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A Substituted Phenyl Methanone Pyrrolidinyl Methyl Pyrrolidinyl Compound Useful As Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists And Pharmaceutical Composition Thereof

Abstract: The present invention discloses novel compounds of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which have histamine-H3 receptor antagonist or inverse agonist activity, as well as methods and intermediates for preparing such compounds. In another embodiment, the invention discloses pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of Formula (I) as well as methods of using them to treat obesity, cognitive deficiencies, narcolepsy, and other histamine H3 receptor-related diseases.

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Patent Information

Application #
Filing Date
19 September 2007
Publication Number
12/2008
Publication Type
INA
Invention Field
PHARMACEUTICALS
Status
Email
Parent Application
Patent Number
Legal Status
Grant Date
2013-11-27
Renewal Date

Applicants

ELI LILLY AND COMPANY
LILLY CORPORATE CENTRE, CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS, STATE OF INDIANA

Inventors

1. LISA SELSAM BEAVERS
74 NORTH EDWARDS STREET, FRANKLIN, INDIANA 46131
2. DON RICHARD FINLEY
4644 MACY DRIVE, GREENWOOD, INDIANA 46142
3. ROBERT ALAN GADSKI
4431 NORTH ILLINOIS, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA 46208
4. PHILIP ARTHUR HIPSKIND
4255 CABIN COURT, NEW PALESTINE, INDIANA 46163
5. CYNTHIA DARSHINI JESUDASON
1090 FLEETWOOD DRIVE, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA 46228
6. RICHARD TODD PICKARD
20980 PRAIRIE BAPTIST ROAD, NOBLESVILLE, INDIANA 46060
7. FREDDIE CRAIG STEVENS
8039 PAINTED PONY DRIVE, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA 46217
8. TAKAKO TAKAKUWA
7653 GERMANDER LANE, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA 46237

