Process for the production of detergent composition particles
TECHNICAL FIELD
This application claims priority to international application No. PCT/EP2014/062007 filed June 10, 2014, the whole content of this application being incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.
The invention relates to a process for the production of detergent composition particles comprising sodium carbonate laden by incorporation of at least one detergent compound. TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
Detergent compositions usually comprise many compounds, such as bleaching agents, bleaching agent activators, various surfactants, enzymes, colorants, fragrances, antifoaming agents, antisoiling agents, corrosion inhibitors, etc. Some of these compounds are in the liquid or pasty state at ambient temperature.- Z6 -
CLAIMS
1. A process for the production of detergent composition particles comprising sodium carbonate laden by incorporation of at least one detergent compound wherein at least one detergent compound is brought into contact in the liquid state with reactive particles comprising at least 60% by weight of sodium carbonate, the contacting giving rise to the at least partial incorporation thereof into the reactive particles, said reactive particles having been obtained by a process wherein particles based on sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate and/or Wegscheider's salt having a median particle size Dsoof less than 25 urn, preferably of less than 20 urn, are brought into contact with a stream of hot gases having a temperature above 80°C, preferably above 100°C, in order to convert the sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate and/or Wegscheider's salt into sodium carbonate by calcination, the stream of hot gases comprising calcined particles subsequently being subjected to a separation stage in order to obtain, on the one hand, the reactive particles and, on the other hand, a separated stream of hot gases comprising CO2 and steam, the separated stream of hot gases being at least partly recycled in the process upstream of the separation stage.
2. The process as claimed in the preceding claim, wherein the reactive particles have a BET specific surface area of more than 4 m /g.
3. The process as claimed in either of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one detergent compound is selected from: polymers that are liquid or pasty at ambient temperature, liquid solutions of polymers, preferably aqueous solutions of polycarboxylates, fragrances, oils, nonionic, anionic or cationic surfactants, and mixtures thereof.
4. The process as claimed in the preceding claim, wherein the nonionic surfactants may be obtained by ethoxylation of C12-C18 alcohols using 3 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
5. The process as claimed in claim 3, wherein the aqueous pastes of anionic surfactants are selected from linear alkylbenzene sulfonates of sodium, sulfates of primary or secondary CI 2-C18 alcohols, sulfonates of olefins,

sulfonates of alkanes, fatty acid ester sulfonates and fatty acid soaps, and mixtures thereof.
6. The process as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein the stream of hot gases has a temperature above I30°C.
7. The process as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein the time elapsed between the contacting and the end of the separation stage is less than 30 minutes.
8. The process as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein the particles based on sodium bicarbonate have a median particle size D^oof less than 35 u,m, preferably of less than 30 pm.
9. The process as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein the stream of hot gases comprises at least 40% by weight of CO2.
10. The process as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein the
particles based on sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate and/or
Wegschcidcr's salt and are obtained by grinding particles comprising sodium
bicarbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate and/or Wegschcidcr's salt and having
a particle size D50 of greater than 60 urn and a particle size D90 of greater than
100 urn.
11. The process as claimed in the preceding claim, wherein the grinding is carried out in an impact mill.
12. The process as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein the particles based on sodium bicarbonate comprise ground crude bicarbonate particles from an ammonia-soda plant.
13. The process as claimed in either of Claims 10 and 11, wherein the separated stream of hot gases is recycled upstream of the grinding stage.
14. A detergent composition particle obtainable by the process according to anyone of claims 1 to 13, comprising more than 50%, advantageously at least 55%, more advantageously at least 57%, even more advantageously at least 60%, even more advantageously at least 65%, and even more advantageously at least 66% by weight of detergent compound.

15. The detergent composition particle according to claim 14, wherein the detergent compound is an anionic surfactant selected from the list of: linear alkylbenzenesulfonic acids, linear aikylbenzene sulfonates of sodium, sulfates of primary or secondary CI 2-C18 alcohols, sulfonates of olefins, sulfonates of alkanes. fatty acid ester sulfonates and fatty acid soaps, and mixtures thereof.
16. The use of the detergent composition particle according to claims 14 or 15, in a powdered detergent formulation or in a detergent formulation in tablet form.

Moreover, when the detergent compositions are in the form of particles, it is essential that they can flow freely, without forming agglomerates with each other. The presence of liquid or pasty compounds therefore poses a problem.
It is known to add to detergent compositions a carrier, the role of which is to incorporate, for example by absorption, the liquid or pasty compounds, for example by heating them. Alter incorporation into the carrier, which itself is solid and not sticky at ambient temperature, the liquid or pasty compounds no longer pose difficulties for the production of detergent composition particles.
Such a known carrier is sodium carbonate. For example, light soda ash (light sodium carbonate) obtained by calcination of ammoniacal crude bicarbonate in a rotary dryer makes it possible to absorb around 35% of ionic or nonionic surfactants. FR 2224407 describes porous sodium carbonate granules of 150 to 1500 um that can absorb from 41% to 47% of nonionic surfactant. WO 98/55399 describes a porous sodium carbonate in the form of particles having mean diameters of from 30 to 80 urn that make it possible to absorb 44% of non¬ionic surfactant.
US5198145 describes detergent formulations prepared by absorbing up to 100% non-ionic liquid surfactant on absorptive soda ash derived from dehydration of sodium carbonate decahydrate. Though the described process for

obtaining the absorptive soda ash needs high quantity of energy to remove 10 molecules of water per molecule of soda ash, corresponding to ] .7 tons of water per ton of soda ash.
Described in WO 2011/061044 are detergent particles comprising habit modified sodium carbonate obtained by spray drying a diluted solution of sodium carbonate and a polymer. The cost of such a sodium carbonate is however high due to the energy needed for spray drying, and the improvement in its properties is moderate.
The invention aims to produce detergent composition particles, comprising compounds that are liquid or pasty at ambient temperature, produced from reactive particles having a high absorption capacity for detergent compounds, having good flow properties, and this being achieved in consuming less energy, and needing smaller size equipment, therefore being also more economical and having a reduced environmental footprint compared to known art. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Consequently, the invention relates to a process for the production of detergent composition particles comprising sodium carbonate laden by incorporation of at least one detergent compound wherein at least one detergent compound is brought into contact in the liquid state with reactive particles comprising at least 60% by weight of sodium carbonate and preferably having a BET specific surface area of greater than 4 m"/g. the contacting giving rise to the at least partial incorporation thereof into the reactive particles, said reactive particles having been obtained by a process wherein particles based on sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate and/or Wegscheider's salt having a median particle size Dsoof less than 25 urn, preferably of less than 20 pm, are brought into contact with a stream of hot gases having a temperature above 80°C, preferably above 100°C, in order to convert the sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate and/or Wegscheider's salt into sodium carbonate by calcination, the stream of hot gases comprising calcined particles subsequently being subjected to a separation stage in order to obtain, on the one hand, the reactive particles and, on the other hand, a separated stream of hot gases comprising COo and steam, the separated stream of hot gases being recycled in the process upstream of the separation stage.
Indeed, it has been surprisingly observed that reactive particles comprising at least 60% by weight of sodium carbonate obtainable from particles based on sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate and/or Wegscheider's salt,

