CLIAMS:1. A process of preparing match splint from wood obtained from Acacia mangium comprising steps of:
a) adding water to hydrogen peroxide (30% - 50%) to obtain a diluted solution of hydrogen peroxide from about 10 to about 30%;
b) adding liquid ammonia to the diluted solution of step (a) to obtain a mixture with a pH of from about 10 to about 11; and
c) adding Acacia mangium wooden splints in the mixture of step (b) and stirring for 10-15 minutes, till the splints become lighter in color.

2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step (c) is performed while maintaining the temperature of the process at 65°C.

3. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said mixture after step (c) is reusable.

4. The process as claimed in claim 3, wherein said mixture of step (c) is reused by addition of H2O2 and water to obtain the solution of step (a) and subsequently liquor ammonia to obtain the mixture of step (b).

5. A match splint from wood obtained from Acacia mangium prepared by process comprising :
a) adding water to hydrogen peroxide (30% - 50%) to obtain a diluted solution of hydrogen peroxide from about 10 to about 30%;
b) adding liquid ammonia to the diluted solution of step (a) to obtain a mixture with a pH of from about 10 to about 11; and
c) adding Acacia mangium wooden splints in the mixture of step (b) and stirring for 10-15 minutes, till the splints become lighter in color.

6. The match splints as claimed in claim 5, wherein said wood is discolored with controlled removal of lignin and without reducing breaking strength of the match splint. ,TagSPECI:Field of the invention
The present invention relates to a process of preparing match stick from wood obtained from Acacia mangium and match stick splints made thereof.

Background and the prior art
One of the most desirable features from a wood that is used for making match stick splints is that the logs of such a wood should be free from heart centers. This is mainly because heart centers of wood are discolored regions which cannot be used in match sticks making. Hence woods that have heart wood are regarded unusable for match stick making industries. Acacia mangium is one such wood that is readily available in India. However it is minimally used in industries. Essential requirements for match splints are light color, strength of splints. The use of Acacia mangium as such for match splint making is not economical because sap wood of Acacia mangium which is light color forms very small part of a mature tree, the maximum being dark colored heart wood which is not desired for match splint making.
Many treatments of heart wood to remove dark coloration are known in the art. The process of removing dark coloration from wood is commonly termed as bleaching. Wood pulp bleaching, for paper making, is well known in the art. However bleaching of wood is essentially specific to cause. For example in pulp bleaching retention of form is not a criterion as against wooden floors or match stick making which requires specific maintenance of strength and hue. Hence procedures as applied to wood pulp bleaching cannot be applied to wood that needs to be processed into pencils, match sticks, wooden flooring and or veneer making. Also the procedures available for bleaching of wood vary with plant species. This is essentially owing to difference in plant constituents.
Prior art discloses treatment of thick piece of wood like logs or board by use of 28% or 35% of H2O2 with aqueous ammonia to bleach the surface. However the process is not feasible and economical for bleaching Acacia mangium wood logs which in turn are chopped into match splint. This is because the process bleaches only surface and entire log bleaching takes very long time due to problem of bleaching mixture penetration through the wood. Further chemical consumption for the treatment process is high. Also heart wood being major portion of Acacia mangium wood remains untreated, the process is not economical
Further treatment of match splints from Acacia mangium with 28% or 35% of H2O2 in aqueous ammonia fails due to generation of large amount of fumes and frothing that leads to in complete bleaching of splints and has adverse effect on strength of splint.

Furthermore the procedures available for bleaching as listed in the prior art are essentially labour intensive, capital intensive and time consuming. These laborious, costly procedures are hence unusable for match stick making industries. Some of the prior art as available for bleaching and decolouration of heart wood is stated below.

