The present invention provides processes for the preparation of rivaroxaban and its
intermediates.
Background of the Invention
Rivaroxaban chemically is 5-chloro-N-({(5S)-2-oxo-3-[4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)
phenyl] -1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl}methyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide of Formula I .
Formula I
Rivaroxaban is used as an anti-thrombotic agent.
U.S. Patent No. 7,157,456 provides rivaroxaban and processes for its preparation.
U.S. Patent No. 8,106,192 provides a process for the preparation of N-((S)-3-
bromo-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxamide, wherein (2S)-3-
aminopropane- 1,2-diol hydrochloride is reacted with 5-chlorothiophene-2-carbonyl
chloride to provide N-((S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxamide. The
resulting compound is treated with hydrobromic acid in the presence of acetic anhydride at
60°C to 65°C, and the reaction mixture is stirred overnight to give N-((S)-3-bromo-2-
hydroxypropyl)-5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxamide, which is further converted into
rivaroxaban.
U.S. Publication No. 2010/0273789 provides a process for the preparation of 5-
chloro-N-[(2S)-oxiran-2-ylmethyl]thiophene-2-carboxamide, wherein ((S)-3-bromo-2-
hydroxypropyl)-5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxamide (50 g, 0.167 moles) is stirred with
potassium carbonate (155 g, 1.12 moles) in the presence of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran
(500 mL) for three days at room temperature to give 5-chloro-N-[(2S)-oxiran-2-
ylmethyl]thiophene-2-carboxamide.
U.S. Publication No. 2007/0066615 provides a process for the preparation of 5-
chloro-N-((2R)-2-hydroxy-3-{[4-(3-oxo-4-morpholinyl)-phenyl]amino}propyl)-2-
thiophenecarboxamide, wherein a solution of 4-(4-aminophenyl)morpholin-3-one (2.6
mmol) and 5-chloro-N-[(2S)-oxiranylmethyl]-2-thiophenecarboxamide (3.1 mmol) in
tetrahydrofuran is stirred overnight at 60°C in the presence of ytterbium(III)
trifluoromethanesulfonate to give a precipitate, which is filtered off to provide the product
in 54% yield. The remaining filtrate is concentrated and the residue obtained is purified
by preparative HPLC to provide further 38% of the product.
U.S. Publication No. 2010/0120718 provides a general method for preparing
substituted N-(3-amino-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-chloro-2-thiophenecarboxamide derivatives,
wherein 5-chloro-N-(2-oxiranylmethyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide (1.0 equivalent) is
stirred for 2 hours to 6 hours with a primary amine or aniline derivative (1.5 equivalents to
2.5 equivalents) in the presence of a solvent at room temperature or at temperatures up to
80°C. The product can be isolated from the reaction mixture by chromatography.
PCT Publication No. WO 2012/092873 provides a process for the preparation of
rivaroxaban, wherein 5-chloro-N-[(2S)-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl]thiophene-2-
carboxamide or 5-chloro-N-[(2S)-oxiran-2-ylmethyl]thiophene-2-carboxamide is treated
with substituted or unsubstituted phenyl methyl[4(3-oxo-morpholin-4-yl)phenyl]
carbamate.
The prior art processes for the preparation of rivaroxaban and/or its intermediates
involve long reaction times, make use of corrosive hydrobromic acid, and use expensive
starting materials, catalysts, and chromatography. These processes generate corrosive
hydrobromic acid as a by-product and provide products in lower yield. Accordingly, these
processes are not suitable on an industrial scale.
The present inventors have developed simple, safe, efficient, economical,
industrially feasible processes that provide rivaroxaban and its intermediates in good yield.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention provides processes for the preparation of rivaroxaban and its
intermediates.
Detailed Description of the Invention
The present invention provides processes for the preparation of rivaroxaban and its
intermediates.
A first aspect of the present invention provides a process for the preparation of 5-
chloro-N-[(2S)-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl]thiophene-2-carboxamide of Formula II
Formula II
wherein the process comprises treatin a compound of Formula III
Formula III
a salt thereof with a reactive derivative of a compound of Formula IV
Formula IV
to obtain the compound of Formula II.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a process for the preparation of
5-chloro-N-[(2S)-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl]thiophene-2-carboxamide of Formula II,
Formula II
wherein the process comprises treatin a compound of Formula III
Formula III
or a salt thereof with a compound of Formula IVa
Formula IVa
wherein R is CI, Br, or I, to obtain the compound of Formula II.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a process for the preparation of
rivaroxaban of Formula I,
Formula I
wherein the process comprises:
a) treating a compound of Formula III
Formula III
a salt thereof with a reactive derivative of a compound of Formula IV
Formula IV
to obtain a com ound of Formula II; and
Formula II
b) converting the compound of Formula II into rivaroxaban.
