Specification
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the production of progesterone receptor
modulators.
The purification'of progesterone receptor (PR) modulators can be achieved by
re-crystallization using organic solvents. However, since many PR modulators have
poor solubilities in organic solvents, recrystallization requires large volumes of the
organic solvents to dissolve the PR modulators, thus making the purification less
economical.
What is needed in the art are alternate methods for purifying progesterone
receptor modulators.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for purifying indolone,
indol-thione, indol-ylidene cyanamide, benzoxazinone, benzoxazin-thione,
benzoxazin-ylidene cyanamide, benzothiazinone, benzothiaziae-thione, benzothiazin-
ylidene cyanamide compounds, or derivatives thereof.
In a further aspect, the present invention provides a method for purifying
indol-2-one, indol-2-thione, indol-2-ylidene cyanamide, benzoxazin-2-one,
benzoxazin-2-thione, benzoxazin-2-ylidene cyanamide, benzothiazin-2-one,
benzotluazine-2-thione, benzothiazin-2-ylidene cyanamide compounds, or derivatives
thereof.
In still a further aspect, these compounds are progesterone receptor
modulators.
In another aspect, the invention provides a method for purifying a compound
of formula I:
H
I.
Other aspects and advantages of the present invention are described further in
the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments thereof.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides methods for the purification of progesterone
receptor modulators, including agonists and antagonists, and their intermediates. In
one embodiment, the pfogesterpne receptor modulators prepared according to the
present invention contain an acidic hydrogen atom. In a further embodiment, the
progesterone receptor modulators prepared according to the present invention contain
an acidic N-H group. In still further embodiments, the compounds are indolone,
indol-thione, indol-ylidene cyanamide, benzoxazinone, benzoxazin-thione,
benzoxazin-ylidene cyanamide, benzothiazinone, benzothiazine-thione, benzothiazin-
ylidene cyanamide compounds, or derivatives thereof, or indol-2-one, indol-2-thione,
indol-2-ylidene cyanamide, benzoxazin-2-one, benzoxazin-2-thione, benzoxazin--
ylidene cyanamide, benzothiazin-2-one, benzothiazine-2-thione, benzothiazin-2-
ylidene cyanamide compounds, or derivatives thereof.
The inventors have found that by treating a crude form of a compound of
formula I with a base to form a basic salt, the basic salt can be converted to a purified
form of the same compound. See, Scheme 1, wherein A, B, T, Q, and R1 are defined
uoiOW.
I. Definitions
The term "alkyl" is used herein to refer to both straight- and branched-chain
saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, or 1 to
about 6 carbon atoms. The term "alkenyl" is used herein to refer to both straight- and
branched-chain alkyl groups having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds and
containing about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, the term alkenyl
refers to an alkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon-carbon double bonds and having 2 to
about 6 carbon atoms. The term "alkynyl" group is used herein to refer to both
straight- and branched-chain alkyl groups having one or more carbon-carbon triple
bond and having 2 to about 8 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, the term alkynyl
refers to an alkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon-carbon triple bonds and having 2 to
about 6 carbon atoms.
The term "cycloalkyl" is used herein to refer to an alkyl group, as previously
described, that is cyclic in structure and has about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms, about 4
to about 8 carbon atoms, or about 5 to about 8 carbon atoms;
The terms "substituted alkyl", "substituted alkenyl", "substituted alkynyl", and
"substituted cycloalkyl" refer to alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and cycloalkyl groups,
respectively, having one or more substituents the same or different including, without
limitation, halogen, CN, OH, NO2., amino, aryl, heterocyclic, alkoxy, aryloxy,
alkylcarbonyl, alkylcarboxy, and arylthio, which groups can be optionally substituted.
These substituents can be attached to any carbon of an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group
provided that the attachment constitutes a stable chemical moiety.
The term "aryl" as used herein as a group or part of a group refers to an
aromatic system which can include a single ring or multiple aromatic rings fused or
linked together where at least one part of the fused or linked rings forms the
conjugated aromatic system e.g. having 6 to 14 carbon atoms. The aiyl groups can
include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, anthryl,
tetrahydronaphthyl, phenanthryl, indene, benzonaphthyl, fiuorenyl, and carbazolyl.
The term "substituted aryl" refers to an aryl group which is substituted with
one or more substituents the same or different including halogen, CN, OH, NO2,
amino, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkyloxy, alkylcarbonyl,
alkylcarboxy, aminoalkyl, and arylthio, which groups can be optionally substituted.
In one embodiment, a substituted aryl group is substituted with 1 to about 4
substituents.
The term "heterocyclic" as used herein refers to a stable 4- to 10-membered
monocyclic or multicyclic heterocyclic ring which is saturated, partially unsaturated,
or wholly unsaturated. The heterocyclic ring has carbon atoms and one or more
heteroatoms including nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur atoms. In one embodiment, the
heterocyclic ring has 1 to about 4 heteroatoms in the backbone of the ring. When the
heterocyclic ring contains nitrogen or sulfur atoms in the backbone of the ring, the
nitrogen or sulfur atoms can be oxidized. The term "heterocyclic" also refers to
multicyclic rings in which a heterocyclic ring is fused to an aryl ring, e.g., of 6 to 14
carbon atoms. The heterocyclic ring can be attached to the aryl ring through a
heteroatom or carbon atom provided the resultant heterocyclic ring structure is
chemically stable.
A variety of heterocyclic groups are known in the art and include, without
limitation, oxygen-containing rings, nitrogen-containing rings, sulfor-contoining
rings, mixed heteroatom-containing rings, fused heteroatom containing rings, and
combinations thereof. Oxygen-containing rings include, but are not limited to, furyl,
tetrahydrofuranyl, pyranyl, pyronyl, and dioxinyl rings. Nitrogen-containing rings
include, without limitation, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, pyridyl,
piperidinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyL pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, piperazinyl,
azepinyl, triazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, and azepinyl rings. Sulfur-containing rings include,
without limitation, thienyl and dithiolyl rings. Mixed heteroatom containing rings
include, but are not limited to, oxathiolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxadiazolyl,
oxatriazolyl, dioxazolyl, oxathiazolyl, oxathiolyl, oxazinyl, oxafhiazinyl, morpholinyl,
thiamoipholinyl, thiamorpholinyl sulfoxide, oxepinyl, thiepinyl, and diazepinyl rings.
Fused heteroatom containing rings include, but are not limited to, benzofuranyl,
thionapthene, inddlyl, benazazolyl, purindinyl, pyranopyrrolyl, isoindazolyl,
indoxazinyl, benzoxazolyl, anthranilyl, benzopyranyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl,
benzodiazonyl, napthylridinyl, benzothienyl, pyridopyridinyl, benzoxazinyl,
xanthenyl, acfidinyl, and purinyl rings.
