more capacitors of the associated link capacitor module can empty quickly. The other capacitors surrounding

Link capacitor modules feed one on the bus bars and the connectors on the short. The connector between the intermediate circuit capacitor modules cause by their ohmic resistance, a rapid decay of the vibrations caused by the short circuit. A large part of the short-circuit energy is converted into the connectors into heat and thus rendered harmless. The other phase power modules and the intermediate circuit capacitor modules can thereby be protected from destruction.

[00104] In one embodiment, the power stage module both a first and a second DC terminal pair and both a first and a second DC capacitor terminal pair. Furthermore, the inverter on both a first and a second current rail pair and both a first and a second connector pair. The first DC terminal pair of adjacent power modules phase together with the first current rail pair is a highly inductive, low-impedance parallel connection between adjacent intermediate circuit capacitor modules, and the first connector pair forms a low-inductance high-impedance connection between adjacent phase power modules. Analog forms the second DC terminal pair of adjacent power modules phase together with the second power rail pair while a second highly inductive,

Intermediate circuit capacitor modules, and the second connector pair forms a second

low-inductance high-resistance parallel circuit between adjacent phase power modules.

[00105] This results in a symmetry, whereby current-carrying conductor, that current rails and connectors, each having a second conductor to gehörigem opposite current directions close to each other can be performed. I n this configuration, the inductance is optimized by minimizing conductor loop sizes.

[00106] According to one embodiment, it is proposed a vehicle, particularly a rail vehicle having a power converter for converting electrical energy into kinetic energy or vice versa, and a converter, wherein at least one AC terminal is connected to a power stage module to the energy converter.

[00107] With the alternating current produced by the inverter, an electric motor for example, can be driven for driving the vehicle. Also, the board can be powered with electricity. The frequency and Spa retr on or the AC outputs can be adapted to use in the vehicle.

[00108] Likewise, an energy converter as a dynamo / generator can act, for example, during a braking operation. The electrical energy is then generated by the dynamo and from mecha nical energy supplied to the inverter. This converts the alternating current into a direct current.

[00109] As the rail vehicles in particular trains, subways viewed, metros, trams, high speed trains, or the like.

characters

[00110] The accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments and together with the description, explain the principles of the invention. The elements of the drawings are relative to each other and not necessarily to scale. Like numerals designate similar parts.

[00111] Figure 1 shows a power phase module according to an embodiment.

[00112] Figure 2 shows the power stage module according to the embodiment of Figure 1, wherein a transverse bridge is removed.

[00113] Figure 3 shows the power stage module according to the embodiment of Figure 1 with attached intermediate circuit capacitor module.

[00114] Figure 4 shows a converter according to an embodiment.

[00115] Figure 5 shows a detailed view of bus bars according to an embodiment.

[00116] Figure 6 shows a schematic representation of the arrangement of the inverter.

[00117] Figure 7 shows a circuit diagram according to an embodiment.

[00118] Figure 8 shows a simplified circuit diagram according to an embodiment.

[00119] Figure 9 shows a simplified equivalent circuit diagram for a power converter with 8 phase power modules.

[00120] Figure 10 shows a rail vehicle according to one embodiment.

embodiments

[00121] I n Figure 1 is an embodiment of a power stage module 10 is illustrated. The power stage module 10 has approximately the shape of a flattened cuboid with two large sides and four small-area sides. The small-area sites can be front sides of the power phase module 10th a first DC terminal pair 14 and a second DC terminal pair 20 are arranged on an end face 12 of the power stage module 10th Furthermore, a first DC-capacitor terminal pair 15 and a second DC capacitor terminal pair 21 are arranged on the end face 12th

[00122] In another page, in this case, the opposite end face 11 of the power stage module 10 is disposed a first AC terminal. 13 A second AC terminal 22 is also disposed on the opposite end face. 11

[00123] A first switching device 16 is connected to the first DC terminal pair 14 and the first AC terminal. 13 The switching device 16 is disposed on a cooling device 17, so that the cooling device 17 can dissipate heat generated from the switching device 16 and from the power stage module 10th

[00124] The power stage module 10 further includes a second switching device 23, the first to the DC terminal pair is connected to a second AC terminal 14 22nd It is disposed adjacent to the first switching device 16 on the cooling device 17th The two switching devices 16, 23 are arranged in a plane perpendicular to the end face.

