TITLE OF THE INVENTION
POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM AND CHARGING-DISCHARGING POWER
CONDITIONER
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a power supply system configured to
switch its operation between a grid connecting operation connected to a power
grid and a grid independent operation, and also relates to a
charging-discharging power conditioner therefor.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] There has been proposed a power supply system that includes a power
conditioner including a power converter configured to convert DC power of a
power generator such as a solar battery into AC power. The conventional
power supply system can supply electric power to a load(s) from not only a
power grid of a commercial power supply, but also the power conditioner (for
example, see JP9-135577A; hereinafter, referred to as "Patent Document 1").
The system (dispersed power supply system) described in Patent Document 1
can switch its operation between a grid connecting operation in which the
power conditioner coordinates with the power grid and a grid independent
operation in which the power conditioner is disconnected from the power grid.
[0003] In the grid connecting operation, the power conditioner carries out
conversion of output power of the solar battery into AC power by the power
converter (an inverter), and supplies the AC power to a load(s) (grid-connected
load). When the power conditioner cannot supply all the power required by
the load in this operation, the shortfall-power can be compensated by the power
grid of a commercial power supply. In a case of power outage or the like, the
power conditioner is disconnected from the power grid to be switched into the
grid independent operation, and to thereby carry out conversion of the
generated power of the solar battery into AC power by the power converter, and
supplies the AC power to a load(s) (grid-independent load).
[0004] Incidentally, power conditioners generally have a preset maximum
output power (e.g., 1.5 kVA) for the grid independent operation. Therefore, a
load (grid-independent load) which can be powered by the power conditioner
under the grid independent operation should be restricted so that power
consumption of the load is equal to or less than the maximum output power of
the power conditioner. This limits freedom of choice of loads. In addition,
even in a case where power consumption of a load is equal to or less than a
maximum output power of a power conditioner, there is a possibility that
generating power of the solar battery may be lowered less than the power
consumption of the load (the generating power c the power consumption) owing
to decreased solar radiation, which causes the power conditioner to stop
outputting electric power.
SUMMAR,Y OF INVENTION
[0005] The present invention has been achieved in view of the above
circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a power supply system and a
charging-discharging power conditioner which can continue supplying electric
power to a load(s), even when the generating power of the solar battery is less
than the power consumption of the load in a grid independent operation.
[0006] A power supply system according to the invention includes a generator
power conditioner and a charging-discharging power conditioner. The
generator power conditioner is configured to switch between a grid connecting
operation and a grid independent operation. The generator power conditioner
is configured to carry out power conversion of a solar battery and to coordinate
with a power grid in the grid connecting operation. The generator power
conditioner is configured to be disconnected from the power grid in the grid
independent operation. The charging-discharging power conditioner is
connected to a grid-independent feed line to which the generator power
conditioner supplies electric power in the grid independent operation. The
charging-discharging power conditioner includes: a charge-discharge circuit
configured to charge and discharge a storage battery; a voltage sensor
configured to sense a voltage of the grid-independent feed line; and a controller
configured to control the charge-discharge circuit so as to maintain the sensed
voltage by the voltage sensor at a predetermined target value in the grid
independent operation. The controller is configured to control the
charge-discharge circuit to: charge the storage battery by electric power
supplied through the grid-independent feed line when the sensed voltage is
greater than the target value; and supply electric power from the storage
battery to the grid-independent feed line when the sensed voltage is smaller
than the target value.
[0007] In other words, a power supply system according to the invention
includes a feed line, a generator power conditioner, and a charging-discharging
power conditioner. The feed line includes a grid-connected feed line connected
to a power grid, and a grid-independent feed line disconnected from the power
grid. The generator power conditioner is configured to switch between a grid
connecting operation and a grid independent operation, where the generator
power conditioner is configured to carry out power conversion of a solar battery
to supply the converted power to the grid-connected feed line in the grid
connecting operation, and the generator power conditioner is configured to be
connected to the grid-independent feed line and also disconnected from the
power grid in the grid independent operation. The charging-discharging
power conditioner is connected to the grid-independent feed line. The
charging-discharging power conditioner includes a charge-discharge circuit
configured to charge and discharge a storage battery, a voltage sensor
configured to sense a voltage of the grid-independent feed line, and a controller
configured to control the charge-discharge circuit so as to maintain the sensed
voltage by the voltage sensor at a predetermined target value in the grid
independent operation. The controller is configured to control the
charge-discharge circuit to: charge the storage battery by electric power
supplied through the grid-independent feed line when the sensed voltage is
greater than the target value; and supply electric power from the storage
battery to the grid-independent feed line when the sensed voltage is smaller
than the target value.
[0008] In the power supply system, preferably, the generator power
conditioner is configured to perform, in the grid independent operation, a
maximum power point tracking control for maximizing output power of the
3
solar battery.
[0009] In the power supply system, preferably, the generator power
conditioner is configured to perform, in the grid independent operation, a
constant voltage control for maintaining an output voltage thereof to the
grid-independent feed line at a first target value. The charging-discharging
power conditioner is configured to control the charge-discharge circuit so as to
maintain the sensed voltage by the voltage sensor at the target value, named
as a second target value. The second target value is set smaller than the first
target value.
[0010] In the power supply system, preferably, the target value has a
predetermined range. The controller is configured to control the
charge-discharge circuit to: charge the storage battery by electric power
supplied through the grid-independent feed line when the sensed voltage is
greater than an upper limit of the target value; supply electric power fiom the
storage battery to the grid-independent feed line when the sensed voltage is
smaller than a lower limit of the target value; and cause the charge-discharge
circuit to stop when the sensed voltage is within the upper limit and the lower
limit of the target value.
to01 11 In the power supply system, preferably, the charging-discharging power
conditioner is configured to stop the generator power conditioner outputting
electric power to the grid-independent feed line when a remaining battery level
of the storage battery is a predetermined upper limit value or more in the grid
independent operation.
[0012] In the power supply system, preferably, the charging-discharging power
conditioner further includes a selector configured to switch the target value
between a first setting value and a second setting value.
[00131 In the power supply system, preferably, the selector is configured to
automatically switch the target value between the first setting value and the
second setting value in accordance with output from the generator power
conditioner to the grid-independent feed line when the grid independent
operation is started.
[0014] A charging-discharging power conditioner of the invention is adapted to
be connected to a grid-independent feed line. The grid-independent feed line
4
is configured to be connected to a generator power conditioner configured to
switch between a grid connecting operation in which the generator power
conditioner carries out power conversion of a solar battery and to coordinate
with a power grid and a grid independent operation in which the generator
power conditioner is to be disconnected from the power grid. The
grid-independent feed line serves as a power supply line for the generator
power conditioner in the grid independent operation. The
charging-discharging power conditioner includes: a charge-discharge circuit
configured to charge and discharge a storage battery; a voltage sensor
configured to sense a voltage of the grid-independent feed line; and a controller
configured to control the charge-discharge circuit so as to maintain the sensed
voltage by the voltage sensor at a predetermined target value in the grid
independent operation. The controller is configured to control the
charge-discharge circuit to: charge the storage battery by electric power
supplied through the grid-independent feed line when the sensed voltage is
greater than the target value; and supply electric power from the storage
battery to the grid-independent feed line when the sensed voltage is smaller
than the target value.
[0015] In other words, a charging-discharging power conditioner of the
invention is configured to operate in the power supply system of the invention,
and is connected to a grid-independent feed line. The grid-independent feed
line is included in a feed line to which a generator power conditioner is
connected so that the generator power conditioner is configured to switch
between a grid connecting operation in whch the generator power conditioner
carries out power conversion of a solar battery and to coordinate with a power
grid and a grid independent operation in which the generator power
conditioner is to be disconnected from the power grid, and serves as a power
supply line for the generator power conditioner in the grid independent
operation. The charging-discharging power conditioner includes a
charge-discharge circuit configured to charge and discharge a storage battery
connected to the charging-discharging power conditioner, a voltage sensor
configured to sense a voltage of the grid-independent feed line, and a controller
configured to control the charge-discharge circuit so as to maintain the sensed
5
voltage by the voltage sensor at a predetermined target value in the grid
independent operation. The controller is configured to control the
charge-discharge circuit to: charge the storage battery by electric power
supplied through the grid-independent feed line when the sensed voltage is
greater than the target value; and supply electric power from the storage
battery to the grid-independent feed line when the sensed voltage is smaller
than the target value.
[00161 Preferably, the charging-discharging power conditioner further includes
a selector configured to switch the target value between a first setting value
and a second setting value. The selector is configured to automatically switch
the target value between the first setting value and the second setting value in
accordance with an output from the generator power conditioner to the
grid-independent feed line when the grid independent operation is started.
[00171 The present invention can continue supplying electric power to a
load(s), even when the generating power of the solar battery is less than the
power consumption of the load in the grid independent operation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0018] FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a power supply
system according to a first embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a block hagram showing a configuration of the power supply
system according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a property of a solar battery in the
power supply system according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a block hagram showing a configuration of a power supply
system according to a second embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a power supply
system according to a third embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the power supply
system according to the third embodiment; and
FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a power supply
system according to a fourth embohment.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[00 191 (First Embodiment)
As shown in FIG. 2, a power supply system 1 according to the present
embodiment includes a solar battery 2, a generator power conditioner (a power
conditioner for power generation) 3 connected to the solar battery 2, a storage
battery 4, a charging-discharging power conditioner (a power conditioner for
charging and discharging) 5 connected to the storage battery 4. The power
supply system 1 further includes a grid-connected feed line 7 connected to a
power grid 6, and a grid-independent feed line 8 disconnected from
(independent 00 the power grid 6. Explanation of the embodiment is made
with an example in which the power supply system 1 is applied to a general
detached housing. However, the power supply system 1 is not limited to this
example, and can be applied to each dwelling unit of an apartment building, a
facility, an office, or the like. Examples of the storage battery 4 include a lead
storage battery and a lithium-ion battery.