Specification

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to novel substituted phenyl-methanone-pyrrolidinyl- methyl-pyrrolidinyl compounds, and to the use of these compounds as pharmaceutical compositions, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, to methods of treatment employing these compounds and compositions, and to intermediates and methods for making these compounds. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The histamine H3 receptor is relatively neuron specific and inhibits the release of a number of monoamines, including histamine. The histamine H3 receptor is a presynaptic autoreceptor and hetero-receptor located both in the central and the peripheral nervous system. The histamine H3 receptor regulates the release of histamine and other neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and acetylcholine. These are examples of histamine H3 receptor mediated responses. Recent evidence suggests that the H3 receptor shows intrinsic, constitutive activity, in vitro as well as in vivo (i.e. it is active in the absence of an agonist). Compounds acting as inverse agonists can inhibit this activity. A histamine H3 receptor antagonist or inverse agonist would therefore be expected to increase the release of H3 receptor-regulated neurotransmitters in the brain. A histamine H3 receptor agonist, on the contrary, leads to an inhibition of the biosynthesis of histamine and an inhibition of the release of histamine and also of other neurotransmitters such as serotonin and acetylcholine. These findings suggest that histamine H3 receptor agonists, inverse agonists, and antagonists could be important mediators of neuronal activity, and the activities of other cells that may express this receptor. Inverse agonism or selective antagonism of the histamine H3 receptor raises brain levels of histamine, and other monoamines, and inhibits activities such, as food consumption while minimizing non- specific peripheral consequences. By this mechanism, they induce a prolonged wakefulness, improved cognitive function, reduction in food intake and normalization of vestibular reflexes. Accordingly, the histamine H3 receptor is an important target for new therapeutics in Alzheimer disease, mood and attention adjustments, cognitive deficiencies, obesity, dizziness, schizophrenia, epilepsy, sleeping disorders, narcolepsy and motion sickness. Histamine mediates its activity via four receptor subtypes, H1R, H2R, H3R and a newly identified receptor designated GPRv53 [(Oda T., et al, J.BioI.Chem. 225 (47): 36781-6 (2000)], and alternative names for this receptor are PORT3 or H4R. Although relatively selective ligands have been developed for H1R, H2R and H3R, few specific ligands have been developed that can distinguish H3R from GPRv53. GPRv53 is a widely distributed receptor found at high levels in human leukocytes. Activation or inhibition of this receptor could result in undesirable side effects when targeting antagonismof the H3R receptor. The identification of the H4R receptor has fundamentally changed histamine biology and must be considered in the development of histamine H3 receptor antagonists. Some histamine H3 receptor antagonists were created which resembled histamine in possessing an imidazole ring generally substituted in the 4(5) position (Ganellin et al„ Ars Pharmaceutica, 1995,36:3,455-468). A variety of patents and patent applications directed to antagonists and agonists having such structures include EP 197840, EP 494010, WO 97/29092, WO 96/38141, and W096/38142. These imidazole-containing compounds have the disadvantage of poor blood-brain barrier penetration, interaction with cytochrome P-450 proteins, and hepatic and ocular toxicities. Recently other imidazole and non-imidazole ligands of the histamine H3 receptor have been described, such as those in WO2002076925. The compounds of the present invention differ in structure from the compounds described in the art. There remains a need for improved treatments using alternative or improved pharmaceutical agents that act as histamine H3 receptor agonists, inverse agonists, or antagonists,.to modulate H3 receptor activity, and treat the diseases that could benefit from H3 receptor modulation. The present invention provides such a contribution to the art based on the finding that a novel class of substituted phenyl-methanone-pyrrolidinyl- methyl-pyrrolidinyl compounds has a high affinity, selective, and potent activity at the histamine H3 receptor. The subject invention is distinct in the particular structures and their activities. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a compound structurally represented by Formula I: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof Wherein: Y independently represents carbon or nitrogen; R1 is independently -H, provided that when R1 is H, and Y is carbon, and R5 is -H, then R4 is not fluorine attached to a position adjacent to the -OR1 substituent on the phenyl ring of the parent molecule; and further provided that when R1 is H, and Y is carbon, and R4 is -H, then R5 is not fluorine attached to a position adjacent to the -OR1 substituent on the phenyl ring of the parent molecule, -(C1-C7) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 4 halogens, or wherein R1 is -CH3 then optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), provided that when Y is carbon, then R1 is not -(CH2)3-CI, -(C3-C8) cycloalkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), -(C1-C7) alkyl-O-R3, -(C1-C7) alkyl-S(O)2-(C1-C3) alkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-C(O)-O-R3,-(C1-C7) alkyl-S(O)2-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C1-C7) alkyI-S-(C1-C7) alkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-(C3-C8) cycloalkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-O-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkyl-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl, -(C3-C8) cydoalkenyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-O-R3, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S(OMC1-C3) alkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-C(O)-O-R3, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S(O)2-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S-(C1-C7) alkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-(C3-C8) cycloalkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-O-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), or -phenyl optionally substituted once or twice with R2, and independently optionally substituted once or twice with R3; R2 is independently at each occurrence - H, - halogen, -(C1-C7) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), -C(O)R7, -C(O)OR7, -C(O)(C3-C:0cycloalkyl, -OCF3, -OR7, -SR7, -S02R7, -S02CF3, or -S(O)R7; R3 is independently at each occurrence -H, or -(C1-C4) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens); R4 and R5 are independently at each occurrence -H, - halogen, -(C1-C3) (alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), or -OR3, provided that when Y is nitrogen, then R4 or R5 are not attached to Y, R6 is independently at each occurrence -H, - halogen, -CF3, -(C1-C3) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), or -OR3; and R7 is independently at each occurrence - H, -(C1-C7) alkyl, or -(C2-C7) alkenyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens). The present invention provides compounds that show a selective and high affinity binding for the histamine H3 receptor, and thus the compounds are useful as histamine H3 receptor antagonists or inverse agonists. In another aspect, the present invention provides compounds that are useful as selective antagonists or inverse agonists of the histamine H3 receptor but have little or no binding affinity of GPRv53. In addition, the present invention provides a method for the treatment of a nervous system disorder, which comprises administering to a patent in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula I. The present invention further provides a method for the treatment of obesity or cognitive disorders, which comprises administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula I. In yet another aspect, the present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising antagonists or inverse agonists of the histamine H3 receptor. Statement of the Invention The present invention relates to a substituted phenyl-methanone-pyrrolidinyl-methyl- pyrrolidinyl compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein: Y independently represents carbon or nitrogen, R1 is independently -H, provided that when R1 is H, and Y is carbon, and R5 is -H, then R4 is not fluorine attached to a position adjacent to the -OR1 substituent on the phenyl ring of the parent molecule; and further provided that when R1 is H, and Y is carbon, and R4 is -H, then R5 is not fluorine attached to a position adjacent to the -OR1 substituent on the phenyl ring of the parent molecule, -(C1-C7) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 4 halogens, or wherein R1 is -CH3, then optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), provided that when Y is carbon, then R1 is not -(CH2)3-Cl, -(C3-C8) cycloalkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), -(C1-C7) alkyl-O-R3, -(C1-C7) alkyl-S(O)2-(C1-C3) alkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-C(O)-O-R3, -(C1-C7) alkyl-S(O)2-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C1-C7) alkyl-S-C1-C7) alkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-(C3-C8) cycloalkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-O-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkyl-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl, -(C3-C8) cycloalkenyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-O-R3, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S(O)2-(C1-C3) alkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-C(O)-O-R3, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S(O)2-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S-(C1-C7) alkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-(C3-C8) cycloalkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-O-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl- phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), or -phenyl optionally substituted once or twice with R2, and independently optionally substituted once or twice with R3; R2 is independently at each occurrence - H, - halogen, -(C1-C7) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), -C(O)R7, -C(O)OR7, -C(O)(C3-C8)cycloalkyl, -OCF3, -OR7, -SR7, -SO2R7, -SO2CF3, or -S(O)R7; R3 is independently at each occurrence -H, or -(C1-C4) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens); R4 and R5 are independently at each occurrence -H, - halogen, -(C1-C3) (alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), or -OR3, provided that when Y is nitrogen, then R4 or R5 are not attached to Y; R6 is independently at each occurrence -H, - halogen, -CF3, -(C1-C3) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), or-OR3; and R7 is independently at each occurrence - H, -(C1-C7) alkyl, or -(C2-C7) alkenyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In one embodiment, the present invention provides compounds of Formula I as described in detail above. While all of the compounds of the present invention are useful, certain of the compounds are particularly interesting and are preferred. The following listing sets out several groups of preferred compounds. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a compound structurally represented by Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein: Y independently represents carbon; R1 is independently -H, provided that when R1 is H, and Y is carbon, and R5 is -H, then R4 is not fluorine attached to a position adjacent to the -OR1 substituent on the phenyl ring of the parent molecule; and further provided that when R1 is H, and Y is carbon, and R4 is -H, then R5 is not fluorine attached to a position adjacent to the -OR1 substituent on the phenyl ring of the parent molecule, -C1-C7) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), provided that R1 is not - (CH2)3-C1, -(C3-C8) cycloalkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), -(C1-C7) alkyl-O-R3, -(C1-C7) alkyl-S(O)2-(C1-C3) alkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-C(O)-O-R3, -(C1-C7) alkyl-S(O)2-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C1-C7) alkyl-S-(C1-C7) alkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-(C3-C8) cycloalkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-O-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkyl-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl, -(C3-C8) cycloalkenyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-O-R3, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S(O)2-(C1-C3) alkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-C(O)-O-R3, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S(O)2-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S-(C1-C7) alkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-(C3-C8) cycloalkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-O-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), or -phenyl optionally substituted once or twice with R2, and independently optionally substituted once or twice with R3; R2 is independently at each occurrence -H, - halogen, -(C1-C7) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), -C(O)R7, -C(O)OR7, -C(O)(C3-C8)cycloalkyl, -OCF3, -OR7, -SR7, -SO2R7, -SO2CF3, or -S(O)R7; R3 is independently at each occurrence -H, or -(C1-C4) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens); R4 and R5 are independently at each occurrence -H, - halogen, -(C1-C3) (alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), or -OR3; R6 is independently at each occurrence -H, - halogen, -CF3, -(C1-C3) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), or -OR3; and R7'is independently at each occurrence - H, -(C1-C7) alkyl, or -(C2-C7) alkenyl In another preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a compound structurally represented by Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein: Y independently represents nitrogen; R1 is independently -H, -(C1-C7) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), provided that when Y is carbon, then R1 is not -(CH2)3-Cl, -(C3-C8) cycloalkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), -(C1-C7) alkyl-O-R3, -(C1-C7) alkyl-S(O)2-(C1-C3) alkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-C(O)-O-R3, -(C1-C7) aIkyl-S(O)2-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C1-C7) alkyl-S-(C1-C7) alkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-(C3-C8) cycloalkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-O-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkyl-phenyI(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl, -(C3-C8) cycloalkenyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-O-R3, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S(O)2-(C1-C3) alkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-C(O)-O-R3, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S(O)2-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S-(C1-C7) alkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-(C3-C8) cycloalkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-O-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl-phenyl(R2XR3)(R4), or -phenyl optionally substituted once or twice with R2, and independently optionally substituted once or twice with R3; R2 is independently at each occurrence -H, - halogen, -(C1-C7) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), -C(O)R7, -C(O)OR7, -C(OXC3-C8)cycloalkyl, -OCF3, -OR7, -SR7, -SO2R7, -SO2CF3, or -S(O)R7; R3 is independently at each occurrence -H, or -(C1-C4) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens); R4 and R5 are independently at each occurrence -H, - halogen, -(C1-C3) (alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), or -OR3, provided that when Y is nitrogen, then R4 or R5 are not attached to Y; R6 is independently at each occurrence -H, - halogen, -CF3, -(C1-C3) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), or -OR3; and R7 is independently at each occurrence - H, -(C1-C7) alkyl, or -(C2-C7) alkenyl. In another preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a compound structurally represented by Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein: Y independently represents carbon or nitrogen; R1 is independently -(C1-C7) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), provided that when Y is carbon, then R1 is not -(CH2)3-Cl, -(C3-C8) cycloalkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), -(C1-C7) alkyl-O-R3, -(C1-C7) alkyl-S(O)2-(C1-C3) alkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-C(O)-O-R3, -(C1-C7) alkyl-S(O)2-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C1-C7) alkyl-S-(C1-C7) alkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-(C3-C8) cycloalkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-O-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkyl-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl, -(C3-C8) cycloalkenyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-O-R3, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S(O)2-(C1-C3) alkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-C(O)-O-R3, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S(O)2-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S-(C1-C7) alkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-(C3-C8) cycloalkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-O-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), or -phenyl optionally substituted once or twice with R2, and independently optionally substituted once or twice with R3; R2 is independently at each occurrence -H, -halogen, -(C1-C7) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), -C(O)R7, -C(O)OR7, -C(O)(C3-C8)cycloalkyl, -OCF3, -OR7, -SR7, -SO2R7, -SO2CF3, or -S(O)R7; R3 is independently at each occurrence -H, or -(C1-C4) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens); R4 and R5 are independently at each occurrence -H, or -halogen, provided that when Y is nitrogen, then R4 or R5 are not attached toY; R6 is independently at each occurrence -H, or -CH3; and R7 is independently at each occurrence - H, -(C1-C7) alkyl, or -(C2-C7) alkenyl. In another preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a compound structurally represented by Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein: Y independently represents carbon or nitrogen; R1 is independently -(C3-C8) cycloalkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), -(C1-C7) alkyl-O-R3, -(C1-C7) alkyl-S(O)2-(C1-C3) alkyl, -(d -C7) alkyl-C(O)-O-R3, -(C1-C7) alkyl-S(O)2-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C1-C7) alkyl-S-(Cj-C7) alkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-(C3-C8) cycloalkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-O-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkyl-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl, -(C3-Cg) cycloalkenyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-O-R3, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S(O)2-(C1-C3) alkyl, -(C2-C7). alkenyl-C(O)-O-R3, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S(O)2-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S-(C1-C7) alkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-(C3-C8) cycloalkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-O-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), or -phenyl optionally substituted once or twice with R2, and independently optionally substituted once or twice with R3; R2 is independently at each occurrence -H, -halogen, -(C1-C7) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), -C(O)R7, -C(O)OR7, -C(O)(C3-C8)cycloalkyl, -OCF3, -OR7, -SR7, -SO2R7, -SO2CF3, or -S(O)R7; R3 is independently at each occurrence -H, or -(C1-C4) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens); R4 and R5 are independently at each occurrence -H, or -halogen, provided that when Y is nitrogen, then R4 or R5 are not attached to Y; R6 is independently at each occurrence -H, or -CH3; and R7 is independently at each occurrence - H, -(C1-C7). alkyl, or -(C2-C7) alkenyl. In another embodiment the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula 01), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein: Y independently represents carbon or nitrogen, Rl is independently; -H, -(C1-C7) alkyl, -(C3-C8) cycloalkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-O-R3, -(C1-C7) alkyl-S(O)2-(C1-C3) alkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyI-C(O)-O-R3, -(C1-C7) alkyl-S(O)2-phenyI(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C1-C7) alkyl-S-(C1-C7) alkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-(C3-C8) cycloalkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-O-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkyl-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl, -(C3-C8) cycloalkenyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-O-R3, -(C1-C7) alkenyl-S(O)2-(C1-C3) alkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-C(O)-O-R3, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S(O)2-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S-(C1-C7) alkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-(C3-C8) cycloalkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-O-phenyl(li2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), or -phenyl optionally substituted once with R2, and independently optionally substituted once or twice with R3; R2 is independently at each occurrence - H, - halogen, -(C1-C7) alkyl, -C(O)R7, -C(O)0R7, -C(O)(C3-C8)cycloalkyl, -OCF3, -0R7, -SR7, -SO2R7, -SO2CF3, or -S(O)R7; R3 is independently at each occurrence -H, or-(C1-C3) alkyl; R4 and R5 are independently at each occurrence -H, -halogen, -(C1-C3)alkyl, or •• OR3, provided that when Y is nitrogen, then R4 or R5 are not attached to Y; R6 is independently at each occurrence -H, -halogen, -CF3, -(C1-C3) alkyl, or -OR3; R7 is independently at each occurrence - H, -(C1-C7) alkyl, or -(C2-C7) alkenyi. Other embodiments of the invention are provided wherein each of the embodiments described herein above i.s further narrowed as described in the following preferences. Specifically, each of the preferences below is independently combined with each of the embodiments above, and the particular combination provides another embodiment in which the variable indicated in the preference is narrowed according to the preference. Further, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds of the new embodiments created by the combinations of the embodiments described herein above with the narrowing preferences below, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Preferably Y is carbon. Preferably Y is nitrogen. Preferably R1 is -H, provided that when R1 is H, and Y is carbon, and R5 is -H, then R4 is notfluorine attached to a position adjacent to the -OR1 substituent on the phenyl ring of the parent molecule; and further provided that when R1 is H, and Y is carbon, and R4 is -H, then R5 is not fluorine attached to a position adjacent to the -OR1 substituent on the phenyl ring of the parent molecule. Preferably R1 is -(C1-C7) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 4 halogens, or wherein R1 is -CH3l then optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), provided that when Y is carbon, then R1 is not ~(CH2)3 Cl. Preferably R1 is -(C3-C8) cycloalkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), - (C1-C7) alkyl-O-R3, -(C1-C7) alkyl-S(O)2-(C1-C3) alkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-C(O)-O-R3, -(C1- C7) alkyl-S(O)2-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C1-C7) alkyl-S-(C1-C7) alkyl, or -(C1-C7) alkyl- (C3-C8) cycloalkyl. Preferably R1 is; -C1-C7) alkyl-O-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S(O)2-phenyl(R2)(R3XR4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl-O-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) aIkenyl-phenyl(R2)(R3XR4), -phenyl optionally substituted once or twice with R2, and independently optionally substituted once or twice with R3, or -(C2-C7) alkyl-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4). Preferably R1 is -(C2-C7) alkenyl, -(C3-C8) cycloalkenyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-O-R3, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S(O)2-(C1-C3) alkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-C(O)-O-R3, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S-(C1-C7) alkyl, or -(C2-C7) alkenyl-(C3-C8) cycloalkyl. Preferably R2 is independently at each occurrence -H. Preferably R2 is independently at each occurrence -H or halogen. Preferably R2 is independently at each occurrence -halogen, -(C1-C7) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens), -C(O)R7, -C(O)OR7, -C(O)(C3-C8)cycloalkyl, -OCF3, -OR7, -SR7, -SO2R7, -SO2CF3, or -S(O)R7. Preferably R3 is independently at each occurrence -H. Preferably R3 is independently at each occurrence -(C1~CU) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens). Preferably R4 and R5 are independently at each occurrence -H. Preferably R4 and R5 are independently at each occurrence -H or -halogen. Preferably R4 and R5 are independently at each occurrence -halogen or -(C)-C3) (alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens). Preferably R4 is hydrogen and R5 is -halogen. Preferably R6 is independently at each occurrence -H. Preferably R6 is independently at each occurrence -H or -(C1-C3) alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens). Preferably R6 is independently at each occurrence -H or -CH3(optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens). Preferably