The term "substituted heterocyclic" as used herein refers to a heterocyclic
group having one or more substituents the same or different including halogen, CN,
OH, NO2, amino, alkyl, cycloalkyl, allcenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkyloxy,
alkylcarbonyl, alkylcarboxy, aminoalkyl, and arylthio, which groups can be optionally
substituted. In one embodiment, a substituted heterocyclic group is substituted with 1
to about 4 substituents.
The term "alkoxy" as used herein refers to the O(alkyl) group, where the point
of attachment is through the oxygen-atom and the alkyl group is optionally
substituted.
The term "aryloxy" as used herein refers to the O(aryl) group, where the point
of attachment is through the oxygen-atom and the aryl group is optionally substituted.
The term "alkyloxy" includes hydroxyalkyl and as used herein refers to the
alkylOH group, where the point of attachment is through the alkyl group.
The term "arylthio" as used herein refers to the S(aryl) group, where the point
of attachment is through the sulfur-atom and the aryl group can be optionally
substituted.
The term "alkylcarbonyl" as used herein refers to the C(0)(alkyl) group,
where the point of attachment is through the carbon-atom of the carbonyl moiety and
the alkyl group is optionally substituted.
The term "alkylcarboxy" as used herein refers to the C(0)0(alkyl) group,
where the point of attachment is through the carbon-atom of the carboxy moiety and
the alkyl group is optionally substituted.
The term "aminoalkyl" includes "alkylamino" and as used herein refers to
both secondary and tertiary amines where the point of attachment is through the
nitrogen-atom and the alkyl groups are optionally substituted. The alkyl groups can
be the same or different.
Hie term "thioalkoxy" or "thioalkyl" as used herein refers to the S(alkyl)
group, where the point of attachment is through the sulfur-atom and the alkyl group is
optionally substituted.
The term "halogen" as used herein refers to CI, Br, F, or I groups.
The term "ester" as used herein refers to a C(0)0, where the points of
attachment are through both the Oatom and O-atom. One or both oxygen atoms of
the ester group can be replaced with a sulfur atom, thereby forming a "thioester", i.e.,
a C(0)S, C(S)0 or C(S)S group.
A "base" useful in the invention is a chemical compound having a pKa greater
than 16 that is capable of abstracting an acidic hydrogen atom bound to a molecule.
An "acid" useful in the invention is a chemical compound having a pKa of less
than 16. A number of acids can be utilized according to the present invention and
include water, mineral acids, and organic acids such as hydrochloric acid, acetic acid,
and solutions containing hydrochloric acid or acetic acid, among others. In one
embodiment, the acid is aqueous hydrochloric acid or aqueous acetic acid.
The term "purified" or "pure" as used herein refers to a compound that
contains less than about 10% impurities. In one embodiment, the term "purified" or
"pure" refers to a compound that contains less than about 5% impurities, less than
about 2% impurities, or less than about 1% impurities. The term "purified" or "pure"
can also refer to a compound that contains about 0% impurities.
The term "crude" as used herein refers to a compound that contains greater
than about 10% impurities. In one embodiment, the term "crude" refers to a
compound that contains greater than about 5% impurities, greater than about 2%
impurities, or greater than about 1 % impurities. The impurities that can be present in
a crude sample can include unused starting materials or undesirable side products
formed during the reaction to form the crude compound. In one embodiment, such
impurities are present as solids. The impurities can also include solvents that are
present or trapped in the crude compound.
By the term "dry" or "drying" is meant a procedure by which entrapped
solvents, including organic solvents, purifying solvents, solubilizing solvents, or
water, or volatile solids are removed from a sample.
The term "electron withdrawing group" as used herein is meant to describe a
chemical substituent that withdraws electrons from the chemical group to which it is
attached. Examples of electron withdrawing groups include, without limitation, CN,
S03H, C02H, C02R, CHO, COR, N02, NR3+, CF3, or CC13. In one embodiment, the
electron withdrawing group is CN.
II. Method of the invention
The present invention therefore provides methods for purifying indolone,
indol-thione, indol-ylidene cyanamide, benzoxazinone, benzoxazin-thione,
benzoxazin-ylidene cyanamide, benzothiazinone, benzothiazine-thione, benzothiazin-
ylidene cyanamide compounds, or derivatives thereof. In a further embodiment,
indol-2-one, indol-2-thione, indoI-2-ylidene cyanamide, benzoxazin-2-one,
benzoxazin-2-thione, benzoxazin-2-ylidene cyanamide, benzothiazin-2-one,
benzothiazine-2-thione, benzothiazin-2-ylidene cyanamide compounds, or derivatives
thereof, are prepared according to the present invention.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides methods for purifying
compounds of formula I.
wherein, A and B are independently selected from H, Ci to C6 alkyl,
substituted Ci to Ce alkyl, C2 to Cs alkenyl, substituted C% to Cg alkenyl, C2 to Cg
alkynyl, substituted C2 to Q alkynyl, C3 to Cs cycloalkyl, substituted C3 to Cg
cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, CORA, or
NRBCORA. Alternatively, A and B are joined to form a ring including (i) a
carbon-based 3 to 8 membered saturated spirocyclic ring; (ii) a carbon-based 3 to 8
membered spirocyclic ring containing in its backbone one or more carbon-carbon
double bonds; or (iii) a 3 to 8 membered heterocyclic ring containing in its backbone
one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of 0, S and N. The rings
are optionally substituted by from 1 to 4 groups independently selected from among
fluorine, Ci to C6 alkyl, Ci to C6 alkoxy, Ci to C6 thioalkyl, CF3j OH, CN, NH2,
NH(Ci to C& alkyl), or N(Ci to Cg alkyl)?.. In one embodiment, A and B are Ci to C99%
HPLC area).
EXAMPLE 2 - PURIFICATION OF 5-(4,4-DIMETHYL-2-THlOXO-1,4-
DIHYDRO-2H-3,1-BENZOXAZIN-6-YL)-1-METHYL-1H-PYRROLE-2-
CARBONITRILE
Crude 5-(4,4-dimethyl-2-thioxo-l,4-dihydro-2H-3,l-benzoxazin-6-yl)-l-
methyl-lH-pyrrole-2-carbonitrile (10.0 g), containing 16% of an impurity, was
suspended in MeOH (25 mL) followed by addition of potassium tert-butoxide (4.48
g). The suspension was stirred at 65°C until a clear solution was obtained. Upon
cooling to about 5°C, a 4M HC1 solution in dioxane (12 mL) was added dropwise.
The yellow precipitate was filtered and washed with a 1:1 acetone:water mixture.
RecrystaEization from an acetonerwater mixture yielded 5.4 g of the product
containing only 0.5% of the impurity.