[00201 Each of the generator power conditioner 3 and the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 is configured switch between two
operation states, which are "a grid connecting operation" in which the
conditioner coordinates with the power grid 6 of a commercial power supply (a
commercial power grid) and "a grid independent operation" in which the
conditioner is to be disconnected £rom the power grid 6. The generator power
conditioner 3 has a fist output terminal 31 and a second output terminal 32
which are physically separated &om each other. Likewise, the
charging-discharging power conhtioner 5 has a first output terminal 51 and a
second output terminal 52 which are physically separated from each other.
Detailed structures of the power conditioners will be discussed later.
[00211 In the generator power conditioner 3 and the charging-discharging
power conditioner 5 of the embodiment, the first output terminals 31 and 51
are each directly connected to the grid-connected feed line 7 to which the power
grid 6 is connected, whereas the second output terminals 32 and 52 are each
directly connected to the grid-independent feed line 8 which the power grid 6 is
independent of. Therefore, in the embodiment, each of the first output
terminals 31 and 51 functions as a power output terminal in the grid
7
connecting operation, and each of the second output terminals 32 and 52
functions as a power output terminal in the grid independent operation.
According to the generator power conditioner 3 and the charging-discharging
power conditioner 5 of the embodiment, the first output terminals 31 and 51
are connected with each other via the grid-connected feed line 7, and the second
output terminals 32 and 52 are connected with each other via the
grid-independent feed line 8. With this configuration, each of the generator
power conditioner 3 and the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 of the
embodiment is configured to switch between two operation states (connection
states) of the grid connecting operation in which the conditioner coordinates
with the power grid 6 and the grid independent operation in which the
conditioner operates independently of the power grid 6.
[0022] Each of the grid-connected feed line 7 and the grid-independent feed
line 8 is connected to a load(s) 9. The load 9 of the embodiment is formed of an
AC electric apparatus that is configured to operate with AC power supplied
from a power conditioner or the power grid 6. Examples of the load 9 include
various electric apparatuses such as a Lighting apparatus, a refrigerator, a
television set, a medical apparatus, and a charger of a mobile phone. Note
that the grid-connected feed line 7 and the grid-independent feed line 8 are not
necessary to be directly connected to the load 9 of the electric apparatus, and
may be connected to an outlet (not shown) to which a load 9 is detachably
attached. In this configuration, the grid-connected feed line 7 is connected to
an outlet usable during the grid connecting operation of the power conhtioners,
while the grid-independent feed line 8 is connected to a dedicated outlet for
independent operation usable during the grid independent operation of the
power conditioners.
[0023] The generator power conditioner 3 of the embohment includes a
DCIDC converter 33 connected to the solar battery 2, a DCIAC converter 34
configured to convert DC power to AC power, a controller 35 configured to
control each component, and a first switch 36 and a second switch 37 each of
which is formed of a relay. The DCIDC converter 33 has a terminal to which
the DCIAC converter 34 is connected and which is arranged opposite of the
DCIDC converter 33 from the solar battery 2. The DCIAC converter 34 has an
AC output terminal, and the AC output terminal is connected to the first
output terminal 31 via the first switch 36 and also to the second output
terminal 32 via the second switch 37. In the embodiment, an AC output
terminal of a power converter 30 is therefore connected to the grid-connected
feed line 7 via the first switch 36 and also to the grid-independent feed line 8
via the second switch 37.
100241 The DCIDC converter 33 is configured to step-up DC power of the solar
battery 2 to supply the stepped-up power to the DCIAC converter 34. The
DCIAC converter 34 is formed of a unidirectional converter (an inverter)
configured to convert DC power of the DCIDC converter 33 into AC power to
supply the AC power to the first output terminal 31 or the second output
terminal 32. That is, the DCIDC converter 33 and the DCIAC converter 34
constitute the power converter 30 that is configured to carry out power
conversion of the solar battery 2 to supply the converted power to the
grid-connected feed line 7 or the grid-independent feed line 8.
Lo0251 The controller 35 is configured to switch on the first switch 36 and
switch off the second switch 37 under the grid connecting operation, and also
switch on the second switch 37 and switch off the first switch 36 under the grid
independent operation. The controller 35 of the embodiment is configured to
switch connection states of the first and second switches 36 and 37, thereby
switching between the grid connecting operation in which the conditioner is
connected to the power grid 6 and the grid independent operation in which the
conditioner is disconnected from the power grid 6. The controller 35 is also
configured, when switching from the grid connecting operation to the grid
independent operation, to switch off a disconnection device (not shown)
disposed along the grid-connected feed line 7. Note that a failure detector (not
shown) configured to detect whether a failure such as power outage is present
at the power grid 6 is disposed along the grid-connected feed line 7. The
controller 35 is configured to automatically switch between the grid connecting
operation and the grid independent operation in accordance with a detecting
result of the failure detector. That is, the controller 35 is configured to select
the grid connecting operation (connected to the power grid 6) when the power
grid 6 is in normal, and also to be switched into the grid independent operation
(disconnected from the power grid 6) when the power grid 6 is in failure such as
power outage. The generator power conditioner 3 generally includes, for
avoiding an isolated operation, a built-in power-outage detector (not shown)
that is configured to detect a presence of a failure of the power grid 6 such as
power outage. Therefore, the controller 35 may be configured to switch
between the grid connecting operation and the grid independent operation in
accordance with a detection result of the power-outage detector.
lo0261 The charging-discharging power conditioner 5 includes a DCIDC
converter 53 connected to the storage battery 4, a DCIAC converter 54
configured to convert DC power into AC power, a controller 55 configured to
control each component, and a first switch 56 and a second switch 57 each of
which is formed of a relay. The DCIDC converter 53 has a terminal to which
the DCIAC converter 54 is connected and which is arranged opposite of the
DCDC converter 53 from the storage battery 4. The DCIAC converter 54 has
an AC output terminal, and the AC output terminal is connected to the first
output terminal 51 via the first switch 56 and also to the second output
terminal 52 via the second switch 57. In the embodiment, an AC output
terminal of a charge-discharge circuit 50 is therefore connected to the
grid-connected feed Line 7 via the &st switch 56 and also connected to the
grid-independent feed line 8 via the second switch 57.
lo0271 The DCIDC converter 53 is formed of a bidirectional converter
configured to step-up DC power of the storage battery 4 to supply the
stepped-up power to the DCIAC converter 54 in a discharging operation of the
storage battery 4, and also to step-down DC power of the DCIAC converter 54
to supply the stepped-down power to the storage battery 4 in a charging
operation of the storage battery 4. The DCIAC converter 54 is formed of a
bidirectional converter configured to convert DC power of the DCIDC converter
53 into AC power to supply the AC power to the first output terminal 51 or the
second output terminal 52 in the discharging operation of the storage battery 4,
and to convert AC power supplied through the first output terminal 51 or the
second output terminal 52 into DC power to supply the DC power to the DCIDC
converter 53 in the charging operation of the storage battery 4.
LO0281 That is, the DCIDC converter 53 and the DCIAC converter 54
10
constitute the charge-discharge circuit 50 that is configured to bidirectionally
convert electric power between the storage battery 4 and the grid-connected
feed line 7 or the grid-independent feed line 8 so as to charge and discharge the
storage battery 4. Hereinafter, a mode of the charge-discharge circuit 50
when it converts the output power of the storage battery 4 into AC power to
supply the AC power to the grid-connected feed line 7 or the grid-independent
feed line 8 will be called "discharge mode", and a mode of the charge-discharge
circuit 50 when it converts electric power supplied through the grid-connected
feed line 7 or the grid-independent feed line 8 into DC power to supply the DC
power to the storage battery 4 will be called "charge mode".
[00291 The controller 55 is configured to switch on the first switch 56 and
switch off the second switch 57 under the grid connecting operation, and also
switch on the second switch 57 and switch off the first switch 56 under the grid
independent operation. The controller 55 of the embodiment is configured to
switch connection states of the first and second switches 56 and 57, thereby
switching between the grid connecting operation in which the conditioner is
connected to the power grid 6 and the grid independent operation in which the
conditioner is disconnected from the power grid 6. The controller 55 is
configured to automatically switch between the grid connecting operation and
the grid independent operation in accordance with a detecting result of the
failure detector disposed along the grid-connected feed line 7. That is, the
controller 55 is configured to select the grid connecting operation when the
power grid 6 is in normal, and also to be switched into the grid independent
operation when the power grid 6 is in failure such as power outage.
[0030] According to the above described constructions, when the power grid 6
is in normal, the load 9 is supplied with electric power from at least one of the
generator power conditioner 3, the charging-discharging power conditioner 5
and the power grid 6 through the grid-connected feed line 7. On the other
hand, when the power grid 6 is in failure, the load 9 is supplied with electric
power from at least one of the generator power conditioner 3 and the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 through the grid-independent feed
line 8. Note that the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 is nearer to
the load 9 than the generator power conditioner 3, with regard to each of the
grid-connected feed line 7 and the grid-independent feed line 8.
[00311 Specific structures of the generator power conditioner 3 and the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 according to the embodiment are
described with reference to FIG. 1.