when having a median particle size Dsoof Jess than 35 um, preferably less than 30 um or less than 25 um and when they are brought into contact with a stream of hot gases having a temperature above 80°C, preferably above 100°C, in order to calcine the sodium bicarbonate and/or sesquicarbonate and/or Wegscheider's salt into sodium carbonate, and when the calcined particles is subsequently subjected to a separation stage in order to obtain, on the one hand, the reactive particles and, on the other hand, a separated stream of hot gases comprising CO2 and steam, the separated stream of hot gases being recycled in the process upstream of the separation stage, make it possible to obtain reactive particles of sodium carbonate having a greatly increased absorption capacity relative to the sodium carbonate known from the prior art.
It is more particularly the case when the reactive particles are produced by a process for the production of reactive particles comprising at least 60 % by weight, preferably at least 80 % by weight, and more preferably at least 90% or at least 95% by weight of sodium carbonate. Advantageously the reactive particles have a BET specific surface of at least 4 m /g, preferably of at least 6 m /g, according to which particles based on sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate and/or Wegscheider's salt having a median particle size D50 of less than 35 urn, preferably of less than 25 um, are brought into contact with a stream of hot gases having a temperature of at least 100°C in order to convert the sodium bicarbonate into sodium carbonate by calcination, the stream of hot gases comprising calcined particles subsequently being subjected to a separation stage in order to obtain, on the one hand, the reactive particles and, on the other hand, a separated stream of hot gases comprising CO2 and steam (gaseous water), the separated stream of hot gases being at least partly recycled upstream of the separation stage.
The inventors have surprisingly observed that such a process enables to obtain high specific surface of reactive particles, even in presence in the stream of hot gases of high concentrations of carbon dioxide and/or water (as steam). In particular the water concentration (as steam) enables to speed up the calcination rate in particular for 'flash' calcination (reaction lime of less than 30 min., or less than 3 5 min., or less than 5 min. or even less than 60 seconds) of particles based on sodium bicarbonate or sesquicarbonate and of median particle size of 35 urn or less.
Also the inventors have found surprisingly that the presence of compounds such as hydrocarbons, fatty hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, or fatty acid

sails, aiong with panicles based on sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate and/or Wegscheider'salt increases sensitively the specific surface of the reactive and increases the capacity of the reactive particles to absorb detergent compounds.
The inventors have also observed surprisingly that the presence of gaseous ammonia (NH3) in the stream of hot gases at low concentration of at least 0.5 % up to 4 or 6 % by weight of the hot gas, increases sensitively the specific surface developed during calcination of the reactive particles according the present invention.
One of the surprising beneficial effect of calcination with hot gas stream recycling, in particular for flash calcination, is that such process brings reactive compositions of higher absorption capacity of non-ionic and of anionic surfactant at a given specific surface than the known prior art. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present document, the following definitions apply:
- sodium bicarbonate (also known as nahcolite) is the carbonate compound of chemical formula NaHC03,
- sodium sesquicarbonate (also known as trona) is the carbonate compound of chemical formula Na2CO3.NaHCO3.2H2O,
- Wegscheider's salt (also known as wegscheiderite) is the carbonate compound of chemical formula Na2C03.3NaHC03.
Before the present formulations of the invention are described, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to described particular formulations, since such formulations may, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is not intended to be limiting, since the scope of the present invention will be limited only by the appended claims.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include both singular and plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. By way of example, "an additive" means one additive or more than one additives.
The terms "comprising", "comprises" and "comprised of as used herein arc synonymous with "including", "includes" or "containing", "contains", and are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, non-recited members, elements or method steps. It will be appreciated that the terms "comprising". "comprises" and "comprised of as used herein comprise the terms "consisting of, "consists" and "consists of.

Throughout this application, the term "about" is used to indicate that a value includes the standard deviation of error for the device or method being employed to determine the value.
As used herein, the term "average" refers to number average unless indicated otherwise.
As used herein, the terms "% by weight", "wt %", "weight percentage", or "percentage by weight" are used interchangeably.
The recitation of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all integer numbers and, where appropriate, fractions subsumed within that range (e.g. 1 to 5 can include 1, 2, 3, 4 when referring to, for example, a number of elements, and can also include 1.5, 2, 2.75 and 3.80, when referring to, for example, measurements). The recitation of end points also includes the end point values themselves (e.g. from 3.0 to 5.0 includes both 1.0 and 5.0). Any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges subsumed therein.
In the following passages, different alternatives, embodiments and variants of the invention are defined in more detail. Each alternative and embodiment so defined may be combined with any other alternative and embodiment, and this for each variant unless clearly indicated to the contrary or clearly incompatible when the value range of a same parameter is disjoined. In particular, any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other feature or features indicated as being preferred or advantageous.
Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics described in present description may be combined in any suitable manner, as would be apparent to a person skilled in the art from this disclosure, in one or more embodiments. Furthermore, while some embodiments described herein include some but not other features included in other embodiments, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention, and form different embodiments, as would be understood by those in the art.
In the process according to the invention, it is preferable to carry out a rapid calcination of particles based on sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate and/or Wegscheider's salt having a fine particle size, that is to say having a diameter D50 of less than 35 um. The term "particles based on sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate and/or Wegscheider's salt" is understood to mean particles comprising at least 60 %, preferably 80 %. more preferably at least 85 %, even more preferably at least 90% by weight, of sodium

bicarbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate and/or Wegscheider's salt. The particles based on sodium sesquicarbonate are often trona, comprising advantageously at least 85% by weight, more advantageously at leats 90% by weight of sodium sesquicarbonate.
The particles based on sodium bicarbonate advantageously comprise at least 60 %, preferably at least 80 %, more preferably at least 85 %, even more preferably at least 90 %, most preferred at least 95 % by weight of sodium bicarbonate.
According to the invention, these particles have to have a diameter D5o (median particle size) of less than 35 urn They often have a diameter D50 of less than 30 urn, or preferably less than 25 urn or even more preferably less than 20 um. In some cases, particle size distributions having a D90 of less than 50 (im, preferably less than 35um, indeed even of less than 20 um, are advantageous. Moreover, the D50 can preferably be less than 15 mn, indeed even less than 10 u.m.
In an alternative form of the reactive particles used in present invention, the particles have a size-distribution slope a of less than 2.
The slope o is defined by :
D90 -D10
a =
D50
D9o> respectively D50 and Dio, with regard to them represent the diameter for which 90 % (respectively 50 % and 10 %) of the reactive particles (expressed by weight) have a diameter of less than D90 (respectively D50 and Dto). These as well as other particle size parameters in the context of this invention are measured by the laser ray diffraction analytical method. The assessment is conducted by laser diffraction and scattering on a Malvern Mastersizer S particle size analyser using an He-Ne laser source having a wavelength of 632.8 nm and a diameter of I 8 mm, a measurement cell equipped with a backscatter 300 mm lens (300 RF), an MS 17 liquid preparation unit, and an automatic solvent filtration kit ("elhanol kit") using ethanol saturated with bicarbonate.
In the context of this invention the BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) specific surface is measured on a Micromeritics Gemini 2360 BET analyser using nitrogen as adsorbtive gas. The measurement is realized on a powder sample presenting at least 1 m2 of developped BET area, and was preliminary degassed with helium gas during 5 hours at ambient temperature (20 to 25°C) in