EXAMPLE 3 - PURIFICATION OF 5-(4,4-DIMETHYL-2-THIOXO-1,4-
DIHYDRO-2H-3,1-BENZOXAZIN-6-YL)-1-METHYL-1H-PYRROLE-2-
CARBONITRILE
Crude 5-(454-dimethyl-2-thioxo-l,4-dih.ydro-2H-3,l-benzoxazm-6-yl)-l-
methyHH~pyrrole-2-cait>onitrile (10.8 g) was stirred in a 1M aqueous NaOH solution
(92 mL) for 1 hour. The insoluble material was removed by filtration and the filtrate
was slowly added to a solution of MeOH (92 mL) containing acetic acid (5.64 g).
The crystalline product was collected via filtration and dried under vacuum at about
50 °C to give 6.95 g (65% yield; purity 96.0% HPLC area).
EXAMPLE 4 - PURIFICATION OF 5-(4,4-DlMETHYL-2-OXO-1,4-DlHYDRO-
2H-3(1-BEN20XAZIN-6-YL)-1-METHYL-1H-PYRROLE-2-CARBONITRILE
SODIUM SALT
A suspension of 5-(4,4-dimethyl»2-oxo-l,4-dihydro-2H-3,l-beiizoxazin-6-yl)-
l-methyl-lH-pyrrole-2-carbonitrile in MeOH or THF, gave solutions upon addition of
potassium tert-butoxide, tetra'methylguanidine or diazabicycloundecene. The solution
in diazabicycloundecene gave the lightest-colored solution. Precipitation of the
purified product occurred Upon acidification with a 5% aqueous HC1 solution.
Substitution of acetic acid for the HC1 solution did not result in precipitation
of the purified compound.
EXAMPLE 5 - PREPARATION OF 6-BROMO-4.4-DIMETHYL-
BENZOXAZINE-2-ONE SODIUM SALT
6-Bromo-4,4-diniethyl-benzoxazine~2--one (2.59 g) was dissolved in THF (50
mL) at ambient temperature followed by addition of sodium tert-butoxide (0.96 g).
The mixture was gently heated until a solution was obtained. The solution was
evaporated to give a white solid (2.86 g; quant, yield) that was soluble in N-
metliylpyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethyl pyrimidone (DMPU) heated to about 40 to
about 50°C. 'H-NMR (DMSO-dg) did not show a peak corresponding to a N-H group.
EXAMPLE 6 - PREPARATION OF 6-BROMO-4.4-DIMETHYL-
BENZOXAZINE-2-ONE LITHIUM SALT
Similarly, 6-bromo-4,4-dimethyl-benzoxazine-2-one (2.55 g) was reacted with
lithium tert-butoxide (10 mL of 1M solution in THF). After evaporation a brownish
solid was obtained (3.35 g; quant yield) that was soluble in dimethyl pyrimidone
(DMPU) without heating. JH NMR (DMSO-dg) did not show a peak corresponding to
a N-H group.
EXAMPLE 7- PREPARATION AND PURIFICATION OF 5-BROMO-
SPlRO[CYCLOHEXANE-1,3'-[3H]-INDOL]-2'(1 H)-ONE
5-Bromo-spiro[cyclohexane-l,3'-[3H]-indolJ-2'(lH)-one was prepared from
5-bromooxihdole (150 g) using 3 eq. of potassium tert-butoxide in THF at about 0 to
about 5°C. Upon completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture containing the
potassium salt was quenched with dilute HC1 (1 L) to a pH of about 1. The organic
layer was washed with brine and distilled to remove some THF. Distillation was
continued while acetonitrile was added. The precipitated product was filtered,
washed with acetonitrile and dried in a vacuum oven to give 5-bromo-
spiro[cyclohexane-l,3'-[3H]-indol]-2'(lH)-one (158 g; 80% yield; purity 98.1%
HPLC area).
EXAMPLE 8 - PREPARATION OF 5'~(5-CYANO-1-METHYL-1H-PYRROL-2-
YL)SPIRO[CYCLOHEXANE-1,3'~[3H3INDOL]-2'-YLIDENECYANAMIDE
CHOLINE SALT
5'-(5-Cyano-l-methyHH-pyrrol-2-yl)spiro[cyclohexane-l,3'-[3H]indol]-2'-
ylidenecyanamide (0.96 g) in ethanol (20 mL) was reacted with choline hydroxide
(0.91 g; 45% solution in methanol) to form, upon cooling, filtering and drying, 5'-(5-
cyano-l-methyl-lH-pyrrol-2-yl)spiro[cyclohexane-l,3'-[3H]indol]-2'-
ylidenecyanamide choline salt (0.88 g) as a solid.
The solubility of 5'-(5-cyano-l-methyl-lH-pyrrol-2-yl)spiro[cyclohexane-
1,3 '-[3H]indol]-2'-ylidenecyanamide choline salt in DMF was 11 mg/mL, while the
solubility of 5'-(5-Cyano-l-methyl-lH-pyrrol-2-yl)spiro[cyclohexane-l,3'-
[3H]indol]-2'-ylidenecyanamide was 3 mg/mL. Similarly, the melting point of 5'-(5-
cyano-l-methyl-lH-pyrrol-2-yl)spiro[cycIohexane-l,3'-[3H]indol]-2'-
ylidenecyanamide choline salt was 205.5°C, while the melting point of 5'-(5-Cyano-
1 -methyl-lH-pynx>l-2-yl)spiro[cyclohexane-l ,3 '-[3H]indol]-2'-ylidenecyanamide
was 270.5-273.5°C.
The choline salt had individual particles of about 5-30 pm. When the choline
salt was combined in water to form a slurry, the precipitated material of the parent
compound had particles of about 20-50 pun.
The ^-NMR data (DMSO-de) for the neutral compound (X=H) and salt
(X=choline) was obtained and is set forth below in Table 1.
Table 1
EXAMPLE 9 - PURIFICATION OF 5-(2'-TH!OXOSPIRO[CYCLOHEXANE-
1,3'-[3H]INDOL]-5'-YL)-1-METHYL-1 H-PYRROLE-2-CARBONITRlLE
5-(2'-Thioxospiro[cyclohexane-l,3'-[3H]indol]-5,-yl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrrole-2-
carbonitrile (12.3 g, 98.7% purity) was dissolved in boiling diethylamine (280 mL).
A portion of the solvent was distilled off and water (230 mL) was added to form a
suspension. The solids were removed via filtration, washed with water and dried at
47°C in vacuo to give 11.25 g (91.5% yield, 99.1% purity, 0.52% residual
diethylamine) of purified product.