LO0321 The DCIDC converter 33 of the generator power conditioner 3 is
formed of a boost chopper circuit which includes: a series circuit, of an inductor
331 and a switching device 332, connected to the solar battery 2; and a series
circuit of a diode 333 and a capacitor 334. The circuit of the inductor 331 and
the switching device 332 is connected to the solar battery 2 so that the inductor
331 is connected to a positive electrode side of the solar battery 2 and the
switching device 332 is connected to a negative electrode side of the solar
battery 2. In the circuit of the diode 333 and the capacitor 334, an anode of
the diode 333 is connected to a junction of the inductor 331 and the switching
device 332; and a terminal of the capacitor 334 opposite thereof from the diode
333 is connected to a junction of the negative electrode side of the solar battery
2 and the switching device 332. The switching device 332 of the embodiment
is formed of an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), and a diode 335 is
connected in inverse-parallel with the switching device 332. When the
controller 35 controls so as to turn on and off the switching device 332 at a high
frequency under a condition where the DCIDC converter 33 is supplied with
electric power from the solar battery 2, the DCIDC converter 33 generates a
stepped-up DC voltage across the capacitor 334.
[00331 The DCIAC converter 34 of the generator power conditioner 3 is formed
of a full-bridge inverter circuit in which four switching devices 341 to 344 are
connected across an output terminal of the DCIDC converter 33 (i.e., connected
across the capacitor 334). The DCIAC converter 34 includes an LC filter
which is formed of a series circuit of an inductor 345, a capacitor 346 and an
inductor 347 and which is connected between a junction of the switching
devices 341 and 342 and a junction of the switching devices 343 and 344.
Each of the switching devices 341 to 344 of the embodiment is formed of an
IGBT, and respective diodes 348 are connected in inverse-parallel with the
switching devices 341 to 344. When the controller 35 controls so as to turn on
and off the switching devices 341 to 344 under a condition where the DCIAC
converter 34 is supplied with electric power fiom the DCIDC converter, the
DCIAC converter 34 generates an AC voltage across the capacitor 346. An
output terminal of the DCIAC converter 34 (i.e., both ends of the capacitor 346)
is connected to the second output terminal 32 via the second switch 37 of
double pole switch.
[0034-1 Incidentally, as shown in FIG. 3, the generating power of the solar
battery 2 is not constant and varies according to the output voltage thereof.
Therefore, it is preferable that the solar battery 2 is configured to operate at an
optimum point as maximum generating power (maximum power ~oint). The
generator power conditioner 3 of the embodiment therefore has a function of
the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control. The MPPT control is a
technique of controlling the solar battery 2 so that the operating point of the
solar battery 2 follows the maximum power point so as to maximize the output
of the solar battery 2, regardless of fluctuation in the output voltage and the
output current of the solar battery 2 caused by variations in temperature of the
solar battery 2, solar radiation intensity, and the like. The MPPT control is a
well know technique, and detailed explanation thereof is omitted. In FIG. 3,
the horizontal axis indicates the output voltage of the solar battery 2, and the
vertical axis indicates the generating power of the solar battery 2. Note that
"Al" indicates a property of the solar battery 2 under comparatively low solar
radiation intensity, "A2" indicates a property thereof under comparatively high
solar radiation intensity, and black circles indicate optimum points as
maximum generating power.
lo0351 The generator power conditioner 3 of the embodiment is configured to
perform the MPPT control at least in the grid independent operation (i.e.,
under a condition where the conditioner is disconnected fkom the power grid 6).
In detail, the generator power conditioner 3 includes a voltage sensor 351
configured to sense the output voltage of the solar battery 2; and a current
sensor 352 configured to sense the output current of the DCIAC converter 34.
The controller 35 is supplied with outputs of the voltage sensor 351 and the
current sensor 352. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the voltage sensor 351 is
configured to sense a voltage at a junction of the DCIDC converter 33 and the
solar battery 2, and the current sensor 352 is interposed between the inductor
345 and the junction of the switching devices 341 and 342 in the DCIAC
converter 34.
100361 The controller 35 is configured to control the power converter 30 (i.e.,
the DCIDC converter 33 and the DCIAC converter 34) based on the sensing
results of the voltage sensor 351 and the current sensor 352 to achieve the
MPPT control. The controller 35 is mainly formed of a microcomputer, and is
configured to execute programs stored in a memory (not shown) to achieve
functions for the control of the power converter 30.
100371 With this configuration, the generator power conditioner 3 of the
embodiment performs the MPPT control when the generator power conditioner
3 is connected to the grid-independent feed line 8 with the second switch 37
switched on.
[00381 Although not shown in FIG. 1, the first output terminal 31 of the
generator power conditioner 3 is connected to the output terminal of the DCIAC
converter 34 (i.e., both ends of the capacitor 346) via the first switch 36 of
double pole switch (see FIG. 2). The generator power conditioner 3 of the
embodiment is configured to perform the MPPT control also when the
generator power conditioner 3 is connected to the grid-connected feed line 7
with the first switch 36 switched on.
[0039] The DCIDC converter 53 of the charging-discharging power conditioner
5 includes: a series circuit, of an inductor 531 and a switching device 532,
connected to the storage battery 4; and a series circuit of a diode 533 and a
capacitor 534. The circuit of the inductor 531 and the switching device 532 is
connected to the storage battery 4 so that the inductor 531 is connected to a
positive electrode side of the storage battery 4 and the switching device 532 is
connected to a negative electrode side of the storage battery 4. In the circuit of
the diode 533 and the capacitor 534, an anode of the diode 533 is connected to a
junction of the inductor 531 and the switching device 532; and a terminal of the
capacitor 534 opposite thereof &.om the diode 533 is connected to a junction of
the negative electrode side of the storage battery 4 and the switching device
532. The switching device 532 of the embodiment is formed of an IGBT, and a
diode 535 is connected in inverse-parallel with the switching device 532. A
switching device for charging, 536, formed of an IGBT is connected in parallel
14
with the &ode 533.
[0040] For discharging the storage battery 4 (in the discharge mode), the
controller 55 controls so as to turn on and off the switching device 532 at a high
frequency, and thereby the DC/DC converter 53 generates a stepped-up DC
voltage across the capacitor 534. For charging the storage battery 4 (in the
charge mode), the switching device 532 is kept turned off and the switching
device for charging, 536 is controlled to turn on and off at a high frequency, and
thereby the DC/DC converter 53 steps down a voltage supplied from the DCIAC
converter 54 to charge the storage battery 4 by the stepped-down DC voltage.
[0041] The DCIAC converter 54 of the charging-discharging power conditioner
5 is formed of a full-bridge inverter circuit in which four switching devices 541
to 544 are connected across the capacitor 534 of the DCIDC converter 53. The
DCIAC converter 54 includes an LC filter which is formed of a series circuit of
an inductor 545, a capacitor 546 and an inductor 547 and which is connected
between a junction of the switching devices 541 and 542 and a junction of the
switching devices 543 and 544. Each of the switching devices 541 to 544 of the
embodiment is formed of an IGBT, and respective diodes 548 are connected in
inverse-parallel with the switching devices 541 to 544.
[0042] For discharging the storage battery 4 (in the discharge mode), the
controller 55 controls so as to turn on and off the switching devices 541 to 544,
and thereby the DCIAC converter 54 generates an AC voltage across the
capacitor 546. Both ends of the capacitor 546 are connected to the second
output terminal 52 via the second switch 57 of double pole switch. For
charging the storage battery 4 (in the charge mode), the controller 55 keeps the
switching devices 541 to 544 turned off, and thereby the DCIAC converter 54
supplies a DC voltage to the DCIDC converter 53.
LO0431 The charging-discharging power conditioner 5 of the embodiment is
configured to perform a constant voltage control so as to maintain a voltage
(effective value) of the grid-independent feed line 8 at constant in the grid
independent operation by switching the charge and discharge of the storage
battery 4. In detail, the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 includes a
voltage sensor 551 configured to sense a voltage of the second output terminal
52, and the controller 55 is supplied with an output of the voltage sensor 551.
In the example shown in FIG. 1, the voltage sensor 551 is connected between a
junction of the inductor 545 and the capacitor 546 and a junction of the
capacitor 546 and the inductor 547 and to thereby sense a voltage across the
capacitor 546.
[0044] The controller 55 is configured to control the charge-discharge circuit
50 (i.e., the DCIDC converter 53 and the DCIAC converter 54) based on the
sensing result of the voltage sensor 551 to achieve the constant voltage control
for maintaining the voltage of the second output terminal 52 at constant. In
detail, the controller 55 is configured to keep the sensed voltage (sensing
result) by the voltage sensor 551 at a predetermined target value by way of
operating the charge-discharge circuit 50 in the discharge mode under a
condition where the sensed voltage is smaller than the target value and also
operating the charge-discharge circuit 50 in the charge mode under a condition
where the sensed voltage is greater than the target value. Note that the
controller 55 is configured to adjust the magnitude of the output power in
accordance with a difference between the target value and the sensed voltage.
The controller 55 is mainly formed of a microcomputer, and is configured to
execute programs stored in a memory (not shown) to achieve functions for the
control of the charge-discharge circuit 50.
[0045] Although not shown in FIG. 1, the first output terminal 51 of the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 is connected to the output terminal of
the DCIAC converter 54 (i.e., both ends of the capacitor 546) via the first switch
56 of double pole switch (see FIG. 2). The charging-discharging power
conditioner 5 of the embodiment is configured to perform the constant voltage
control also when the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 is connected to
the grid-connected feed line 7 with the first switch 56 switched on.