[00125] The DC-capacitor terminal pairs 15, 21 are side by side and arranged between the two DC terminal pairs 14, 20th The DC-capacitor terminal pairs 15, 21 and the DC terminal pairs 14, 20 are arranged in a plane and in a row.

[00126] The DC-capacitor terminal pairs 15, 21 and the DC terminal pairs 14, 20 each have a first port 14a, 15a, 20a, 21a and second terminals 14b, 15b, 20b, 21b. Connecting elements are arranged in or at the terminals. The first terminals 14a, 15a, 20a, 21a are connected to each other through a first transverse bridge 18th The second terminals 14b, 15b, 20b, 21b are connected to each other through a second transverse bridge 19th Details of the second cross bridge 19 are hidden in FIG. 1 These are illustrated in Figure 2, which shows an embodiment of the power stage module 10 is shown in which no second cross bridge 19th

[00127] The first terminals 14a, 15a, 20a, 21a are integrally formed with the first transverse bridge 18th The first cross-bridge 18 has a metal sheet. Angled portions of the metal sheets forming the first terminals 14a, 15a, 20a, 21a for connection to bus bars. The connecting elements are designed as boreholes for example, a screw connection. The first terminals 14a, 15a, 20a, 21a may also be composed of several parts that multiple pieces. Analogous but not necessarily identical in one embodiment, for the second cross bridge 19 and the second terminals 14b 15b 20b 21b applies,,,. The first cross bridge 18 and the second transverse bridge 19 may be designed differently and differ, for example, by a one-piece, by different materials or coatings.

[00128] The first transverse bridge 18 connects the first port 14a of the first DC terminal pair 14 with the first switching device 16. The second transverse bridge 19 connects the second port 14b of the first DC terminal pair 14 with the first switching device 16. Thereby, flowing of the direct current from the first DC terminal pair 14 via the cross-bridges 18, 19 in the switching device 16 and is converted there. The

Alternating current generated can be tapped at the first AC connection. 13 Conversely, an alternating current can be converted into a direct current.

[00129] The first and second cross bridge 18, 19 extend immediately adjacent and parallel sections. They are spatially na h to each other and electrically isolated voneina Direction and designed for high voltages of more than 500V, in particular Spa retr between about 600V and 4500V, and high currents exceeding 100 A, in particular for currents from 100A to 1000A. For example, the current in a dual switch module at 500A and at a single switch module at 800A may be. By a maximum power in an operational state, the applied voltage can limit the current flow.

[00130] A cross-bridge 18, 19 in this embodiment has a large-area sheet metal region and at least two angled portions thereof. About the

Transverse bridges 18, 19 flows in an operating state, a large current of several hundred amperes. The material and the thickness of the cross-bridges 18, 19 must therefore be adjusted according to this current load.

[00131] The large sheet metal area of ​​the cross-bridges 18, 19 may in

Substantially parallel to the large sides of the power stage module. The

Transverse bridges 18, 19 can therefore transversely, ie substantially perpendicular, be disposed to the course of the connected busbars.

[00132] For example, the power stage module, the cooling device 17 on or along one of the large sides to be arranged or if the latter. The switching device 16 may be disposed on the cooling device 17th The cooling device 17 may be on one side of the switching device 16 and the cross-bridges 18, 19 a may be arranged to uf an opposite side of the switching device sixteenth

[00133] The switching devices 16, 23 have in this embodiment a dual-switching module, and are therefore with both the first transverse bridge 18 and connected to the second transverse bridge 19th Dual switching modules are electrically constructed as full-wave rectifier and can both potentials of the two transverse bridges 18, 19 convert the AC phase.

[00134] I n an operating state can each switching device 16, 23 independently of one another by a controller 24, in particular a gate control, as a two-way

Rectifiers are operated and an alternating current at each AC terminal 13, generate 22nd The switching devices have in particular controllable semiconductor elements. These may be electrodes gate semiconductor devices having controllable. The controller 24 then controls the gate voltages at the gate electrodes and thereby the current flow through the semiconductor elements, and the switching device 16, 23. I nsbesondere the semiconductor elements may be IGBTs and the controller includes the gate control 24 of the gates of the IGBTs.

[00135] The controller 24 may, according to an embodiment, be arranged on an opposite to the pairs of terminals of the power stage module end face, which can also be referred to as a second or rear end side.