EXAMPLE 10 - COMPARISON OF CHEMICAL SHIFTS OF 5'-(5-CYANO-1-
METHYL-1 H-PYRROL-2-YL)SPIRO[CYCLOHEXANE-1,3'-[3H]INDOL]-2'-
YLIDENECYANAMiDE AND SALTS THEREOF
5'-(5-Cyano-l-metlayl-lH-pyrrol-2--yl)spiro[cycloliexane-lJ3'-[3H]indol]-2'-
ylidenecyanamide (0.96 g) in ethanol (20 mL) was reacted with the bases set forth in
Table 2 to form, upon cooling, filtering and. drying, 5'-(5-cyano-l-methyl-lH-pyrrol-
2-yl)spiro[cyclohexane-l,3'-[3H]indol]-2'-ylidenecyanamide salt as a solid. The JH-
NMR spectra (DMSO-de) of the purified compound (X=H) and isolated salts (X=Na,
K, choline, and Et2NH-H) were obtained and the data compiled in Table 2.
This example illustrates that when diethylamine is utilized as the base, the
diethylamine salt produces peaks in the !H-1SIMR spectra that are not consistent with
the peaks for the neutral parent compound or the sodium, potassium, or choline salts.
Specifically, the peaks in the !H-MvlR spectrum for the diethylamine salt are at
chemical shifts between the neutral and sodium, potassium, or choline salts.
EXAMPLE 11 -PREPARATION OF 5~(2'-TH!OXOSP!RO[CYCLOHEXANE-
1,3'-[3H]INDOL]-5'-YL)-1-METHYL-1 H-PYRROLE-2-CARBONITRILE
SODIUM SALT
5-(2 '-Thioxospiro[cyclohexane-l ,3 '-[3H]indol] -5 '-yl)-l -methyl-1 H-pyrrole-2-
carbonitrile (0.72 g) was dissolved in TPIF (10 mL) at ambient temperature. One mL
of this solution was mixed with aqueous IN NaOH (0.22 mL). Evaporation and
trituration with heptane gave 5-(2'-thioxospiro[cyclohexane-l,3'-[3H]indol]-5'-yl)-l-
methyl-lH-pyrrole-2-cafbonitrile sodium salt as a solid (mp 83.4°C).
EXAMPLE 12 - PREPARATION OF 5-(2'-THIOXOSPIRO[CYCLOHEXANE-
1,343H]INDOL]5'-YL)-1-METHYL-1H-PYRROLE-2-CARBONITRILE
CHOLINE SALT
5-(2'-THoxospiro[cyclohexane-l:,3'-[3H]indol]-5'-yl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrrole-2-
carbonitrile (0.72 g) was dissolved in THF (10 mL) at ambient temperature. One mL
of this solution was mixed with aqueous IN choline hydroxide (62.1 mg, 45%
solution in MeOH). Evaporation and trituration with heptane gave 5-(2'-
thioxospiro[cyclohexane-l ,3 '-[3H]indol]-5 '-yl)-l -methyl- lH-pyrrole-2-carbonitrile
sodium salt as a solid (mp 159 °C).
EXAMPLE 13 - PREPARATION OF 5-(2'-THlOXOSPIRO[CYCLOHEXANE-
1,3'-[3H]lNDOL]5'-YL)-1-METHYL-1 H-PYRROLE-2-CARBONITRILE
POTASSIUM SALT-
(i) Procedure A
5-(25-Thioxospiro[cyclohexane-l,3'-[3H]indol]-5'-yl)-l-methyl-lH-
pyrrole-2-earbonitrile (0.72 g) was dissolved in THF (10 mL) at ambient temperature.
One mL of this solution was mixed with potassium tert-butoxide (25.3 mg).
Evaporation and trituration with heptane gave 5-(2'-tliioxospiro[cyclohexane-l ,3 '-
[3H]indol]-5'-yl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrrole-2-carbonitrile sodium salt as a solid (mp 79.2
°C).
(ii) Procedure B
5-(2'-Thioxospiro[cyclohexane-l!3'-[3H]indol]-5'-yl)-l-methyl-lH-
pyrrole-2-carbonitrile (0.163 g) was suspended in acetone (3 mL). Anhydrous 325
mesh potassium carbonate (0.726 g) was added and the mixture was stirred under
nitrogen overnight. The stirred mixture was filtered, washed with acetone (5 mL) and
the filtrate evaporated to give 5-(2'-thioxospiro[cyclohexane-l,3'-[3H]indol]-5'-yl)-l-
methyl-lH-pyrrole-2-carbonirrile potassium salt (0.185 g) as a solid. 'H-NMR
(DMSO-d6, ppm): (absent N-H), 7.64, 7.25, 7.05, 7.0, 6.27, 3.72, 2.1-1.65, and 1.1-
1.0.
EXAMPLE 14 - PURIFICATION OF 5-(2'-THIOXOSPIRO[CYCLOHEXANE-
1,3'-[3H]INDOL3-5'-YL)-1-METHYL-1H-PYRROLE-2-CARBONITRILE VIA ITS
SODIUM SALT
Crude 5-(2'-tlaioxospiro[cyclohexane-l,3'-[3HJindol]-5'-yl)-l-methyl»lH-
pyrrole-2-carbonitrile (1.0 g, purity 97.3% HPLC area) was suspended in acetone (6.6
mL) and water (2 mL). Sodium hydroxide (0.33 g, 50% solution in water) was added
and the mixture was warmed to 32-35 °C for 15 min. The warmed solution was
filtered, diluted with water (2 mL) and cooled to 5-10 °C. The cooled solution was
then neutralized with aqueous HC1 to a pH of 5-7, stirred for 30 minutes, filtered and
washed with a mixture of acetone-water (1:1) to give purified 5-(2 '-
thioxospiro[cyclohexane-l,3'-[3H]indol]-5'-yl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrrole-2-carbonitrile
(0.97 g, purity 98.7% HPLC area). JHNMR (DMSO-d6, ppm): 12.75 (N-H), 7.82,
7.44,7.15, 7.04, 6.35, 3.72, 2.0-1.7, and 1.4-1.3.
EXAMPLE 15 - PURIFICATION OF 5-(2'-THIOXOSPIRO[CYCLOHEXANE-
1,3'-[3H3INDOL]-5'-YL)-1-METHYL-1H-PYRROLE-2-CARBONlTRILE VIA ITS
CESIUM SALT
5-(2'-Thioxospiro[cyclohexane-i,3'-[3H]indol]-5'-yl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrrole-2-
carbonitrile (0.204 g, 96.8% HPLC area) was heated to reflux with cesium carbonate
(0.419 g) in ethanol SDA3 (5 mL) to form a clear solution. Water (5 mL) was added,
followed by concentrated HC1 (0.3 mL) to a pH of 6. The obtained solids were
filtered, washed with water (3 mL) and dried to give purified 5-(2'-
thioxospiro [cyclohexane-1,3' -[3H]indol]-5' -yl) -1 -methyl-1 H-pyrrole-2-carbonitrile
(0.176 g, 99.0% HPLC area).