LO0461 Described is an operation of the power supply system 1 according to the
embodiment when the power grid 6 is in failure (i.e., in the grid independent
operation).
roo471 When detecting a failure in the power grid 6, the generator power
conditioner 3 and the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 of the
embodiment switch on the respective second switches 37 and 57 to be
connected with each other through the grid-independent feed line 8, thereby
automatically operating in the grid independent operation. In this state, the
generator power conditioner 3 performs the MPPT control so as to maximize
the generating power of the solar battery 2, and the charging-discharging
power conditioner 5 performs the constant voltage control so as to maintain the
voltage of the grid-independent feed line 8 at constant.
[0048] In a case where the output power from the generator power conditioner
3 to the grid-independent feed line 8 (hereinafter, referred to as "generation
power") is greater than a consumed power in the load(s) 9 connected to the
grid-independent feed line 8 (hereinafter, referred to as "load power"), the load
power is entirely covered by the generation power. In this case, the supplied
power from the generator power conditioner 3 is larger than the electric power
supplied to the load 9 in the grid-independent feed line 8, and as a result the
voltage in the grid-independent feed line 8 is to be greater than a rated voltage
to cause the sensed voltage by the voltage sensor 551 to be greater than the
target value.
[0049] In this case, the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 operates the
charge-discharge circuit 50 in the charge mode so as to convert AC power
supplied through the grid-independent feed line 8 into DC power to supply the
DC power to the storage battery 4, thereby charging the storage battery 4 by a
surplus power that is a difference between the generation power and the load
power. In other words, when the sensed voltage is greater than the target
voltage, the controller 55 controls the charge-discharge circuit 50 so as to
charge the storage battery 4 by the electric power supplied through the
grid-independent feed line 8. In the embodiment, the charging-discharging
power conditioner 5 is configured to adjust the magnitude of the output power
in accordance with a difference between the target value and the sensed
voltage by the voltage sensor 551 so that the output power to the storage
battery 4 increases with increase in the difference between the target value
and the sensed voltage.
[00501 In a case where the generation power is smaller than the load power,
the load power is covered by sum of the generation power and the output power
of the charging-discharging power conditioner 5. In this case, the supplied
power from the generator power conditioner 3 is smaller than the electric
17
power supplied to the load 9 in the grid-independent feed line 8, and as a result
the voltage in the grid-independent feed line 8 is to be smaller than the rated
voltage to cause the sensed voltage by the voltage sensor 551 to be smaller than
the target value.
[0051.] In this case, the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 operates the
charge-discharge circuit 50 in the hscharge mode so as to convert DC power
supplied from the storage battery 4 into AC power to supply the AC power to
the grid-independent feed line 8, thereby compensating a shortfall-power,
which is a difference between the load power and the generation power, by the
discharging power of the storage battery 4. In other words, when the sensed
voltage is smaller than the target voltage, the controller 55 controls the
charge-discharge circuit 50 so as to supply electric power from the storage
battery 4 to the grid-independent feed line 8. In the embodiment, the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 is configured to adjust the magnitude
of the output power in accordance with a difference between the target value
and the sensed voltage by the voltage sensor 551 so that the output power to
the grid-independent feed line 8 increases with increase in the difference
between the target value and the sensed voltage.
[0052] In a case where the generation power substantially equals to the load
power, the load power is covered by the generation power. In this case, the
supplied power from the generator power conditioner 3 equals to the electric
power supplied to the load 9 in the grid-independent feed line 8, and the
voltage in the grid-independent feed line 8 corresponds to the rated voltage,
and thus the sensed voltage by the voltage sensor 551 substantially equals to
the target value. Accordingly, the charging-discharging power conditioner 5
causes the charge-discharge circuit 50 to stop so as to stop charging and
discharging of the storage battery 4.
LO0531 As a result, the power supply system 1 of the embodiment can stably
supply electric power to the load 9 when the power grid 6 is in failure (i.e., in
the grid independent operation) without being affected by the fluctuation in the
output power of the generator power conditioner 3 (the generation power).
[00541 The charging-discharging power conditioner 5 may have a target value
having a certain range, such as "100 V * 2 V". In this configuration, the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 operates the charge-discharge circuit
50 in the charge mode when the sensed voltage is greater than an upper limit
(102 V, in this example) of the target value, and operates the charge-discharge
circuit 50 in the hscharge mode when the sensed voltage is smaller than a
lower limit (98 V, in this example) of the target value. The
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 causes the charge-discharge circuit
50 to stop when the sensed voltage is within the upper limit and the lower limit
of the target value.
[0055] The power supply system 1 of the embodiment is configured so that the
generator power conditioner 3 performs the MPPT control and the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 performs the constant voltage control
not only when the power grid 6 is in failure but also when the power grid 6 is in
normal (i.e., in the grid connecting operation). With this configuration, when
the generation power (the output power of the generator power conditioner 3) is
smaller than the load power in the grid connecting operation, a shortfall-power
is compensated by the output power of the charging-discharging power
conditioner 5 and the electric power supplied from the power grid 6. Thus,
when the remaining battery level of the storage battery 4 is not sufficient, the
load 9 can be supplied with electric power from the power grid 6. Note that, in
this case, the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 may operate the
charge-discharge circuit 50 in the charge mode to charge the storage battery 4
by the electric power supplied from the power grid 6. In the grid connecting
operation, when the storage battery 4 is fully charged and the generation
power is greater than the load power, a surplus power of the generator power
conditioner 3 may be sold by a reverse flow to the power grid 6.
[0056] According to the above described power supply system 1, the generator
power conditioner 3 performs the MPPT control in the grid independent
operation, and accordingly the generated power of the solar battery 2 can be
used effectively with little waste, in comparison with a case where the
generator power conditioner 3 performs a constant voltage control. That is,
the generator power conditioner 3 keeps the optimum point (the maximum
power point) as maximum generating power of the solar battery 2, and
accordingly it is possible to effectively use the generating power of the solar
battery 2 without depending on the state of the load 9 connected to the
grid-independent feed line 8.
[0057] The charging-discharging power conditioner 5 performs the constant
voltage control in the grid independent operation so as to maintain the voltage
of the grid-independent feed line 8 at constant, and accordingly it is possible to
stably supply electric power to the load 9 without being affected by the
fluctuation in the output power of the generator power conditioner 3 (the
generation power). Although the output power of the generator power
conditioner 3 fluctuates due to the generator power conditioner 3 performing
the MPPT control, the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 can
compensate this fluctuation. Therefore, the load 9 connected to the
grid-independent feed line 8 can be supplied stable electric power from the
grid-independent feed line 8.
LO0581 In the grid independent operation, since the storage battery 4 is
charged by the surplus power, the charging-discharging power conhtioner 5
can supply electric power to the load 9 by the stored energy in the storage
battery 4 when the consumed power of the load 9 exceeds the generating power
of the solar battery 2. Accordingly, a load 9 of which power consumption is
larger than a maximum output power of the generator power conditioner 3 can
be powered in the grid independent operation, and it is possible to increase the
degrees of freedom of choice of loads. In addition, even when the generating
power of the solar battery 2 is lowered less than the power consumption of the
load 9 due to decreased solar radiation or a load 9 having a large power
consumption, it is possible to continue supplying electric power to the load 9 by
the charging-discharging power conditioner 5. Thus, it is possible to stably
supply electric power to the load 9.
[0059] (Second Embodiment)
As shown in FIG. 4, a power supply system 1 according to the
embodiment includes a connection selector 10 interposed between: a first
output terminal 31 of a generator power conditioner 3; and grid-connected and
grid-independent feed lines 7 and 8. The generator power conhtioner 3 of the
embodiment has an operation mode for outputting electric power through the
first output terminal 31, and is configured to perform an MPPT control in this
operation mode. The present embodiment has the same structure for
performing the MPPT control as that described in the first embodiment, such
as a voltage sensor 351 and a current sensor 352. That is, in the generator
power conditioner 3 of the embodiment, the first output terminal 31 is
connected to an output terminal of a power converter 30 of FIG. 1 (i.e.,
connected across a capacitor 346). A charging-discharging power conditioner 5
of the embodiment has a similar structure as that described in the first
embodiment. Like kind elements are assigned the same reference numerals
as depicted in the first embodiment and explanation is omitted as needed.
[0060] In the embodiment of which configuration is shown in FIG. 4, the
connection selector 10 has a first connection switch (grid-connection side
switch) 101 and a second connection switch (grid-independent side switch) 102.
The first connection switch 101 is interposed between the first output terminal
31 and the grid-connected feed line 7. The second connection switch 102 is
interposed between the first output terminal 31 and the grid-independent feed
line 8. That is, the AC output terminal of the power converter 30 is connected
to the grid-connected feed line 7 via the first connection switch 101 and also to
the grid-independent feed line 8 via the second connection switch 102. The
connection selector 10 is configured to switch either one of the first and second
connection switches 101 and 102 on selectively in accordance with a switch
signal supplied from a controller 55 of the charging-discharging power
conditioner 5, thereby connecting the first output terminal 31 to either the
grid-connected feed line 7 or the grid-independent feed line 8.
[0061] In this configuration, the generator power conditioner 3 is switched
between a grid connecting operation (in which the conditioner is connected to
the power grid 6) and a grid independent operation (in which the conditioner is
disconnected from the power grid 6) by the connection selector 10. Thus, a
first switch 36 is kept turned on and a second switch 37 is kept turned off by a
controller 35 in this configuration, regardless of the grid connecting operation
or the grid independent operation. In the embodiment, the generator power
conditioner 3 therefore outputs electric power only through the first output
terminal 31, and supplies the electric power to the grid-connected feed line 7
through the first connection switch 101 in the grid connecting operation,
whereas supplies the electric power to the grid-independent feed line 8 through
the second connection switch 102 in the grid independent operation.