IN199046 claims a method of manufacturing bamboo splints for use as match sticks comprising the steps of : a) optional pre treatment/bleaching of the bamboo splints using Sodium metasilicate of 10 to 40% concentration with a suitable quantity of ammonia required to maintain the pH of 8 to 12 or with Sodium Hydroxide solution at a temperature of 35-50°C followed by the addition of 120 - 165 volumes of Hydrogen peroxide; b) bleaching the pretreated bamboo splints under controlled pH and temperature in the range of 8.6 - 11.0 and 30°C-50°C for a period of 12 to 16 hours using hypochlorite/peroxide mixture in the ratio of 1:7 to 2:5. Prior art IN199046 teaches multi step process for match sticks comprising treatment using the Sodium metasilicate, liquid ammonia (or sodium hydroxide) and hydrogen peroxide in first step of pretreatment and followed by bleaching of bamboo match splints using sodium hypochlorite. The process of IN199046 involves handling of multiple chemicals thereby making the process complex. Further the chemicals such as sodium metasilicate and sodium hypochlorite for bleaching treatment are costly.
Moreover IN 199046 does not relate to decolouration of heart wood in particular that of Acacia mangium and is limited to treatment of bamboo. Further reaction time for bleaching process is very high i.e. 12 to 14 hrs that adversely affects strength of splints.
CN102152362 relates to treating agent for removing black streaks of wood. In particular CN '2362 is directed against the surface of the wood, by carrying out oxidization, reduction and valency reduction on chromophoric groups and auxochrome groups such as black spots and the black streaks on the surface of the wood. The patent application discloses the use of a combination of hydrogen peroxide solution, an aqueous ammonia solution and sodium hypochlorite three solution according to 1 : 0.1: 0.3, wherein the hydrogen peroxide solution concentration is 20%-35%, an aqueous ammonia solution to 20%-25%, sodium hypochlorite 10%-15%. CN102152362 requires addition of hypochlorite solution for discoloration of heart wood which is not cost effective. Moreover CN'362 does not discuss treatment of Acacia mangium and more specifically does not relate to match stick making.
CN1035665 relates to bleaching agent for bamboo and wood. The patent provides a bleaching agent for bamboo and wood, which is composed of hydrogen peroxide, sodium carbonate, of ammonia and water. The above-mentioned each component percentage of the weight of the bleaching agent is 15-33%, 0.5-2%, 0.1-1% and 65-83%. However CN '5665 does not relate to decoloration of heart wood. CN1035665 does not teach treatment of control removal of lignin related to match stick manufacturing and more specifically does not relate to Acacia mangium.
CN102909765 relates to bleaching solid wood composite for the production process of the floor. It discloses a method of bleaching solid wood composite for the production process of the floor, specifically comprising the following steps: the corresponding specification of the substrate with the bark, after facing, hot-pressing, balance preserving, porous plate after cutting, sanding, ensure that the face is leveled, wire-drawing processing, the depth of 0.1-0.6 mm between, in order to water-soluble white coating processing set of white, after natural complete drying, sanding treatment, sanding a thickness of 0.05-0.5 mm between, then bleaching forming, side spurts paints, roller back paint, the final finish processing, finished product off-line. Here the bleach referred to is a bicomponent bleach comprising of a and b where a is an acidic, component is hydrogen peroxide, the other one b is for alkaline, component is ammonia or sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate of one or any combination thereof; the acid bleaching liquors: alkali = (1-2): 1 the ratio of the volume of mixing. CN 102909765 essentially discloses a complex bleaching procedure comprising of pretreatment procedures. The prior art CN 102909765 discloses use of H2O2 and ammonia for bleaching of solid wood composite floor. The process teaches bleaching process only for surface of wood as requirement for wood composite floor. However the process fails to bleach wooden splints which are different than wood floor in terms weight, thickness, dimension and strength to sustain such process condition without undue effect of strength and color across all splints.
The process as described in CN '765 is related to wooden floor and is not suitable for bleaching of match splint. When applied for bleaching match splint, the process generates large amount of fumes and frothing during treatment with splints thereby making less effective and economical to bleach large quantity of splints. Further it affects adversely on the strength of splints.
CN102642226 discloses a combined bleaching agent for timber comprising the main components in weight ratio per 1000 ml of solution : 15-75 g of sodium percarbonate; 5-30 g of sodium perborate; 2-8 g of sodium thiosulfate and 12-50 g of sodium sulfate. The patent in its prior art section also states that traditional wood bleaching general use the chloride, hydrogen peroxide bleaching, and ammonia water, hydrogen peroxide, but these methods tend to have a bad influence on operating personnel's health or pollute the environment, but also, according to the existing bleaching formulation, the black surface of the wood, and mineral line changes blue phenomenon is very difficult to eliminate such, processing influence the attractive appearance, therefore, is gradually eliminated.
Thus even though bleaching of wood is known in the art, none of the prior art relates to bleaching of wood to be used for match stick making. Essentially none of these relates to bleaching of heart wood of Acacia mangium wood species to be used for match stick splint making. Whereas a few patent references disclose treatment of bamboo for match stick making however bamboo is characteristically different from Acacia mangium and many other woods in that it essentially does not have any heart center. Hence there is a need for making heart center containing wood process-able for match stick splint making. The present invention addresses this need by providing match stick splints made from wood of Acacia mangium.