A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a process for the preparation of
rivaroxaban of Formula I,
Formula I
wherein the process comprises:
a) treating a compound of Formula III
Formula III
or a salt thereof with a compound of Formula IVa
Formula IVa
wherein R is CI, Br, or I, to obtain a com ound of Formula II; and
Formula II
b) converting the compound of Formula II into rivaroxaban.
A fifth aspect of the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a
compound of Formula V,
Formula V
wherein the process comprises treatin a compound of Formula II
Formula II
with a base to obtain the compound of Formula V.
A sixth aspect of the present invention provides a process for the preparation of
rivaroxaban of Formula I,
Formula I
wherein the process comprises:
a) treating a compound of Formula III
Formula III
or a salt thereof with a reactive derivative of a compound of Formula IV
Formula IV
to obtain a compound of Formula II;
Formula II
b) treating the compound of Formula II
Formula II
with a base to obtain a compound of Formula V; and
Formula V
c) converting the compound of Formula V into rivaroxaban.
A seventh aspect of the present invention provides a process for the preparation of
rivaroxaban of Formula I,
Formula I
wherein the process comprises:
a) treating a compound of Formula III
Formula III
a salt thereof with a compound of Formula IVa
Formula IVa
wherein R is CI, Br, or I, to obtain a compound of Formula II;
Formula II
b) treating the com ound of Formula II
Formula II
with a base to obtain a compound of Formula V; and
c) converting the compound of Formula V into rivaroxaban.
An eighth aspect of the present invention provides a process for the preparation of
rivaroxaban of Formula I,
Formula I
wherein the process comprises:
a) treating a compound of Formula III
Formula III
a salt thereof with a reactive derivative of a compound of Formula IV
Formula IV
to obtain a com ound of Formula II;
Formula II
b) treating the com ound of Formula II
Formula II
with a base to obtain a compound of Formula V;
Formula V
c) treating the compound of Formula V
Formula VI
to obtain a compound of Formula VII; and
Formula VII
d) converting the compound of Formula VII into rivaroxaban.
A ninth aspect of the present invention provides a process for the preparation of
rivaroxaban of Formula I,
Formula I
wherein the process comprises:
a) treating a compound of Formula III
Formula III
a salt thereof with a compound of Formula IVa
Formula IVa
wherein R is CI, Br, or I, to obtain a com ound of Formula II;
Formula II
b) treating the com ound of Formula II
Formula II
with a base to obtain a compound of Formula V;
c) treating the compound of Formula V
Formula V
with a compound of Formula VI
Formula VI
to obtain a compound of Formula VII; and
Formula VII
d) converting the compound of Formula VII into rivaroxaban.
A tenth aspect of the resent invention provides a compound of Formula II.
Formula II
An eleventh aspect of the present invention provides use of the compound of
Formula II
Formula II
for the preparation of rivaroxaban.
The compound of Formula III or salts thereof, the reactive derivative of the
compound of Formula IV, or the compound of Formula IVa, may be prepared by any
method provided in the art, for example, the methods described in U.S. Patent No.
7,157,456, U.S. Patent No. 6,107,519, or any analogous method. The salt of the
compound of Formula III, for example the hydrochloride salt of the compound of Formula
III, may also be prepared as described herein. The compound of Formula III is treated
with the reactive derivative of the compound of Formula IV, for example, 5-
chlorothiophene-2-carbonyl chloride, to obtain the compound of Formula II in a solvent.
The reactive derivative of the compound of Formula IV may be reacted with the
compound of Formula III after isolation from the reaction mixture in which it is formed, or
the reaction mixture containing the reactive derivative of the compound of Formula IV can
also be used for the reaction with the compound of Formula III. The reactive derivative of
the compound of Formula IV is reacted with the compound of Formula III in the presence
of a base. The base may be, for example, sodium bicarbonate. When a salt of the
compound of Formula III, such as the hydrochloride salt is used, it may be treated with a
base such as sodium bicarbonate prior to the reaction with the compound of Formula IV.