LO0621 It is notable that power conditioners on the market are generally
configured to: perform the MPPT control in an operation mode for outputting
electric power through a first output terminal (connection output terminal);
and perform, for ensuring an operating voltage for a load, a constant voltage
control so as to maintain an output voltage at a predetermined target value in
an operation mode for outputting electric power through a second output
terminal (independent output terminal). Therefore, according to the
configuration of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, such the general power
conditioner on the market can be used for the generator power conditioner 3 in
the power supply system 1. Described in detail, in the configuration shown in
FIG. 4, the generator power conditioner 3 always operates through the first
output terminal 31. As a result, the generator power conditioner 3 always
performs the MPPT control regardless of the fact that the connection selector
10 switches the generator power conditioner 3 between the grid connecting
operation and the grid independent operation. Therefore, although the power
conditioner has both of an output terminal for MPPT control (the first output
terminal) and an output terminal for constant voltage control (the second
output terminal), it is possible to cause a power conditioner to always perform
the MPPT control. The connection selector 10 of the embodiment is configured
to be operated depending on the switch signal from outside, but not limited
thereto. For example, the connection selector 10 may include a failure
detector (not shown) configured to detect whether a failure such as power
outage is present at the power grid 6, and be configured to switch between the
grid connecting operation and the grid independent operation in accordance
with a detecting result of the failure detector.
[0063] In the power supply system 1 of the embodiment, the generator power
conditioner 3 performs the MPPT control in the grid independent operation,
and accordingly the generated power of the solar battery 2 can be used
effectively with little waste, in comparison with a case where the generator
power conditioner 3 performs a constant voltage control.
roo641 The charging-discharging power conditioner 5 performs the constant
22
voltage control in the grid independent operation so as to maintain the voltage
of the grid-independent feed line 8 constant, and accordingly it is possible to
stably supply electric power to a load 9 without being affected by the
fluctuation in the output power of the generator power conditioner 3 (the
generation power). Therefore, the load 9 connected to the grid-independent
feed line 8 can be supplied electric power stably through the grid-independent
feed line 8.
[0065] In the grid independent operation, since the storage battery 4 is
charged by a surplus power, the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 can
supply electric power to the load 9 by the stored energy in the storage battery 4
when the consumed power of the load 9 exceeds the generating power of the
solar battery 2. Accordingly, a load 9 of which power consumption is larger
than a maximum output power of the generator power conditioner 3 can be
powered in the grid independent operation, and it is possible to increase the
degrees of freedom of choice of loads. In addition, even when the generating
power of the solar battery 2 is lowered less than the power consumption of the
load 9 due to decreased solar radiation or a load 9 having a large power
consumption, it is possible to continue supplying electric power to the load 9 by
the charging-discharging power conditioner 5. Thus, it is possible to stably
supply electric power to the load 9.
[OO661 Note that the generator power conditioner 3 of the embodiment may
omit a second output terminal 32.
[0067] (Third Embodiment)
As shown in FIG. 5, a power supply system 1 according to the
embodiment includes a selector board 11 which is connected to a power grid 6,
a generator power conditioner 3, and a charging-discharging power conditioner
5. Like kind elements are assigned the same reference numerals as depicted
in the second embodiment and explanation is omitted as needed.
[0068] As shown in FIG. 5, the embodiment is further provided with a
distribution board 12. The power grid 6, the generator power conditioner 3
and the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 are connected to a load(s) 9
via the selector board 11 and the distribution board 12. The distribution
board 12 has a main breaker (not shown) and branch breakers (not shown), and
23
each of the branch breakers can be connected with one or more loads 9.
[00691 The embodiment does not include a grid-connected feed line and a
grid-independent feed line individually, but includes a single feed line 13 which
is connected to the distribution board 12. The power grid 6, the generator
power conditioner 3 and the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 are
connected to the feed line 13 via the selector board 11. As shown in FIG. 5,
the selector board 11 has a grid side switch 111 and a generator side switch
112. The grid side switch 111 is interposed between the power grid 6 and the
feed line 13. The generator side switch 112 is interposed between the
generator power conditioner 3 and the feed line 13. That is, the feed line 13 is
connected to the power grid 6 via the grid side switch 111. The generator
power conditioner 3 is connected to the feed line 13 via the generator side
switch 112. The charging-discharging power conditioner 5 is connected to the
feed line 13 through the selector board 11 without interrupting the connection
therebetween.
[0070] With this configuration, a connection state between the feed line 13 and
the power grid 6 is switched by the grid side switch 111 of the selector board
11. Therefore, the feed line 13 functions as a grid-connected feed line when
the grid side switch 111 is switched on, and functions as a grid-independent
feed line when the grid side switch 111 is switched off. Under a condition
where the generator side switch 112 is switched on, the generator power
conditioner 3 is configured to operate in a grid connecting operation when the
grid side switch 111 is switched on, while operate in a grid independent
operation when the grid side switch 111 is switched off. Similarly, the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 is configured to operate in the grid
connecting operation when the grid side switch 111 is switched on, while
operate in the grid independent operation when the grid side switch 111 is
switched off.
[0071] Note that the "grid connecting operation" and the "grid independent
operation" in the present description do not represent operation modes of the
generator power conditioner 3, but represent connection states between the
generator power conditioner 3 and the power grid 6. In the present
description, the "grid connecting operation" indicates a state in which the
24
generator power conditioner 3 is connected to the power grid 6 to coordinate
with the power grid 6, and the "grid independent operation" indicates a state in
which the generator power conditioner 3 is disconnected from the power grid 6.
General generator power conditioners 3 have two operation modes of
"grid-connection operation mode" for outputting electric power through a first
output terminal 31 and "autonomous operation mode" for outputting electric
power through a second output terminal 32, but these operation modes are not
necessarily related to the "grid connecting operation" and the "grid
independent operation" that represent the connection states with the power
grid 6. That is, the generator power conditioner 3 can operate in each
operation modes of the "grid-connection operation mode" and the "autonomous
operation mode" even when the generator power conditioner 3 operates in the
"grid independent operation" in which the generator power conditioner 3 is
disconnected from the power grid 6.
[0072] The generator power conditioner 3 of the embodiment has a switch (not
shown) for selecting the "operation modes". The operation mode of the
generator power conditioner 3 can be manually switched between the
grid-connection operation mode (in which a first switch 36 is switched on and a
second switch 37 is switched off) and the autonomous operation mode (in which
the first switch 36 is switched off and the second switch 37 is switched on) in
accordance with an operation of this switch. Thus, even when the storage
battery 4 is fully discharged in the grid independent operation (in which the
generator power conditioner 3 is disconnected from the power grid 6), electric
power can be supplied from the generator power conditioner 3 by switching the
operation mode of the generator power conditioner 3 from the grid-connection
operation mode to the autonomous operation mode. For example, the
generator power conditioner 3 can be configured to supply electric power by the
second output terminal 32 to a dedicated independent feed Line (not shown) to
which the second output terminal 32 is connected, when switched into the
autonomous operation mode (the same can be applied to the generator power
conditioner 3 of the second embodiment).
Lo0731 In the example below, it is assumed that the generator power
conditioner 3 always operates in the grid-connection operation mode in which
25
the first switch 36 is switched on and the second switch 37 is switched off when
the generator side switch 112 is switched on, regardless of the grid connecting
operation or the grid independent operation. That is, it is assumed that the
generator power conditioner 3 is connected to the generator side switch 112
only by the first output terminal 31, and the generator power conditioner 3
outputs electric power to the feed line 13 only through the first output terminal
31. Similarly, the charging-discharging power conhtioner 5 is connected to
the feed line 13 only by a first output terminal 51, and the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 outputs electric power to the feed
line 13 only through the first output terminal 51.
lo0741 In the power supply system 1 of the embodiment, the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 has a communication function
configured to communicate with the selector board 11, and the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 is configured to control, using control
signals, ON and OFF of at least the grid side switch 111 and the generator side
switch 112.
lo0751 A controller 55 (see FIG. 1) of the charging-discharging power
conditioner 5 is configured to automatically switch between the grid connecting
operation and the grid independent operation in accordance with a presence
and an absence of a failure (such as power outage) at the power grid 6. That
is, the controller 55 is configured to switch on the grid side switch 111 to
operate in the grid connecting operation when the power grid 6 is in normal,
and switch off the grid side switch 111 to operate in the grid independent
operation when the power grid 6 is in failure such as power outage. In detail,
the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 includes a built-in power-outage
detector (not shown) configured to detect a presence of a failure of the power
grid 6 such as power outage, for avoiding an isolated operation, and the
controller 55 is configured to switch off the grid side switch 111 to select the
grid independent operation in response to a detection result (failure) of the
power-outage detector. In order to detect a power restoration of the power
grid 6 when the grid side switch 111 is switched off, the selector board 11 is
further provided, on an upstream side (the power grid 6 side) of the grid side
switch 111, with a power restoration detector 113 configured to detect a power
restoration. A detection result of the power restoration detector 113 is
supplied to the charging-discharging power conditioner 5. The controller 55 is
configured to select the grid connecting operation by switching on the grid side
switch 111 in response to a detection result (power restoration) of the power
restoration detector 113.