order to get rid of humidity traces adsorbed on the powder of sodium bicarbonate particles.
In one embodiment of the process according to the invention, the particles based on sodium bicarbonate comprise at least 80 % by weight of sodium bicarbonate, less than 12 % by weight of sodium carbonate and from 0.02 to 2 % by weight of ammonia, expressed in the form of ammonium ions (NH4+).
According to an alternative form of this embodiment, the particles based on sodium bicarbonate comprise ground crude bicarbonate particles from a soda plant. They are then advantageously obtained in the following way : • particles resulting from crude bicarbonate particles from an ammonia-soda plant are introduced into a gas stream comprising air in order to form a gas stream laden with particles; • the gas stream laden with particles ts introduced into a mill in order to form a gas stream comprising ground particles having a diameter D90 of less than 50 urn and a diameter D50 of less than 35 um preferably a diameter D90 of less than 35 um and a diameter D50 of less than 20 um, more preferably a diameter D90 of less than 30 um and a diameter D50 of less than 15 um, measured by laser diffractometry.
In the present process, the particles based on sodium bicarbonate are advantageously obtained by grinding particles comprising sodium bicarbonate having a particle size D50 of at least 30 um, preferably at least 45 um, more preferably at least 60 um and a particle size D90 of at least 70 u.m, preferably at least 85 \im, more preferably at least 300 um
In the alternative form of the invention, the particles of crude sodium bicarbonate from a soda plant (before grinding) advantageously have a particle size D50 of at least 30 u.m, preferably at least 45 um, more preferably at least 60 um and a particle size D90 of at least 70 um, preferably at least 85 um, more preferably at least 100 um.
To obtain the reactive particles for the present invention, any type of mill can be used. In general, impact mills, in particular hammer mills, are highly suitable.
In this alternative form of the invention, the reactive particles is thus produced starting from crude bicarbonate particles from an ammonia-soda plant. This crude sodium bicarbonate is the product obtained by carbonation, with a gas comprising CO2. of an ammoniacal brine. The particles formed at the end of the carbonation are separated from the slurry by filtration, in order to form the crude

bicarbonate particles from an ammonia-soda plant. The ammoniacai brine is obtained by reaction of ammonia with a sodium chloride solution. The crude bicarbonate from an ammonia-soda plant comprises predominantly sodium bicarbonate but also sodium carbonate, ammonia, other compounds in small amounts and water. In the complete industrial process for the production of sodium bicarbonate, the crude sodium bicarbonate is successively calcined (in order to produce "light" sodium carbonate, this calcination moreover producing ammonia, water and CO2), recrystallised and finally recarbonated with CO2. This sequence of transformations exhibits a high cost, in particular a high energy cost (especially the calcination). The use of crude bicarbonate from a soda plant thus exhibits a marked economic advantage. It is sometimes advantageous for the crude bicarbonate particles from an ammonia-soda plant to be washed using a washing liquid before being introduced into the gas stream. In the process according to the invention, in order to obtain rapid calcination, it can prove to be advantageous for the stream of hot gases to have a temperature of at least 120°C, preferably of at least 130°C, more preferably of at least 150°C, or at least 170°C, indeed even of at least 200°C. Temperatures above 300°C or above 250°C are generally to be avoided. In some cases, the time elapsed between bringing into contact and the end of the separation stage is less than 30 minutes. This time is preferably less than 15 minutes, more preferably less than 10 minutes, even more preferably less than 5 minutes, most preferred less than 60 seconds. In practice, there exists a correspondence between this elapsed time and the temperature of the stream of hoi gases, a high temperature making possible shorter calcination times.
The reactive particles to be used in the process according to the invention generally comprise at most 99 % by weight of sodium carbonate. They often comprise less than 98 % of it, or less than 95 %of it, sometimes less than 90 % of it. Values by weight of between 60 % and 98 %, or between 65 % and 98 %, generally between 70 % and 95 %, sometimes between 80 % and 90 %, are highly suitable.
The stream of hot gases in which the calcination takes place can have various compositions.
It is generally recommended for the stream of hot gases to comprise at least 40 % by weight CO2. Also it is preferred that the stream of hot gases to comprise at most 60 % by weight water, It is also recommended for the stream of hot gases to comprise at least 0,5 %, generally at least 1 %, preferably at

least 1,5 % or even at least 2 % by weight ammonia. Generally, the stream of hot gases comprises at most 10 %, preferably at most 7 %, more preferably at most 6%, or at most 5 % by weight ammonia.
In a first embodiment., it is recommended for this stream to comprise between 45 % and 55 % by weight CO2. In a variant of this embodiment, the stream comprises between 40 and 50 % water and between 1 and 4 % ammonia.
In a second embodiment, it is recommended for this stream to comprise between 60 %, preferably 65 %, and 75 % by weight C02. In a variant of this second embodiment, the stream comprises between 20 and 40 % water, preferably between 25 and 35 % by weight. Content in ammonia for this second embodiment is between 1 % and 4 % ammonia, preferably between 2 % and 4% ammonia by weight.
The stream of hot gases is often heated by passing through a heal exchanger, for example supplied with steam.
In an embodiment of the invention, the particles based on sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium ses qui carbonate brought into contact with the stream of hot gases comprise compounds or additives.
Recommended compounds are selected from; fatty alcohols, fatty acids, or fatty acid salts. Advantageously, the fatty acids are fatty acid molecules comprising 12 to 20 carbon atoms (C12-C20 fatty acid). More advantageously, the fatty acid is selected from lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and mixtures thereof. Stearic acid is preferred. Fatty acid salts are advantageously selected from calcium, or magnesium acid salts or soaps of the fatty acids. More advantageously, the calcium or magnesium fatty acid salts are selected from calcium or magnesium salt of: lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and mixtures thereof. Hatty acid salt is preferably selected from calcium stearate, magnesium stearate.
Recommended additives are selected from: zeolites, dolomite, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium (hydroxy) carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, sodium sulphate, calcium fluoride.
Quantities of compound(s) and/or additive(s) are generally comprised between 0,1 % by weight and 5 % reported to the weight of particles based on sodium bicarbonate and/ or sesqukarbonate and/or Wegscheider's salt. When the compound is a fatty acid salt or is calcium stearate, quantity of 0,25 % to 1 % by weight of compound is preferred. When the compound is a fatty acid, in particular stearic acid, quantity of 1 to 5 % by weight is preferred.