EXAMPLE 16 - PURIFICATION OF 5'-(5-CYANO-1-METHYL-1 H-PYRROL-
2-YL)SPIRO[CYCLOHEXANE-1,3'-[3H]INDOL]-2'-YLIDENECYANAMIDE
- VIA ITS POTASSIUM SALT
Crude 5'-(5-cyano-l-methyl-lH--pyirol-2-yl)spiro[cyclohexane-ls3'-
[3H]indol]-2'-ylidenecyanamide (2.7 g; purity 90% HPLC area) was dissolved in
. DMSO (11 mL) at 60-70°C, followed by addition of isopropanol (30 mL). After
cooling the suspension to 10°C, the cooled suspension was filtered and washed with
isopropanol. The resultant wet cake containing residual DMSO was suspended in
isopropanol (10 mL) and potassium tert-butoxide (1.9 g) was added. The resultant
clear solution was cooled to 5-15°C and acidified with 10% HC1 to a pH of 3-4 to
form a suspension. The suspension was filtered and washed with water until a sample
of the filtrate was found to be neutral according to pH. The obtaining solids were
dried in vacuo to give purified 5'-(5-cyano-l-methyl-lH-pyrrol-2-
yl)spiro[cyclohexane-l,3'-[3H]indol]-2'-ylidenecyanamide (1.8 g, 67% yield based
on the crude; purity 98.9% HPLC area; DMSO 0.008%).
EXAMPLE 17 - DEPLETION OF RESIDUAL PALLADIUM FROM 5'-(5-
CYANO-1-METHYL-1 H-PYRROL-2-YL)SPIRO[CYCLOHEXANE-1,3'-
[3H]iNDOL]-2'-YLIDENECYANAMIDE VIA ITS POTASSIUM SALT
Crude 5'-(5-cyano-l-methyl-lH-pyrrol-2-yl)spiro[cyclohexane-l,3'-
[3H]indol]-2'-ylidenecyanamide (1.0 g) containing residual Pd (5100 ppm) was
.suspended in THF (5 mL). Upon addition of aqueous 1M KOH (5 mL), a clear
orange solution was obtained. N-Acetylcysteine (1.3 g) was added, the mixture was
stirred for 1 hour, and filtered. Ten percent aqueous HC1 (3 mL) was added dropwise
to the filtrate causing precipitation of a white solid. The solution was filtered, the
solid washed with methanol, and the washed solid dried to give 5'-(5-cyano-l-methyl-
lH-pyrrol-2-yl)spiro[cyclohexane-l,3'-[3H]indol])-2'-ylidenecyanamide (0.6 g; 60%
yield; 96 ppm Pd).
EXAMPLE 18 - PREPARATION OF 5'-(5-CYANO-1-METHYL-1H-PYRROL-
2-YL)SPIRO[CYCLOHEXANE-1,3'-[3H]INDOL]-2'-YLIDENECYANAMIDE
DIETHYLAMINE SALT/COMPLEX
5'<5-Cyano-l-methyl-lH-pyrrol--2-yl)spiro[cyclohexane-l,3'-[3H]indol]-2'-
ylidenecyanamide (16 g) in THF (100 mL) was treated with, diethylamine (37 g) and
xefluxed until a solution was obtained. Upon cooling to ambient temperature, a white
precipitate was formed. The solution was filtered, the precipitate washed with THF
and dried to give 18.0 g (90% yield) of the diethylamine salt/complex. !H NMR
(DMSO-de, ppm): 7.58, 7.21, 7.05, 7.00, 6.5-6 (br), 6.27, 3.71,2.80 (q), 1.9-1.7,1.5-
1.4, and 1.10 (t).
EXAMPLE 19 - PURIFICATION OF 5'-(5-CYANO-1-METHYL-1H-PYRROL-
2-YL)SPIRO[CYCLOHEXANE-1,3'-[3H]INDOL]-2'-YLIDENECYANAMiDE
VIA ITS DIETHYLAMINE SALT/COMPLEX
Crude 5 '-(5-cyano-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrrol-2-yl)spiro[cyclohexane-1,3'-
[3H]indol]-2'-ylidenecyanamide (95.0 g; purity 78% HPLC area) in THF (250 mL)
was treated with diethylamine (105 g) and refluxed with a concomitant addition of
THF (3.35 L) until dissolved. The solvent was distilled off (2.5 L) during which a
precipitate was formed. The flask was cooled to ambient temperature and the white
precipitate was filtered, washed with ether and dried to give 58.0 g (61% yield) of
purified 5'-(5-cyano-l-methyl-lH-pyrrol-2-yl)spiro[cyclohexane-l,3'-[3H]indol])-2'-
ylidenecyanamide (purity >99% HPLC area).
All publications listed in this specification are incorporated herein by
reference. While the invention has been described with reference to a particularly
preferred embodiment, it will be appreciated that modifications can be made without
departing from the spirit of the invention. Such modifications are intended to fall
within the scope of the appended claims.
WE CLAIM:
1. A method fbrpurnyiag a compound of formula I:
•wherein:
A sod 3 are joked to ibmi -a rmg coinniisms (i). (H), or
£55):
© a carbon-based 3 to 8 membered saturated spirocycEc
(5) a carbon-based 3 to 8 membered spirocyclic ring con-
tatnfng in its backbone one or more carbon-canxm
double bonds; or
(51) a 3 to 8 membered beterocycSc ring containing in its
backbone erne to tares b^eros&niS selected from, the
STOOD can^stjqg of O. S and N:
fie mss of(I), (5) and 05) being optionally sabsilLuied by
froml io 4 siuubs selected nam fee sroup cansistins: of
finarins, C3 to C5 al&yL Q to C5 alknxy. Q Id C6 frdD-
aliyL CF35 OR CN, NH^ NH(Cx to Cs alkyl). andNCQ
toCgalkyi)^
T is absent;
QisO, ^orNR3;
^isfiv^Cv^orC-vi):
(if) halogen;
(v) a substituted benzene zing containing tie substitosnts
X, YandZ as mownbdovr.
wherem:
X is selected from the group consisting of H, balogen, CN.