[00136] According to one embodiment, the controller 24 mechanically from the cooling device 17 or the switching devices 16, 23 or both are supported.

[00137] The power stage module 10 in Figure 1 has two DC capacitor terminal pairs 15, 21 on. Here, the terminals 15a, 15b, 21a, 21b arranged in a row that, 21b are in an operating state, the two second terminals 15b at a potential and are enclosed from the outside of the first terminals 15a, 21a at a different potential. The result is a mirror symmetry of the connections and the potentials. I n this embodiment, receive the terminals of the two DC terminal pairs 14, 20 the mirror symmetry as well. The first terminals 14a, 15a, 20a, 21a and second terminals 14b, 15b, 20b, 21b of the respective pair may be reversed also in each case with the corresponding connector. The mirror symmetry is maintained. The symmetry has the advantage is that the I mpedanz at the terminals for both current directions are each identical or nearly identical. Thus, a more uniform current flow is possible.

[00138] The DC terminals 14a, 15a, 20a, 21a, 14b, 15b, 20b, 21b may, for mechanical fastening for connection to bus bars or to an intermediate circuit capacitor module connection elements for electrically connecting and / or fastening means. I n this embodiment are provided for introducing a corresponding contact element and / or a fastener holes.

[00139] The connecting elements of the DC capacitor terminals 21, 15 can otherwise be configured as the connecting elements of the DC terminal pairs 14, 20th For example, hole sizes may vary or there may be different fasteners are used completely. The distance of the first port 14a, 15a, 20a, 21a to the second port 14b, 15b, 20b, 21b can at the one or more DC-capacitor terminal pairs 15, 21 also be of different size than the or the DC terminal pairs 14, 20 . the DC-capacitor terminal pairs 15, 21 are to connectors and the intermediate circuit capacitor module and the DC terminal pairs 14, 20 connected to bus bars.

[00140] The power stage module 10 know to a gate controller 24 in FIG. 1 The gate control 24 is connected to the switching devices 16, 23rd It controls the switching devices 16, 23 in such a way that a DC voltage present at the switching device 16 is converted into an AC voltage, or vice versa 23rd The switching device may, in particular, IGBTs with a controllable gate have.

[00141] The gate controller 24 specifies a frequency in which the switching devices 16, 23 are controlled so that an alternating voltage with the frequency corresponding to the respective AC outputs 13, is generated 22nd The frequencies and / or the voltage waveform of the AC outputs can be different. I nsbesondere the AC voltages can be coordinated so that different phase inputs of an electric motor with different AC outputs 13, can be fed 22nd

[00142] The cooling device 17 may have hydraulic connections for leading coolant into and out of the cooling device 17th The hydraulic connections are advantageously arranged at the end face 12, so that when a connection by a pushing of the power stage module 10 to the pairs of busbars and the intermediate circuit capacitor module also the cooling device is connected with its hydraulic connections to a coolant management system.

[00143] Figure 2 shows the embodiment of Figure 10 shows the power stage module of Figure 1 without the second cross bridge 19 and the first terminals 14b, 15b, 20b, 21b, the DC capacitor terminal pairs 15 ', 21' and the DC terminal pairs 14 ', 20 '.

[00144] I n Figure 1 face the second cross bridge 19, that the switching device 16 is connected to the first transverse bridge 18th Likewise, the switching device 16 is connected to its corresponding AC connection. 13

[00145] Figure 3 shows a power stage module 10 with attached intermediate circuit capacitor module 30. The DC link capacitor module 30 has four ports and is therefore connected to both the first DC-capacitor terminal pair 15 thus also to the second DC-capacitor terminal pair 21st

[00146] The switching devices 16, 23 are in this embodiment with two contact points with the cross-bridges 18, contacted 19th Each switching device is constructed as a dual switch module and comprises two half-bridges, with each half-bridge is contacted with a contact point with the transverse bridges.

[00147] The intermediate circuit capacitor module 30 includes at least one capacitor, which is useful as an intermediate circuit capacitor. The cross bridges 18, 19 are together with the capacitor of the intermediate circuit capacitor module 30 portion of the intermediate circuit in an operating state of the power module 10 and phase of the inverter. Here, the intermediate circuit capacitor portion of the commutation circuit, so the circuit, changes in which during a switching operation of the switching device 16, 23 of the current. The intermediate circuit capacitor of the intermediate circuit capacitor module 30 since her called commutation.

