STATEMENT OF INVENTION:
The present invention discloses simple production technique of fuel oil from polanga seeds.
Slow Pyrolysis is one of the processes for production of fuel oil from polanga seed which is
having very near calorific value (10,225 Kcal/kg) and similar specific gravity (0.9096 gm/cc)
as diesel fuel. It is the suitable process to produce maximum yield of liquid product.
Maximum yield is 68.53% (weight basis) of oil and 83.33% in volume/mass basis at a
particle size range of +2.8-3.35mm and 20°C rate of heating where the seed contains 50-
70% of oil. The engine performance of polanga pyrolytic oil is carried out in a double
cylinder diesel engine, which shows that thermal efficiency of the oil and its blending is
better as compared to diesel. The thermal efficiency is highest 3.7% more and 3.56% more
at 20% and 50% blending respectively. The break specific fuel consumption is less
compare to diesel fuel at all blending of pyrolysis oil with diesel . From emission point of
view, the emissions of NOx, CO, CO2, O2 and hydrocarbons are less or comparable with
that of diesel up to 50% blending . So direct pyrolysis of polanga seed is a better process to
produce fuel oil.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION:
Exhaustive patent search reveals that no patent has been filed in any country in this
direction by using the polanga seed.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION:
A process has been developed for production of fuel oil from polanga seeds by a simple
process. The yield of fuel oil from polanga seeds is 68.53% (weight basis) of oil and 83.33%
in volume/mass basis at temperature range of 450-600°C and at atmospheric pressure in
absence of air.
The basic purpose of this invention is to produce fuel which will give similar or better
performance as that of diesel.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION:
The Polanga seeds were collected and sun dried for 4 to 5 days and then cut into small sized
particles. The seeds were dried in an oven for 3 to 4 hrs at a temp of 100°C to remove the
rest of moisture content. A series of experiments were undertaken to determine the
influence of temperature between 450-600°C at a heating rate of 20°C/ min. Fast pyrolysis
of the seeds was carried out at a rate of heating of 300°C/ min to know the effect on yield of
oil. The pyrolysis experiments were performed in an apparatus designed for this purpose.
A known amount of feed (seed) was pyrolysed at each run and the pyrolytic fuel vapors
generated from the reactor was condensed. The condensed liquid was separated into two
fractions (aqueous and fuel) by gravity separation. The physical properties of pyrolytic oil
are tested in Italab Pvt. Ltd Chennai (INDIA) which is an ISO9001-200 certified
organization. The oil produced by this process are used in diesel engine by blending with
diesel oil. This process is quite easy to produce renewable fuel oil containing polanga seed
which will give similar or better performance as diesel fuel.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION:
Pyrolysis of Polanga seed in slow and fast process were carried out a semi batch reactor at
a temperature of 450, 475, 500, 525, 550, 575, 600°C. A known amount of seed was
pyrolyzed in each run at different conditions and the pyrolytic oil obtained was measured
and characterized. In case of slow pyrolysis volumetric yield of pyrolytic oil was more than
fast pyrolysis. Volumetric yield of oil in slow pyrolysis process (83.33%) is more as
compared to fast pyrolysis (73.33%) at the same temperature (550°C). The yield of oil from
pyrolysis increases with increase in temperature up to 550°C and then decreases as the
formation of more non condensable gas. Maximum yield of pyrolytic oil was obtained at a
temperature of 550°C in both slow and fast pyrolysis. The physical and chemical properties
of the pyrolytic fuel and its blends with diesel are in Table-1 & Table-2.
BRAKE THERMAL EFFICIENCY (BTE):
Engine performance and emission analysis was conducted on double cylinder D. I. diesel
engine. Table- 3 shows the BTE of different blends of pyrolytic oil and diesel at different
loads. It is found that in all cases BTE has a tendency to increase with increase in load. In
this case the highest BTE obtained from 20% blend of pyrolytic oil with diesel is 23.70%,
whether diesel gives 20% of BTE at the same load. This shows that blending of polanga
pyrolytic oil having better thermal efficiency than pure diesel. The thermal efficiency
obtained from 10%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 70% pyrolytic oil are 23.35%, 22.47%, 22.59%,
23.56%, 22.81% respectively at full load. In all the cases, the BTE is better for blends or
pyrolytic oil as compare to diesel fuel. The increase in BTE at all blending may be
attributed to better fuel atomization due to the addition lubricity provided by polanga
pyrolytic oil. The molecule of polanga pyrolytic oil contains some amount of oxygen, which
takes part in the combustion process. Based on this results it can be concluded that the
performance of the engine with blended polanga pyrolytic oil with diesel is comparable
with pure diesel up to 50% blending.
BRAKE SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC):
The engine performance of different blends of polanga pyrolysis oil with diesel is also
evaluated on the basis of BSFC and compared with pure diesel. Table-4 gives the detail
idea about the fuel consumption of polanga pyrolysis oil and its blends as compare to diesel
at different load in a double cylinder diesel engine. It is observed from the Table-4 that fuel
consumption for all fuel blends and diesel decreases with increase in % load. BSFC of
pyrolytic oil blends is less than diesel in all cases. This may be due to the complete
combustion of fuel oil at right time inside the engine in the presence of more amount of
dissolved oxygen in the pyrolysis oil. Polanga pyrolytic oil has calorific value and density
close to that of diesel and mixed thoroughly.