C^ to C3 alkyL substituted C^ to C3 aliyi, alksnyl, sub-
stituted aTicenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkyuyl, Q to Q
alkoxy snbstitiited C2 to C, sslkoxy, Q to C3 tMoafk-nxy,
substituted Q to Q thioalkDxy, amino, Cx to C3 21m-
noalkyl, substitutedCx to Q sminoalkyi, NO^ C, to Q
perfioDioalkyl, 5 or 6 membered bsterocyclic rmg con-
tEinms; in its backbone I to 3 beteicatonis, SOjNH^
COR^ OCORc, and NR^COR0;
Rc is H, Cj Id Q alkyi, snbstitafed Cj to C3 alkyL aryl
substituted aryL. Q to C, a!koxys snbstitnted C, to Q
alkoxv; C* to Q gmrnoalkyL or snbstitnted Qto Cj
B? is H, Q to C3 2M or substituted C, to C3 2M;
Y and. Z are independently selected fom the grasp con-
sisting of H, halogen. CN, NOj, amino, aminoalkyl, Cx
to C3 alkoxy, Cx to C3 alkyL, andQ to C, tmoslkoxy: or
(yi) a nre or six memberediingbavnig in its backbone 1,2,
or 3 beteroatoms selected feom fee group consisting of
' O. S, SO, S02 and NR2 and containing one or two sub-
stitnents mdependsatly selected som the group consist-
ing ofH, halogen, CN, NO^ amino, C: to C3 afkyU^ to
C3 alkosy. C^ to C3 aminoalkyl, SC^NB^ COR*, and
NR-'COR^;
R£ is H, CL to C3 alky!, substituted Q to Q alkyi, sryl
substituted aryl, Ca to Q alkaxy, substituted Q to Q
slkoxy, Cj to C^ aminoaliyi, or substituted C^ to Cg
aminoalkyl;
R^is H, Cj to C, alky!, or substituted C, to Cj 2M
R2 is H, absent, O, or C^ to CA alkyl; and
R3 is Cx to C5 alkyl, substituted Cj to Cg aftyl, aryl sub-
stituted aryl, CN, C(0)R4 SCX^R4. SCN. OR4, SR4
CTOPR4 C(S)OR4 C(0)SK*, or C(S>SR4;
R4 is Cj to Cs alkyl, substituted Q to Q alkyL aryL at
substituted aryfc
wherein said method comprises:
(2) treating a sample of 2 compound of fannnl21 which
contains greater than about 1% by weight imparities
with 2 base in the presence of a sorvent to form a basic
salt; and
(b) concerting said basic salt to a purified form of a com-
pound of formula I by treating said basic salt with water,
acid, or neat
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said com-
pound ofihrninla lis selected irom the group consisting of an
mdol-2-one, Tndpj-2-mJons, indol-2-yHdene cyanarride.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said solvent is
selected fem the group consisting of tetrahydrofnran, metha-
nol, diethylamine, acetone, and water.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1„ wherein said base is
selected fexni the group consisting of an alkoxide salt, diethy-
iamine, a hydroxide salt, teiramemylgnanidme, and diazahi-
cycloundeceae,
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein said hydrox-
ide salt is sodium hydroxide, choline hydroxide, orpotassmni
hydroxide.
6. The method as claimed in claim 4. wherein said alkcxide
salt is selected from the group consisting of potasshun tert-
bmoxide, sodium lert-bntoxide, Mmnn tert-iuioxide,
sodium, meihoxide, sadmm epoxide, scdrnin tert-pentoxide,
and potassium leit-pentoxide.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1. wherein said basic salt
is soluble in said servant.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1 y wherein said basic salt
is insolrible in said solvent
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, further comprising
isolating said basic salt
10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein said isola-
tion is performed using filtration.
11. The method as claimed in claim 9, "wherein said isolated
basic salt is dissolved in a sohiMIizing solvent
12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein said som-
hWrrmcr solvent is acetone or aaneons acetone.
13. The method as claimed in claim 1,. further comprising
jHtfrrng the product of step (a).
14. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said purified
compound of ibirrnna I is precipitated
15. The method as claimed in claim 14. wherein said pre-
cipitation is performed using an acid.
16. The method as claimed in claim 15, "wherein said acid is
an organic acid or a mineral acid.
17. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein said acid is
selected fern the group consisting of hydrochloric acid and
acetic acid.
18. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein said pre-
cipitation is performed using water
19. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein said pre-
cipitation is performed rising heat
20. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising
isolating said purified compound of formula I.
21. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising
jyi-.ry.uiuWTinv said purified compound of formula I.
22. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising
ccErperting said purified compound of formula I Id a phanna-
ceulicaBy acceptable salt thereof
23. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said com-
pound of formula I is selected from me group consisting of
S^-^no^Dspirofcyclohesane-l 3-{3Hrmcbl]-l -methy±-2-
p^Lrdh-2-osft^mtnlQi 54^Qmo^rro[cycIohexai3e-I3t-
[3HJ-mdol-2(lH}-Qne3 andS-rramo-spu^Fcyciohsxans-lS1-
[3H3-indbl-2ClH>thicme.
24. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said basic
salt is selected from the group consisting ^-(S-cyano-l-ine-
myl-lH-pyrrole-2-yI)spiro[cyclohsxaie-13f-[3I^-mdol]-2f-
yBdenecvanamide choline salt and ^-(S-cyanc^l-metrryi-
XH-pyrioI-2-yl)spiix{cydohexane-l J'-iSHj-indol]^-
yHdenecyanamide choline salt
25. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said electron
withdrawing group of R3 is CN".
26. A method for purifying a compound of formula I:
wherein:
A and B his independently selected from the grasp con-
sisting of Cj to Ce elkyi substituted C^ to Ce alkyl, C^ to
C6 alkenyi, substituted C, to C6 alkenyi, Q to Cg alky-
nyl substituted C2 to C6 alkynyL C3 to Q cycloalkyl,
sabstimted Q to Cg cycloalkyl, aryi, substituted sry%
heterocyclic, subsiiLuled heterocyclic, COR^, andNS^-
. R^ is selected man fee gronp consisting of H. C, to Q
alky], substituted Cx to Q 2lkyL aiyl, substituted aryl, C,
to C3 alkoxy, sobstitnted Cx to C* alkcxy. amino, Cj to
C3 sminoalkyl, and substituted Cj to C* azninoalkyl;
R* is H, C, to C, sikyL or substituted CL to C3 alkyl;
Tis absent;
QisO?S5orNR3:
Ri is (iv) or (v):
Qv) a substimted benzene ling containing the snhstitneiits
X, Y and Z as shcr*n "below:
wfcsran:
X is selected from the group consisting ofH, halogen, CM,
CL to C3 alkyl, substituted C: to C^ alkyl, alkenyi, sub-
stituted alkenyi, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, Q to C,
alkoxy, substituted Cx to C3 alkoxy, Cx to C- thioalkoxy.
substituted Cx to C3 thioalkDxy, amino, C2 to Q ami-
noalkyL snbstitnted C^ to C3 aminoalkyl, NO^, Cx to C3
pernuoroalkyl, 5 or 6 membered heterocyclic ling con-
taining in its backbone 1 to 3 heteroatoms, SO^NH^.