[00148] The electrical connection between the switching devices 16, 23 and the intermediate circuit capacitor module 30 is low inductance. This is achieved by the compact design of the power phase module 10th The intermediate circuit capacitor module 30 is physically close to and thus low inductance connected to the switching devices 16, 23rd In addition, the cross-bridges 18, 19 to each other or arranged one above the other are na h. Characterized the current paths overlap each other in the cross-bridges 18, 19 between the switching device 16, 23, the intermediate circuit capacitor module 30 and DC terminal pairs 14, 20 optimally and the inductance of the power stage module 10 is decreased.

[00149] Figure 4 shows a converter according to an embodiment with two power phase modules 10, 10 *. For the sake of clarity, only two power stage modules 10, represented 10 *. There may be other

Phase power modules are arranged according to the orientation of the two shown next to the other. The power phase modules 10, 10 * are juxtaposed so that their end faces pointing in the same direction.

[00150] The DC terminal pairs are connected to pairs of busbars 31, 32 which extend beyond the ends of the power phase modules 10, 10 *. The pairs of busbars 31, 32 have a first bus bar 31a, a second bus bar 31b, a third bus bar 32a, and a fourth bus bar 32a. A detailed view of a pair of busbars 32 is shown in FIG. 5

[00151] Each power stage module 10, 10 * is an intermediate circuit capacitor module 30, assigned * 30 and each power phase module 10, 10 * is-capacitor terminal pairs DC with the associated intermediate circuit capacitor module 30, 30 * connected at its. I n the representation of Figure 4 is not visible 30 *, the second intermediate-circuit capacitor module, as it is located behind the power phase module 10 * on the end face. The connection is electrically and mechanically via connecting elements. The connecting elements with the corresponding contact elements are holes or nuts and bolts.

[00152] The pairs of busbars 31, 32 are substantially parallel zueinande r and so spaced from each other in that the intermediate circuit capacitor module 30 can be placed between the conductor rail pairs 31, 32nd The terminals of the pairs of busbars 31, 32 and the terminals of the intermediate circuit capacitor module 30 are then arranged in a plane and in a row, so that the output phase module are pushed with its end face forward in this plane and can be connected.

[00153] The inverter has pairs of connectors 33, 34th The first connector 33a, second connector 33b, the third connector 34a, and the fourth connector 34b connecting the intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30 with each other electrically. Depending on the number of terminals of the intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30 or the number of DC-capacitor terminal pairs of the power phase modules 10, 10 *, the number of the connectors 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b vary. Advantageously, the number of connectors 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b identical with the number of terminals of the DC capacitor terminal pairs,

can be so that all terminals are connected. The connectors 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b connect the intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30 so that they are connected in parallel.

[00154] In the case of a converter with connectors 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b are in accordance with an embodiment, both the intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30, 30 * ltet gescha parallel and the switching devices 16, 16 * in the power phase modules 10, 10 *. In addition to the parallel circuit by the connector 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b, the switching devices 16, 16 * and the DC link capacitor modules 30, 30 * by the current rails 31a, 31b, 32a, 32b and the cross-bridges 18, 19, 18 *, 19 * connected in parallel. This second parallel saddle ltung has a higher I nduktivität and a low ohmic resistance than those of the connectors 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b. Electrically, the intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30, 30 * da forth across one hand, two low-inductance, high-resistance connections and on the other hand, via two high-induction,

[00155] In one embodiment, the material of the connector 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b, a larger specific resistance than the material of the bus bars 31a, 31b, 32a, 32b. For example, the connectors 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b is substantially formed from a steel, and the bus bars 31a, 31b, 32a, 32b are substantially formed from copper or aluminum.

[00156] The connectors 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b are, for example, formed from a metal sheet. It may partially be composed so that when an expansion of an intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30, 30 *, the connectors 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b must be usgebaut only at the junctions with the intermediate circuit capacitor module 30, 30 * a.

[00157] Figure 5 shows a detailed view of a pair of busbars 32 with a first bus bar 32a and a second bus bar 32b. The bus bars are mechanically connected to each other by an insulation 35 and electrically isolated voneina Direction. The insulation may be made of a solid material, for example from a plastic.