The molar ratio of the base and the salt of a compound of Formula III may range from
about 1:1 to about 4:1. The solvent should not interfere with the reaction, and can be
selected from the group comprising tetrahydrofuran, toluene, dichloromethane, ethyl
acetate, or mixtures thereof. The compound of Formula III is treated with the compound
of Formula IV in the solvent at about 0°C to about 35°C. The resulting mixture is stirred
for about 1 hour to about 8 hours at about 0°C to about 35°C. The compound of Formula
II may be isolated from the mixture by methods including concentration, distillation,
decantation, filtration, evaporation, centrifugation, or a combination thereof, and may
further be dried.
Further, the compound of Formula II can be converted into rivaroxaban of Formula
I by following the processes mentioned herein, or processes provided in prior art, for
example, U.S. Patent No. 8,106,192.
The compound of Formula II is treated with base in solvent to obtain the
compound of Formula V. The solvent may be 1,4-dioxane, methanol, ethanol, or their
mixtures with water. The base may be sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, calcium
carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or mixtures thereof. The base may be
used as a solid or in solution. The compound of Formula II is treated with the base at
about 0°C to about 30°C. The mixture is stirred for about 1 hour to about 8 hours at about
0°C to about 30°C. The product may be isolated from the mixture by methods including
concentration, distillation, decantation, filtration, evaporation, centrifugation, or a
combination thereof.
The compound of Formula V is treated with the compound of Formula VI in a
solvent to obtain the compound of Formula VII. The solvent may be ethanol, methanol,
tetrahydrofuran, or their mixtures with water. The mixture containing the compound of
Formula V and the compound of Formula VI is heated to reflux for about 0.5 hours to
about 6 hours. The reaction mass is cooled to a temperature of about 0°C to about 35°C
and stirred for about 0.5 hours to about 4 hours at about 0°C to about 35°C. The
compound of Formula VII may be isolated from the mixture by methods including
concentration, distillation, decantation, filtration, evaporation, centrifugation, or a
combination thereof, and may further be dried.
The compound of Formula VII is treated with 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole in a
solvent. The solvent may be dichloromethane. The mixture is stirred for about 2 hours to
about 6 hours at about 25°C to about 30°C. The compound of Formula I may be isolated
from the mixture by methods including concentration, distillation, decantation, filtration,
evaporation, centrifugation, or a combination thereof, and may further be dried.
Further, the compound of Formula V can also be converted into rivaroxaban of
Formula I by the processes provided in prior art, for example, PCT Publication No. WO
201 1/098501 or U.S. Patent No. 8,106,192.
The salt of a compound of Formula III in the present invention includes, for
example, hydrochloride salts, hydrobromide salts, sulfate salts, nitrate salts, phosphate
salts, formate salts, acetate salts, trifluoroacetate salts, methanesulfonate salts, and ptoluenesulfonate
salts.
The reactive derivative of a compound of Formula IV in the present invention
includes acid halides, acid azides, acid anhydrides, mixed acid anhydrides, active amides,
active esters, and active thio esters. Examples of reactive derivatives include acid
chloride, acid amide of a free acid, di-ethoxyphosphoric acid ester, p-nitrophenyl ester,
cyanomethyl ester, pentachlorophenyl ester, N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, imidazolyl ester,
N-hydroxy phthalimide ester, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole ester, 6-chloro- 1-
hydroxybenzotriazole ester, 1-hydroxy- lH-2-pyridone ester, 2-pyridylthiol ester, and 2-
benzothiazolylthiol ester.
The term "about", as used herein, when used along with values assigned to certain
measurements and parameters means a variation of up to 10% from such values, or in case
of a range of values, means up to a 10% variation from both the lower and upper limits of
such ranges.
The term "ambient temperature", as used herein, refers to a temperature in the
range ofO°C to 35°C.
