4. DESCRIPTION (Description shall start from next stage)
Introduction
Six months after a severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARC-COV-2) outbreak, coronavirus infections are now increasing by more than a million globally. Globally, as of June 2020, WHO reported 6,140,934 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 3,73,548 deaths. We still do not know enough about post-recovery immune response and environmental and seasonal transmission effects to accurately predict transmission dynamics. The long-term dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 are highly dependent on the immune response and immune cross-reaction between corona viruses, as well as on the timing of the introduction of the new virus to the population. Evidence from China, Italy and the United States suggests that COVID-19 would overwhelm the health services of well-resourced nations (2-4). There are no prescription therapies available, strategies are only based on touch tracing, quarantine and social distancing. Health workers are at the forefront of the response to an outbreak of COVID-19 and, as such, are exposed to hazards that place them at risk of infection. We also need to clarify the rights and responsibilities of health staff and the practical measures taken to protect health and safety at work. Wear an FFP2 mask, goggles or face shield, long-sleeved waterproof clothing and gloves, boots, waterproof aprons, or other suits needed as standard personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare employees.
Coughing, without wearing a mask, produces an exhaled air jet on a median plane of 68 cm from the HPS (patient); wearing a surgical mask reduces the distance to 30 cm while wearing a N95 mask reduces the distance to 15 cm. It should be noted that wearing a mask does not prevent air leakage between the mask and the skin; the air dispersion distance is 28 cm with a surgical mask. Because the size of the exhaled aerosol depends on the characteristics of the fluid, the force and pressure at the time of emission and the environmental conditions (e.g. temperature , relative humidity and air flow). The large particles remain suspended in the air for a short period of time and settle within 1 m from the source. Smaller particles evaporate quickly, while dry residues gradually settle and remain suspended for a variable period of time. According to the available data, the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurs through droplets. In view of the

high risk of release of large amounts of droplets, aerosol-generating procedures need greater care by healthcare professionals.
Oxygen therapy via nasal cannula, oronasal mask, Venturi mask, non-rebreathing mask also not able to protect droplets inhalination. NIV full-face mask and helmets with a tight air cushion around the neck-helmet interface, in a double limb circuit, have negligible air dispersion during NIV application (e.g. CaStar R; StarMed, Wokingham, UK) [12]. Thus, we can state that CPAP via an oronasal mask and NIV via a helmet equipped with an inflatable neck cushion are the ventilatory support methods that allow the minimum room air contamination only.
Prevention and control of healthcare workers from COVID-19 syndrome
Healthcare workers must wear an FFP2 mask, goggles or face shield, long-sleeved waterproof clothing and gloves. When waterproof clothing is not usable, single-use plastic aprons should be worn over the clothing to avoid contamination of the body. After the patient has been tested, the PPE must be cleaned and disposed of properly. Healthcare'workers should avoid contact with eyes and nose through potential contact. PPE Masks and Respirators Fabric masks (cotton or gauze) should not be used and are not recommended in any circumstances. Medical or surgical masks can be flat or plated (some are cup-shaped) and suitable for covering the nose and mouth. Secure with elastics or laces to the head. These devices are designed to ensure one-way protection for healthcare workers in order to capture their droplets. Respirators are tight masks that must be sealed off the face of the wearer and work in a bi-directional sense, in particular to protect the wearer (e.g. from dust or fibers in the air). Patients should be housed in enclosed rooms with negative pressure (at least 12 air changes an hour) in a designated bathroom and, if possible, in an anteroom. If negative pressure rooms are not accessible, choose rooms with a natural airflow of at least 160 L»s-1 per patient [4]. If single rooms are hot available, patients suspected of having SARS-CoVr2 infection should be put in the same room. Patient beds should be located at least 1m away from each other It is critical that the area prepared to receive suspected patients is equipped with all the necessary PPE. All patients are expected to wear a medical mask. It is crucial to limit the number of healthcare professionals in

contact with confirmed or suspected cases of COVID-19. It's better to put together a team of healthcare professionals.
Medical instruments must be disposable or devoted to a single patient (stethoscope, sphygmomanometer and thermometer). If these instruments are used in various settings, they must be cleaned and disinfected after each patient has visited (70 % ethyl alcohol). Clean and disinfect the surfaces that patients come into contact with. Moving or transporting patients outside their room or special area. Using portable x-ray or bedside chest ultrasound equipment. If it is necessary to transport the patient, use pre-established preferential routes to minimize the exposure of healthcare professionals and other patients by making the patient wear a mask. Ensure that transport staff follow the normal procedures and wear the PPE[17]. It is important to avoid communication with others during the undressing procedure
Precautions to mitigate transmission in the case of aerosol-generating processes in COVID-19 Aerosol-generating processes expose health workers to a high risk of contagion [7]. Aerosol-generating processes include airway suction, bronchoscopy, endotracheal intubation, tracheostomy and cardiopulmonary resurrection(3) . NIV has also been mentioned by the WHO in a recent report. Where practicable, such procedures should be performed in negative pressure rooms with a minimum of 12 air changes per hour or at least 160 L*s-1 per patient in natural ventilation facilities as per WHO guidance [4]. Healthcare workers performing aerosol-generating procedures should wear a long-sleeved waterproof, double-sleeved dress. PAPRs use a battery-powered fan to drive air through a filter that allows the wearer to breathe through a mask or helmet. PAPRs can provide greater protection than FFP2, even if there is no evidence of a comparison of these PPEs in terms of viral transmission. However, the use of PAPRs is burdened by the high cost and contact limits imposed by the noise of the fan. Another risk to be considered is the high likelihood of contamination during undressing procedures, which makes it necessary to support health workers with expert personnel. Bioaerosols
The microbial flora of aerosols, referred to as bioaerosols; consists of a combination of viable and non-viable microorganisms (e.g. bacteria, fungi and viruses) and antigenic