one occurrence of R6 is -H and the second occurrence of R6 is -CH3(optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens). Preferably one occurrence of R6 is -H and the second occurrence of R6 is -CH3. Preferably R7 is independently at each occurrence - H. Preferably R7 is independently at each occurrence -(C1-C4) alkyl. Preferably R7 is independently at each occurrence -(C2-C7) alkenyl. In another embodiment the present invention provides a compound structurally represented by Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: Y independently represents carbon or nitrogen, R1 is independently; -H, provided that when R1 is. H, and Y is carbon, and R5 is -H, then R4 is not fluorine attached to a position adjacent to the -OR1 substituent on the phenyl ring of the parent molecule; and further provided that when R1 is H, and Y is carbon, and R4 is -H, then R5 is not fluorine attached to a position adjacent to the -OR1 substituent on the phenyl ring of the parent molecule, -(C1-C7) alkyl, provided that when Y is carbon, then R1 is not -(CH2)3-C1, -(C3-C8) cycloalkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-O-R3, -(C1-C7) alkyl-S(O)2-(C1-C3) alkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-C(O)-O-R3, -(C1-C7) alkyl-S(O)2-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C1-C7) alkyl-S-(C1-C7) alkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-(C3-C8) cycloalkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-O-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkyl-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl, -(C3-C8) cycloalkenyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-O-R3, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S(O)2-(C1-C3) alkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-C(O)-O-R3. -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S(O)2.phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S-(C1-C7) alkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-(C3-C8) cycloalkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-O-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -C1-C7) alkenyl-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), or -phenyl optionally substituted once or twice with R2, and independently optionally substituted once or twice with R3, R2 is independently at each occurrence - H, - halogen, -C1-C7) alkyl, -C(O)R7, -C(O)OR7, -C(O)(C3-C8)cycloalkyl, -OCF3, -OR7, -SR7, -SO2R7„ -SO2CF3, or -S(O)R7, R3 is independently at each occurrence; -H, or-C1-Cs) alkyl, R4 and R5 are independently at each occurrence -H, - halogen, -(C1-C3) alkyl, or - OR3, provided that when Y is nitrogen, then R4 or R5 are not attached to Y, R6 is independently at each occurrence -H, - halogen, -CF3, -(C1-C3) alkyl, or -OR3, R7 is independently at each occurrence - H, -(C1-C7) alkyl, or -(C2-C7) alkenyl. The following listing sets out several groups of preferred compounds. It will be understood that each of the listings may be combined with other listings to create additional groups of preferred embodiments. Other embodiments are, 1. wherein Y is carbon, 2. wherein Y is nitrogen, 3. wherein R1 is -(C3-C8) cycloalkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-O-R3, -(C1-C7) alkyl-S(O)2- (C1-C3) alkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-C(O)-O-R3, -(C1-C7) alkyl-S-(C1-C7) alky], -(C- C7) alkyI-(C3-C8) cycloalkyl, or -(C1-C7) alkyl, provided that when Y is carbon, then R1 is not -(CH^-CI, 4. wherein R1 is -(C1-C7) alkyl-O-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkyl- phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), or -(C1-C7) alkyl-S(O)2-phenyl(R2XR3)(R4), 5. wherein R1 is -(C2-C7) alkenyl, -(C3-C8) cycloalkenyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-O-R3, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S(O)2- (C1-C3) alkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-C(O)-O-R3, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S-(C1-C7) alkyl, or -(C2-C7) alkenyl-(C3-C8) cycloalkyl, 6. wherein R1 is -(C2-C7) alkenyl-O-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl- phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), or -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S(O)2-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), 7. wherein R1 is -phenyl optionally substituted once or twice with R2, and independently optionally substituted once or twice with R3, 8. wherein R1 is -phenyl optionally substituted once with R2, and twice with R3, 9. wherein R2 is - H, - halogen, -(C1-C7) alkyl, -C(O)R7, -C(O)OR7, -C(O)(C3-C8)cycloalkyI, -0CF3, -OR7, -SR7, -SO2R7, -SO2CF3. or -S(O)R7, 10. wherein R2 is - halogen, -(C1-C7) alkyl, -C(O)R7, -C(O)OR7, -OCF3, -OR7, -SR7, -SO2R7, -SO2CF3, or -S(O)R7t 11. wherein R-2 is--SO2R-7v-SO2GF3, or -S(O)R7-, 12. wherein R3 is-H, or-(C5-Q5) alkyl, 13. wherein R3 is -(C1-C3) alkyl, 14. wherein R4 is halogen, 15.. wherein R4 is halogen and R5 is halogen, 16. wherein one independent occurrence of R6 is -(C1 -C3) alkyl, 17. wherein one independent occurrence of R6 is -CH3, 18. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein: Y independently represents carbon or nitrogen, Rl is independently; -H, -(C1-C7) alkyl, -(C3-C8) cycloalkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-O-R3, -(C1-C7) alkyl-S(O)2- (C1-C3) alkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-C(O)-O-R3, -(C1-C7) alkyl-S(O)2-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C1-G7) alkyl-S-(C1-C7) alkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-(C3-C8) cycloalkyl, -(C1-C7) alkyl-O-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkyl-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl, -(C1-Cz) cycloalkenyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-O-R3, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S(O)2- C1-C3) alkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-C(O)-O-R3, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S(O)2-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl-S-(C1-C7) alkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-(C3-C8) cycloalkyl, -(C2-C7) alkenyl-O-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), -(C2-C7) alkenyl-phenyl(R2)(R3)(R4), or -phenyl optionally substituted once with R2, and independently optionally substituted once or twice with R3, R2 is independently at each occurrence -H, - halogen, -(C1-C7) alkyl, -C(O)R7, -C(O)OR7, -C(O)(C3-C8)cycloalkyl, -OCF3f -OR7, -SR7, -SO2R7, -SO2CF3, or -S(O)R7, R3 is independently at each occurrence; -H, or -(C1-C3) alkyl, R4 and R5 are independently at each occurrence -H, - halogen, -(C1-C3)alkyl, or - OR3, provided that when Y is nitrogen, then R4 or R5 are not attached to Y, R6 is independently at each occurrence -H, - halogen, -CF3, -(C1-C3) alkyl, or -OR3, R7 is independently at each occurrence -H, -(C1-C7) alkyl, or -(C2-C7) alkenyl. General terms used in the description of compounds, compositions, and methods herein described, bear their usual meanings. Throughout the instant application, the following terms have the indicated meanings: The term "GPRv53" means a recently identified novel histamine receptor as • described in Oda, et al., supra. Alternative names for this receptor are PORT3 or H4R. The term "H3R" means the histamine H3 receptor that inhibits the release of a number of monoamines, including histaimine. The term "H1R" means the histamine HI receptor subtype. The term "H2R" means the histamine H2 receptor subtype. The term "H3R antagonists" is defined as a compound with the ability to block forskolin-stimulated cAMP production iin response to agonist R-(-)a memymistamine. The term "H3R inverse agonist" is defined as a compound with the ability to inhibit the constitutive activity of H3R. "Selective H3R antagonists or inverse agonists" means a compound of the present invention having a greater affinity for H3 histamine receptor than for GPRv53 histamine receptor. In the general formulae of the present document, the general chemical terms have their usual meanings. For example; The terms "(C1-C4) alkyl", "(C1-C7) alkyl", and "(C2-C7) alkyl" mean hydrocarbon -chains-of the-indicated numberof carbon atoms, such as methyl; ethyl, propyl; butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, and the like, and branched or isomeric forms thereof, and as herein defined optionally may be substituted with up to four halogens. "(C3-C8) cycloalkyl" means a ring of the indicated number of carbon atoms, with three to eight carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and the like, and as herein defined optionally may be substituted with up to four halogens. "(C2-C7) alkenyl" means hydroc^arbon chains of the indicated number of carbon atoms, of either a straight or branched configuration, having at least one carbon-carbon double bond which may occur at any point along the chain, such as ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, vinyl, alkyl, 2-butenyl and the like, and may be optionally substituted with up to four halogens. The term "(Ca-Cg) cycloalkenyl" refers to a partially saturated carbocycle containing one or more rings of from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with up to four halogens. "Boc" or "BOC" refer to r-butyl carbamate. "HOBt" is 1-hydrobenzotriazole. "PS-Trisamine" is Tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine polystyrene. "PS-Carbodiimide" or "PS- CDF is N-Cydohexylcarbodiimide-N'-propyloxymethyl polystyrene. "PS-DBBA" is N,N-(Diisopropyl)aminomethylpolystyrene (1% inorganic antistatic agent), "PS-DMAP" is N-(methylpolystyrene)-4-(methylam:ino) pyridine. "Halogen" or "halo" means fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo. "Composition" means a pharmaceutical composition and is intended to encompass a pharmaceutical product comprising the active ingredient(s) of Formula I, or II, or XI to X55, and the inert ingredient(s) that make up the carrier. Accordingly, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention encompass any composition made by admixing a compound of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The term "unit dosage form" means physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human subjects and other non-human animals, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, inassociation with a suitable> pharmaceutical carrier. The terms "treatment", "treating", and "treat", as used herein, include their generally accepted meanings, i.e., preventing, prohibiting, restraining, alleviating, ameliorating, slowing, stopping, or reversing the progression or severity of a pathological condition, described herein, including the alleviation or relief of symptoms or complications, or the cure or elimination of the disease, disorder, or condition. Due to their interaction with the histamine H3 receptor, the present compounds are useful in the treatment of a wide range of conditions and disorders in which an interaction with the histamine H3 receptor is beneficial. The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of Formula I or Formula II or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient. The present invention further provides an antagonist or inverse agonist of Formula I or Formula II which is characterized by having little or no binding affinity for the histamine receptor GPRv53. The present invention further provides an antagonist or inverse agonist of Formulae I or II which is characterized by having greater affinity for the histamine H3 receptor as compared to the affinity for the histamine H1R, H2R, or H4R receptors. The uses and methods of this invention encompass a prophylactic and therapeutic administration of a compound of Formula I, or pharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of Formula I or Formula II or a pharmaceutical salt thereof. In addition the embodiments of the present invention include the synthesis of the examples named herein by methods included herein, and supplemented by methods known in the art, to create positron emission topography (PET) ligands that bind to histamine H3 receptors and are useful for PET imaging. Thus, the invention provides a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of Formula I or Formula II, or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, for use to prevent, treat and/or alleviate diseases or conditions, for example, of the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the pulmonary system, the gastrointestinal system and the endocrinological system, while reducing and or eliminating one or more of the unwanted side effects associated with ihe current treatments. Such diseases or conditions include those responsive to the modulation of histamine H3 receptors, such as nervous system disorders, which include but are not limited to obesity, eating disorders, cognitive disorders, attention deficit disorders, memory processes, dementia and cognition disorders -such-as-Alzheimer!s disease.and.attention-deficit.hyperactivity..disorder; bipolar disorder, cognitive enhancement, cognitive deficits in psychiatric disorders, deficits of memory, deficits of learning, dementia, mild co;gnitive impairment, migraine, mood and attention alteration, motion sickness, narcolepsy, neurogenic inflammation, obsessive compulsive disorder, Parkinson's disease, schizoplirenia, depression, epilepsy, and seizures or convulsions; sleep disorders such as narcolepsy; vestibular dysfunction such as Meniere's disease, migraine, motion sickness, pain, drug abuse, depression, epilepsy, jet lag, wakefulness, Tourette's syndrome, vertigo, and the like, as well as cardiovascular disorders such as acute myocardial infarction; cancer such as cutaneous carcinoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma and mel;anoma; respiratory disorders such as asthma; gastrointestinal disorders, inflammation, and septic shock, diabetes, type II diabetes, insulin resistance syndrome, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, Syndrome X, and the like. In addition, the compounds of Formula I, or a pharmaceutical salts thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of Formula I or Formula II, or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, can be useful in the treatment or prevention of a disorder or disease in which modulation of histamine H3 receptor activity has a beneficial effect. In yet another aspect, the present invention provides compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods useful in the treatment of nervous system and other disorders associated with histamine H3 receptor. In addition, the present invention provides a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of Formulae I or II, or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient; for use in inhibiting the histamine H3 receptor; for use in inhibiting a histamine H3 receptor mediated cellular response in a mammal', for use to increase the release of H3 receptor-regulated neurotransmitters in a mammal; for use in treating a disease arising from excessive histamine H3 receptor activity. The present invention is further related to the use of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, or a ph£irmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of Formulae I or II, or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient; for the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting the histamine H3 receptor; for the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting a histamine H3 receptor mediated cellular response in a mammal; for the manufacture of a medicament to increase the release of H3 receptor-regulated neurotransmitters in the brain of a mammal; for the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease arising from excessive histamine H3 receptor activity; for the manufacture of a medicament for treating cognitive disorders in a mammal; and for the manufacture of a medicament for treating nervous system disorders in a mammal including but not limited to obesity, cognitive disorders, attention deficit disorders, memory processes, dementia and cognition disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; bipolar disorder, cognitive enhancement, cognitive deficits in psychiatric disorders, deficits of memory, deficits of learning, dementia, mild cognitive impairment, migraine, mood and attention alteration, motion sickness, narcolepsy, neurogenic inflammation, obsessive compulsive disorder, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, depression, epilepsy, and seizures or convulsions; sleep disorders such as narcolepsy; vestibular dysfunction such as Meniere's disease, migraine, motion sickness, pain, drug abuse, depression, epilepsy, jet lag, wakefulness, Tourette's syndrome, and vertigo. In addition, the present invention provides; a method of treating conditions resulting from excessive histamine H3 receptor activity in a mammal; a method of inhibiting the histamine H3 receptor activity in a mammal; a method of inhibiting a histamine H3 receptor mediated cellular response in a mammal; a method to increase the release of H3 receptor-regulated neurotransmitters in the brain of a mammal; a method of treating cognitive disorders in a mammal; a method of treating nervous system disorders in a mammal including but not limited to obesity, cognitive disorders, attention and attention deficit disorders, memory processes, learning, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, depression, epilepsy, and seizures or convulsions; comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a histamine H3 receptor-inhibiting amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of Formulae I or II, or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient. The invention further provides a method of selectively increasing histamine levels in cells, or increasing histamine release; by cells, by contacting the cells with an antagonist or inverse agonist of the histamine H3 receptor, the antagonist or inverse agonist being a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formulae I or II, or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient. The present invention further provides a method of treating conditions resulting from excessive histamine H3 receptor activity in a mammal comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a histamine H3 receptor inhibiting amount of a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of Formulae I or II, or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient. In addition, a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formulae I or II, or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, can be useful in the treatment or prevention of a disorder or disease in which modulation of histamine H3 receptor activity has a beneficial effect. The invention includes tautomers, enantiomers and other stereoisomers of the compounds also. Thus, as one skilled in the art knows, certain aryls may exist in tautomeric forms. Such variations are contemplated to be within the scope of the invention. It will be understood mat, as used herein, references to the compounds of Formula I or Formula II are meant to also include the pharmaceutical salts, its enantiomers and racemic mixtures thereof. As used herein, the term "stereoisomer" refers to a compound made up of the same atoms bonded by the same bonds but having different three-dimensional structures which are not interchangeable. The three-dimensional structures are called configurations. As used herein, the term "enantiomer" refers to two stereoisomers whose molecules are nonsuperimposable mirror images of one another. The term "chiral center" refers to a carbon atom to which four different groups are attached. As used herein, the term "diastereomers" refers to stereoisomers which are not enantiomers. In addition, two diastereomers which have a different configuration at only one chiral center are referred to herein as "epimers." The terms "racemate," "racemic mixture" or "racemic modification" refer to a mixture of equal parts of enantiomers. The term "enantiomeric enrichment" as used herein refers to the increase in the amount of one enantiomer as compared to the other. A convenient method of expressing the enantiomeric enrichment achieved is the concept of enantiomeric excess, or "ee," which is found using the following equation: wherein E1 is the amount of the first enantiomer and E2 is the amount of the second enantiomer. Thus, if the initial ratio of the two enantiomers is 50:50, such as is present in a racemic mixture, and an enantiomeric enrichment sufficient to produce a final ratio of 70:30 is achieved, the ee with respect to the first enantiomer is 40%. However, if the final ratio is 90:10, the ee with respect to the first enantiomer is 80%. An ee of greater than 90% is preferred, an ee of greater than 95% is most preferred and an ee of greater than 99% is most especially preferred. Enantiomeric enrichment is readily determined by one of ordinary skill in the art using standard techniques and procedures, such as gas or high performance liquid chromatography with a chiral column. Choice of the appropriate chiral column, eluent and conditions necessary to effect separation of the enantiomeric pair is well within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. In addition, the specific stereoisomers and enantiomers of compounds of Formula I or Formula II can be prepared by one of ordinary skill in the sirt utilizing well known techniques and processes, such as those disclosed by J. Jacques, etal., "Enantiomers, Racemates. and Resolutions." John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1981, and E.L. Eliel and S.H. Wilen," Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds." (Wiley-Interscience 1994), and European Patent Application No. EP-A-838448, published April 29,1998. Examples of resolutions include recrystallization techniques or chiral chromatography. Some of the compounds of the present invention have one or more chiral centers and may exist in a variety of stereoisomeric configurations. As a consequence of these chiral centers, the compounds of the present invention occur as racemates, mixtures of enantiomers and as individual enantiomers, as well as diastereomers and mixtures of diastereomers. All such racemates, enantiomers, and diastereomers are within the scope of the present invention. The terms "R" and "S" are used herein as commonly used in organic chemistry to denote specific configuration of a chiral center. The term "R" (rectus) refers to that configuration of a chiral center with a clockwise relationship of group priorities (highest to second lowest) when viewed along the bond toward the lowest priority group. The term "S" (sinister) refers to that configuration of a chiral center with a counterclockwise relationship of group priorities (highest: to second lowest) when viewed along the bond toward the lowest priority group. The priority of groups is based upon their atomic "number(hrorderof decreasing atomic number).- Apartial listof priorities anda - discussion of stereochemistry is contained in "Nomenclature of Organic Compounds: Principles and Practice", (J.H. Fletcher, et al., eds., 1974) at pages 103-120. The designation" """■"■ " refers; to a bond that protrudes forward out of the plane of the page. The designation" ""'" " refers to a bond that protrudes backward out of the plane of the page. The designation" ""^ " refers to a bond wherein the stereochemistry is not defined. In general, the term "pharmaceutical" when used as an adjective means substantially non-toxic to living organisms. For example, the term "pharmaceutical salt" as used herein, refers to salts of the compounds of Formula I or Formula II which are substantially non-toxic to living organisms. See, e.g., Berge, S.M, Bighley, L.D., and Monkhouse, D.C., "Pharmaceutical Salts," /. Phann. Sci., 66:1,1977. Typical pharmaceutical salts include those salts prepared by reaction of the compounds of Formula I or Formula II with an inorganic or organic acid or base. Such salts are known as acid addition or base addition salts respectively. These pharmaceutical salts frequently have enhanced solubility characteristics compared to the compound from which they are derived, and thus are often more amenable to formulation as liquids or emulsions. . The term "acid addition salt" refers to a salt of a compound of Formula I or Formula Ilprepared by reaction of a compound of Formula I or Formula II with a mineral or organic acid. For exemplification of pharmaceutical acid addition salts see, e.g., Berge, S.M, Bighley, L.D., and Monkhouse, D.C., I Pharm. Sci., 66:1,1977. Since compounds of this invention can be basic in nature, they accordingly react with any of a number of inorganic and organic acids to form pharmaceutical acid addition salts. The pharmaceutical acid addition salts of the invention are typically formed by reacting the compound of Formula I or Formula n with an equimolar or excess amount of acid. The reactants are generally combined in a mutual solvent such as diethylether, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, benzene, and the like. The salts normally precipitate out of solution within about one hour to about ten days and can be isolated by filtration or other conventional methods. Acids commonly employed to form acid addition salts are inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like, and acids commonly employed to form such salts are inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like, and organic acids, such as/Moluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, p-bromophenylsulfonic acid, cjirbonic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, acetic acid and the like. Examples of such pharmaceutically acceptable salts thus are the sulfate, pyrosulfate, bisulfate, sulfite, bisulfite, phosphate, monohydrogenphosphate, dihydrogenphosphate, metaphosphate, pyrophosphate, chloride, bromide, iodide, acetate, propionate, decanoate, caprylate, aaylate, formate, isobutyrate, caproate, heptanoate, propiolate, oxalate, malonate, succinate, suberate, sebacate, fumarate, maleate, butyne-l,4-dioate, hexyne-l,6-dioate, benzoate, chlorobenzoate, methylbenzoate, dinitrobenzoate, hydroxybenzoate, methoxybenzoate, phthalate, sulfonate, xylenesulfonate, phenylacetate, phenylpropionate, phenylbutyrate, citrate, lactate, P-hydroxybutyrate, glycollate, tartrate, rnethanesulfonate, propanesulfonate, naphthalene-l.