QUICK RESPONSE FLOAT OPERATED VAPOR VENT VALVE

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of United States Provisional Application Serial
No. 61/645,354, filed May 10, 2012, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference
in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure generally relates to float-operated vent valves, including
vent valves that can be used, for example, to vent vapor pressure in fuel tanks.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Float-operated vent valves operate by closing a vent port in a fuel tank when the
fuel level in the tank reaches a predetermined level. These valves may include a relatively thin
flexible membrane that can seal against a valve seat of the vent port to close the valve. The
valve port may have a relatively large circumference to provide the desired vapor flow at low
vapor pressures. As a result, a relatively low closing force can be used to seal the flexible
membrane against the valve seat.
[0004] When the fuel level in the tank drops below the predetermined level, the valve is
configured to reopen and release fuel vapor through the valve port. However, increased vapor
pressure in the fuel tank along with the relatively large circumference of the valve port can cause
the membrane to remain sealed against the valve seat, thereby preventing the valve from
opening. In other words, the valve sticks and remains closed in situations where it is desired for
the valve to be open.
SUMMARY
[0005] A valve assembly is provided for venting pressure in a fuel tank. The valve
assembly includes a housing that defines a passage and a valve seat provided at one end of the
passage. A float assembly is disposed within the housing. The float assembly includes a flexible
membrane seal that seals against the valve seat when the float assembly rises in response to a
rising fuel level in the fuel tank. The float assembly also includes a reopen profile that applies a
reopening force along a select portion of the membrane seal to release the membrane seal from
the valve seat when the float assembly drops in response to a falling fuel level in the fuel tank.
[0006] Various aspects of the present disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in
the art from the following detailed description of the embodiments, when read in light of the
accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with
reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
[0008] Fig. 1 is a section view of a valve assembly according to one aspect of the present
disclosure.
[0009] Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a float assembly used in the valve assembly of Fig.
1 according to one aspect of the disclosure.
[0010] Fig. 3 is a section view taken along line III-III of the float assembly of Fig. 2.
[0011] Figs. 4A - 4C are section views taken along line III-III of the float assembly of
Fig. 2 illustrating alternative aspects of a top portion of the float assembly.
[0012] Figs. 5A - 5D are perspective views of alternative aspects of a top portion of the
float assembly of Fig. 2 showing various seal contacting contours.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present disclosure,
examples of which are described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings. While the
invention will be described in conjunction with embodiments, it will be understood that they are
not intended to limit the invention to these embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is
intended to cover alternatives, modifications and equivalents, which may be included within the
spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
[0014] The present disclosure generally relates to a float-operated valve assembly with a
relatively thin flexible membrane seal that readily seals against a valve seat with a low closing
force when the fuel level in a fuel tank reaches a predetermined level. The valve assembly also
reliably opens without sticking when the fuel level drops to a level where it is desired to vent the
vapors in the tank.
[0015] Fig. 1 illustrates a valve assembly 10 according to one aspect of the present
disclosure. The valve assembly 10 includes a housing 12 having an upper portion 14 to be
disposed outside the fuel tank. The upper portion 14 includes a hose fitting 16 with a vapor
outlet passage 18 and an outwardly extending annular flange 20. The housing 12 also includes a
downwardly extending lower portion 22. The lower portion 22 is designed to extend into the
interior of the fuel tank through a fuel tank access opening. The lower portion 22 has a float
cavity 24 housing a float assembly 26, which is shown in greater detail in Figs. 2 and 3.
[0016] The flange 20 on the upper portion 14 of the housing 12 has an annular
attachment flange 28 disposed over it. The attachment flange 28 may be formed onto the
flange 20 by any appropriate means, such as overmolding, and can have a retainer ring 30 that
engages the attachment flange 28 and the lower portion 22. An elastomeric seal material 32 can
be disposed in the periphery of the attachment flange 28 to form a substantially vapor impervious
seal between the flange 20 and the attachment flange 28. The attachment flange 28 may be made
of a material such as, for example, that is weldable to a plastic tank.
[0017] A valve seat member 34 is disposed in the housing 12 and includes an annular
valve seat 36 formed on the lower end of a valving passage 38 that extends vertically through the
valve seat member 34. A ball-shaped, gravity-responsive check valve 40 may be seated on an
upper end of the passage 38 and positioned by an annular retaining wall 42 formed in the valve
seat member 34.
[0018] A cup-shaped or U-shaped cover 44 may be disposed over the lower portion 22.
The cover 44 may be secured to the lower portion 22 via any appropriate manner such as, for
example, a threaded connection, a press-fit connection, a snap-fit connection, or a welded
connection.