compounds of biological origin ( e.g. animal and plant debris, endotoxins, toxins, proteins, and other microbial metabolites) (1-3). From natural processes to industrial activities, microbes and their components can be aerosolized from any given source (e.g., humans, soil, and water) (4-6). Bioaerosols are recognized as one of the main transmission routes for infectious diseases (7-10) and are responsible for various types of health problems resulting from inhalation and potential ingestion. Acute respiratory infection is the leading cause of death above all other infectious diseases (11). Bioaerosol dispersion has a significant effect on public health due to the presence of highly complex and active microbial species in the urban and rural soil. Human exposure to bioaerosols is associated with a wide variety of acute and chronic diseases ranging from asthma allergies, rhinitis, sinusitis, and bronchitis. Bioaerosols also contribute to the dispersal of pathogens.
Bioaerosol Sampling
Many of the same techniques used for non-biological aerosols can be used for bioaerosols. However, in order to adequately analyze the bioaerosol samples, the collection procedures must ensure the survival or biological activity of the bioaerosol particles during and after processing.
Bioaerosol Sampler choice
The choice of a bioaerosol sampler should include information on the efficacy and ability of samplers to cover microbial diversity and increase understanding of disease-related aerosolization processes. While it is difficult to determine a single universally optimal air sampler, this article examines some of the considerations that are essential when selecting an air sampler. While electrostatic filters result in better coverage of microbial diversity among the air samplers tested, further studies are required to confirm this hypothesis. The study of the link in both exposure to bioaerosols and health problems is challenging; therefore, adequate exposure monitoring is a top priority -for aerosol scientists. Occupational exposure studies using only culture-based tools do not reoccur. Bioaerosol studies rely as a first step on representative air sampling regimes to capture the microbial flora of aerosols in a particular area. Various aerosol collectors have been

developed to capture and analyze airborne particulate matter for the detection and quantification of airborne pathogens and for the determination.of biodiversity. Aerosol samplers collect particles using a wide range of variables, such as collection size range, airflow rate, collection volume, and physical properties, all of which may place stress on the microbes collected. Environmental factors, such as temperature , relative humidity and UV radiation/coupled with a variety of aerosol sources, influence the behavior and fate of aerosolized particles. In addition, the presence and distribution of microorganisms, whether or not they are pathogenic, their relative resistance to stress, and the types of particles they contain, must all be considered when selecting the appropriate Bioaerosol sampling method (31-35).
Importance: Associating exposure to bioaerosols and health problems is challenging, and adequate exposure monitoring is a priority for field scientists. The findings that can be drawn from Bioaerosol exposure studies are highly dependent on the design of the study and the methodologies used. The strategy for air sampling is the first methodological step leading to an accurate interpretation of what is in place. The use of modern molecular approaches to test the .efficiencies of the various types of samplers used in the field is important in order to overcome the conventional approaches and prejudices implemented in these studies. This paper should be taken into account when performing a Bioaerosol analysis
Performance Profile
iSample Time jUp to 8 hours
(Sample Rate (Sonic flow through BioSampler nozzles (12.5 L/min)
[Sample jWater or more viscous, non-evaporating liquids such as ViaTrap mineral
Media [oil
|ViaTrap may not be suitable to PCR analysis. Contact a laboratory for
required collection liquid.
Tubing 11/4-inch ID and 3/8-inch ID

Conclusions
According to data, approximately 20 per cent of COVID-19 patients experience a serious or critical type of disease (Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome), which in 19-32 per cent of cases needs respiratory support. Oxygen therapy, HFNC, CPAP and NIV are non-invasive support methods with a high risk of aerosol dispersion, particularly in unprotected environments. Knowledge of the exhalation distance of the different approaches helps one to prioritize those at the lowest risk ( e.g. helmet with an inflatable neck cushion) and to take the appropriate precautions (e.g. proper positioning of the HFNC). Given the high risk of contagion during these procedures, evidence indicates that compliance with guidelines for the use of PPE is effective in preventing infections among healthcare workers. In a case-control study conducted during the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong which investigated the successful adherence of personnel to the PPE (gloves, disposable shirts, goggles and masks) none of the cases were found. In view of the high risk of release of large amounts of droplets, aerosol-generating procedures need greater treatment by healthcare professionals.

CLAIMS
The Claim as:
A " Biosampler is in fluid communication with the Bioaerosdl amplification unit, and wherein the biosampler is configured to receive and collect adiabatically amplified bioaerosols from the chamber of the Bioaerosol amplification unit.
1. Allows use of non-evaporating collection liquids
2, Significantly reduces particle bounce and re-aerosolization
3. Preserves microorganism integrity and viability
4. Reusable —: can be autoclaved
5. ' Provides greater sampling efficiency over longer sampling time
6. Collected bioaerosols can be analyzed by a variety of methods