Introduction of the compound and/or additives can for instance be performed by mixing them with the particles based on sodium bicarbonate before or during contact with the hot gas stream.
Below 230°C and below 30 minutes of contact time of particles based on bicarbonate or sesquicarbonate or Wegscheider's salt with hot gas stream, organics molecules such as fatty acids or fatty acids salts, are stable enough to remain on the reactive particles.
Therefore the present invention relates also to the use of reactive particles obtainable by the above described process, said reactive particles comprising : at least 60 % by weight of sodium carbonate, and at most 40 % by weight of sodium bicarbonate, and from 0.01 to 5 % by weight of a compound selected from : fatty alcohols, fatty acids, or fatty acid salts, and said particles having a BET specific surface of at least 4 m2/g, and a median particle size D50 of less than 35 um, preferably of less than 30 \xm. more preferably of less than 25 urn.
And the present invention relates also to the use of a composition comprising at least 90 weight % of the reactive particles obtained by the above described process and comprising from 0.01 %to 10 % by weight of additives selected from : zeolites, dolomite, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium (hydroxy) carbonate, calcium carbonate, sodium sulphate, calcium fluoride, or talc.
In the invention, the separated stream of hot gases, resulting from the stage of separation of the reactive particles, is at least partly recycled upstream of the separation stage, preferably upstream of the heat exchanger, when the process comprises one of them. This recycling has appeared to be highly advantageous for the CO2, water, ammonia and energy managements. The part of separated hot gases which is recycled amounts preferably to at least 50 % by weight, more preferably to at least 75 %. It is recommended that the totality of the separated hot gases are recycled, except the quantity which is generated by the decomposition of the sodium bicarbonate into sodium carbonate. Preferably in the embodiments wherein the sodium bicarbonate comprises ground crude bicarbonate particles from an ammonia-soda plant, another part of the separated hot gases is advantageously purged and sent into an ammonia soda plant. This part amounts preferably to the quantity of separated hot gases which are generated by the decomposition of the sodium bicarbonate into sodium carbonate. Thermal energy of the purged stream is advantageously transferred by heat exchange to the stream of hot gases.

When the particles based on sodium bicarbonate are obtained by grinding particles comprising sodium bicarbonate having a particle size D50 of at least 60 pm and a particle size D90 of at least 100 um, the separated stream of hot gases is advantageously recycled upstream of the mill.
In the invention, the gaseous ammonia may be ammonia injected in the stream of hot gas, or can be generated by the use of crude sodium bicarbonate.
It is generally recommended that the reactive particles used in present invention to be stored in a dry environment, such as dry air, advantageously having a humidity lower than a dew point of-40°C, for example in a silo, through which such a stream of dry air passes, before contacting them with the detergent compound.
In one variant of the process according to the invention, the or at least one detergent compound is preferably selected from; polymers that are liquid or pasty at ambient temperature, liquid solutions of polymers, preferably aqueous solutions of polycarboxylates, fragrances, oils, in particular plant essential oils, animal oils or synthetic oils such as for example lanolin oil, sweet almond oil, coconut oil, jojoba oil, olive oil, apricot kernel oil, grape seed oil, hydrating agents such as for example aloe vera, acetamide MEA, oleic, myristic, linoleic, stearic and lactic acids, nonionic, anionic or cationic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. The nonionic surfactants may advantageously be obtained by ethoxylation of C]2-Ci8 or C|2-Ci6 alcohols, using 3 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol. The fragrances are customarily composed of the combination of base fragrances selected from the group of alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, ethers and nitriles. Such fragrances are commonly produced by Firmenich, Givaudan, IFF, Quest, Taaksago, for example.
In another variant of the process according to the invention, the aqueous pastes of anionic surfactants are advantageously selected from linear alkylbenzenesulfonic acids, linear alkylbenzene sulfonates of sodium, sulfates of primary or secondary C12-C18 alcohols, sulfonates of olefins, sulfonates of alkanes, fatty acid ester sulfonates and fatty acid soaps, and mixtures thereof.
The detergent compound may be in solid, liquid or pasty form at ambient temperature (20CC). In one advantageous embodiment of the process according to the invention, the detergent compound is in liquid or pasty form at ambient temperature, that is to say that, subjected to a shear, it exhibits a flow. In this embodiment, its viscosity at rest at 20° C is generally less than 100 000 Pa.s. often less than 10 000 Pa.s. commonly less than 1000 Pa.s.

The detergent compound may be heated at moderate temperature (between 30 to 80°C, preferably between 30 to 40°C) to have viscosity of at most 1 Pa.s, preferably of at most 0.7 Pa.s, at a shear rate of Is"1. In the process according to the invention, a detergent compound is brought into contact with the reactive particles in order to enable it to be incoiporated. For this purpose, various devices may be used. The use of mixer-granulators is recommended. Indeed, during the use of surfactants of ethoxylated fatty alcohol type or of certain volatile compounds, these may partially volatilize or degrade when they are subjected to heat. The use of reactive particles of present invention, having a high absorption capacity for detergent compounds, is particularly well suited to mixer-granulators. The mixes that exert a combination of low shear forces and high shear forces during mixing are particularly recommended. Such a combination may especially be obtained by using a blade mixer, such as the CB - Mixer manufactured by Lodige or the Kettemix reactor manufactured by Ballestra.
In the process according to the invention, it is recommended to use temperatures below 250°C, preferably below 200°C, or even below 150°C. The use of spray drying towers, in which high temperatures are used and in which certain starting products are pre-dissolved, is, as indicated above, to be avoided. When a mixer is used for bringing the or at least one detergent compound into contact with the reactive particles, the precise temperature value inside the mixer is advantageously controlled as a function of the composition of the mixture, the viscosity of the compounds and the physical characteristics of the final particles that are desired.
It may be advantageous in certain cases to introduce into the device bringing the or at least one detergent compound into contact with the reactive particles, optionally at the same time as the latter, adjuvants such as zeolites (of P or X type), sodium carbonate (or even sodium hydroxide), phosphates, soaps, polyethylene glycol, or even water in a limited amount. If zeolites are used, it may be recommended to add a portion of them at the end of the contacting step, so that they are arranged on the surface of the detergent particles, which reduces the risks of caking. If sodium carbonate is used, it is considered separately from the sodium carbonate included in the reactive particles and should not have a high specific surface area. Indeed, its role is more to neutralize, if necessary, certain acids present in the detergent composition particie.

