Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a pressure relief system. More particularly, the present invention discloses a spatiotemporal pressure-distributing system that operates with the help of a translating cam-follower mechanism designed for bedridden users, suffering from pressure ulceration or bed sores.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A considerable portion of the healthcare population experiences periods of immobility, particularly among older adults. This lack of movement can lead to a cascade of detrimental effects, including a decline in muscle mass and bone mineral density, ultimately culminating in significant physical impairment. However, one of the most concerning complications associated with immobility is the development of pressure injuries (PIs), also known as bedsores, pressure ulcers, or decubitus ulcers.

PIs are localized areas of tissue damage that arise on the skin and underlying soft tissue due to prolonged exposure to pressure, friction, or shear forces. These forces are often concentrated at specific contact points between the body and external surfaces, such as when lying in bed, sitting in a wheelchair for extended periods, or even wearing a cast. Individuals with compromised health, particularly those with diabetes, circulatory problems, or poor nutrition, are at a heightened risk of developing PIs.

The most common locations for PI development include the buttocks, heels, shoulder blades, back of the head, and the backs and sides of the knees, corresponding to areas of high-pressure during periods of immobility. The underlying cause of PI formation is a disruption in blood flow to the affected skin area, typically exceeding a critical duration of 2-3 hours. This impaired blood flow leads to tissue hypoxia (oxygen deprivation) and ischemia (lack of oxygen and nutrients), ultimately resulting in cell death and tissue breakdown. Furthermore, friction and shear forces can exacerbate PI development by directly damaging skin cells and disrupting blood supply. Being bedridden, unconscious, or immobile puts one at risk of getting a bed sore. The danger rises if the person stays immobile for a long time, is not positioned correctly, or is not supplied with the proper nutrients.

Bedsores can be avoided to a large extent by regularly inspecting the skin for redness, particularly near the bones. The patient can be made to sit straight and upright in a wheelchair and change positions every 15 minutes, with soft cushions in wheelchairs and beds to relieve pressure, keep the skin clean and dry, and provide adequate nutrition. Anti-bed sore and massage beds have existed for a while. The most traditional method was the use of waterbeds, and it has evolved a lot from waterbeds to a lot more sophisticated structure.

Reference is made to patent document US20190104860A1, titled as “Computer-Shaped Motion Bed Systems and Methods” published on 11th March 2019. Which discloses a sensor-based system to identify the body position and works based on a feedback loop. The said system requires electricity, at least a computer, however said machine cannot be operated manually if electricity is not available.

Another Reference is made to patent document US20210307534A1, titled as “Automated Bed and Method of Operation and Thereof” by inventors Krenik Matthew W, Krenik Matthew W. The said document discloses a mechanical bed system which uses grid like top layers, connected to each actuator. Said system is a sensor-based system to identify the load points and requires a microcontroller to process the data. Each grid point is connected to pneumatic or hydraulic actuators, which need to be operated by the microcontroller. The said system is complicated, costly and only works with electricity.

Another reference is made to patent document US4799276A, titled as” Body Rest with Means for Preventing Pressure Sores” by inventor Kadish Ehud, discloses an electrical-mechanical system, which uses a grid like bed and each grid elements are connected to pistons of pneumatic cylinders. Said system also uses micro controllers to selectively operate the pneumatic valves, compressed air storage tank and compressors, which makes said system costly and manually non-operable.

Existing inventions in this field have not fully utilized design assemblies to achieve precise solutions. Further, existing state of the arts discloses hydraulic and pneumatic beds, while offering some pressure relief. These beds can be bulky, complex, or require additional air sources, which increases cost and provides limited portability.

In order to obviate the drawbacks of the existing state of the art, there is a pressing need for a simple mechanical design, to cater pressure relief for users suffering from pressure ulcers. Said system should be capable of prioritizing portability and offering both electrical and manual operation to work remote areas, with efficient pressure distribution to aid bedridden patients.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
In order to overcome the shortcomings in the existing state of the art the main object of the present invention is to provide a pressure relief system for patients suffering from pressure ulcers.

Yet another objective of the invention is to provide a biomechanical bed capable of manually and electrically operable functionality.

Yet another objective of the invention is to provide portable and cost-effective solutions to cater to the needs of bedridden patients.
Yet another objective of the invention is to provide a system capable of easy disassembly and reassembly.

Yet another objective of the invention is to provide a system insensitive of external temperature variation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention discloses a pressure relief system (S) to help users (U) suffering from bedsores, ranging from mild to severe. The core of said system (S) lies in a cam-follower mechanism that generates a reciprocating motion. This motion periodically shifts pressure points on said user's body throughout use.