-sulfonate, naphthalene-2-sulfonate, mandelate and the like. The term "base addition salt" refers to a salt of a compound of Formula I or Formula II prepared by reaction of a compound of Formula I or Formula II with a mineral or organic base. For exemplification of pharmaceutical base addition salts see, e.g., Berge, S.M, Bighley, L.D., and Monkhouse, D.C., J. Pharnu Sci., 66:1,1977. The present invention also contemplates phJirmaceutical base addition salts of compounds of Formula I or Formula II. The skilled artisan would appreciate that some compounds of Formula I or Formula II may be acidic in nature and accordingly react with any of a number of inorganic and organic bases to form pharmaceutical base addition salts. Examples-of pharmaceutical base addition salts are the ammonium, lithium, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, methylamino, diethylamino, ethylene diamino, cyclohexylamino, and ethanolamino salts, and the like of a compound of Formula I or Formula II. The compounds of Formula I or Formula II, when existing as a diastereomeric mixture, may be separated into diastereomeric pairs of enantiomers by, for example, fractional crystallization from a suitable solvent, for example methanol or ethyl acetate or a mixture thereof. The pair of enantiomers thus obtained may be separated into individual stereoisomers by conventional means, for example by the use of an optically active acid as a resolving agent. Alternatively, any enantiomer of a compound of Formula I or Formula II may be obtained by stereospecific synthesis using optically pure "Starting materials'or reagents of known configuration or through-enantioselective synthesis. The compounds of Formula I or Formula II can be prepared by one of ordinary skill in the art following a variety of procedures, some of which are illustrated in the procedures and schemes set forth below. The particular order of steps required to produce the compounds of Formula I or Formula II is dependent upon the particular compound to being synthesized, the starting compound, and the relative liability of the substituted moieties. The reagents or starting materials are readily identifiable to and available to one of skill in the art, and to the extent not commercially available, are readily synthesized by one of ordinary skill in the art following standard procedures commonly employed in the art, along with the various procedures and schemes set forth below. The following Preparations and Examples are provided to better elucidate the practice of the present invention and should not be interpreted in any way as to limit the scope of the same. Those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications may be made while not departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. All publications mentioned in the specification are indicative of the level of those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms and abbreviations ustid in the instant Preparations and Examples have their normal meanings unless otherwise designated. For example, as used herein, the following terms have the meanings indicated: "eq" refers to equivalents; "N" refers to normal or normality, "M" refers to molar or molarity, "g" refers to gram or grams, "mg" refers to milligrams; "L" refers to litem; "mL" refers to milliliters; "nLM refers to microliters; "mol" refers to moles; "mmol" refers to millimoles; "psi" refers to pounds per square inch; "min" refers to minutes; "h" or "hr" refers to hours; ,,0C" refers to degrees Celsius; "TLC" refers to thin layer chromatography; "HPLC" refers to high performance liquid chromatography; "Rf" refers to retention factor; "R," refers to retention time; "8"refers to part per million down-field from tetramethylsilane; "MS" refers to mass spectrometry, Observed Mass indicates (M+ 1) unless indicated otherwise. "MS(FD)" refers to field desorption mass spectrometry, "MS(IS)" refers to ion spray mass spectrometry, "MS(FIA)" refers to flow injection analysis mass spectrometry, "MS(FAB)" refers to fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, "MS(EI)" refers to -electron-impact-mass-spectrometryY-"14S(ES)" refers to electron spray-mass spectrometry, "UV" refers to ultraviolet spectrometiy, (,1H NMR" refers to proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. In addition, "IR" refers to infra red spectrometry, and the absorption maxima listed for the IR spectra are only those of interest and not all of the maxima observed. "RT" refers to room temperature. In Scheme A, R, and Ra> are each independently but not limited to F, CI, CF3, alkyl and can include disubstituted compounds; Rb is H, or the corresponding carboxylic acids salts; R« and Rc- are each independently but not limited to alkyl, hydroxy, and Rd is an alkyl, branched alkyl group or cycloalkyl group which substituted with other functional groups not limited to sulfones, trifluoromethyl, halo, methoxy, ester, acid etc. In Scheme A, Step 1 aryl carboxylic acids or the lithium, sodium or potassium salt of the acid where Rb can be H, Li, Na or K aire converted to the corresponding amides using a number of different methods known in the literature. Some of these methods can be found described in a review of coupling reagents in peptide synthesis by Klausner & Bodansky, Synthesis, 1972,9,453-463. For example, 4-hydroxybenzolc acid or the corresponding lithium or sodium salt is suspended a suitable organic solvent such as dichloromethane, DMF or mixtures thereof. A suitable amide coupling agent i.e. EDC, DCC, TBTU, etc., is added followed by HOBt, HATU, etc., at room temperature. Diisopropylethyl amine and suitable amine in this case, (S)(+)-l-(2-pyrrolidinylmethyl)pyrrolidine are added to the mixture. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for a period of 8-48 hours. The reaction is quenched by addition of water. The resulting mixture may be extracted, concentrated and purified according to techniques well known in the art. Alternatively the corresponding acid chloride can be formed from the corresponding acid or salt thereof using thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride and a few drops DMF, and treated with a suitable amine to give the desired amide. The title compound is prepared in a manner substantially analogous to Procedure F from 4-(5-chloro-pentyloxy)-benzoic acid. Observed Mass 379, Example 9 (4-Butoxy-phenyl)-(2-(R)-pyrrolidin-l-ylniethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)-methanone The title compound is prepared in a manner substantially analogous to Procedure F, using (R)-(-)-l-(2-pyrrolidiny]methyl)-pyrrolidine (CAS 60419-23-0). Observed Mass 331. Example 10 [4-(3-ChIoro-propoxy)-phenyl]-i;2-(S)-pyrrolidin-l-yImethyl-pyrToIidin-l-yl)- methanone The title compound is prepared in a manner substantially analogous to Procedure F, using (R)-(->l-(2-pyrrolidinylmethyl)-pyrrolidine (CAS 60419-23-0). Observed Mass 351. Example 11 (S)-(2-Pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyI-pyrrolidin-l-yl)-[4-(l,l^,2-tetrafluoro-ethoxy)-phenyl]- methanone The title compound is prepared in a manner substantially analogous to Procedure F. Observed Mass 267. Example 12 [4-(2-Hydroxy-ethoxy)-pheJiyl]-(2»(S)-pyrrolJdin-l-ylmethyl-pyrroHdin-l-yl)- methanone 4-(2-Hydrox,y-ethoxy)-benzoic acid (152 mg, 0.84mmol), (S)(4)-l-(2- pyrrolidinylmethyl)pyrrolidine (193 mg, 1.25 mmol) and triethylamine (303 mg, 3.0 mmol) are dissolved in dichloromethane (S.O mL) and benzotriazol-1- yloxytris(pyrrolidino)pbosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP) (786 mg, 1.5 mmol) is added to the mixture. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 3 days. The reaction mixture is diluted with dichloromethane, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and evaporated. The crude product is purified using silica-gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2:2M NH3 in MeOH = 20:1) to give 177 mg (66%) of the title compound. Observed Mass 319. Example 13 [4-(3-Fluoro-propoxy)-phenyl]-(2-(S)-pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yD- methanone hydrochloride salt The title compound is prepared in a manner substantially analogous to Procedure D starting from 4-(3-fluoro-propoxy)-benzoic acid lithium salt and (S)(+)-l-(2- pyrrolidinylmethyl)pyrrolidine. The title compound is formed by treating [4-(3-fluoro- propoxy)-phenyl]-(2-pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin- l-yl)-methanone with one equivalent of HC1 in diethyl ether. MS (ES+) 335.2 Example 14 [4-(3-Methoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-(2-(S)-pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)- methanone trifluoroacetate salt The title compound is prepared in a maimer substantially analogous to Procedure B and D starting from 4-(3-methoxy-propoxy)-benzoic acid methyl ester and (SX+)-l-(2- pyrrolidinylmethyOpyrrolidine. The erode material was purified by reverse phase chromatography (19 x 250mm Symmetry CI8; 20-70% CH3CN/H20 with 0.1% TFA; 20 mUmin, 20 min run time) to provide trie trifluoroacetate salt. MS (ES+) 347.2. Example 15 [4-{3-Methanesulfonyl-propoxy)-phenyl]-(2-(S)-pyrroIidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l- yl)-methanone The title compound is prepared in a manner substantially analogous to Procedure B and D starting from 4-(3-methanesulfonyl-propoxy)-benzoic acid methyl ester and (S)(+)-l-(2- pyrrolidinylmethyl)pyrrolidine. MS (ES+) 395.3. Example 16 [4-(3.Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-(2-(S)-pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)- methanone The title compound is prepared in a manner substantially analogous to Procedures A, B and D starting from 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid methyl ester and 3-bromo-propan-l-ol. MS (ES+) 333.2. Example 17 4-[4-(S)(+)-(2-PyrroIidiri-l-ylmethyI-pyrrolidine-l-carbonyl)-phenoxy]-butyricacid methyl ester (4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-(2-pyrrolidin-l-yImethyJ-pyrroIidin-l-yl)-methanone (1.18 g, 4.3 mmol) and methyl bromobutyrate (0.7 mL, 5.4 mmol) are dissolved in DMF (20 mL) and stirred under nitrogen at room temperature as the cesium carbonate (2.80 g, 8.6 mmol) is added. The reaction mixture is stirred overnight. The reaction is diluted with CH2CI2, filtered, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and evaporated. vThe crude product is partially purified by a SCX column (MeOH wash, elution with 2M NH3 in MeOH. Further purification is accomplished using silica-gel column chromatography (gradient: 100% CH2C 2 to 10% 2 M NH3 in MeOH/ CH2CI2) to give 1.1 g (69%) of the title compound.product. MS (ES+) 375.2 (M+H)+. Example 18 5-[4-(S)(+)-(2-Pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidine-l-carbonyI)-phenoxy]-pentanoic acid methyl ester The title compound is prepared in a manner substantially analogous to Example 1 from (4-hydroxy-phenyl)-(2-pynolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)-methanone (2.06 g, 7.5 mmol) and methyl bromovalerate (1.76 g, 9 mmol) to provide 2.2 g (75%). MS (ES+) 389.3 (M+H)+. Example 19 5-[4-(S)(+)-(2-PyrroJidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidine-l-carbonyl)-phenoxy]-pentanoic acid, lithium salt A dioxane (40 mL)/water (20 mL) solution of 5-[4-(2-pyrroIidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidine- l-carbonyl>phenoxy]-pentanoic acid methyl ester (2.91 g, 7.5 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (349 mg, 8.3 mmol) is stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture is concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound (2.79 g, 98%). MS (ES+) 375.3 (M+H)+. Example 20 (6-Hydroxy-pyridin-3-yl)-(S)(4)-(2-pyrroIidin-l-yImethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)- methanone PS-carbodiimide (1.39 mmol/g) resin beads (2.1 g, 3 mmol) are added to a 10 mL CHCl3/BuOH/MeCN (5:1:1) mixture of nicotinic acid (278 mg, 2 mmol), (S)(+)-l-(2- pyrcolidinylraethyOpyrrolidine (231 mg, 1.5 mmol), HOBt (300 mg, 2.2 mmol), and triethylamine (0.30 mL, 2.2 mmol). The mixture is shaken at room temperature for 3 days. The reaction mixture is filtered and the beads are washed alternately with MeOH, then CH2CI2, and the filtrate is concentrated in vacuo. The crude material product is partially purified by a SCX column (MeOH wash, elution with 2M NH3 in MeOH. Further purification is accomplished using silica-gel column chromatography (gradient: 100% CH2CI2 to 10% 2M NH3 in MeOH/ CH2Cl2)to give the title compound (200 mg, 73%). MS (ES+) 276.1 (M+H)+. Example 21 (6-Butoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-(S)(+)-(2-pyrroIidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)-methanone A mixture of (6-hydroxy-pyridin-3-yl)- (S)(+)-(2-pynolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)- methanone (85 mg, 0.31 mmol), 1-bromo butane (0.04 mL, 0.36 mmol), cesium carbonate (195 mg, 0.60 mmol), and catalytic KI in dioxane (5 mL) is stirred under nitrogen at 80 - 90 °C for 10 h. The reaction is diluted with CH2CI2, filtered, and washed with brine. The organic portion is dried over Na2SO4, filtered and evaporated. The crude product is partially purified by a SCX column (MeOH wash, elution with 2M NH3 in MeOH. Further purification is accomplished using silica-gel column 1 chromatography (gradient: 100% CH2CI2 to 10% 2M NH3 in MeOH/ CH2CI2) to give the title compound (52 mg, 50%). MS (ES+) 332.2 (M+H)+. Example 22 (2-(S)-Pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)-[4-(4,4,4-trifluoro-butoxy)-phenyl]- methanone The title compound is prepared in a manner substantially analogous to Procedure E except the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature overnight starting from (4- hydroxy-phenyl)-(2-(S)-pyrrolidin-1 -ylmethyl-pyrrolidin- l-yl)-methanone and 1-bromo- 4,4,4-trifluorobutane. MS (ES+) 385.2. Example 23 [4-(5-Fluoro-pentyloxy)-pheny]l]-(2-(S)-pyrrolidin-l-ylmethy!