EMISSION ANALYSIS:
Table- 5 to Table- 9 show the emission analysis of pyrolytic oil blends with diesel. The
result shows that from emission point of view also pyrolytic oil blends gives less or
comparable emissions with that of diesel fuel for all blends. At 50% blending the emissions
is less as compared to all blends and diesel fuel. So 50% blending of pyrolytic oil with diesel
will not cause any environmental problem.
So by taking all factors like brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency and
emission point of view, it is concluded that up to 50% blending of polanga pyrolytic oil will
give better performance than diesel. The above facts are represented in the examples.
Example 1
Engine performance and emission analysis of 20% blend of bio-fuel in diesel at 100% load
gives 23.7% brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption 0.34 kg/kW.hr,
emission of NOx- 781 ppm, CO -1.21% by volume, CO2-6.2% by volume, O2- 10.7% by
volume and hydrocarbon-116 ppm.
Example 2
Engine performance and emission analysis of 10% blend of bio-oil in diesel at 100% load
gives brake thermal efficiency 23.35%, brake specific fuel consumption 0.34 kg/kW.hr,
emission of NOx - 670 ppm, CO - 1.07% by volume, CO2-6.0% by volume, O2- 11.14% by
volume and hydrocarbon-96 ppm.
Example 3
Engine performance and emission analysis of 30% blend of bio-oil in diesel at 100% load
gives brake thermal efficiency 22.47%, brake specific fuel consumption 0.36 kg/kW.hr,
emission of NOx - 634 ppm, CO - 1.15% by volume, CO2-6.0% by volume, O2- 11.01% by
volume and hydrocarbon-101 ppm.
Example 4
Engine performance and emission analysis of 40% blend of bio-oil in diesel at 100% load
gives brake thermal efficiency 22.59%, brake specific fuel consumption 0.36 kg/kW.hr,
emission of NOx - 682 ppm, CO - 1.11% by volume, CO2-6.1% by volume, O2- 10.95% by
volume and hydrocarbon-98 ppm.
Example 5
Engine performance and emission analysis of 70% blend of bio-oil in diesel at 100% load
gives brake thermal efficiency 22.81%, brake specific fuel consumption 0.36 kg/kW.hr,
emission of NOx - 771ppm, CO - 1.28% by volume, CO2-6.6% by volume, O2- 10.43% by
volume and hydrocarbon-112 ppm.
Example 6
Engine performance and emission analysis of, 100% diesel under similar operating
condition gives brake thermal efficiency 20.0%, brake specific fuel consumption 0.40
kg/kW.hr, emission of NOx - 764 ppm, CO- 1.12% by volume, CO2-6.1% by volume, O2-
11.1 % by volume and hydrocarbon-88 ppm.
We claim:
1. A process for production of fuel oil by slow thermal pyrolysis (rate of heating
maximum 20°C per minute) of polanga seeds after sun drying, at atmospheric
pressure and temperature range of 450-600°C in semi-batch reactor.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein the recovery of 68.53% of fuel oil (by
weight) and 83.33% in volume/mass basis is obtained by the process of slow
thermal pyrolysis.
3. A process according to claim 1, wherein the sun dried polanga seeds are crushed
into a particle size range of 2.8-3.35 mm and then pyrolysed in a semi batch
reactor made up of stainless steel.
4. A process according to claim 1, the thermal slow pyrolysis is carried out in
atmospheric pressure and at a temperature range of 450-600°C.
5. A process according to claim 1, the vapor generated from reactor is condensed in
a condenser where water is used as coolant and liquid product obtained.
6. A process according to claim 1, aqueous and fuel layer is separated out by
gravity separation process in which upper layer is the fuel layer and bottom one
aqueous layer.
7. A process according to claim 1, the brake thermal efficiency is 3.56% more and
brake specific fuel consumption is also less as compared to diesel fuel at 50%
blending of pyrolysis oil with diesel.
8. A process according to claim 1, the emissions from up to 50% blends of pyrolytic
oil with diesel is better than those of high speed diesel.
9. A process according to claim 1, wherein the fuel oil produced by slow thermal
pyrolysis of polanga seeds having a good fuel properties which is used as fuel in
diesel engine up to 50% blends in diesel according to the preceding claims.

Bio-fuel are obtained from polanga seed by slow pyrolysis. The yield of 68.53% of fuel oil
(by weight) and 83.33% in volume/mass basis is obtained by the process of slow thermal
pyrolysis. This pyrolytic oil is blended with diesel up to 50%, which is used in double
cylinder D I diesel engine. The performance of double cylinder D I diesel engine is found
better with respect to brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency and
emission point of view. It is concluded that up to 50% blending of polanga pyrolytic oil
gives better performance than diesel.