Said system (S) comprises several key components such as double ended follower’s (RF) connects to the top end connected to cushioned layer. The design of the double ended follower (RF) influences the pressure distribution on the user's body at contact points. System comprises translating cams (TC), with a specific profile like sine waves, dictates the follower's displacement. Multiple translating cams (PTC) reside within a grooved base plate (RFG), guiding their movement along its length. External linear actuation applied to a secondary cam (STC) drives the reciprocating motion of these translating cams (TC). Spherical-faced followers (F) positioned above said primary translating cams (PTC) translate said cam's rotation into vertical movement.

Said system (S) functions by applying external linear actuation to the secondary cam (STC). This, in turn, causes the translating cams to move back and forth within said grooved base plate (RFG). Said followers grid (RF), positioned above these translating cams (PTC), undergo a corresponding vertical reciprocating motion within a cylindrical channel, ensuring movement is restricted to a single vertical axis. Each translating cam (TC) mechanism incorporates spring loading for three purposes: returning the cam to its starting position, absorbing shock during operation, and providing smoother movement by reducing vibrations.

This design offers potential benefits for individuals with bedsores by periodically shifting pressure points on the body, potentially reducing pressure build-up and promoting tissue health. Additionally, the use of a simple mechanical design suggests ease of use and maintenance.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Figure 1 depicts system(S) in stationary position.
Figure 2 depicts system (S) in translatory motion.
Figure 3 depicts the top view of the system (S) in arrangement 2.
Figure 4 depicts the isometric view of the system (S) in arrangement 1.
Figure 5 depicts a single follower- translating cam mechanism.
Figure 6 depicts displacements in individual primary translating cams (PTC).
Figure 7 depicts the complete assembly of the proposed pressure relief system

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION WITH ILLUSTRATIONS AND EXAMPLES
While the invention has been disclosed with reference to certain embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made, and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt to a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from its scope.

Throughout the specification and claims, the following terms take the meanings explicitly associated herein unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The meaning of “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural references. Additionally, a reference to the singular includes a reference to the plural unless otherwise stated or inconsistent with the disclosure herein.

Table 1: Legend of Reference numerals
S.no. Item description Reference numerals
1. System S
2. Double ended follower RF
3. Drive followers DF
4. Translating cam TC
5. Primary translating cams PTC
6. Secondary translating cams STC
7. Cushion CRF
8. Grooved base plate RFG
9. Spherical shaped motion receptor RFS
10. Springs SP
11. Actuators A
12. Follower grid FG
13. Holding plate HP

The present invention discloses a pressure relief bed system (S), designed to aid individuals suffering from bedsores or pressure ulcers. Said system (S) utilizes a cam-follower mechanism to achieve a reciprocating motion for the follower array (FG), periodically shifting pressure points in one dimensional and two dimensional on the user's body.

Basic components involved in said system (S) are elaborated below:

The term “Double-Ended Follower” (RF) or “follower” used in this specification referred to as cylindrical shaped rod or pipe. This follower (RF) has attachments at both ends. The top layer/one end connects to a cushion (CRF) made from soft materials, with various shapes possible (e.g., square). The bottom end features a spherical-shaped motion receptor (RFS).

The term “Follower Grid (FG)” or “Follower Array” or “Follower matrix” used in this specification referred to as multiple double-ended followers (RF) arranged in a matrix-like structure across the x and y axes. These followers (RF) can be connected in series and parallel to achieve the desired matrix configuration. The connections allow for vertical reciprocating motion when the secondary translating cam (STC) is actuated by actuators (A). Said follower grid (FG) is arranged to move along with surface of primary translating cam (PTC). Said primary translating cam (PTC) in said system (S) are connected and driven by motion generated on adjacent secondary translating cam (STC).

The term “Drive followers” are cylindrical shaped doubled ended followers with one end attached to spherical shape motion receptors (RFS). Said drive followers (DF) positioned between said secondary translating cam (STC) and primary translating cam (PTC). Said drive followers’ (DF) connection to the said cams may differ depending on arrangement 1 (one-dimensional pressure variation) or arrangement 2 (two-dimensional pressure variation).

The common plate that holding all followers together in middle. The common plate that holds all the followers is part of the bed itself. The common plate and the Holding plate (HP) are the same. Figure 4 and Figure 7 provide an overall view of the bed. The top surface of the bed has an array of holes through which the followers oscillate vertically. Thus, the top surface of the bed (Holding plate) keeps the followers constrained allowing only oscillatory motion in the vertical direction. Holding plate (top surface of the bed) and the grooved base plate can be fixed to the bed. Please refer Figure 7.

The term “Grooved Base Plate (RFG)” used in this specification referred to as plate serves as foundation of said bed, housing the primary translating cams (PTC). It connects to springs (SP) at one end for shock absorption and vibration reduction. With some variations, depending upon the arrangements, the other end is connected to drive followers (DF).