[0076] As shown in FIG. 5, the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 has a
remaining level monitor 59 configured to monitor a remaining battery level
(amount of charge) of the storage battery 4 which is connected to the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5. The remaining level monitor 59 is,
for example, configured to monitor the remaining battery level of the storage
battery 4 by measuring a voltage of the storage battery 4. Hereinafter, a
remaining battery level of the storage battery 4 at which the storage battery 4
is fully charged is referred to as "upper limit value".
roo771 The controller 55 (see FIG. 1) of the charging-discharging power
conditioner 5 is configured to: keep the generator side switch 112 turned on in
the grid connecting operation; and control ON and OFF of the generator side
switch 112 in accordance with the remaining battery level of the storage
battery 4 in the grid independent operation, In the grid independent
operation, the controller 55 of the embodiment switches on the generator side
switch 112 when the remaining battery level monitored by the remaining level
monitor 59 is less than the upper limit value, and switches off the generator
side switch 112 when the remaining battery level is the upper limit value or
more. In other words, when the storage battery 4 is fully charged under a
condition where the power grid 6 is in failure (i.e., in the grid independent
operation), the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 forcibly stops the
generator power conditioner 3 outputting electric power to the feed line 13
(grid-independent feed line).
[00781 When the power-outage detector detects a failure of the power grid 6
such as power outage, the charging-discharging power conditioner 5
temporarily stops outputting electric power to the feed line 13, switches off the
grid side switch 111, and then starts a constant voltage control so as to
maintain the voltage (effective value) of the feed line 13 at constant. With this
configuration, power supply to the feed line 13 from at least the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 and the power grid 6 temporarily
stops when a failure occurs in the power grid 6. When the power restoration
detector 113 detects a power restoration of the power grid 6, the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 temporarily stops outputting electric
power to the feed line 13, switches the grid side switch 111 to ON, and then
restarts the grid connecting operation.
[0079] In the embodiment, even when the power grid 6 is in normal (in the
grid connecting operation), the generator power conditioner 3 performs a MPPT
control and the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 performs a constant
voltage control.
[00801 When performing the MPPT control, the generator power conditioner 3
senses the voltage of the feed line 13 to adjust an output current in accordance
with the sensed voltage, i.e., performs a current control. Therefore, the
generator power conditioner 3 cannot perform the current control (the MPPT
control) without a reference voltage on the feed line 13. Accordingly, the
generator power conditioner 3 stops outputting electric power to the feed line
13 after the charging-discharging power conhtioner 5 and the power grid 6
stop supplying electric power to the feed line 13 due to a failure in the power
grid 6, because there is no reference voltage on the feed line 13. With this
configuration, the generator power conditioner 3 can be prevented from
performing an isolated operation when the power grid 6 is in failure (grid
independent operation). Similarly, the generator power conditioner 3
temporarily stops outputting electric power to the feed line 13 in the power
restoration of the power grid 6 because power supply to the feed line 13 from
the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 and the power grid 6 temporarily
stops.
[0081] FIG. 6 shows an example of a specific circuit structure of the power
supply system 1 according to the embodiment. Note that FIG. 6 omit
illustration of second output terminals 32 and 52 (see FIG. I), second switches
37 and 57 (see FIG. 11, and the hstribution board 12 (see FIG. 5).
[0082] The power supply system 1 shown in FIG. 6 differs from the second
embodiment in that the first output terminal 31 of the generator power
conditioner 3 of the example is connected to the feed line 13 via the generator
side switch 112, and in that the first output terminal 51 of the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 of the example is connected to the
feed line 13. The power supply system 1 shown in FIG. 6 also differs from the
second embodiment in that the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 of the
example has the remaining level monitor 59, and the controller 55 is configured
to control ON and OFF of the generator side switch 112 based on an output of
the remaining level monitor 59. In the example of FIG. 6, the remaining level
monitor 59 is connected across both input ends, which is at the storage battery
4 side, of the DCJDC converter 53. The remaining level monitor 59 is
configured to measure a voltage across the storage battery 4 to monitor the
remaining battery level of the storage battery 4, and to supply the controller 55
with a measured result.
[0083] Described is an operation of the power supply system 1 according to the
embodiment.
[00841 When the power grid 6 is in normal (i.e., not in power outage), both of
the grid side switch 111 and the generator side switch 112 of the selector board
11 are switched on. The power grid 6, the generator power conditioner 3 and
the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 are therefore connected to the
distribution board 12 via the feed line 13, and thus the generator power
conditioner 3 and the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 operate in the
grid connecting operation.
[00851 If a failure such as power outage occurs in the power grid 6, the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 stops outputting electric power to the
feed line 13 in response to the detection result (failure) from the power-outage
detector, and as a result the generator power conditioner 3 stops outputting
electric power to the feed line 13. Then, the charging-discharging power
conditioner 5 supplies the selector board 11 with a control signal to switch off
the grid side switch 111, thereby disconnecting the power grid 6 from the
distribution board 12.
[OO861 The charging-discharging power conditioner 5 is therefore switched into
the grid independent operation to start the constant voltage control for
maintaining the voltage (effective value) of the feed line 13 at constant so as to
supply the feed line 13 with AC power having the substantially same frequency
and amplitude as those of the power grid 6. The generator power conditioner
3 then detects and regards the output voltage of the charging-discharging
power conditioner 5 as a "pseudo" grid voltage (as the reference voltage)
regardless of the fact that the power grid 6 is disconnected from the feed line
13. The generator power conditioner 3 thereby starts outputting electric
power to the feed line 13 under the MPPT control, as similar to the grid
connecting operation. That is, even in the grid independent operation in
which the power grid 6 is disconnected from the feed line 13, the generator
power conditioner 3 also operates in the grid-connection operation mode (in
which the generator power conditioner 3 outputs electric power through the
first output terminal 31), as similar to the grid connecting operation.
LO0871 In this state (in the grid independent operation), the generator power
conditioner 3 performs the MPPT control so as to maximize a generating power
of the solar battery 2, while the charging-discharging power conditioner 5
performs the constant voltage control so as to maintain the voltage of the feed
line 13 at constant. Hence, when the output power of the generator power
conditioner 3 (generation power) is greater than a consumed power in the load
9 (load power), the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 can charge the
storage battery 4 by a surplus power that is a difference between the
generation power and the load power. It is preferable that the storage battery
4 has a maximum permissible power for charging which is equal to or more
than the maximum value of the generation power, in consideration of a case
where the load power is zero and the generation power and the load power are
each variable. With such the storage battery 4, all the generation power can
be supplied to charge the storage battery 4 by the charging-discharging amount
power conditioner 5 in the grid independent operation even in a case where the
load power is zero. On the other hand, when the generation power is smaller
than the load power, the charging-discharging power conditioner 5
compensates a shortfall-power, which is a difference between the load power
and the generation power, by discharging the storage battery 4.
LO0881 In the grid independent operation, when the remaining battery level of
the storage battery 4 monitored by the remaining level monitor 59 is the upper
limit value or more, the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 controls so
30
as to turn off the generator side switch 112 by supplying a control signal to
disconnect the generator power conditioner 3 from the feed line 13. The
generation power which is the output power of the generator power conditioner
3 to the feed line 13 is zero in this case, and thus all the load power is covered
by the discharge power of the storage battery 4 by the charging-discharging
power conditioner 5. When the remaining battery level of the storage battery
4 decreases to less than the upper limit value due to the discharge thereof, the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 switches on the generator side switch
112 to restart and allow the generator power conditioner 3 to output electric
power to the feed line 13.
[0089] In the case of the power restoration of the power grid 6, the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 stops outputting electric power to the
feed line 13 in response to the detection result restoration) of the power
restoration detector 113, and as a result the generator power conditioner 3
stops outputting electric power to the feed line 13. Then, the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 supplies the selector board 11 with a
control signal to switch on the grid side switch 111, thereby connecting the
power grid 6 with the distribution board 12. If the generator side switch 112
is switched off, the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 also restores the
generator side switch 112 to ON state.
[00901 The charging-discharging power conditioner 5 is therefore switched into
the grid connecting operation to start the constant voltage control so as to
maintain the voltage (effective value) of the feed line 13 at constant, thereby
supplying the feed line 13 with AC power having the substantially same
frequency and amplitude as those of the power grid 6. The generator power
conditioner 3 then starts operating in the grid-connection operation mode (in
which the generator power conditioner 3 outputs electric power through the
first output terminal 31) as similar to the grid independent operation, with a
voltage supplied from the power grid 6 to the feed line 13 referred to as a
reference voltage, thereby outputting electric power to the feed line 13 under
the NIPPT control.
[0091.] As described above, the configuration of the embodiment is switched
between the grid connecting operation and the grid independent operation by
the selector board 11. The controller 35 of the generator power conditioner 3
can be operated only in the grid-connection operation mode (in which the
generator power conditioner 3 outputs electric power through the first output
terminal 31) regardless of the grid connecting operation or the grid
independent operation. Power conditioners on the market are generally
configured to: perform the MPPT control in a grid-connection operation mode;
and perform the constant voltage control for maintaining the output voltage at
a predetermined target value in an autonomous operation mode (in which the
generator power conditioner 3 outputs electric power through the second
output terminal 32) in order to supply a sufficient voltage for operating a load.
Therefore, according to the configuration of the embodiment, these general
power conditioners on the market can be used for the generator power
conditioner 3 in the power supply system 1. In detail, the generator power
conditioner 3 always operates in the grid-connection operation mode in the
embodiment, and accordingly the generator power conditioner 3 can always
perform the MPPT control regardless of the fact that the connection selector 10
switches the generator power conditioner 3 between the grid connecting
operation and the grid independent operation. Thus, it is possible to cause a
power conditioner to always perform the MPPT control, regardless of the fact
that the power conhtioner has both of the output terminal (the first output
terminal 31) for MPPT control and the output terminal (the second output
terminal 32) for constant voltage control.