Object of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art.
It is another object of the present invention to provide match splints made from Acacia mangium wood.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide a process for making matchstick from wood of Acacia mangium.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an economical, industrially viable and easy process to adapt Acacia mangium wood for match stick industry.

Summary of the Invention
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a process of preparing match splint from wood obtained from Acacia mangium comprising steps of:
a) adding water to hydrogen peroxide (30% - 50%) to obtain a diluted solution of hydrogen peroxide from about 10 to about 30%;
b) adding liquid ammonia to the diluted solution of step (a) to obtain a mixture with a pH of from about 10 to about 11; and
c) adding Acacia mangium wooden splints in the mixture of step (b) and stirring for 10-15 minutes, till the splints become lighter in color.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a match splint from wood obtained from Acacia mangium prepared by process comprising :
A) adding water to hydrogen peroxide (30% - 50%) to obtain a diluted solution of hydrogen peroxide from about 10 to about 30%;
B) adding liquid ammonia to the diluted solution of step (a) to obtain a mixture with a pH of from about 10 to about 11; and
C) adding Acacia mangium wooden splints in the mixture of step (b) and stirring for 10-15 minutes, till the splints become lighter in color.

Brief Description of Accompanying Figures
Figure 1 illustrates Acacia mangium splints treated with reaction mixture in accordance with the present invention
Figure 2 illustrates Acacia mangium splints treated with hydrogen peroxide solution alone
Figure 3 illustrates Acacia mangium splints treated with liquor ammonia alone
Figure 4 illustrates Acacia mangium splints treated with a 10:1 solution of hydrogen peroxide and ammonia
Figure 5 illustrates Acacia mangium splints treated with a 1:1 solution of hydrogen peroxide and ammonia