The term “Springs (SP)” used in this specification referred to as elastic element stores mechanical energy and releases it. Plurality of spring (SP) used in this invention, are connected with grooved base plate (RFG) and utilized for shock absorption, vibration reduction, and smoother movement of the primary translating cams (PTC).

The term “Translating Cams (TC)” used in this specification are elements with specific profiles that dictate the vertical displacement of the follower (RF) resting upon them. A cam is a mechanical device used to transmit motion to a follower (RF) by direct contact. The driver is called cam and driven member is called the follower. The design can have a provision such that if we replace the cams with cams of different profiles, we can achieve a variety of movement patterns according to our needs. The cams can be taken out through the grooved base plate and a different one can be inserted. (Like a cartridge). Accordingly, the profile of the cam can be varied to achieve different movement patterns.

The term “Primary Translating Cam (PTC)” used in this specification are multiple cams that reside within the grooves of said base plate (RFG) and interact with the follower matrix (FG).

The term “Secondary Translating Cam (STC)” used in this specification is a specific type of translating cam that has a sinusoidal profile which oscillates horizontally. Said secondary translating cam (STC) drives the primary translating cam (PTC) with help of modified follower (RF). This oscillation creates a phase difference between the primary cams, resulting in two-dimensional pressure variation.

The term “Actuator” (A) used in this specification referred to as component or unit or machine that generates controlled force, torque, or displacement (linear or rotary) to drive both flat or sinusoidal profile of secondary translating cam (STC).

The following detailed description provides insights into each component of this system:

The present invention offers two arrangements:
? Arrangement 1: This arrangement utilizes a flat secondary cam (STC) profile as shown in Figure 3. All primary translating cams (PTC) undergo unified reciprocating motion without any phase difference, resulting in pressure variation only along the bed's length (l).
? Arrangement 2: This arrangement replaces the flat secondary cam with a cam having a sinusoidal profile as shown in Figure 4. This profile induces a phase difference between adjacent primary cams (PTC) when said secondary cam (STC) oscillates horizontally. This generates a two-dimensional pressure variation pattern across length (l) and width (w) of the said bed surface.
Arrangement 1 focuses on one-dimensional pressure variation along the length of said bed system (S). Said arrangement 1, utilizes a set of primary translating cams (PTC) housed within designated tracks of a grooved base plate (RFG) that forms the foundation of the bed. The guided motion of these primary cams (PTC) is restricted to moving back and forth (reciprocate) only along the length (l) of the bed due to the grooves in the base plate (RFG).

To ensure all said primary cams (PTC) undergo this reciprocating motion in unison, a flat secondary cam (STC) is employed. This flat profile essentially acts as a linear guide for the primary cams (PTC) within their grooves. As a result, all the primary cams (PTC) move together without any difference in timing (phase difference) between them. This translates to follower array (FG) positioned across the bed's width experiencing the same reciprocating motion. Consequently, there is no variation in pressure intensity across the width of the bed, as depicted in Figure 4.

The flat secondary cam (STC) can be operated by a simple mechanism like a slider crank or even manually at regular intervals. During operation, when the primary cams (PTC) move, they compress springs (SP) strategically attached to said base plate (RFG). These springs play a crucial role:
? When the cams return to their starting position, said springs provide the restoring force.
? They also absorb any shock generated during the movement.
? The reciprocating motion of the primary cams (PTC) creates undulations in the top layer of the cushion. These undulations are transferred to the area where the user lies, causing a periodic variation in pressure intensity at the contact points.

This spatiotemporal meaning considering both space and time, localized pressure distribution across the user's body is believed to offer therapeutic benefits. Figure 4 illustrates the alternating pressure distribution pattern generated by a single actuation cycle of said system (S).

Arrangement 2 introduces a different approach, achieving two-dimensional pressure variation.

Said arrangement 2, replaces the flat secondary cam (STC) of arrangement 1 with a translating cam featuring a wave-like (sinusoidal) profile. This secondary cam (STC) oscillates back and forth in a horizontal plane. The driving follower (F) between primary translating cams (PTC), and secondary translating cam (STC) are modified. When secondary cam (STC) oscillates horizontally, its wave-like profile induces a reciprocating motion in the follower (RF) of the primary cams, also in the horizontal plane, as depicted in Figure 3.

However, due to the wave-like profile of said secondary cam (STC), there is a crucial difference in this arrangement. The timing of the reciprocating motion for each primary cam (PTC) is not identical. Said reciprocating motion with time delay produces phase difference between the movement of said adjacent cams, as shown in Figure 6. This phase difference is based on the profile of the Secondary translating cam (STC) as shown in Figure 3. This creates a more complex pressure variation pattern across the entire bed surface, encompassing both the length (x-axis) and width (y-axis) of the bed. This two-dimensional pressure variation is believed to be more effective in relieving pressure points on the user's body, potentially offering broader protection against bedsores.