[0092] In the grid independent operation, the charging-discharging power
conditioner 5 stops the generator power conditioner 3 outputting electric power
to the feed line 13 when the remaining battery level of the storage battery 4 is
the upper limit value or more. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent
overcharge of the storage battery 4. In other words, the generator power
conditioner 3 stops outputting electric power to the feed line 13 when the
storage battery 4 is fully charged, and therefore the charging-discharging
power conditioner 5 can prevent a fully-charged storage battery 4 from further
charging by a surplus power.
[0093] Note that the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 in each of the
first and second embodiments may also be configured, as similar to the
embodiment, to stop the generator power conditioner 3 outputting electric
power to a grid independent feed line when a remaining battery level of the
storage battery 4 is a predetermined upper limit value or more in the grid
independent operation.
[0094] In an applied example to the first embodiment, the controller 35 of the
generator power conditioner 3 and the controller 55 of the charging-discharging
power conditioner 5 are configured to communicate with each other. The
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 is provided with a remaining level
monitor 59 configured to monitor a remaining battery level of the storage
battery 4. The controller 55 of the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 is
configured to, when the remaining battery level of the storage battery 4 is an
upper limit value or more in the grid independent operation, switch off the first
switch 36 and the second switch 37 of the generator power conditioner 3 via the
controller 35, thereby stopping the generator power conditioner 3 outputting
electric power to a feed line (the grid-connected feed line 7 and the
grid-independent feed line 8).
[0095] In an applied example to the second embodiment, the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 is provided with a remaining level
monitor 59 configured to monitor a remaining battery level of the storage
battery 4. The controller 55 of the charging-chscharging power conditioner 5 is
configured to, when the remaining battery level of the storage battery 4 is an
upper limit value or more in the grid independent operation, switch off the first
connection switch 101 and the second connection switch 102, thereby stopping
the generator power conditioner 3 outputting electric power to a feed line (the
grid-connected feed line 7 and the grid-independent feed line 8).
[0096] The power supply system 1 may include a plurality of generator power
conditioner 3, instead of including a single generator power conditioner 3. In
this configuration, power generators connected to the generator power
conditioners 3 are not limited to solar batteries 2, and at least one of the power
generators may be other generators than the solar batteries 2, such as fuel cells
or the like. In the example where the system includes the plurality of the
generator power conchtioners 3, generator side switches 112 are each provided
for the generator power conditioners 3, and the charging-discharging power
3 3
conditioner 5 switches off all the generator side switches 112 when the
remaining battery level of the storage battery 4 is a predetermined upper limit
value or more in the grid independent operation.
[0097] In the example where the system includes the plurality of generator
power conditioners 3, it is preferable that the storage battery 4 has a maximum
permissible power for charging which is equal to or more than sum of the
maximum values of the output power from the generator power conditioners 3
to the feed line 13 (generation power). With such the storage battery 4, as
long as the storage battery 4 is not fully charged, the generation power can be
supplied to charge the storage battery 4 by the charging-discharging power
conditioner 5 in the grid independent operation even in a case where the
consumed power in the load 9 (load power) is zero.
[00981 In the power supply system 1, the grid side switch 111 and the
generator side switch 112 are not necessarily housed in the selector board 11 as
in the described configuration, and they may be prepared as individual
switches. The grid side switch 111 and the generator side switch 112 may be
provided in the distribution board 12. In this configuration, the power grid 6,
the generator power conditioner 3 and the charging-discharging power
conditioner 5 are directly connected to the feed line 13 to which the distribution
board 12 is connected.
[0099] The charging-discharging power conditioner 5 in the embodiment is
configured to detect the power outage (failure in the power grid 6) by the
built-in power-outage detector and to detect the power restoration by the power
restoration detector 113 provided outside thereof, but is not limited to this
configuration. For example, the charging-discharging power conditioner 5
may be configured to detect both the power outage and the power restoration
by the power restoration detector 113 provided outside.
[01001 Other configurations and functions of the embodiment are analogous to
those in the second embodiment.
[01011 (Fourth Embodiment)
A power supply system 1 of the embodiment differs from the power
supply system 1 according to the first embodiment in that a generator power
conditioner 3 performs a constant voltage control so as to maintain an output
34
voltage of the second output terminal 32 at constant in a grid independent
operation. Like kind elements are assigned the same reference numerals as
depicted in the first embodiment and explanation is omitted as needed.
[01021 As shown in FIG. 7, the generator power conditioner 3 of the
embodiment includes a voltage sensor 353 configured to sense a voltage of the
second output terminal 32, and an output of the voltage sensor 353 is supplied
to a controller 35. In the example of FIG. 7, the voltage sensor 353 senses a
voltage between a junction of switching devices 341 and 342 and a junction of
switching devices 343 and 344 of a DC/AC converter 34.
[01031 The controller 35 of the generator power conditioner 3 is configured to
control a power converter 30 (i.e., a DCJDC converter 33 and the DC/AC
converter 34) based on the sensing result of the voltage sensor 353 to achieve
the constant voltage control for maintaining the voltage of the second output
terminal 32 at constant. In detail, the controller 35 is configured to control
the power converter 30 so as to increase the output power of the power
converter 30 when the sensed voltage is smaller than a predetermined target
value and also to decrease the output power thereof when the sensed voltage is
greater than the target value, thereby maintaining the sensed voltage by the
voltage sensor 353 at the target value.
[01041 The generator power conditioner 3 further includes a voltage sensor 351
and a current sensor 352 (although not shown in FIG. 7) described in the first
embodiment, and performs an MPPT control in a grid connecting operation.
[01051 A charging-discharging power conditioner 5 of the embodiment is
configured to perform a constant voltage control so as to maintain a voltage
(effective value) of a grid-independent feed line 8 at constant in a grid
independent operation by switching the charge and the discharge of a storage
battery 4, as similar to that in the first embodiment. Note that a target value
(hereinafter, referred to as "a second target value") for the constant voltage
control of the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 is set smaller than a
target value (hereinafter, referred to as "a first target value") for the constant
voltage control of the generator power conditioner 3 (i.e., the second target
value < the first target value).
[01061 Described is an operation of the power supply system 1 according to the
embodiment when a power grid 6 is in failure (i.e., in the grid independent
operation).
[01071 When detecting a failure in the power grid 6, the generator power
conditioner 3 and the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 switch on
respective second switches 37 and 57 to be connected with each other through
the grid-independent feed line 8, thereby automatically operating in the grid
independent operation. In this state, the generator power conditioner 3
performs the constant voltage control so as to maintain the output power from
a second output terminal 32 at the first target value, and the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 performs the constant voltage control
so as to maintain the voltage of the grid-independent feed line 8 at the second
target value.
[01081 In a case where the output power from the generator power conditioner
3 to the grid-independent feed line 8 (refereed to as "generation power") is
greater than a consumed power in a load(s) 9 connected to the
grid-independent feed line 8 (referred to as "load power"), the load power can be
entirely covered by the generation power. In this case, the generator power
conditioner 3 performs the constant voltage control to thereby maintain the
voltage of the grid-independent feed line 8 at the first target value, and as a
result a sensed voltage by a voltage sensor 551 of the charging-discharging
power conditioner 5 is to be greater than the second target value (< the first
target value).
[0109] In this case, the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 operates the
charge-discharge circuit 50 in a charge mode so as to convert AC power
supplied through the grid-independent feed line 8 into DC power to supply the
DC power to the storage battery 4, thereby charging the storage battery 4. In
the embodiment, the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 is configured to
adjust the magnitude of the output power in accordance with a difference
between the second target value and the sensed voltage by the voltage sensor
551 so that the output power to the storage battery 4 increases with increase in
the difference between the second target value and the sensed voltage.
[01101 In a case where the generation power is smaller than the load power,
the generator power conditioner 3 attempts to perform the constant voltage
36
control but cannot maintain the voltage of the grid-independent feed line 8 at
the first target value due to the consumed power being too large, and
accordingly the voltage of the grid-independent feed line 8 decreases below the
first target value. When the sensed voltage by the voltage sensor 551
decreases to less than the second target value, the charging-discharging power
conditioner 5 operates the charge-discharge circuit 50 in a discharge mode to
discharge the storage battery 4 and to convert DC power supplied from the
storage battery 4 into AC power to supply the AC power to the
grid-independent feed line 8. In the embodiment, the charging-discharging
power conditioner 5 is configured to adjust the magnitude of the output power
in accordance with a difference between the second target value and the sensed
voltage by the voltage sensor 551 so that the output power to the
grid-independent feed line 8 increases with increase in the difference between
the second target value and the sensed voltage.
[0111] In a case where the sensed voltage by the voltage sensor 551
corresponds to the second target value, the charging-discharging power
conditioner 5 causes the charge-discharge circuit 50 to stop so as to stop
charging and discharging of the storage battery 4.
[01121 As a result, in the power supply system 1 of the embodiment, the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 charges, in principle, the storage
battery 4 when the power grid 6 is in failure, provided that the solar battery 2
can generate sufficient electric power because the second target value is set
smaller than the first target value. In addition, even when the generated
power of the solar battery 2 is lowered less than the consumed power of the
load 9 due to decreased solar radiation or a load 9 having a large power
consumption, it is possible to stably supply electric power to the load 9 by
discharging the storage battery 4 by the charging-discharging power
conditioner 5.
[01131 The charging-discharging power conditioner 5 may have a second target
value having a certain range, such as "97 V * 2 V". In this configuration, the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 operates the charge-discharge circuit
50 in the charge mode when the sensed voltage is greater than an upper limit
(99 V, in this example) of the second target value, and operates the
37
charge-discharge circuit 50 in the discharge mode when the sensed voltage is
smaller than a lower limit (95 V, in this example) of the second target value.