[00158] busbars may have to be attached to the connecting element of a DC terminal pair has a corresponding contact element 36th In this

Embodiment, the corresponding contact element, a pin with or without thread for fastening of for example a M utter or a clamp on a DC terminal pair 14, 20th

[00159] Figure 6 shows a simplified schematic representation of the development of a modular inverter. For clarity, only the two power stage modules 10, drawn 10 *. Each power stage module 10, 10 * has a switching device 16, 16 * and a cooling device 17, 17 * on. AC connections or control devices are not shown in this illustration.

[00160] According to one embodiment, the power module comprises at least to a phase controller 24 for controlling the switching device 16, 23rd The control system is advantageously arranged at the other end face. 11 I nsbesondere the controller may be a gate controller 24, and controlling the switching device 16, be embodied 23 through gates into the semiconductor components.

[00161] The performance of phase modules 10, 10 * are in pairs of busbars 31 connected 32nd Between the current rail pairs 31, 32 are intermediate circuit capacitor modules (30), arranged 30 *. Each power phase module 10, 10 * is an intermediate circuit capacitor module (30), 30 * associated with but in this illustration is only one of the two intermediate circuit capacitor modules (30) 30 * erkennba r. Another intermediate circuit capacitor module 30 ** is arranged so that another power phase module with the same orientation of the other two power phase modules 10, 10 could be placed above it *.

[00162] The intermediate circuit capacitor modules are connected in parallel via connectors 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b. In addition, the intermediate circuit capacitor modules over the cross-bridges 18, 19, 18 *, 19 * and the current rail pairs 31, connected in parallel 32nd

[00163] Figure 7 shows an embodiment of the modular intermediate circuit circuit. It outlined three intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30th The switching devices 16 are connected in parallel to a respective intermediate circuit capacitor module 30th For clarity, only one of the switching devices 16 and only one of the intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30 is provided with reference numerals. The three switching devices 16 shown and the three intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30 are identical in this embodiment. The

Intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30 each have a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminals of each two directly consecutive in the chain link capacitor modules 30 via a first low-impedance, high-induction connection VL1 and a first high-impedance, low-inductance connection Vrl are connected, the second terminals of two in the chain immediately successive intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30 are connected via a second low-resistance, high inductive connection VL2 and a second high-impedance, low-inductance connection VR2, respectively, the first high-impedance, low-inductance connection VRL is connected in parallel to the second high-impedance, low-inductance connection VR2 and the first low-impedance, VL1 highly inductive connection to the second low-parallel,highly inductive connection VL2 is connected.

[00164] Through the first low-impedance, high-induction connection VL1 and the second low-impedance, high-induction VL2 connecting the two respective immediately successive in the chain link capacitor modules 30, and low impedance highly inductive in parallel. In addition, by the first high-impedance, low-inductance connection VRL, the second high-resistance, low-inductance connection and have a high impedance and low inductance connected in parallel VR2, the two respective immediately successive in the chain link capacitor modules 30th

[00165] The impedances of the first low resistance, highly inductive connection VL1 and the second low resistance, highly inductive connection VL2 are identical and the impedances of the first high-impedance, low-inductance connection VRL and the second high-impedance, low-inductance connection VR2 are identical. therefore, the modular DC link circuit has a symmetry which allows a symmetrical current flow in both current directions.

[00166] The intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30 have in the embodiment of Figure 7 respectively on an intermediate circuit capacitor. The capacitors shown in the thus each forming an intermediate circuit capacitor module 30. Each intermediate circuit capacitor has a first terminal and a second terminal and the first terminal and the second terminal of the intermediate circuit capacitor also forms the first terminal and the second terminal of the intermediate circuit capacitor module. Alternatively, several buffer capacitors to form the intermediate circuit capacitor module 30th

[00167] This can be implemented, the low-resistance, high-induction compounds VL1, VL2 for example by parallel bus bars 30a, 30b and transverse bridges 18. I n one operating condition is a DC voltage U DC between the upper bus bar 30a and the lower bus bar 30b a n. This DC voltage U DC feeds the switching devices 16, which generate by a control device, an alternating voltage. The associated DC link capacitors in the intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30 serve as electric latches and buffers. Between the first terminal and the second terminal of the intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30 is a voltage U ^ con. The circuit of the intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30 is parallel and in one chain to the applied between the first terminal and the second terminal of the intermediate circuit capacitor module 30 DC voltage U ^ c .