While the present invention has been described in terms of its specific
embodiments, certain modifications and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the
art, and are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
EXAMPLES
Example 1: Preparation of (2S)-l-amino-3-chloropropan-2-ol hydrochloride (Formula III)
A solution of benzaldehyde (50 g, 0.540 moles) in ethanol (100 mL) was cooled to
15°C, and aqueous ammonia (25%, 57.4 mL) was added drop wise over 15 minutes to 20
minutes. Ethanol (25 mL) was added to the mixture. The mixture was stirred at 15°C to
20°C for 15 minutes to 20 minutes. (S)-Epichlorohydrin (50 g, 0.540 moles) and ethanol
(50 mL) were added. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 40°C and stirred for 1
hour at 15°C to 40°C. The reaction mixture was again stirred at 35°C to 40°C for 6 hours,
cooled to 25°C to 30°C, and further stirred for 12 hours. The solution was concentrated to
dryness under vacuum at 50°C to 55°C. Ethanol (50 mL) was added to the oil obtained,
and the mixture was concentrated under vacuum at 50°C to 55°C. Toluene (125 mL) was
added to the oil obtained, and the mixture was heated to 35°C to 40°C. Aqueous
hydrochloric acid (6.8 N, 129.5 mL) was added to the solution at 35°C to 40°C and stirred
for 2 hours. The reaction mass was cooled to 25°C to 30°C, and the aqueous layer was
separated. The organic layer was extracted with water (50 mL). The combined aqueous
layers were concentrated under vacuum at 70°C to 75°C to get a semisolid material. The
semisolid material was charged with ethanol (25 mL) and heated to 60°C to 65°C to get a
clear solution. The solution was first cooled to 25°C to 30°C and then to -20°C. The
slurry obtained was stirred for 1 hour at -20°C. The slurry was filtered and suck dried.
The wet solid was dried at 45°C to 50°C under vacuum.
Yield = 31.5 g (50%)
Example 2 : Preparation of 5-chloro-N4(2S)-3-chloro-2-hvdroxypropyl1thiophene-2-
carboxamide (Formula II)
Sodium bicarbonate ( 11.1 g, 0.132 moles) was added to a solution of (2S)- 1-
amino-3-chloropropan-2-ol hydrochloride (Formula III - 15 g, 0.102 moles) in
tetrahydrofuran (45 mL) and deionized water (90 mL) at ambient temperature. The
mixture was stirred at 25°C to 30°C for 10 minutes to 15 minutes. The mixture was
cooled to 15°C and a solution of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carbonyl chloride (a reactive
derivative of Formula IV, or Formula IVa, wherein R = CI) (24 g, 0.132 moles) in toluene
(22.5 mL) was added at 10°C to 15°C over 30 minutes to 35 minutes. The mixture was
stirred at 10°C to 15°C for 2 hours, and the reaction mass was heated to 25°C to 30°C.
The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with toluene (45
mL). The combined organic layers were concentrated in vacuum at 45°C to 50°C to get a
brown colored solid. The solid was suspended in toluene (75 mL). The suspension was
heated to 45°C to 50°C and stirred at 45°C to 50°C for 15 minutes. The mixture was
cooled to 25°C to 30°C, and stirred at 25°C to 30°C for 2 hours. The slurry obtained was
filtered, washed with toluene (10 mL), and the wet solid was dried at 50°C to 55°C under
vacuum.
Yield = 19.0 g (75%)
Melting Point = 107°C to 109°C
MS (m/z) = 254
Example 3 : Preparation of 5-chloro-N - (2S)-oxiran-2-ylmethyllthiophene-2-carboxamide
(Formula V)
A solution of 5-chloro-N-[(2S)-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl]thiophene-2-
carboxamide (Formula II - 5.0 g, 0.0196 moles) in methanol (20 mL) was cooled to 0°C to
5°C, and a solution of sodium hydroxide (0.787 g, 0.0196 moles) in deionized water (20
mL) was added at 0°C to 10°C. The mixture was stirred for 5 hours at 0°C to 5°C. The
reaction mass was concentrated at 50°C to 55°C under vacuum. The residue obtained was
suspended in dichloromethane (30 mL), and the solution was washed with deionized water
(35 mL). The organic layer was separated and concentrated under vacuum at 35°C to
40°C to obtain the title compound.
Yield = 3.5 g (80%)
Example 4 : Preparation of 5-chloro-N-r(2R)-2-hvdroxy-3- {r4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)
phenyll amino}propyHthiophene-2-carboxamide (Formula VII)
4-Aminophenyl morpholinone-3-one (Formula VI - 1.76 g, 0.00914 moles) was
added to a solution of 5-chloro-N-[(2S)-oxiran-2-ylmethyl]thiophene-2-carboxamide
(Formula V - 2 g, 0.00919 moles) in ethanol (31.5 mL) and deionized water (3.5 mL) at
ambient temperature. The mixture was allowed to heat to 70°C to 75°C and stirred for 4
hours at 70°C to 75°C. The reaction mixture was cooled to 15°C, and the slurry obtained
was stirred for 1 hour at 15°C to 20°C. The slurry was filtered and suck dried. The wet
solid was dried under vacuum at 40°C to 45°C.