-pyrrolidin-l-yl)- methanone The title compound is prepared in a manner substantially analogous to Procedure E except the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature overnight starting from (4- hydroxy-phenyl)-(2-(S)-pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)-methanoneand 1-bromo- 5-fluoropentane. MS (ES+) 363.3 Example 24 [4-(4-Fluoro-butoxy)-phenyI]-(2-(S)-pyrroIidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)- methanone trifluoroacetate The title compound is prepared in a manner substantially analogous to Procedure E except the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature overnight starting from (4- hydroxy-phenyl)-(2-(S)-pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrroiidin-l-yl)-methanoneandl-bromo- 4-fluorobutane. The crude material was purified by reverse phase chromatography (19x250mm Symmetry C18; 20-70% CH3CN/H20 with 0.1% TFA; 20mUmin, 20 min run time) to provide the trifluoroacetate salt. MS (ES+) 349.3 Example 25 [4-(2-BenzenesulfonyI-ethoxy)-phenyl]-(2-(S)-pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)- methanone trifluoroacetate The title compound is prepared in a manner substantially analogous to Procedure E starting from (4-hydroxy-phenyl)-(2-(S)-pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)- methanone and 2-chloroethylphenyl siulfone except potassium iodide (0.5 eq) is added and the reaction mixture is heated at 60 °C. The crude material was purified by reverse phase chromatography (19x250mm Symmetry C18; 20-70% CH3CN/H20 with 0.1% TFA; 20mL/min, 20 min run time) to provide the trifluoroacetate salt. MS (ES+) 443.4. Example 26 [4-(4-MethylsuIfanyl-butoxy).phe:nyl]-(2-(S)-pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)- methanone trifluoroacetate The title compound is prepared in a manner substantially analogous to Intermediate 1 starting from (4-hydroxy-phenyl)-(2-(S)-pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)- methanone and 4-(methylthio)-l-butanol. The crude material was purified by reverse phase (19x250mm Symmetry CI8; 20-70% CH3CN/H20 with 0.1% TFA; 20mL/min, 20 min run time) to provide the trifluoroaeetate salt. MS (ES+) 377.3. Example 27 (2-(S)-PyrroKdin-l-ylmethyl-pyrro!idin-l-yl)-[4-(3,3^-trifluoro-propoxy)-phenyl]- methanone trifluoroaeetate The title compound is prepared in a manner substantially analogous to Intermediate 1 starting from (4-hydroxy-phenyl)-(2-(S)-pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)- raethanone and 3,3,3-trifluoro-l-propanol. The crude material was purified by reverse phase (19x250mm Symmetry C18; 20-70% CH3CN/H20 with 0.1% TFA; 20mL/min, 20 min run time) to provide the trifluoroaeetate salt. MS (ES+) 371.3. Example 28 (2-Fluoro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-(2-(S)-pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyiTolidin-l-yl)- methanone The title compound is prepared in a manner substantially analogous .to Procedure D from 2-fluoro-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (CAS 65145-13-3). MS (ES+) 293.1. Example 29 (2-Fluoro-4-hydroxvv-phenyl)-[2-(S)-(2-(R)-methy]-pyrrolidin-l-ylraethyl)- pyrrolidin-l-yl]-methanone The title compound is prepared in a manner substantially analogous to Procedure D from 2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid and 2-(R)-methyl-l- (2-(S)- pyrrolidinylmethyl)pyrrolidine (Intermediate 11). MS (ES+) 307.3. Example 30 (4.Pentyloxy-phenyI)-(2-(S)-pynolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)-methanone Procedure G: 4-Pentyloxybenzoic acid (67 mg, 0.32 mmol) and PS-carbodiimide (484 mg, 0.64 mmol, mmol/g = 1.32) are combined with 5% DMF in CH2CI2 (5.0 mL) and the mixture is stirred. (S)(+)-l-(2-pyrrolidinylmethyl)pyrrolidine (50 mg, 0.32 mmol) is added to this mixture and stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture is filtered and the resin is washed with CH2CI2. The filtrate is concentrated and the resulting residue purified using silica-gel column chromatography (in CH2CI2 followed by 5% 2 M NH3 MeOH in CH2CI2) to give 28.9 mg (26%) of the title compound. Observed mass: 345(M+1). Example 31 5-Methoxy-2-methylene-l-(2-(S)-pyiTolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrroHdin-l-yl)-pent-3-en-l- one The title compound is prepared in a manner substantially analogous to Procedure G. Observed Mass 289. Example 32 (4-Isobutoxy-phenyl)-(2-(S)-pynolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)-methanone The title compound is prepared in a manner substantially analogous to Procedure G. Observed Mass 331. Example 33 (4-Isopropoxy-phenyl)-(2-(S)"py:rrolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)-methanone The title compound is prepared in a manner substantially analogous to Procedure G. Observed Mass 317. Example 34 (4-Cyclohexylmethoxy-phenyI)-(2-(S)-pyrrolidin-l-yIniethyl-pyrroIidin-l-yl)- methanone The title compound is prepared in a mtinner substantially analogous to Procedure G. Observed Mass 371. Example 35 (4-Heptyloxy-phenyl)-(2-(S)-pyrrolidm-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)-methanone The title compound is prepared in a manner substantially analogous to Procedure G. Observed Mass 373. Example 36 (4-Difluoromethoxy-phenyl)-(2-(S)-pyrrolidin-l-yImethyI-pyrrolidin-l-yl)- methanone The title compound is prepared in a manner substantially analogous to Procedure G. Observed Mass 325. Example 37 (4-Ethoxy-phenyI)-(2-(S)-pyrroJidfn-l-y[methyl-pyrroIidin-l-yI)-methanne, hydrochloride salt The title compound is formed by treating [4-(3-Phenyl-propoxy)-phenyl]-(2-pyrrolidin-l- ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)-methanonu with one equivalent of HC1 in diethyl ether. Observed Mass 393. Example 48 (4-Phenoxy-phenyl)-(2-(S)-pyrr(»Udin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)-methanone The title compound is prepared in a manner substantially analogous to Procedure G. Observed Mass 351. Example 49 [4-(4-Phenoxy-butoxy)-phenyI]-(2-(S)-pyrroIidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)- methanone trifluoroacetate The title compound is prepared in a manner substantially analogous to Procedure E the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature overnight starting from (4-hydroxy- phenyl)-(2-(S)-pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)-methanoneand4-phenoxybutyl bromide. The crude material is purified by reverse phase chromatography (19 x 250mm Symmetry C18; 20-70% CH3CN/H20 with 0.1% TFA; 20 mL/min, 20 min run time) to provide the trifluoroacetate salt. MS (ES+) 423.4 Example SO [4-(3-Phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyI]-(2-(S)-pyrroHdin-l-ylmethyI-pyrroIidin-l-yI)- methanone trifluoroacetate The title compound is prepared in a manner substantially analogous to Procedure E except the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature overnight starting from (4- hydroxy-phenyl)-(2-(S)-pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)-methanoneand3- phenoxypropyl bromide. The crude material is purified by reverse phase chromatography (19 x 250 mm Symmetry CI8; 20-70% CH3CN/H2O with 0.1% TFA; 20 mlVmin, 20 min run time) to provide the trifluoroacetate salt. MS (ES+) 409.4 Example 51 {4-[3-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-propoxy]-phenyl}-(2-(S)-pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin- l-yl)-methanone trifluoroacetate The title compound is prepared in a manner substantially analogous to Procedure E, starting from (4-hydroxy-phenyl)-(2-(S)-pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)- methanone and l-(3-chloro-propyl)-4-methoxy-benzene except potassium iodide (0.5 eq) is added and the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature. The crude material is purified by reverse phase chromatography (19 x 250 mm Symmetry CI8; 20-70% CH3CN/H2O with 0.1% TFA; 20 ml./min, 20 min run time) to provide the trifluoroacetate salt. MS (ES+) 423.4. Example 52 [4-(3-Methanesulfony]-phenoxy)-phenyl]-(2-(S)-pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyI-pyrro)idin-l- yl)-methanone hydrochloride 4-(3-Methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-benzoic acid (l.Ommol) (see Intermediate 13) and oxalyl chloride (2.0 mmol) are combined in dichloromethane (0.10 M), add 1 drop of dimethylforrnamide added as a catalyst. The solution is stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction is concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue is dissolved in dichloromethane and add ed to a stirring solution of (S)-(+)-l-(2- pyrrolidinyImethyl)pyrrolidine (1.0 mmol) and N-methylmorpholine (1.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.10 M). The reaction is stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The reaction is washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and the aqueous portion extracted with 10% isopropanol/dichloromethane. The combined organic portions are concentrated in vacuo and purified via radial chromatography eluting with 2 M ammonia in methanol and dichloromethane. The purified free base is dissolved in a minimal amount of dichloromethane and a slight excess of 1 M HC1 in ether is added, followed by hexane. The mixture is then concentrated in vacuo to give the titled compound. MS (m/e): 429.2 (M+l) Example 53 [4-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-p]tienyl]-(2-(S)-pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyI-pyrrolidin-l- y))-methanone hydrochloride Combine (4-bromo-phenyl)-(2-(S)-pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-yl)methanone (see Intermediate 10) (1.35 mmol), 4-methylsulfonylphenol (1.0 mmol), potassium carbonate (1.65 mmol), and copper (0.022 mmol) in dimethylformamide (0.4 M) and heat at reflux temperature for 48 h. The reaction is allowed to cool to room temperature, diluted with water, and extracted with 10% isopropanol/dichloromethane. The organic portion is concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue is purified by radial silica chromatography, eluting with 2 M ammonia in methanol and dichloromethane. The purified free base is dissolved in a minimal amount of dichloromethane and a slight excess of 1 M HC1 in ether is added, followed by hexane. The material is concentrated in vacuo to give the titled compound. MS (m/e): 429.2 (M-H). Example 54 (S)-(6-(2,4-Difluoro-phenoxy)-pyridin-3-yl]-(2-pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl-pyrrolidin-l- y!)-methanoiie dihydrochloride salt Procedure J: To a stirring solution of 6-(2,4-difluoro-phenoxy)-nicotinic acid sodium salt (1.0 mmol) and N-methyl morpholine (1.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.10 M) in a 0 °C ice bath, add 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-l,3,5-triazine (1.0 mmol). Remove the ice bath and stir for 45 min. Add (S)-(+)-l-(2-pyrrolidinylmethyl)pyrrolidine (l.Ommol) and stir at room temperature for 18 h. Wash the reaction with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate while extracting with 10%isopropanol/dichloromethane. Dry the organic layer with sodium sulfate, filter and concentrate in vacuo. Purify via chromatography eluting with 2M ammonia in methanol and dichloromethane. Dissolve the purified free base in minimal dichloromethane and add 1 M HC1 in ether in slight excess followed by hexane. Concentrate in vacuo to give