Figure 6 depicts the displacement vs time diagram for the various Primary translating cams (PTC). Each PTC is arranged in such a way that there exist a phase difference f between the adjacent cams. This results in a variation of follower amplitudes along the width of the bed (b) as shown in Figure 3. Thus, the combined action of Primary translating cams (PTC) and Secondary translating cam (STC) results in a pressure variation in both X and Y directions.

The entire mechanism in arrangement 2 can be driven by a single actuator, simplifying the operation.
y = A sin(?t + nf)
where f (phase difference) = 20°
n ? cam number=0,1,...,8
y ? displacement of the cam
t ? time
A ? Maximum Amplitude

ADVANTAGES OF THE SYSTEM
? The present invention provides a pressure relief system that can be implemented in beds to prevent bedsores.
? Said system(S) offers two distinct arrangements, allowing for customization based on specific needs.
? The use of cams and followers enables controlled and predictable pressure variation patterns.
? Springs (SP) provide shock absorption and ensure smooth operation.
? System(S) can be operated manually, and electrically depending upon the needs.
? System(S) is portable, simple design, and insensitive to external temperature variation.

, Claims:We claim:
1. A pressure relief system (S), comprising:
? double ended follower (RF);
? grooved base plate (RFG);
? follower matrix (FG);
? holding plate (HP);
? plurality of primary translating cams (PTC);
? secondary translating cam (STC);
? drive follower (DF);
? plurality of springs (SP);
? actuator (A)
to aid users suffering from pressure ulcers.

2. The pressure relief system (S) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said system comprises plurality of cylindrical shaped double-ended follower (RF).

3. The pressure relief system (S) as claimed in claim 2, wherein said top end of said double-ended followers’ (RF) are connected to a cushion (CRF) made from soft materials, configured to generate pressure variance at contact points between said cushion (CRS) and user's body.

4. The pressure relief system (S) as claimed in claim 2, wherein said bottom end of said double-ended followers’ (RF) features spherical-shaped motion receptor (RFS) configured to receive and translate force of said primary translating cam (PTC) for vertical displacement.

5. The pressure relief system (S) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said grooved base plate (RFG) is the foundation of said bed and having horizontal designated tracks for housing plurality of said primary translating cams (PTC).
6. The pressure relief system (S) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said follower matrix (RF) comprises plurality of interconnected said double-ended followers (RF) arranged in a matrix-like structure across the x and y axes.

7. The pressure relief system (S) as claimed in claim 6, wherein said follower matrix (RF) is positioned above said plurality of primary translating cam (PTC) configured for controlled vertical movement.

8. The pressure relief system (S) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said primary translating cam (PTC) moves in sinusoidal or wave-like pattern to dictate the vertical displacement of a corresponding follower matrix (FG) resting upon it.

9. The pressure relief system (S) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said drive follower (DF) is placed between said secondary translating cam (STC) and primary translating cam (PTC).

10. The pressure relief system (S) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said secondary translating cam (STC) is operatively connected with drive follower (DF) to generate wave-like or sinusoidal pattern in said primary translating cams (PTC).

11. The pressure relief system (S) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said actuator (A) is unit or machine that generates controlled linear or rotary displacement to drive both flat or sinusoidal profile of said secondary translating cam (STC).

12. The pressure relief system (S) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said plurality of spring (SP) are connected with grooved base plate (RFG) and configured for shock absorption, vibration reduction, and smoother movement of said primary translating cams (PTC).

13. The pressure relief system (S) as claimed in claim 10, wherein said secondary translating cam (STC), profile varies in accordance with arrangement 1 and arrangement 2.

14. The pressure relief system (S) as claimed in claim 13, wherein said secondary translating cam (STC) profile in arrangement 1 is flat.

15. The pressure relief system (S) as claimed in claim 13, wherein said secondary translating cam (STC) profile in arrangement 2 is wave like or sinusoidal pattern.

16. The pressure relief system (S) as claimed in claim 14, wherein said secondary translating cam (STC) profile in arrangement 1 produces one dimensional pressure variation without phase difference along the length (l) of said bed.

17. The pressure relief system (S) as claimed in claim 15, wherein the said secondary translating cam (STC) profile in arrangement 2 produces two-dimensional pressure variation with phase difference along the length (l) and width (w) of said bed.

18. The pressure relief system (S) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said system (S) is adaptable for incorporation into various support structures, including but not limited to beds, chairs, and similar interfaces, where a user can lay down or sit for pressure relief.

Dated this the 6th day of August 2024
________________________
Daisy Sharma
IN/PA-3879
of SKS Law Associates
Attorney for the Applicant
To,
The Controller,
The Patent Office, Chennai