COR*5, OCORc, andNR^COR0:
Rc is EL C± to C- alkyl, substituted Cj to C3 alkyl aryi
substituted aryi, Cx to Q alkoxy. snbstitnted C. to C3
afkoxy, Cx to C3 ammoalkyl, or subs&uied C2 to CL
aminoalkyl;
X?is E, C, to Q alkyl or substituted C, to Q alkyl:
Y and Z are independently selected from the group con-
sisting of H, halogen, CN, NOj, amino, aminoalkyl. Cx
to C3 alkoxy, Cx to C$ aJkyi, aadQ to C3 thioalkaxy: or
(v) a five ox six membered ring having in its backbone 1,2,
or 3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of
O, S, SO, S02 and NR2 and containing one or two snb~
stitnents independently selected from the group consist-
ing 01H, halogen, CN, NO^ amino, Ci to C* alkyl^Cj to
C3 alkoxy. Cj to €3 ammoalkyl, SOJ^H^ COR^ and
NirCOR^
R^ is H. Q to Q alkyl, substituted Q to C3 alky^ aryi,
snhstimted aryi, Cj to Q alkoxy. substituted C^ to C3
alkoxy, Cx to C^ aminoalkyl, or snbstimted Q to C3
ammoalfcyi;
Rr is H, Cx to C3 alkyl, or snbstitnted Cx to Q alkyl:
R2 isH, absent, O, orCj to CA alkyl; and Rs is C, to C£alkyl,
snbstitnted C2 to C5 alkyl, aryi. substituted aryi, CN,
C(0)R4' SO^4, SCN, OR4, SR4 QPPR4, CCSpR4,
C(0)SR4,orC(S)SR4;
R4 is Cj to C6 alkyl, substituted C^ to C6 alkyl aryi, or
substituted aryi;
RB is H. CL to Cs alkyl, or substituted C: to C3 alkyl;
T is absent;
Q is Sox MR*
'Rr is {ty),(y), or (yi):
Qy) halogen;
(v) a snbstitnted benzene ring containing the snbsiitrients
X, Y and Z as shown below:
wherein:
X is selected from fee group consisting of H, halogen. CN,
Cj to Cj alkyl, substituted C^ to C3 alkvL alkenyl sub-
stituted alkeTTyl, alkynyl, substitnted alkynyL Cx to C^
alkoxy, substituted Cx to C3 alkoxy, d to C3 thioalkosy,
substituted Cx to C3 thioalkDxy, amino, C, to C^ aim-
noalkyl, substituted Q to C3 annnaaZkyi NQ^ Q to C3
perfluoroalkyl, 5 or 6 rnemhered heterocyclic ring con-
tainine in its backbone 1 to 3 heteroatoms, S02NH2,
COR<% OCX)Rc3 and NR°CORc;
Rc is H, Cj to C3 alkyl, substituted C; to Q alkyl, aiyi,
substituted aryl, C, to Q alkoxy, substituted C2 to C3
alkoxy, Cj to Q aminoalkyl, or snbstitnted C^to C^
andnoalkyl;
R13 is H, Q to C3 alkyl, or substituted d to Q alkyl;
Y and Z are independently selected from the group con-
sisting of H, halogen, CN, NO,, amino, armnoalkyl, C2
to C3 alkoxy, Cx to C3 alkyl, and Cx to C3 thioalkoxy; or
wherein said method comprises:
(a) treating a sample of £ compound of formula I which
contains greats' than about 1% by -weight impurities
with 2 base in the presence of a solvent to form a bade
salt; and
(b) csnverimg said basic salt to a purified zbzm of a com-
ponndof fornmla I by treating saidbasic saltwith wak£.
27. A method for bnrifvins: a coznpoimd of tbrnrnla I:
A and B are innependesny selected from the gross con-
sisting of Cx to Ce alkyi snbstitnted C, to Q alkyi. Gj to
C6 aTkssyL substituted O, to Cg alfercyi, Q to Cg aiky-
nyl, substituted C^ to C6 aJkynyl, Q to Cg cydcalkyl,
snbsiiluied C- to Cg cycloalkyL aryl, snbstitnted aiyl,
heterocyclic, snbsnnifed heterocyclic, CQRA. and NR2-
corV
S^ is selected fiam. the group consisting of H. Cx to C3
alkyL snbstitotsd C, to C3 alkyl, aryi, substitntedaryL Cj
to C, a&oxy, substituted Q to C3 alkoxy, amino, Cx to
Cs annnoalkyL and snbstitnted CL to C3 aminoalkyl:
(vi) a ibs or six nisnibered ring having mits baddsone 1,2,
or 3 ueteroatoins selected fem the group consisting of
O. S3 SO. SQj and NR2 and containing one or two sub-
stitnents mdependestry selected man the group consist-
ing ofR halogen, CN, NO^ amino, Q to Q alkyL Cx to
C* alkoxy. Cj to Q annnoalksl SO^NH^ CDR% and
R-2 is H, C to C3 alkyi, substituted Cx to Q alkyl aryL
substituted aryi, Q to CL alkoxy, substituted Cx to C3
alkoxYt Cj to €3 aminoalkyl, or substitiitsd QtoC,
sminoalkyi;
R^is H, Cj to C2 alkyi, or substituted C2 to C3 alkyi;
R2 is H, absent, b3 or Cj to Q alkyi; and
R3 is Cx to C6 alkyi, substituted Q to C5 alkyL aryl, sub-
stituted aryL CN, Qp)R*' SO^. SCN, OR*3 SR* C(0)
OR*, q£)OR4, C(0)SR43 or C(S)SR^
5^ is C, to Cg alkyi, substituted C^ to C6 alkyi, aryl, or
, substituted aryl;
wherein said method comprise:
(a) treating a sample of a compound of formula I which
contains greater than about 1% by weight impurities
with a base in fee presence of a solvent to form a basic
salt; and
(b) concerting said basic salt to a ptmSed form of a com-
rx>t2nd of formula Iby treating said basic salt with, water,
add, or heat
28. A method for purifying a compound of formats I:
wherein;
A and B are independently selected, from the group con-
sisting of Cj to C6 slkyl, Q Id C5 alkenyl, Cj to C6
alkynyL C, to Cg cycloalkyL aryL lieterocydic, snbsti-
tnted heterocycEc, COR*, and mfCOB^i
R~ is selected fenn the groop consisting of H, C^ to Cs
alkyl, ssbsfentadCjto C^ alkyl, aryi, snbstitiitedarylsC1
to Q alkoxy. substituted Q to C3 alkaxy. amino, Q to
C3 smncalkyL and substituted C^ to Q anrinoalkyl;
RskB, Q to C3 alkyL or si&stitnied Q to Gj alkyi;
Tis absent;
QisO:
Rj is Civ), (v) or (vi):
(iv) halogen:
(v) a substituted benzene ring containiiig fas snbstitiients
X, Y and Z as shown below:
wherein:
X is selected from the group consisting ofH, halogen, CN,
Cj to C3 alkyi, substituted Cx to Cs alkyl. alksnyL sub-
stituted alkenyL, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, C2 to C3
alkoxy, substituted C^ to C- alkoxy, Cr to Q thicalkosy.