The reactive particles obtained in the process described supra, comprising at least 60% by weight of sodium carbonate (l^CCH), preferably in anhydrous form, are highly hygroscopic. These reactive particles incorporate water into their crystal lattice in order to form stable crystals of sodium carbonate monohydrate (Na2CC>3.H20) up to weight proportions of 17% expressed relative to the anhydrous sodium carbonate of the particles, and this being at temperatures below 1 10°C, preferably below 85°C. The detergent composition particles advantageously comprise less than 10% by weight of free water, preferably less than 5%, more preferably less than 1%, or even less than 0.5%. The expression "free water" is understood to mean water not bonded to the sodium carbonate or to the sodium carbonate compounds. Thus, the water molecules bonded to the sodium carbonate monohydrate crystals, or sodium sesquicarbonate crystals, is not considered to be free. If necessary, a step of drying the particles in a fluidized bed may be incorporated into the process according to the invention. This makes it possible to adjust the amount of free water of the detergent composition particles for example to between 0.5% and 10%o by weight.
In the process according to the invention, the reactive particles according to the invention make it possible to incorporate adjustable amounts of detergent compound up to maximum values greater than the particles known from the prior art.
In the detergent composition particles according to the invention, the amount of detergent compounds is equal to at least 10%, often at least 20%, frequently at least 50%, or even at least 75%, or at least 85%, or at least 105%, or at least 110%, or at least 115%. In general, the following are not however exceeded; 200%, or even 175%, or 150%, or even 130%, and sometimes 125%. These minimum and maximum values may ail be combined together but in general the amounts incorporated vary between 50% and 175%, often between 75% and 150%., frequently between 85% and 125%, sometimes between 110% and 130%. The percentages expressed the ratio between the weight of detergent compound(s) incorporated (i.e. having penetrated into or being adsorbed on the reactive particles) and the weight of the reactive particles before the incorporation.
In the process according to the invention, use may be made of amounts of reactive particles that vary between I % and 80% of the total amount of material

used. Advantageously, this amount varies from 10% to 70%, preferably from 20% to 65%,
Consequently, the present invention also relates to a detergent composition particle capable of being obtained by the process according to the present invention. In general, the detergent composition particle comprises more than 50%, advantageously at least 55%, more advantageously at least 57%, even more advantageously at least 60%, and even more advantageously at least 65% by weight of detergent compound. When the detergent composition particle is laden with at most 65%, or at most 60%) or at most 55%) by weight of detergent compound, it retains an ability to absorb other detergent compounds, or if it is already laden with anhydrous detergent compounds, it retains an ability to absorb moisture from a detergent formulation and thus improve the stability of this formulation. This is particularly advantageous when the detergent formulation contains compounds that are unstable in the presence of water, such as for example sodium percarbonates, the decomposition of which to give sodium carbonate, water and oxygen is accelerated in the presence of water.
The content of detergent compound that is liquid or pasty at ambient temperature may vary from 5% to 80%, preferably 10% to 70%, preferably 20%) to 60% by weight of the detergent composition particle.
The detergent composition particles obtained by the process may also comprise a proportion of detergent compound(s) not incorporated into the reactive particles. This amount that is not incorporated however preferably represents less than 50% by weight of the total amount, more preferably less than 25% or even less than 10%.
Since the detergent composition particles have a capacity to contain a large amount of detergent compound, and have remarkable desiccating properties, their uses are numerous. They may, inter alia, be used in a powdered detergent formulation as a desiccant additive, or additive for improving the flowability, or anticaking additive. Their small sizes, their residual specific surface area after loading of the detergent compound, their low specific weight, and high ability to form cohesive granules when pressed, compared lo known reactive particles in the art. Those properties are particularly suitable to use them in a detergent formulation in tablet form.
The present invention also relates to a detergent formulation comprising detergent composition particles according to the invention, in particular comprising detergent composition particles comprising at least 55, or at least 57,

or at least 60, or at least 65% by weight of a detergent compound. Advantageously the detergent compound is an anionic surfactant, more advantageously the detergent compound is an alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, such as dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, or salt thereof.
The detergent formulation generally comprises at least 3%, advantageously at least 5%, more advantageously at least 10%, even more advantageously at least 20%, even more advantageously at least 30% by weight of particles according to the invention. The detergent formulation generally comprises at most 98%, advantageously at most 90%, more advantageously at most 80%, even more advantageously at most 70%, even more advantageously at most 65% by weight of particles according to the invention. The balance to 100% of the detergent formulation generally consists of surfactant, builder, enzyme, stain-removing oxidizer, stain-removing oxidizer catalyst, anti-redeposition agent, chelating agent, colorant, optical brightener, fragrance, etc.
In the process according to the invention, in order to obtain the reactive particles, it is advantageous to carry out a calcination of particles based on sodium bicarbonate such as nahcolite and/or on sodium sesquicarbonate such as trona and/or on Wegscheider's salt such as wegscheiderite having a fine particle size, that is to say having a diameter D50 of less than 25 [im. The expression "particles based on sodium bicarbonate and/or on sodium sesquicarbonate and/or on Wegscheider's salt" is understood to mean particles comprising at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 85% by weight, of sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate and/or of Wegscheider's salt. The sodium sesquicarbonate is often trona. The particles based on sodium bicarbonate and/or on sodium sesquicarbonate and/or on Wegscheider's salt are advantageously based on sodium bicarbonate and advantageously comprise at least 35% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight, of sodium bicarbonate. In the case of particles based on sodium bicarbonate, the particles advantageously comprise at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 85% by weight, of sodium bicarbonate.
According to the invention, these particles have to have a diameter D50 (median particle size) of less than 25 u.m. They often have a diameter D50 of less than 20 um. In some cases, particle size distributions having a D90 of less than 25 urn, indeed even of less than 20 um, are advantageous. Moreover, the Dso may preferably be less than 12 um, indeed even less than 10 um.
However, diameters D50 that are loo small increase dusting and degrade the flowability of powder formed by such particles. Thus in the present invention

the reactive particles advantageously have a diameter D50 of greater thanl \im, or of greater than 3 um. or even of greater than 5 urn, or else of greater than 7 urn.
In one embodiment of the process of the invention, the particles based on sodium bicarbonate have a particle size D90 of less than 35 fim, preferably of less than 30 urn,
In the process according to the invention, the rapid calcination of particles based on sodium bicarbonate makes it possible to obtain reactive particles having a high specific surface area (measured according to the BET method). This specific surface area is generally greater than 4 m /g, often greater than 5 m2/g, frequently greater than 6 irf/g, or even greater than 7 or 10 m"/g. The high specific surface area favors the incorporation of detergent compound(s) into the reactive particles. Though, the absorption capacity of reactive particles is not univocally linked to specific surface. And present inventors do not have found an explanation of why the reactive particles with such specific specific surface area and such low particle size described in present invention do demonstrate such high absorption capacity.
In one embodiment of the process according to the invention, the particles based on sodium bicarbonate and/or on sodium sesquicarbonate and/or on Wegscheider's salt comprise at least 80% by weight of sodium bicarbonate, less than 12% by weight of sodium carbonate and less than 1% by weight, for example from 0.02% to 0.2% by weight, of ammonia, expressed in the form of ammonium ions.
According to a variant of this embodiment, the particles based on sodium bicarbonate and/or on sodium sesquicarbonate and/or on Wegscheider's salt comprise ground crude bicarbonate particles from a soda plant. They are then advantageously obtained in the following way:
- particles resulting from crude bicarbonate particles from an ammonia-soda plant arc introduced into a gas stream comprising air in order to form a gas stream laden with particles;
- the gas stream laden with particles is introduced into a mill in order to form a gas stream comprising ground particles having a diameter d90 of less than 35 um and a diameter dso of less than 20 um.
The particles of crude sodium bicarbonate from a soda plant (before grinding) advantageously have a particle size D50 of greater than 60 um and a particle size D90 of greater than 100 um. Any type of mill can be used. In general, impact mills, in particular hammer mills, are highly suitable.