Detailed Description of the Invention
The present invention provides a unique process for bleaching of match splint from Acacia mangium using treatment mixture in such manner that the process can be carried out in safer way without adverse effect for health and environmental pollution, at low concentration of reaction mixture, without any adverse effect on strength of splints, no generation of fumes and economical due to reuse of reaction mixture for multiple times reducing chemical waste generation.
The present invention further provides match splints of Acacia mangium wood prepared by process comprising:
a) adding water to hydrogen peroxide to obtain a diluted solution of hydrogen peroxide of from about 10 to 30%;
b) adding liquid ammonia to the diluted solution of step (a) to obtain a mixture with a pH of from about 10 to about 11; and
c) adding Acacia mangium wooden splints in the mixture of step (b) to obtain Acacia mangium wood match splints.
Furthermore, the said mixture of hydrogen peroxide and ammonia as prepared according to the present invention is reusable for bleaching further batches of match stick splints. Hence the present invention provides match splints, made from Acacia mangium wood, prepared from a process that is industrially safe and economically viable. It is noted that the mixture obtained after step (c) need not be discarded and can be reused by further addition of H2O2 and water. Liquor ammonia may be added on need basis, if required, for maintaining pH of from about 10 to about 11, to obtain the mixture of step (b).
The invention also provides a unique composition for removing the discoloration from heart center of Acacia mangium wood. The composition comprises:
a. hydrogen peroxide; and
b. liquor ammonia
wherein the hydrogen peroxide is present at a dilution level of from about 10 to about 30%; and wherein the pH of the composition is maintained from about 10 to about 11.
The present inventors have found very surprisingly that treatment of match stick making splints, made from heart wood of Acacia mangium, with a composition of the present invention comprising liquor ammonia and hydrogen peroxide removes its discolorations and improves its runnability. Additionally the runnability of treated match sticks splints is found to be higher as compared to that of untreated match stick splints. The present inventors have found that the match stick from wood obtained from Acacia mangium when discolored in accordance with the present invention has controlled removal of lignin without reducing breaking strength of the match stick.
The present process provides controlled removal of lignin content from splint such that dark splint becomes light without adverse effect on strength. The present process of bleaching Acacia mangium wood splints requires addition of minimal quantity liquor ammonia in a solution mixture such that the splints can be bleached very effectively with minimal stirring time of 10-15 minutes and reaction time of 20-30 minutes while maintaining pH between 10 – 11.
In a specific embodiment the invention provides a process for preparing match stick from wood obtained from Acacia mangium comprising:
a) preparing a chemical mixture by diluting H2O2 (30% - 50%) with water to make 10 – 30 % solution;
b) adding liquid ammonia to the chemical mixture of step (a) with continuous stirring such that pH of the mixture is increased to 10-11;
c) adding Acacia mangium wooden splints in the solution of step (b) and stirring for 10-15 minutes, till the splints become lighter in color while maintaining the temperature of the process at 65°C;
d) reusing the solution of step (c) by addition of the quantity of H2O2 and water to obtain the chemical mixture of step (a) and subsequently liquor ammonia to obtain the solution of step (b).
It is noted when the concentration of H2O2 in reaction mixture is maintained from about 10% to about 30%; and pH of reaction mixture is maintained from about 10 to about 11 by addition of ammonia; then upon addition of Acacia mangium wood splints to the reaction mixture, desired single coloured, bleached, Acacia mangium wood splints are obtained. Here essentially, excess addition of liquor ammonia is avoided thus making the process industrially safe and applicable. Ammonia is added in reaction mixture to raise pH more than 10 and maintain it thereof whenever the reaction mixture is reused.
The present cost of wood splints used in match stick making industry is Rs.5000 to 6000 per ton based on availability. However by making use of the process described in the present invention, match stick making splints can be obtained from heart center of Acacia mangium wood and thus can be made available at a cost of Rs.3700/- per ton.
A further advantage of the present invention is that the solution can be reused to remove discoloration from untreated batches of splints made from Acacia mangium wood.
The invention thus provides a very practical, industry usable solution for treatment of Acacia mangium wood. Also the treated wood splits are uniformly colored as compared to untreated match stick splints obtained from sap wood of commonly used match stick making woods. This is an especially desirable characteristic from the end users of the match stick product.
Further no polishing treatment is required for splints made from treated Acacia mangium so as to confirm to BIS standards of visual appearance. Also the splints made from treated Acacia mangium do not require wax dipping treatment and that even without the said treatment these conform to flame transfer test requirement as specified in BIS.
The present invention is now illustrated by way of non-limiting examples.

Example 1 (Working example)
Process for the treatment of Acacia mangium:
Step 1 : In 100 liters H2O2 (50% strength) 400 liters of water added and 10 liter of liquid ammonia added to adjust pH 10 – 11 range.
Step 2 : In above chemical mixture 100 kg of Acacia mangium splints added with continuous stirring. Temperature of the process maintained below 650C. During treatment of 100 kg of splints, approximately 100 kgs of treatment mixture utilized.
Step 3 : In next batch, 100 kgs of bleaching solution with the same ratio of constituents ( i.e., 20 Liters of H2O2 + 80 liters of water) added.
Step 4 : Again pH of mixture adjusted to 10 -11 by addition of necessary quantity of liquor ammonia enabling continuous reuse of all chemicals.
Concentration of H2O2 in reaction mixture in the above example is 10%. Ammonia is added so as to adjust pH of reaction mixture is 10-1l.
The bleached splints from Acacia mangium as obtained in accordance with the above process were uniformly bleached as shown in Figure 1.

Example 2 (Non-Working example):
Acacia mangium splints treated with hydrogen peroxide solution alone as illustrated in figure 2
Step 1: 25 ml of hydrogen peroxide is taken in a beaker
Step 2: 50 grams of match splints are added to the solution of step 1 and mixed for 10 - 15 seconds.
Step 3: the splints are removed from the solution of step 2 and allowed to dry in open air to obtain treated match splints.
From above example, it noted that when Acacia mangium splints are treated with hydrogen peroxide solution alone, splint are dark brown and not desirable as shown in Figure 2.
As such H2O2 chemical is used in above experiment and strength of H2O2 is 30% - 50%.

Example 3 (Non-Working example)
Acacia mangium splints treated with liquor ammonia alone as illustrated in figure 3:
Step 1: 25 ml of liquor ammonia is taken in a beaker
Step 2: 50 grams of match splints are added to the solution of step 1 and mixed for 10 - 15 seconds.
Step 3: the splints are removed from the solution of step 2 and allowed to dry in open air to obtain treated match stick splints.
From above example, it noted that when Acacia mangium splints treated with liquor ammonia alone, splint are dark brown and not desirable is shown in Figure 3.
As such ammonia chemical is used in above experiment Strength of ammonia is 30%.