[00168] The low impedance, high-induction compounds VL1, VL2 are shown by dotted lines and each contains three inductances and ohmic resistance. The high-resistance, low inductance connections VR1, VR2 are shown crossed lines and each containing an I nduktivität and an ohmic resistance. The ohmic resistance in the high-resistance, low inductance connections VR1, VR2 is in each case greater than the ohmic resistance in the low resistance, highly inductive connections VL1, VL2.

[00169] The drawn I nduktivitäten and the ohmic resistances in the Figure 7 are substantially determined by the sizes of the conductor loops, the conductivity of the conductor and the cross-section of the conductor. Since the inverter is designed as a power converter with high currents, the conductor must be adapted accordingly. For example, the conductors forming the low-resistance, high-induction compounds VL1, VL2, a material having high conductivity, in particular copper or aluminum, and the conductors forming the high-resistance, low inductance connections VR1, VR2, have a material of lower conductivity, in particular steel on.

[00170] Figure 8 shows a simplified diagram of the circuit of Figure 7. The ohmic resistances of the low resistance, highly inductive connections VL1, VL2 and the I nduktivitäten the high-resistance, low inductance connections VR1, VR2 are no longer located. I n practice, Head possible without ohmic resistance or without I nduktivität not, per se. The circuit is therefore to be understood by those skilled in such a way that the conductors are awarded either through their inductive properties or their ohmic properties essentially.

[00171] Since the DC link circuit for very high currents is adapted to the arrangement without the high-resistance, low inductance connections VR1, VR2 constitute a very weakly damped LC ladder would. I n the view in FIG 8 is the modular DC link circuit includes an LC ladder with an additional R-element parallel to the L-member. Here, the I nduktivität the high-resistance, low inductance connections VR1, VR2, as well as the ohmic resistance of the low resistance, highly inductive connections VL1, VL2 neglected. The L-member is L nduktivität by the I of the first low resistance, highly inductive connections VL1 and the second low resistance, highly inductive connections VL2 and the C element by the capacitance C of the intermediate circuit capacitor module 30 is formed, wherein the L-member and the C member has an LC resonant circuit form and the R-member is additionally connected in parallel to the L-member. The R-link by the first high-impedance, low-inductance connection VR1 and the second high-resistance, low-inductance connection VR2 formed. Therefore, the ohmic resistance of the high resistance, low inductance connections VR1, VR2 connected such that it damps the oscillation of the LC resonant circuit.

[00172] In addition to the DC voltage U DC and DC voltage U ^ c are generated parasitic AC components through the switching device and the LC resonant circuit in the system. These AC components reduce the efficiency of the inverter and to be damped. For optimum damping of the LC resonant circuit of the ohmic resistance of the first high-resistance, low inductance connections VR1 and the second high-resistance, low inductance connections VR2 in the range from 0.1 · R is opt to 10 · R opt and R opt = ^ L / C with I L of the low nduktivität, highly inductive connections VL1, VL2 and the capacitance C of the intermediate circuit capacitor module 30th

[00173] The modular DC link circuit of Figures 7 and 8 may be extended in parallel and in a chain with the other intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30 with appropriate switching to another intermediate circuit capacitor modules. I can nsbesondere a modular DC link circuit, for example 1 to 6 or 1 to 8 have intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30th All intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30 within the chain are identical connected to its neighboring intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30 with each other. are excluded

the two intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30, as they have only one immediate neighbor on the edges of the chain.

[00174] I n Figure 8, the part of the circuit is located, which corresponds to a power stage module 10th Here, the switching device 16 and a part of the low-impedance, high-induction compounds VL1, VL2, namely the cross-bridges 18, part of the power stage module 10. The high-resistance, low inductance connections VR1, VR2 are not part of the power stage module. The power stage module 10 is also the bus bars 30a fitted 30b, thus forming the low-resistance, high-induction compounds VL1, VL2 with these and disposed in the power phase module 10 transverse bridges 18. The modular DC link circuit is thereby generated in this embodiment only to the power phase module 10th

[00175] Figure 9 shows an embodiment of the modular intermediate circuit circuit. There are shown eight modules. To overview no switching devices are located. These are each switchable in parallel with the intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30th All intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30 are connected in parallel and a chain. They have four ports. For a better overview numerals are still only drawn once. Each module of the DC link circuit includes identical components.