The crude bicarbonate from an ammonia-so da plant is the product obtained by carbonation, with a gas containing CO2, of an ammoniacal brine. The particles formed at the end of the carbonation are separated from the slurry by filtration, in order to form the crude bicarbonate particles from an ammonia-soda plant. The ammoniacal brine, for its part, is obtained by reaction of ammonia with a sodium chloride solution. The crude bicarbonate from an ammonia-soda plant comprises predominantly sodium bicarbonate but also sodium carbonate, ammonia, other compounds in small amounts and water. In the complete industrial process for the production of sodium bicarbonate, the crude sodium bicarbonate is successively calcined (in order to produce "light" sodium carbonate, this calcination moreover producing ammonia, water and CO2), recrystallized and finally recarbonated with CO2. This sequence of conversions exhibits a high cost, in particular a high energy cost (especially the calcination). The use of crude bicarbonate from a soda plant thus exhibits a marked economic advantage. It is sometimes advantageous for the crude bicarbonate particles from an ammonia-soda plant to be washed using a washing liquid before being introduced into the gas stream. In the process according to the invention, in order to obtain rapid calcination, it may prove to be advantageous for the stream of hot gases to have a temperature of above 120°C, preferably of above 130°C, more preferably of above 150°C, indeed even of above 200°C. In some cases, the time elapsed between the contacting step and the end of the separation stage is less than 30 minutes. This time is sometimes preferably less than 15 minutes, more preferably less than 5 minutes, indeed even less than 60 seconds. In practice, there exists a correspondence between this elapsed time and the temperature of the stream of hot gases, a high temperature allowing shorter calcination times.
The reactive particles involved in the process according to the invention generally comprise at most 99% by weight of sodium carbonate. They often comprise less than 98% thereof, or less than 95% thereof, sometimes less than 90% thereof. Values by weight of between 65% and 98%, generally between 70% and 95%, sometimes between 80% and 90%, are highly suitable.
The stream of hot gases in which the calcination takes place may have various compositions. It is generally recommended for this stream to comprise at least 30% by weight, advantageously at least 40% by weight, of CO2. It also comprises the water released by the calcination and optionally ammonia. It is generally recommended for the stream to comprise at most 65%, advantageously

at most 50%, more advantageously at most 30% by weight of H2C It is often heated by passing through a heat exchanger, for example supplied with steam.
In the invention, it is recommended, although this is not essential, for the separated stream of hot gases, resulting from the stage of separation of the reactive particles, to be recycled upstream of the separation stage, preferably upstream of the heat exchanger, when the process comprises one thereof. This recycling has appeared to be highly advantageous for the management of the C02.
When the particles based on sodium bicarbonate are obtained by grinding particles comprising sodium bicarbonate having a particle size D50 of greater than 60 urn and a particle size DQO of greater than 100 urn, the separated stream of hot gases is advantageously recycled upstream of the mill.
In the invention, the ammonia when present in particles based on a sodium bicarbonate composition, is defined as being ammonia in the particles based on sodium bicarbonate, as measured, by distillation after dissolving the sample in deonized water alkaiinized with caustic soda at pH more than 11. The determination of the ammonia expressed in the form of ammonium ions NII4 of a sample is done by capturing the released gaseous ammonia (NH3) from the heating operation by condensation in a scrubber with a HC1 solution to transform the ammonia into NH4", which is analysed by a colorimeter . The determination of the ammonia, expressed in the form of ammonium ions NH4+ of a sample is done by measurement with a spectro-colorimeter Docteur Lange X-500 on 150 mL of distillate from distilling a solution of 50 g of product, 150 mL of deionized water and 90 mL of a solution of caustic soda NaOH 9N. Cuvettes Dr Lange LCK 304, range 0.02 - 2.5 mg NH4+/L are used.
The present invention is also defined in the following embodiments (items):
Item i. Process for the production of reactive particles comprising at least 60 % by weight of sodium carbonate and having a BET specific surface of at least 4 m2/g, according to which particles based on sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate having a median particle size D50 of less than 35 urn, preferably of less than 30 um, preferably of less than 25 urn are brought into contact with a stream of hot gases having a temperature of greater than 100°C in order to convert the sodium bicarbonate into sodium carbonate by calcination, the stream of hot gases comprising calcined particles subsequently being subjected to a separation stage in order to obtain, on the one hand, the reactive

particles and, on the other hand, a separated stream of hot gases comprising C02 and steam, the separated stream of hot gases being at least partly recycled upstream of the separation stage.
Item 2. Process according to the preceding item, in which the stream of hot gases comprises at least 0,5 % and preferably at most 5 %, more preferably at most 4% by weight ammonia.
Item 3. Process according to either of the preceding items, in which the stream of hot gases has a temperature of at least 130°C.
Item 4. Process according to any one of the preceding items, in which the time elapsed between bringing into contact and the end of the separation stage is less than 30 minutes, preferably less than 15 minutes, more preferably less than 10 minutes, even more preferably less than 5 minutes, or even less than 60 seconds.
Item 5. Process according to any one of the preceding items, in which the particles based on sodium bicarbonate have a median particle size D90 of less than 35 um, preferably of less than 30 urn.
Item 6. Process according to any one of the preceding items, in which the stream of hot gases comprises at least 40 % by weight of C02.
Item 7. Process according to any one of the preceding items, in which the stream of hot gases comprises at most 60 % by weight water.
Item 8. Process according to any one of the preceding items, in which part of the separated hot gases is purged and sent into an ammonia soda plant.
Item 9. Process according to any one of the preceding items, in which the particles based on sodium bicarbonate are obtained by grinding particles comprising sodium bicarbonate having a particle size D50 of at least 30 urn, preferably at least 45 um, more preferably at least 60 um and a particle size D90 of at least 70 u.m, preferably at least 85 um, more preferably at least 100 urn.
Item 10. Process according to the preceding item, in which the grinding is carried out in an impact mill.
Item 11. Process according to any one of the preceding items, in which the particles based on sodium bicarbonate comprise ground crude bicarbonate particles from an ammonia-soda plant.
Item 12. Process according to any one of items 10 to 11, in which part of the separated stream of hot gases is recycled upstream of the mill.
Item 13. Process according to any one of items 9 to 12 wherein a compound selected from: fatty hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, or fatty