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1 3514-KOLNP-2007-01-02-2023-LETTER OF PATENT.pdf 2023-02-01
1 abstract-03514-kolnp-2007.jpg 2011-10-07
2 3514-KOLNP-2007-PCT IPER.pdf 2011-10-07
2 Form 27 [18-03-2016(online)].pdf 2016-03-18
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5 3514-KOLNP-2007-FORM 3 1.1.pdf 2011-10-07
5 3514-KOLNP-2007-(10-12-2013)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf 2013-12-10
6 3514-KOLNP-2007-FORM 2 1.1.pdf 2011-10-07
6 3514-KOLNP-2007-ASSIGNMENT.pdf 2013-11-25
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8 3514-KOLNP-2007-FORM 1 1.1.pdf 2011-10-07
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14 3514-KOLNP-2007-(07-10-2011)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf 2011-10-07
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29 03514-kolnp-2007-correspondence others.pdf 2011-10-07
29 3514-KOLNP-2007-(05-11-2012)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf 2012-11-05
30 03514-kolnp-2007-abstract.pdf 2011-10-07
30 03514-KOLNP-2007-CORRESPONDENCE 1.1.pdf 2011-10-07
31 03514-kolnp-2007-assignment.pdf 2011-10-07
31 03514-kolnp-2007-claims 1.1.pdf 2011-10-07
32 03514-kolnp-2007-claims 1.0.pdf 2011-10-07
33 03514-kolnp-2007-assignment.pdf 2011-10-07
33 03514-kolnp-2007-claims 1.1.pdf 2011-10-07
34 03514-kolnp-2007-abstract.pdf 2011-10-07
34 03514-KOLNP-2007-CORRESPONDENCE 1.1.pdf 2011-10-07
35 03514-kolnp-2007-correspondence others.pdf 2011-10-07
35 3514-KOLNP-2007-(05-11-2012)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf 2012-11-05
36 3514-KOLNP-2007-(25-02-2013)-FORM 3.pdf 2013-02-25
36 03514-kolnp-2007-description complete.pdf 2011-10-07
37 3514-KOLNP-2007-(25-02-2013)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf 2013-02-25
37 03514-kolnp-2007-form 1.pdf 2011-10-07
38 03514-kolnp-2007-form 13.pdf 2011-10-07
38 3514-KOLNP-2007-(18-06-2013)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf 2013-06-18
39 03514-kolnp-2007-form 18.pdf 2011-10-07
39 3514-KOLNP-2007-REPLY TO EXAMINATION REPORT.pdf 2013-11-25
40 03514-kolnp-2007-form 2.pdf 2011-10-07
40 3514-KOLNP-2007-PETITION UNDER RULE 137.pdf 2013-11-25
41 03514-KOLNP-2007-FORM 3-1.1.pdf 2011-10-07
41 3514-KOLNP-2007-OTHERS.pdf 2013-11-25
42 03514-kolnp-2007-form 3.pdf 2011-10-07
42 3514-KOLNP-2007-INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT & OTHERS.pdf 2013-11-25
43 03514-kolnp-2007-form 5.pdf 2011-10-07
43 3514-KOLNP-2007-INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION.pdf 2013-11-25
44 03514-kolnp-2007-gpa.pdf 2011-10-07
44 3514-KOLNP-2007-GRANTED-SPECIFICATION-COMPLETE.pdf 2013-11-25
45 03514-kolnp-2007-international publication.pdf 2011-10-07
45 3514-KOLNP-2007-GRANTED-FORM 5.pdf 2013-11-25
46 3514-KOLNP-2007-GRANTED-FORM 3.pdf 2013-11-25
46 03514-kolnp-2007-international search report.pdf 2011-10-07
47 03514-KOLNP-2007-OTHERS.pdf 2011-10-07
47 3514-KOLNP-2007-GRANTED-FORM 2.pdf 2013-11-25
48 03514-kolnp-2007-pct priority document notification.pdf 2011-10-07
48 3514-KOLNP-2007-GRANTED-FORM 1.pdf 2013-11-25
49 03514-kolnp-2007-pct request form.pdf 2011-10-07
49 3514-KOLNP-2007-GRANTED-DESCRIPTION (COMPLETE).pdf 2013-11-25
50 3514-KOLNP-2007-(07-10-2011)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf 2011-10-07
50 3514-KOLNP-2007-GRANTED-CLAIMS.pdf 2013-11-25
51 3514-KOLNP-2007-ABSTRACT 1.1.pdf 2011-10-07
51 3514-KOLNP-2007-GRANTED-ABSTRACT.pdf 2013-11-25
52 3514-KOLNP-2007-CLAIMS.pdf 2011-10-07
52 3514-KOLNP-2007-FORM 26.pdf 2013-11-25
53 3514-KOLNP-2007-CORRESPONDENCE-1.2.pdf 2011-10-07
53 3514-KOLNP-2007-FORM 18.pdf 2013-11-25
54 3514-KOLNP-2007-DESCRIPTION (COMPLETE) 1.1.pdf 2011-10-07
54 3514-KOLNP-2007-FORM 13.pdf 2013-11-25
55 3514-KOLNP-2007-EXAMINATION REPORT REPLY RECIEVED.pdf 2011-10-07
55 3514-KOLNP-2007-EXAMINATION REPORT.pdf 2013-11-25
56 3514-KOLNP-2007-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf 2013-11-25
56 3514-KOLNP-2007-FORM 1 1.1.pdf 2011-10-07
57 3514-KOLNP-2007-CANCELLED PAGES.pdf 2013-11-25
57 3514-KOLNP-2007-FORM 13 1.1.pdf 2011-10-07
58 3514-KOLNP-2007-FORM 2 1.1.pdf 2011-10-07
58 3514-KOLNP-2007-ASSIGNMENT.pdf 2013-11-25
59 3514-KOLNP-2007-FORM 3 1.1.pdf 2011-10-07
59 3514-KOLNP-2007-(10-12-2013)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf 2013-12-10
60 Form 27.pdf 2014-04-02
60 3514-KOLNP-2007-OTHERS 1.1.pdf 2011-10-07
61 ipindiaonline.gov.in_epatentfiling_online_frmPreview.asp.pdf 2015-03-13
61 3514-KOLNP-2007-PA.pdf 2011-10-07
62 3514-KOLNP-2007-PCT IPER.pdf 2011-10-07
62 Form 27 [18-03-2016(online)].pdf 2016-03-18
63 3514-KOLNP-2007-01-02-2023-LETTER OF PATENT.pdf 2023-02-01
63 abstract-03514-kolnp-2007.jpg 2011-10-07

ERegister / Renewals

3rd: 25 Feb 2014

From 13/03/2008 - To 13/03/2009

4th: 25 Feb 2014

From 13/03/2009 - To 13/03/2010

5th: 25 Feb 2014

From 13/03/2010 - To 13/03/2011

6th: 25 Feb 2014

From 13/03/2011 - To 13/03/2012

7th: 25 Feb 2014

From 13/03/2012 - To 13/03/2013

8th: 25 Feb 2014

From 13/03/2013 - To 13/03/2014

9th: 25 Feb 2014

From 13/03/2014 - To 13/03/2015

10th: 10 Mar 2015

From 13/03/2015 - To 13/03/2016

11th: 23 Jan 2016

From 13/03/2016 - To 13/03/2017