[00176] In analogy to the figure 8 are not shown in the figure 9 ohmic resistances of the low resistance, highly inductive connections VL1, VL2, VL3, VL4, and I nduktivitäten the high-resistance, low inductance connections VR1, VR2, VR3, VR4.

[00177] I n the embodiment of Figure 9, each intermediate circuit capacitor module 30, two intermediate circuit capacitors. The intermediate circuit capacitors are connected between a first terminal and a second terminal, and between a third terminal and a fourth terminal of the intermediate circuit capacitor module 30th The second and the third terminal at the same potential and the first and the fourth terminal are at the same potential. Between the first and the second terminal, and between the third and the fourth terminal is in an operational state a direct current voltage U ^ c to. In contrast to this DC voltage, the two intermediate circuit capacitors connected in parallel.

[00178] The four terminals of the intermediate circuit capacitor modules are each connected via one of the low resistance, highly inductive connections VL1, VL2, VL3, VL4, and the high-resistance, low inductance connections VRL, VR2, VR3, VR4. Here, the first high-impedance, low-inductance connection Vrl are connected in parallel to the second high-impedance, low-inductance connection VR2, the first low-impedance, high-induction connection VL1 connected in parallel with the second low resistance, highly inductive connection VL2, the third high-resistance, low inductance connections VR3 parallel to the fourth high-impedance switched, low-inductance compounds VR4, and the third low resistance, highly inductive connections VL3 connected in parallel to the fourth low-impedance, high-induction compounds VL4.

[00179] I are nsbesondere the low four highly inductive connections VL1, VL2, VL3, VL4 separately from each other and substantially, namely by means of the components which dominate its electrical properties, disjoint from each other. Likewise, however, can similarly independent of the high-resistance, low inductance connections VRL, VR2, VR3, VR4 VL4 be separate from each other and substantially, namely, disjoint from each other on the basis of components which dominate its electrical properties.

[00180] A DC voltage U DC is situated respectively at between one of the bus bars 31a, 31b of the first pair of busbars 31 and one of the bus bars 32a, 32b of the second pair of busbars 32nd The DC voltage U DC fed into an operating state in which the modular DC link circuit is used in a converter for generating an AC voltage not shown switching devices. At an AC output of the switching device, an AC voltage can be tapped. I n another operating state, the converter circuit may also be reversed generate a DC voltage from an AC voltage.

[00181] The modular DC link circuit in Figure 9 is constructed so as another current-carrying conductor that is arranged spatially adjacent to each current-carrying conductor, the current direction opposite to the first conductor. Thus, the size is minimized by conductor loops and I nduktivität reduced. The converter circuit can therefore be implemented just as geometrically in a converter. The part of the circuit of an inverter would correspond to a power stage module 10 is, as outlined in Figure 9, wherein the switching device is not shown.

[00182] Figure 10 shows a rail vehicle 100 according to an embodiment of an energy converter for converting electrical energy into kinetic energy or vice versa, and a converter, wherein at least one AC terminal is connected to a power stage module to the energy converter. With the alternating current generated by the converter, the electric motor may for example be driven for driving the vehicle. Also, the board can be powered with electricity. The frequency and voltage on the AC or the outputs can be adapted to the use in the vehicle.

[00183] The embodiments described above may be combined, for example, the intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30 of the figures 7 and 8 have also a plurality of intermediate circuit capacitors.

have been [00184] Although specific embodiments herein shown and described, it is within the scope of the present invention, suitable to modify the shown embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. The following claims are a first, not binding attempt to define the invention in general.

Claims

1. A power phase module (10) for a modular inverter, comprising:

- at least a first DC terminal pair (14) having respective

Connecting elements at one end face (12) of the power stage module (10) for connection to a current pair of rails,

- a spaced first DC terminal pair (14) and first to this parallel-connected DC-capacitor terminal pair (15) with respective connecting elements on the end face (12) for connection to a the power stage module (10) associated with the intermediate circuit capacitor module (30),

- a first AC terminal (13) on another side (11) of the

Phase power module (10),

- a switching device (16) connected to the first AC terminal (13) and the first DC terminal pair (14) for converting an in an operational state to the first DC terminal pair (14) applied DC voltage into the first AC terminal (13 ) generated AC voltage or vice versa,

- a cooling device (17) for removing heat from the

Phase power module (10), in particular of the switching device (16).