Example 4 (Working example)
Acacia mangium splints treated with a 10:1 solution of hydrogen peroxide and ammonia as illustrated in figure 4
Step 1: 25 ml of hydrogen peroxide is takenin a beaker
Step 2: 2.5 ml of liquor ammoniais added into the solution of step 1
Step 3: 50 grams of match splints are added to the solution of step 2 and mixed for 10 - 15 seconds.
Step 4: the splints are removed from the solution of step 3 and allowed to dry in open air to obtain treated match stick splints.
From above example, it is noted that when Acacia mangium splints are treated with a 10:1 solution of hydrogen peroxide and ammonia, splints are discoloured to good color without reduction of breaking strength as shown in Figure 4.
Strength of H2O2 and NH3 used in the above example is 30%.

Example 5 (Non- Working example)
Acacia mangium splints treated with a 1:1 solution of hydrogen peroxide and ammonia as illustrated in figure 5
Step 1: 25 ml of hydrogen peroxide is taken in a beaker
Step 2: 25 ml of liquor ammonia is added into the solution of step 1
Step 3: 50 grams of match splints are added to the solution of step 2 and mixed for 10 - 15 seconds.
Step 4: the splints are removed from the solution of step 3 and allowed to dry in open air to obtain treated match stick splints.
From example 5 it is noted that when Acacia mangium splints are treated with a 1:1 solution of hydrogen peroxide and ammonia, bleaching process is not feasible due to generation of high fumes and high frothing. Further it is found that when H2O2 and ammonia are added in ratio of 1:1, reaction mixture resulted from the same gives higher pH of 13 and thereby splints does not get bleached and remains brown color shown in Figure 5.
Strength of H2O2 is 30% and Strength of ammonia is 30%.

Process of treatment of Acacia mangium - working and non working examples
Table 1 shows experiments that are conducted as per below steps to demonstrate non working and working examples –
Step 1 - Different reaction mixtures with varying concentration of H2O2, pH, ammonia quantity (or maintain ratio of H2O2 to ammonia) prepared
Step 2 - 25 gm of match splints were added in the mixture, stirred for 10-15 minutes and kept in mixture for 20 minutes.
Table 1
Exp.No. Concentration of H2O2 solution in reaction mixture (in % ) Water Quantity of Ammonia / Ratio of H2O2 : NH3 pH
A 6 q.s. to dilute H2O2 to 6 % Ammonia to raise pH 10
B As such Nil 1 : 1 13
C 10 q.s. to dilute H2O2 to 10 % Ammonia to raise pH 11
D 10 q.s. to dilute H2O2 to 10 % Ammonia to raise pH 7
E 10 q.s. to dilute H2O2 to 10 % Ammonia to raise pH 8
F 10 q.s. to dilute H2O2 to 10 % Ammonia to raise pH 9
G As such Nil 1 : 2 12
H As such Nil 2 : 1 12
I 10 q.s. to dilute H2O2 to 10 % Ammonia to raise pH 10
J Nil Nil 0:1 14
K As Such Nil 1:0 6
L 20 q.s. to dilute H2O2 to 6 % Ammonia to raise pH 7
M 20 q.s. to dilute H2O2 to 20 % Ammonia to raise pH 10
N 30 Nil 10: 1 11
Strength of H2O2 in above experiment is 30 %.
The term “As such” refers to 30% Strength of H2O2 without any dilutions.