substituted Ct to C~ tinoalkaxy, amino, Q to C- arm-
DoalkyL substituted C2 tc C, aimnoalkyL NO^ Cj to Q
psnooroalkyL 5 or 6 meinbei^iieteiocyclic ring con-
taining in its backbone I to 3 igfesromoms, SOjNH^
CORe5 OCORc, and N^COR^:
Rc is H, C, to Cj alkyL suhsdintBd Cj. to C^ alkyi aryL
substituted aryl, Cx to C* alkoxy, substituted Cj. to Q
alkoxy, C, to C~ armrroalkyi, ox substituted €, to C-
arrnncalkyl;
R15 is H, Q to Q alkyi, or substituted Q to C^ alkyi;
Y and Z are ilKiependenily selected irom the group con-
sisting of H. halogen. CN, NCX, amino, arrririoalkyi, Q
toQalkoxy,Cj to CL alkyi.andCxtoC,thioalkDxy;or
(vf) a nve or six rnanberedring having in its backbone 1.2,
or 3 heteroatoms selected fom the gronp consisting of
O, S, SO. SOj and NR2 and containing one or two snb-
stitaents independently selected Irani the group consist-
ing ofH,ialogsn,CN,NO2,amino,C. to C3alkyi,Qto
C= alkoxy^Q to G* aniinoalkyi, SCNH^ COR^. and -
_NRf COR-,
R^ is H, Q to Qs alkyL substituted Cx to C- alkyi, aryL
sabstitnted aryl, Ct to C. slknxy, snbstitmed C, to C3
alkoxy, Cx to C, aminoalkyl. or substituted Cj to C,
amincslkyi;
R-~is H, C2 to Q alky!, orsnbstitcSedQ to C, alkyi;
R3 is H, absent, O, orQ to C4 alkyi: and
Rs is C2 to C6 alkyi, substituted C, to C6 alkyi, aryl, snb-
stitnted aryl, CN, C(0)R4' S02R4 SCK, OR4, SK4, C(0)
OR4 C(S)OR45 C(0)SR4 or C(S)SR4;
R* is Cx to C6 alkyL, substituted Cx to C6 alkyi, aryl, or
substituted aryl;
wherein said method comprises:
(a) treating a sample of a compound of formula I which
contains greater man about 1% by weight impurities
with a base in the presence of a solvent to form a basic
salt; and
(b) converting said basic salt to a purified form of a com-
pound of fcrmnla I by freatmg saidbasic salt with wafer,
acid, or heat
29. A method far purifying a compound of formula I:
wherein:
A and B 2re independently selected from the'group con-
sistingof CitoCgalkyiand substituted Q to Chalky!: or
A and B are joined to form a carbon-based 3 to S msmbered
saturated spirocyclic rirrg. which is optionally substi-
tuted by from 1 to 4 groups selected man the group
consisting of nuarine, C2 to C6 alkyl, C to Ce alkoxy, Cx
to C6 thioaikyi CF3, OH, CNT, Nf4 NH(Q to C6 alkyl),
andNCCitoQalkyl)^
lis absent
QisOjSjGrNRg.
R, is Civ), (\% or (vi):
(W) halogen;
(v) a substituted benzene ring containing the snbsntosnts
X. Y and Z as shown below:
wherein:
X is selected fesin the group consisting ofH. halogen. CN,
**-o to C3 as»ryi; sntstrnited C^ to Q? SsKyi., slksoyl, stii/-
snmted alksayi, slkywL stibsntnted alkynyL Q to C3
alknxy. snbstitnred Q to C, alkoxy, Cx to C3 thioalkQxy,
snbstitnled C^ to C3 tmoaJkorfj amino, Q to Q and-
noalkvl sdbsfitnfed. C, to Q ananoalkyi, NO^, C, to Q
perfmoTDalkyl, 5 or 6 inembered heterocyclic ring con-
taining in its backbone 1 to 3 heteroatems, SOjNH^,
COR0, OCORc; and m?COR.c:
Rc is H, Q to C3 alfcyi, snbstitnisd C, to C, alkyl, aryL
substituted aryl Ci to C3 alknxy, substitntsd Cj to C~
alkoxy, C2 to C3 aminoalkyL. or snh&Txtnted Cx to Q
aniinoalkyi;
R^ is H, Q to Cs alky!, or robstituted C2 to C3 alkyl:
Y and Z are independently selected &om the group con-
sg
sisting of H, halogen, CN, NO^ amino, aminoalkyl, Ca
to C3 alkoxy, CL to C3 alkyl, and C^ to C3 thioalkoxy; or
(vi) a five or sis membered ring having in its backbone 1,2,
or 3 heteroaiams selected fenn the gronp consisting of
O, S, SO, S02 and NR2 and containing one or two sub-
stituents independently selected from.the gronp consist-
ing ofH, halogen, CN, NO^ amino, Q to C3 alkyl, Cx to
Gj alkoxy, Q to Q aminoalkyl, SO J4H2, CORF, and
NR'COR^;
R2 is H, Q to C3 alkyl, snbstitnted C, to Q alkyl, aryi,
snbstitnted aryi, C, to Q alkoxy, substituted Cx to C3
alkoxy, Q to C~ aminoalkyl, or scbsntntsd C^ to C,
aminoalkyl;
Zf is R Cj to C- alky!, or safastimtsd C^ to Q alkyl;
R2 Is H, absent. O. orQ to C4 alkyl; and
R3 is Cx to C6 alkyl, snbstitnted Cj to C6 alkyl, aryl, sub-
stitntedaryl, CN, 0(0)^ SO^, SCN, OR4, SR4, C(0)
OR4, CCSPR4,C(0)SK*9 or C(S)SR4;
R4 is Cj to Cg alkyl, substituted Cx to C6 alkyL aryl, or
substituted aryl;
wherein said method comprises:
(a) treating a sample of a compound of fatnmla I which
contains greater "man about 1% by weight iirgrarities
"wifh. a base is the presence of a solvent to form, a basic
salt; and
(b) converting said basic salt to a pnfned form of a com-
ponnd of formula Iby treating said basic salt with water,
acid, or heat
Methods for purifying a compound of formula I are provided, wherein A, B, X, Q, and R are defined herein. The
methods include mixing the compound of formula I and a. solvent; adding a base to the solvent; and precipitating purified compound
of formula, I.