acid salts, is added to the particles based on sodium bicarbonate and/or on sodium sesquicarbonate and/or on Wegscheider's salt before or during grinding, preferably in an amount of 0.01 to 5 % by weight reported to the obtained reactive particles.
Item 14. Process according to item 13 wherein the compound is a fatty acid comprising 12 to 20 carbon atoms (C12-C20 fatty acid).
Item 15. Process according to any one of items 9 to 14 wherein an additive selected from : zeolites, dolomite, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium (hydroxy) carbonate, calcium carbonate, sodium sulphate, calcium fluoride, or talc, is added to the particles based on sodium bicarbonate and/or on sodium sesquicarbonate and/or on Wegscheider's salt before or during grinding, preferably in an amount of 0.01 to 10 % by weight reported to the obtained reactive particles.
Item 16. Reactive particles obtainable by the process according to any one of items 1 to 15, said reactive particles comprising: at least 60 % by weight of sodium carbonate, and at most 40 % by weight of sodium bicarbonate, and from 0.01 to 5 % by weight of a compound selected from : hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, or fatty acid salts, and said particles having a BET specific surface of at least 4 m2/g, and a median particle size D50 of less than 35 urn, preferably of less than 30 urn, more preferably of less than 25 urn.
Item 17. Reactive particles according to item 16 comprising at least 80 %, preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95% by weight of sodium carbonate.
Item 18. Reactive particles according to item 16 or 17 comprising at most 20 %, preferably at most 10 %, more preferably at most 5 % by weight of sodium bicarbonate.
Item 19. Reactive particles according to any one of items 16 to 18 comprising at most 2 %, preferably at most 1 % by weight of water.
Item 20. Reactive particles according to any one of items 16 to 19 having a diameter D90 of less than 50 urn and a diameter D50 of less than 35 urn, preferably a diameter D90 of less than 35 urn and a diameter D50 of less than 20 jim, more preferably a diameter D90 of less than 30 urn and a diameter D50 of less than 15 urn, measured by laser diffractometry.
Item 21. Composition comprising at least 90 weight % of the reactive particles according to any one of items 16 to 20 and comprising from 0.01 % to 10 % by weight of additives selected from : zeolites, dolomite, magnesium

hydroxide, magnesium (hydroxy) carbonate, calcium carbonate, sodium sulphate, calcium fluoride, or talc.
Item 22. A process for the production of detergent composition particles comprising sodium carbonate laden by incorporation of at least one detergent compound wherein at least one detergent compound is brought into contact in the liquid state with reactive particles comprising at least 60% by weight of sodium carbonate, the contacting giving rise to the at least partial incorporation thereof into the reactive particles, said reactive particles having been obtained by a process wherein particles based on sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate and/or Wegscheider's salt having a median particle size Dsoof less than 35 urn, preferably of less than 30 um, more preferably of less than 25 jim, even more preferably of less than 20 um, are brought into contact with a stream of hot gases having a temperature above 80°C, preferably above I00°C, in order to convert the sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate and/or Wegscheider's salt into sodium carbonate by calcination, the stream of hot gases comprising calcined particles subsequently being subjected to a separation stage in order to obtain, on the one hand, the reactive particles and, on the other hand, a separated stream of hot gases comprising C02 and steam, the separated stream of hot gases being at least partly recycled in the process upstream of the separation stage.
Item 23. The process of item 22, wherein the reactive particles have a BET specific surface area of more than 4 m2/g.
Hem 24. The process of item 22 or 23, wherein the reactive particles is produced by the process according to any item 1 to 15.
Item 25. The process of item 22 or 23, wherein reactive particles are the reactive particles according to any one of items 16 to 20.
Item 26. The process according to any one of items 22 to 25, wherein the at least one detergent compound is selected from: polymers that are liquid or pasty at ambient temperature, liquid solutions of polymers, preferably aqueous solutions of polycarboxylates, fragrances, oils, nonionic, anionic or cationic surfactants, and mixtures thereof.
Item 27. The process according the preceding item, wherein the nonionic surfactants may be obtained by ethoxylation of CI2-CI8 alcohols using 3 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.

Item 28. The process of item 26, wherein the aqueous pastes of anionic surfactants are selected from linear a Jky J benzene sulfonates of sodium, sulfates of primary or secondary C12-C18 alcohols, sulfonates of olefins, sulfonates of alkanes, fatty acid ester sulfonates and fatty acid soaps, and mixtures thereof.
Item 29. The process according to any one of items 22 to 28, wherein the stream of hot gases has a temperature above 130°C.
Item 30. The process according to any one of items 22 to 29, wherein the time elapsed between the contacting and the end of the separation stage is less than 30 minutes.
Item 31. The process according to any one of items 22 to 30, wherein the particles based on sodium bicarbonate have a median particle size D90 of less than 35 u,m, preferably of less than 30 jam.
Item 32. The process according to any one of items 22 to 31, wherein the stream of hot gases comprises at least 40% by weight of CO2.
Item 33. The process according to any one of items 22 to 32, wherein the particles based on sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate and/or Wegscheider's salt and are obtained by grinding particles comprising sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate and/or Wegscheider's salt and having a particle size D50 of greater than 60 urn and a particle size D90 of greater than 100 urn.
Item 34. The process according to any one of items 22 to 33, wherein the grinding is carried out in an impact mill.
Item 35. The process according to any one of items 22 to 34. wherein the particles based on socYmm bicarbonate comprise ground crude bicarbonate particles from an ammonia-soda plant.
Item 36. The process according to any one of items 33 or 34, wherein the separated stream of hot gases is recycled upstream of the grinding stage.
Item 37. A detergent composition particle obtainable by the process of items 22 to 36, comprising more than 50%, advantageously at least 55%, more advantageously at least 57%, even more advantageously at least 60%, even more advantageously at least 65%, and even more advantageously at least 66% by weight of detergent compound.
Item 38. The particle according to item 37, wherein the detergent compound is an anionic surfactant selected from the list of: linear alkylbenzenesulfonic acids, linear alkylbenzene sulfonates of sodium, sulfates of

primary or secondary C12-CI8 alcohols, sulfonates of olefins, sulfonates of alkanes, fatty acid ester sulfonates and fatty acid soaps, and mixtures thereof.
Item 39. The use of the particle according to item 37 or 38, in a powdered detergent formulation.
Item 40. The use of the particle according to any one of items 16 to 20, in a powdered detergent formulation as a desiccant additive, or additive for improving the flowability, or as anticaking additive.
Item 41. The use of the particle according to anyone of items 16 to 20 or the use of the detergent composition particle of anyone of claims 37 to 38, in a detergent formulation in tablet form as a desiccant additive and/or cohesion additive.
Item 42. A detergent formulation comprising particles according to any one of items 16 to 20 or comprising detergent composition particle according to anyone of items 37 to 38.
Item 43. The detergent formulation according to item 42, comprising at least 1%, advantageously at least 5%, more advantageously at least 10%, even more advantageously at least 20%, even more advantageously at least 30% by weight of particles or of detergent composition particles.
Item 44. The detergent formulation according to item 42 or 43, comprising at most 98%, advantageously at most 90%, more advantageously at most 80%, even more advantageously at most 70%, even more advantageously at most 65% by weight of particles or of detergent composition particles. EXAMPLES Example l.a (according to the invention)
The example which is described below illustrates a specific embodiment of the invention.
Particles of crude bicarbonate from an ammonia-soda plant, having a content of the order of 1% by weight ofNH4+ and having a particle size distribution such that the diameter D50 has a value of 80 urn and the diameter D90 has a value of 150 urn, are washed in a washer using water. A liquid, containing aqueous ammonia, is extracted from the washer. At the outlet of the washer, the particles of crude bicarbonate from a soda plant have an ammonia content of less than 1%, measured as NHU+, and a water content of 20%. The particles are subsequently introduced into a fluidized-bed dryer operating at a temperature of 60°C. The particles, having a water content of less than 10%, are introduced into a stream of air itself entering an impact mill. The stream of air comprising the