2. The power stage module according to claim 1, wherein the first DC terminal pair (14) and the first DC-capacitor terminal pair (15) of are formed by cross-bridges (18, 19) angled sheet metal portions and arranged this metal sheet areas substantially in a plane, wherein the respective

Connecting elements of the first DC terminal pair (14) and the first DC capacitor terminal pair (15) at or in the angled

Sheet metal areas are formed.

3. Performance phase module according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: - a second DC-capacitor terminal pair (21) each spaced apart on the end side of the power stage module to the first DC terminal pair (14) and the first DC capacitor terminal pair and is connected in parallel.

4. Performance phase module according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising:

- a second DC terminal pair (20) attached to the end face of

is arranged in each phase module spaced power to the first DC terminal pair (14) and the first DC capacitor terminal pair and in parallel.

5. Performance phase module according to claim 4, wherein the first DC-capacitor terminal pair (15) or the first and the second DC-capacitor terminal pair (15, 21) between the first DC terminal pair (14) and the second DC terminal pair ( 20) are arranged in a row.

6. phase power module according to one of the preceding claims, wherein for releasably the first or the first and second DC-capacitor terminal pair (21)

Connect are formed with corresponding contact elements of a placeable on the front side intermediate circuit capacitor module.

7. Performance phase module according to any preceding claim, wherein the

Contact elements of the intermediate circuit capacitor module are arranged only on one surface of the intermediate circuit capacitor module, which surface faces the end face of the power phase module directly.

8. Performance phase module according to any preceding claim, wherein the

Connecting elements of the first and / or the second DC-capacitor terminal pair (15, 21) have mutually a different distance than the connecting elements of the first and / or the second DC terminal pair (14, 20).

9. phase power module according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first DC terminal pair (14), the first DC-capacitor terminal pair (15) and the

Switching means (16) each comprising a first and a second terminal, and wherein the power phase module further comprises:

- a first transverse bridge (18) connecting the first terminals of the first DC terminal pair (14) of the first DC-capacitor terminal pair (15) and the switching device (16) electrically,

- a second transverse bridge (19) connecting the second terminals of the first DC terminal pair (14) of the first DC-capacitor terminal pair (15) and the switching device (16) electrically.

10. power phase module according to claim 9, wherein the first transverse bridge (18) and the second transverse bridge (19) to stand side by side and in sections parallel to each other without electrically in direct contact directly.

11. power phase module according to any preceding claim, wherein the

Power phase module a total mass of less than 50 kg, in particular less than 30 kg, has.

12. Drive with at least two, in particular at least three,

Power phase modules according to one of the preceding claims and at least two, in particular at least three, intermediate circuit capacitor modules (30), wherein each power stage module is arranged with its end face on a mapped him intermediate circuit capacitor module (30), and wherein the first and / or the second DC-capacitor terminal pair (15, 21) of each phase power module with corresponding contact elements of the associated

Intermediate circuit capacitor module are detachably connected (30).

13. Converter according to claim 12, further comprising:

- a current pair of rails (31) having a first current rail (31a) and a

parallel to the first busbar extending second bus bar (31b) for guiding a direct current,

wherein the first busbar (31a) and the second bus bar (31b) lie substantially in one plane and the output stage modules are arranged with their end faces adjacent to one another and parallel to this plane, and wherein the first DC terminal pair (14) of each power phase module via its connection elements to the first busbar (31a) and to the second

is connected busbar (31b).

14. Converter according to claim 12 or 13, further comprising:

- a pair of connectors (33) having a first connector (33a) and a second connector (33b)

wherein the first connector (33a) and the second connector (32a) lie substantially in one plane and the output stage modules are arranged with their end faces adjacent to one another and parallel to this plane, and wherein the first DC-capacitor terminal pair (15) of each power phase Modules over its connecting elements is connected to the first connector (33a) and the second connector (32a).

15. Converter according to claim 14, wherein the first DC terminal pairs (15) of adjacent power modules phase together with the first bus bar pair (31) has a highly inductive, low-impedance parallel connection between adjacent

Intermediate circuit capacitor modules (30) form, and wherein a pair of connectors (33) adjacent a low-inductance high-resistance parallel circuit between

forming intermediate circuit capacitor modules (30).

16. Vehicle, in particular rail vehicle, comprising a power converter for

Converting electrical energy into kinetic energy and vice versa and a converter according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein at least one AC terminal of a power phase module is connected to the energy converter.