Yield = 2.9 g (77%)
Example 5 : Preparation of 5-chloro-N-({(5S)-2-oxo-3-r4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl1-
l,3-oxazolidin-5-yl}methyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide (rivaroxaban of Formula I)
1,1-Carbonyldiimidazole (0.35 g, 0.00216 moles) was added to a solution of 5-
chloro-N- [(2R)-2-hydroxy-3 -{[4-(3 -oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl] amino}propyl]thiophene-
2-carboxamide (Formula VII - 0.5 g, 0.00121 moles) in dichloromethane (7.5 mL). The
mixture was stirred for 3 hours at 25°C to 30°C. The slurry of the reaction mass was
filtered, washed with dichloromethane (2.0 mL), and the wet solid was dried at 40°C to
45°C under vacuum.
Yield = 0.45 g (85%)

We Claim:
1. A process for the preparation of 5-chloro-N-[(2S)-3-chloro-2-
hydroxypropyl]thiophene-2-carboxamide of Formula II,
Formula II
wherein the process comprises treatin a compound of Formula III
Formula III
or a salt thereof with a reactive derivative of a compound of Formula IV.
Formula IV
2. A process for the preparation of rivaroxaban of Formula I,
Formula I
wherein the process comprises:
a) treating a compound of Formula III
Formula III
or a salt thereof with a reactive derivative of a compound of Formula IV
Formula IV
to obtain a com ound of Formula II; and
Formula II
b) converting the compound of Formula II into rivaroxaban.
3. A process for the preparation of rivaroxaban of Formula I,
Formula I
wherein the process comprises:
a) treating a compound of Formula III
Formula III
or a salt thereof with a reactive derivative of a compound of Formula IV
Formula IV
to obtain a compound of Formula II;
Formula II
b) treating the com ound of Formula II
Formula II
with a base to obtain a compound of Formula V;
Formula V
c) treating the compound of Formula V
Formula V
with a compound of Formula VI
Formula VI
to obtain a compound of Formula VII; and
Formula VII
d) converting the compound of Formula VII into rivaroxaban.
4. A process for the preparation of rivaroxaban of Formula I,
Formula I
wherein the process comprises:
a) treating a compound of Formula III
Formula III
or a salt thereof with a reactive derivative of a compound of Formula IV
Formula IV
to obtain a com ound of Formula II;
Formula II
b) treating the compound of Formula II
Formula II
with a base to obtain a compound of Formula V; and
Formula V
c) converting the compound of Formula V into rivaroxaban.
5. A process for the preparation of a compound of Formula V,
Formula V
wherein the process comprises treatin a compound of Formula II
Formula II
with a base to obtain the compound of Formula V.
6. The process according to claims 3 to 5, wherein the compound of Formula II is
treated with base in a solvent selected from 1,4-dioxane, methanol, ethanol, or their
mixtures with water.
7. The process according to claims 3 to 6, wherein the base is selected from sodium
carbonate, potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium
hydroxide, or a mixture thereof.
8. The process according to claims 1to 4, wherein the compound of Formula III is
treated with the reactive derivative of the compound of Formula IV in a solvent selected
from tetrahydrofuran, toluene, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, or a mixture thereof.
9. The process according to claims 1 to 4 or 8, wherein the compound of Formula III
is treated with the reactive derivative of the compound of Formula IV in the presence of
sodium bicarbonate.
10. The process according to claims 1 to 4, 8, or 9, wherein the reactive derivative of
the compound of Formula IV is 5-chlorothiophene-2-carbonyl chloride, 5-
chlorothiophene-2-carbonyl bromide or 5-chlorothiophene-2-carbonyl iodide.
11. The process according to claim 3, wherein the compound of Formula V is treated
with the compound of Formula VI in a solvent selected from ethanol, methanol,
tetrahydrofuran, or their mixture with water.
12. The process according to claim 3, wherein the compound of Formula VII is treated
with 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole in dichloromethane.
13. A compound of Formula II.
Formula II