ground particles of sodium bicarbonate, gaseous ammonia and water vapour, both released from the particles during the grinding, is finally introduced into a sleeve filter. The following are extracted therefrom; on the one hand, a stream of air comprising water vapour and ammonia and, on the other hand, sodium bicarbonate particles having the properties shown in Table 1.
DQO D50 H2Q NH4+ NaHCQ3 Na2CQ3
20nm J iOum | <1% [ <0.1% [ >85% | <11%
Table 1
These sodium bicarbonate particles are then introduced into a stream of hot gases having a temperature of 145°C, comprising 47.5% of CO^, 47.5% of steam and 5% of ammonia, and this being in a ratio of 4Nm3 of hot gases per kg of sodium bicarbonate particles introduced, in order to calcine them and to convert them essentially into sodium carbonate. After a residence time of approximately 15 minutes in this stream of hot gases, the calcined particles, constituting the reactive particles, are separated from the sleeve filter. The separated stream of hot gases is then returned to a heat exchanger, fed with steam, in order to regenerate the stream of hot gases. The reactive particles are finally stored in a silo, through which passes a stream of dry air, having a humidity lower than a dew point of-40°C. The reactive particles have a specific surface area of 8 m2/g. These reactive particles are then brought into contact and mixed in a C-B mixer manufactured by Lddige with linear 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (HLAS -reference 44198 Aldrich), in a proportion of 90 grams of HLAS per 100 grams of reactive particles. During the mixing at 30°C, the product, which is firstly pasty, becomes pulverulent again, which indicates that the HLAS has been absorbed/adsorbed into the reactive composition. Example l.b (not according to the invention)
Reactive particles is prepared according example 1 of FR2764281 document, using a gas to remove the gaseous products generated during calcination (C02 and water), without recycling any part of generated gas. The obtained reactive particles with a residence time of 90 seconds and a temperature of 98°C, consist of more than 99% sodium carbonate, have a mean particle size in weight (D50) of 44 urn, and a BET specific surface of 1.7 m2/g.
Same test of absorption as Example l.a above is made, bringing particles into contact and mixed in the Lodige C-B mixer, with linear 4-dodecylbcnzcnesulfonic acid (HLAS - reference 44198 Aldrich). Maximum 55%

by weight of HLAS relative to reactive particles is obtained for a pulverulent
detergent composition.
Example l.c (not according to the invention)
Same experiment was made with a reactive particle consisting of light soda ash (commercial Soda Solvay L product, comprising more than 99% of sodium carbonate particles) obtained by crude sodium bicarbonate calcination (without recycling at least part of gasses), having a mean particle size D50 of 30 uin, a BET specific surface of 1.2 m7g, and the absorption capacity is measured on Lodige C-B mixer with HLAS with same operational mode as in examples I .a and l.b. The maximum absorption capacity is 43% by weight of HLAS relative to light soda ash. Example 2
Reactive particles were produced according to the process described in example 1 at different residence time so that to obtain reactive particles comprising about 88%. 97% and 98% in weight of sodium carbonate (respectively referenced as CBA-001, CBA-011, and CBA-013).
The particle size (D10, D50 and D90) was measured by laser diffraction and scattering on a Maivern Mastersizer S particle size analyzer using an He-Ne laser source having a wavelength of 632.8 nm and a diameter of 18 mm, a measurement cell equipped with a backscatler 300 mm lens (300 RF), an MS 17 liquid preparation unit, and an automatic solvent filtration kit ("ethanol kit") using ethanol saturated with bicarbonate.
The BET (Brunauer, Eminett and Teller) specific surface area was carried out on a Micromeritics Gemini 2360 specific surface area analyzer using nitrogen as absorbent gas. The measurement of the specific surface area is carried out on a sample of powder having at least 1 mz of extended surface area, and previously degassed by helium sparging over a period of 5 hours at ambient temperature (20 to 25°C) in order to eliminate the traces of moisture adsorbed on the powder.
The reactive particles thus prepared and characterized were mixed by hand in a beaker while incorporating dropwise therein 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid surfactant (CAS number 121-65-3, reference 44198 from Sigma-AIdrich Chemie BV, The Netherlands) until the mixture begins to become tacky.
The amount of surfactant thus measured out and absorbed is shown in table
2 below. __ __
Test I NaTTOTrN^HC^JT'ToTaTTl^rticle ~| BET ~T~ Surfactant


The surfactant adsorbed above (last column) show the excellent absorption capacity of the reactive particles and the remarkable amounts of detergent compound absorbed constituting the detergent composition particles obtained. Example 3
Reactive particles, produced from Solvay 0/4 sodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate and Wegscheider's salt, the D50 particle sizes of which are less than 25 fj.m, and treated under the conditions of example 1, are tested according to the procedure of example 2.
Surfactant absorption capacities comparable to those of example 2 are obtained. Example 4.a (according present claimed invention)
Reactive particles, are produced according to example 3, table 3-line 1 of PCT application No. EP2014/062007 filed June 10, 2014, having a BET surface of 4.9 m2/g, and having a mean particle size (D50) of 8.8 urn.
Surfactant absorption capacities with nonionic surfactant fatty alcohol C12-C18 with about 7 moles EO (CAS number 68213-23-0, referenced as Dehydoi LT7, from Cognis) with such reactive particles, show absorption rate of 50% by weight. Example 4.b (not according present claimed invention)
For comparison (example 4.b) the value indicated in FR2764281 at example 2 (page 11) with non-ionic alcohol ethoxylate Rhodiasurf 311 DB is 44% by weight of absorption rate value.
This value of absorption of known prior art is sensitively below the 50% by weight mentioned at example 4.a (conform to present claimed invention) above.
Those examples show the improved absorption values of reactive particles according the claimed invention, for both: anionic surfactant (examples 1 to 3)

and non-ionic surfactant (Examples 4) in comparison with known reactive particles obtained from particles based on sodium bicarbonate decomposition.
Should the disclosure of any patents, patent applications, and publications which are incorporated herein by reference conflict with the description of the present application to the extent that it may render a term unclear, the present description shall take precedence.