Based on process feasibility, working and non working example of table 1 were analyzed for color and breaking strength
Table 2
Exp No. Working (W)/Non-working (NW) Fumes Frothing Color Results Strength of match splints (in N)
A NW No Fumes No frothing Poor (Not Acceptable) - Light Brown 13.07
B NW High Fumes Very High Frothing - -
C W No Fumes No frothing Good - Light yellow color 12.52
D NW No Fumes No frothing Poor (Not Acceptable)- Dark Brown 11.54
E NW No Fumes No frothing Poor (Not Acceptable)- Dark Brown 11.48
F NW No Fumes No frothing Poor (Not Acceptable)- Dark Brown 13.3
G NW Very High Fumes Very High Frothing - -
H NW Very High Fumes Very High Frothing - -
I W No Fumes No frothing Good -Light yellow color 13.64
J NW No Fumes No frothing Poor (Not Acceptable)- Dark Brown 9.14
K NW No Fumes No frothing Poor (Not Acceptable) - Light Brown 9.17
L NW No Fumes No frothing Good - Light yellow color 9.04
M W No Fumes No frothing Very Good - White color 11.35
N W No Fumes No frothing Very Good - White color 11.94

Inference from Table 1 and 2:
· It is noted from non working example experiment no. B, G, H wherein H2O2 to NH3 ratio is 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, match splint bleaching process is not feasible due to generation of high fumes and high frothing.
· It is noted that when the concentration is beyond the prescribed limit, then even though pH of mixture is maintained from 10 to 11; color of match splints is light brown which is undesirable (such as when concentration of H2O2 in bleaching mixture is lower than 10% (sample A and J)).
· It is noted that when the pH of mixture is beyond the prescribed limit, even though concentration of H2O2 in reaction mixture is maintained from 10 % to 30 %, either strength of match splint is low i.e. less than 10 N (sample J, K and L) or color of match splints are dark brown (sample D, E, F, J and K) which is undesirable.
· It is noted that when concentration of H2O2 in reaction mixture is from 10% to 30% and pH is 10 - 11, as in working example C, I, M, N, treated splints have good color and breaking strength.

Experiment demonstrating that treated wood with the composition of the present invention does not affect the wood strength.
Table 3
Exp No. Total lignin (%) Color Strength
I (working example ) 30.33 Good - Light yellow color. 13.6
Raw stick of Acacia mangium sticks 32.12 Poor(Not Acceptable) - Dark Brown 14.36

It is noted from table 3 that when match splints from Acacia mangium wood are bleached as per present invention (experiment no. I) and analyzed for lignin content, it shows a splint are discolored as per process described in present invention by control removal of lignin without undesirable reduction in breaking strength.

Criticality of the concentration of H2O2 in the solution illustrating the same to range between 10-30% weight
Table 4
Exp.No. H2O2 concen. in % in reaction mixture on v/v basis pH Process Feasibility – Fumes generation Process Feasibility – Frothing Color Results Strength of match splints (in N)
A(Non Working) 6 10 No Fumes No frothing Poor (Not Acceptable) - Light Brown 13.07
J(Non Working) 0 14 No Fumes No frothing Poor (Not Acceptable)- Dark Brown 9.14
C (Working) 10 11 No Fumes No frothing Good -Light yellow color 12.52
I (Working) 10 10 No Fumes No frothing Good -Light yellow color 13.64
M (Working) 20 10 No Fumes No frothing Very Good - White color 11.35
N (Working) 30 11 No Fumes No frothing Very Good - White color 11.94

It is noted from non working example experiment A as given in table 4 that when concentration of H2O2 in mixture is below prescribed limit, then even though pH of mixture is maintained from 10 to 11; color of match splints is light brown which is undesirable.

Further it is noted from non working example experiment J as given in table 4 that when concentration of H2O2 in mixture is beyond prescribed limit and pH of mixture is beyond prescribed limit; color of match splints is light brown which is undesirable.

Comparative data comparing CN ‘765 and the present invention
Table 5:
Exp. No. Ratio of H2O2 : NH3 H2O2 concen. in % in reaction mixture on v/v basis pH Process Feasibility – Fumes generation Process Feasibility – Frothing Color Results Strength of match splints (in N)
B 1 : 1 - 13 High Fumes Very High Frothing - -
G 1 : 2 - 12 Very High Fumes Very High Frothing - -
H 2 : 1 - 12 Very High Fumes Very High Frothing - -
C (Working) - 10 11 No Fumes No frothing Good -Light yellow color 12.52
I (Working) - 10 10 No Fumes No frothing Good -Light yellow color 13.64
M (Working) - 20 10 No Fumes No frothing Very Good - White color 11.35
N (Working) - 30 11 No Fumes No frothing Very Good - White color 11.94
Observation: From the above experiments, it is found that the process as disclosed in prior art CN' 765 is not feasible for match stick product due to fumes and frothing that occurs because of fast and vigorous reaction between H2O2, excess of NH3 and match sticks.