The charging-discharging power conditioner 5 causes the charge-discharge
circuit 50 to stop when the sensed voltage is within the upper limit and the
lower limit of the second target value. Note that the upper limit of the second
target value in this example should be set smaller than the first target value
(e.g., 100 V).
[0114] According to the above described power supply system 1, the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 charges, in principle, the storage
battery 4 in the grid independent operation provided that the solar battery 2
can generate sufficient electric power because the second target value is set
smaller than the first target value. As a result, the charging-discharging
power conditioner 5 can supply electric power to the load 9 by the stored energy
in the storage battery 4 even when the consumed power of the load 9 exceeds
the generating power of the solar battery 2. Accordingly, a load 9 having
power consumption larger than a maximum output power of the generator
power conditioner 3 can be powered even in the grid independent operation,
and it is possible to increase the degrees of heedom of choice of loads. In
addition, even when the generating power of the solar battery 2 decreases to
less than the consumed power of the load 9 due to decreased solar radiation or
a load 9 with a large power consumption, it is possible to continue supplying
electric power to the load 9 by the charging-discharging power conditioner 5.
Thus, it is possible to stably supply electric power to the load 9.
[0115] Note that power conditioners on the market are generally configured: to
perform the MPPT control in an operation mode in which the conditioner
outputs electric power through a first output terminal; and to perform the
constant voltage control so as to maintain the output voltage at a
predetermined target value in an operation mode in which the conditioner
outputs electric power through a second output terminal in order to ensure a
sufficient voltage for operating a load. Therefore, according to the power
supply system 1 of the embodiment, it is possible to use the power conditioners
on the market for the generator power conditioner 3 of the power supply
system 1. In short, the power supply system 1 according to the embodiment
38
can be achieved by adding the storage battery 4 and the charging-discharging
power conditioner 5 to an existing power supply system that includes a general
power conditioner as the generator power conditioner.
[0116] Note that the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 of the
embodiments may also be configured to stop the generator power conditioner 3
outputting electric power to a grid independent feed line when a remaining
battery level of the storage battery 4 is a predetermined upper limit value or
more in the grid independent operation. In an applied example, the controller
35 of the generator power conditioner 3 and the controller 55 of the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 are configured to communicate with
each other. The charging-discharging power conditioner 5 is provided with a
remaining level monitor 59 configured to monitor a remaining battery level of
the storage battery 4. The controller 55 of the charging-discharging power
conditioner 5 is configured to, when the remaining battery level of the storage
battery 4 is an upper limit value or more in the grid independent operation,
switch off the first switch 36 and the second switch 37 of the generator power
conditioner 3 via the controller 35, thereby stopping the generator power
conditioner 3 outputting electric power to a feed line (the grid-connected feed
line 7 and the grid-independent feed line 8).
[0117] Other configurations and functions of the embodiment are analogous to
those in the first embodiment.
[01181 Incidentally, the constructions of charging-discharging power
conditioner 5 in the first to third embodiment and that in the fourth
embodiment are the same, although the generator power conditioners 3 in the
first to third embodiments perform the MPPT control in the grid independent
operation and (on the other hand) the generator power conditioner 3 in the
fourth embohment performs the constant voltage control in the grid
independent operation. However, it is notable that, in the fourth embodiment,
the target value (the second target value) for the constant voltage control of the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 should be set smaller than the target
value (the first target value) for the constant voltage control of the generator
power conditioner 3.
[O119] In view of the above circumstance, the charging-discharging power
conditioner 5 preferably includes: an operator (not shown) formed of such as a
DIP switch; and a selector 58 (see FIG. 7) configured to switch a setting value
of the target value in accordance with an operation of the operator, so that the
target value can be changed in accordance with the operator. With this
configuration, the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 can be operated
together with any of the generator power conditioners 3 by changing the target
value depending on the type of the generator power conditioner 3. In detail,
when the target value of the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 is set to
a first setting value which is predetermined according to a load 9, the
charging-discharging power conditioner 5 can cooperate with such the
generator power conditioner 3 that is configured to perform the MPPT control
in the grid independent operation for forming a power supply system 1. On
the other hand, when the target value of the charging-discharging power
conditioner 5 is set to a second setting value (second target value) which is
smaller than the first target value, the charging-discharging power conditioner
5 can cooperates with such the generator power conditioner 3 that is configured
to perform the constant voltage control in the grid independent operation for
forming a power supply system 1.
[0120] The selector 58 may be configured to automatically select the target
value in accordance with an output from the generator power conditioner 3 to
the grid-independent feed line 8 when the grid independent operation is
started. In detail, the charging-discharging power conditioner 5 may include a
detector (not shown) configured to detect a voltage of a junction of the second
switch 57 and the second output terminal 52; and judge a control scheme of the
generator power conditioner 3 in accordance with a detected voltage (detected
result) by the detector when the grid independent operation is started. Note
that the selector 58 may be configured to determine that the control scheme of
the generator power conditioner 3 is: the constant voltage control if the detector
detects a presence of a voltage under a condition where the second switch 57 is
switched off (opened) when the grid independent operation is started; and the
MPPT control if the detector does not detect the voltage under this condition.
[012'1] For performing the MPPT control, the generator power conhtioner 3
needs to be configured to gradually increase the applying voltage on the
40
grid-independent feed line 8 when the grid independent operation is started,
because the generator power conditioner 3 needs to search the optimum point
(maximum power point). On the other hand, for performing the constant
voltage control, the generator power conditioner 3 applies a predetermined
voltage (the first target value) on the grid-independent feed line 8 even when
the grid independent operation is started. Therefore, the control scheme of
the generator power conditioner 3 can be judged by a presence or an absence of
a voltage applied on the grid-independent feed line 8 from the generator power
conditioner 3 when the grid independent operation is started.
Claims
1. A power supply system comprising:
a generator power conditioner configured to switch between a grid
connecting operation and a grid independent operation, the generator power
conditioner being configured to carry out power conversion of a solar battery
and to coordinate with a power grid in the grid connecting operation, the
generator power conditioner being configured to be disconnected from the
power grid in the grid independent operation; and
a charging-discharging power conditioner connected to a
grid-independent feed line which serves as a power supply line for the
generator power conditioner in the grid independent operation,
wherein the charging-discharging power conditioner comprises:
a charge-discharge circuit configured to charge and discharge a
storage battery;
a voltage sensor configured to sense a voltage of the
grid-independent feed line; and
a controller configured to control the charge-discharge circuit so
as to maintain the sensed voltage by the voltage sensor at a predetermined
target value in the grid independent operation, and
wherein the controller is configured to control the charge-discharge
circuit to: charge the storage battery by electric power supplied through the
grid-independent feed line when the sensed voltage is greater than the target
value; and supply electric power from the storage battery to the
grid-independent feed line when the sensed voltage is smaller than the target
value.
2. The power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the generator
power conditioner is configured to perform, in the grid independent operation, a
maximum power point tracking control so as to maximize output power of the
solar battery.
3. The power supply system according to claim 1,
wherein the generator power conditioner is configured to perform, in
the grid independent operation, a constant voltage control so as to maintain an
output voltage thereof to the grid-independent feed line at a first target value,
wherein the charging-discharging power conditioner is configured to
control the charge-discharge circuit so as to maintain the sensed voltage by the
voltage sensor at a second target value as the target value, and
wherein the second target value is set smaller than the first target
value.
4. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
wherein the target value has a predetermined range, and
wherein the controller is configured to control the charge-discharge
circuit to: charge the storage battery by electric power supplied through the
grid-independent feed line when the sensed voltage is greater than an upper
limit of the target value; supply electric power from the storage battery to the
grid-independent feed line when the sensed voltage is smaller than a lower
limit of the target value; and cause the charge-discharge circuit to stop when
the sensed voltage is within the upper limit and the lower limit of the target
value.
5. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
wherein the charging-discharging power conditioner is configured to stop the
generator power conditioner outputting electric power to the grid-independent
feed line when a remaining battery level of the storage battery is a
predetermined upper limit value or more in the grid independent operation.
6. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
wherein the charging-discharging power conditioner further comprises a
selector configured to switch the target value between a first setting value and
a second setting value.
7. The power supply system according to claim 6, wherein the selector
43
is configured to automatically switch the target value between the first setting
value and the second setting value in accordance with an output from the
generator power conditioner to the grid-independent feed line in a starting time
of the grid independent operation.
8. A charging-discharging power conditioner, adapted to be connected to
a grid-independent feed line which is configured to be connected to a generator
power conditioner configured to switch between a grid connecting operation in
which the generator power conditioner carries out power conversion of a solar
battery to coordinate with a power grid and a grid independent operation in
which the generator power conditioner is disconnected from the power grid,
and which serves as a power supply line for the generator power conhtioner in
the grid independent operation, the charging-discharging power conditioner
comprising:
a charge-discharge circuit configured to charge and hscharge a storage
battery;
a voltage sensor configured to sense a voltage of the grid-independent
feed line; and
a controller configured to control the charge-discharge circuit so as to
maintain the sensed voltage by the voltage sensor at a predetermined target
value in the grid independent operation,
wherein the controller is configured to control the charge-discharge
circuit to: charge the storage battery by electric power supplied through the
grid-independent feed line when the sensed voltage is greater than the target
value; and supply electric power &om the storage battery to the
grid-independent feed line when the sensed voltage is smaller than the target
value.
9. The charging-discharging power conditioner according to claim 8,
further comprising a selector configured to switch the target value between a
first setting value and a second setting value,
wherein the selector is configured to automatically switch the target
value between the first setting value and the second setting value in
accordance with an output from the generator power conditioner to the
grid-independent feed line in a starting time of the grid independent operation.