[0019] The upper end of the vapor passage 38 may have one or a plurality of grooves to
permit bleed flow of fuel vapor when the check valve 40 is seated on the end of the passage 38.
If there is excessive vapor pressure in the fuel tank, the tank pressure overcomes the weight of
the check valve 40 and pushes the check valve 40 upward to release the pressure.
[0020] Figs. 2 and 3 show the float assembly 26 in greater detail. The float assembly 26
may include a generally cylindrical or tubular body 48 and a core 50 disposed within the body
48. The core 50 may have a curved surface 52 at its upper end. The core 50 may be secured
within the body 48 by any suitable means such as, for example, a press-fit connection, a snap-fit
connection, or a welded connection. Alternatively, the body 48 and the core 50 can be integrally
formed as a single-piece member. The body 48 can have a supporting member, such as a cage
54, formed on its upper end. The cage 54 may retain a resilient flexible membrane seal 56,
which may have a relatively thin membrane configuration. The cage 54 can extend a sufficient
height above the core 52 to permit limited motion of the membrane seal 56.
[0021] In one embodiment, the flexible membrane seal 56 is supported on a generally
rigid member 60. The rigid member 60 can be seated on the curved surface 52 of the core 50 so
that the rigid member 60 can pivot on the core 50. The rigid member 60 may be have an
irregular upper surface, such as a textured or ribbed surface, to allow liquid fuel to drain away
from the upper surface when the membrane seal 56 is sealed against the valve seat 36, thereby
reducing or preventing sticking of the membrane seal 56 with the valve seat 36. Alternatively, or
in addition, a bottom surface of the membrane seal 56 contacting the rigid member 60 may be
textured as well for drainage.
[0022] To further prevent sticking of the membrane seal 56 with the valve seat 36, the
cage 54 has an irregularly-shaped reopen profile 64 near the upper portion thereof. The reopen
profile 64 is configured to contact and deflect the membrane seal 56 from the valve seat 36 when
the float assembly 26 moves downward. To accomplish this function, the reopen profile 64 can
define any irregularly-shaped surface. In one embodiment, Fig. 4A illustrates an irregular
straight (i.e., slanted) reopen profile 64. In another embodiment, Fig. 4B illustrates an
irregularly curved reopen profile 64. In still another embodiment, Fig. 4C illustrates a reopen
profile 64 with relief cuts to provide its irregular shape. Regardless of the specific shape, the
reopen profile 64 is supported on and/or forms part of the cage 54 attached to the float assembly
26. As a result, the reopen profile 64 contacts the membrane seal 56 and dislodges the
membrane seal 56 as the float assembly 26 drops. The membrane seal 56 conforms to the shape
of the reopen profile 64 such that the irregular shape of the reopen profile 64 allows drainage of
liquid fuel and interruption of air flow around the membrane seal 56 to prevent sticking.
[0023] Although the cage 54 is shown as a support member for the reopen profile 64, any
structure can be used as a supporting member to attach the reopen profile 64 to the float
assembly 26. Similar to the cage 54, the supporting member can also constrain the movement of
the membrane seal 56 if desired.
[0024] Figs. 5A - 5D show additional variations of the reopen profile 64 according to the
disclosure. Those of skill in the art will recognize that the specific shape of the reopen profile 64
can be modified without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The reopen profile
64 may have any configuration that allows the membrane seal 56 to conform to the reopen
profile 64 while still preventing sticking. More particularly, the reopen profile 64 is designed to
direct or concentrate a reopening force along an edge or point of the membrane seal 56 that is
located away from the center axis of the float assembly 26. Concentrating the reopening force
on a small area of the membrane seal 56 breaks the seal with less energy than applying a
reopening force over the entire membrane seal 56. Also, the reopen profile 64 may initiate
reopening at the lowest possible tank pressure. As reopening occurs, the resulting venting lowers
the tank pressure and enables the valve to open further.
[0025] As noted above, the reopen profile 64 may be an irregular straight line (Fig. 4A)
or may have relief cuts (Fig. 4B). Other possible reopen profiles may, for example, have an
angled shape (Fig. 5A, which is a perspective view of the profile of Fig. 4A), a dual-angled or
dual shape forming a V (Fig. 5B), a partial spiral shape (Fig. 5C), and a partial spiral shape with
an additional protrusion (Fig. 5D). Other possible reopen profile shapes include an asymmetrical
complex curve and/or some other profile having one or more force concentrators, such as
projections, that apply force onto specific portions or areas of the membrane seal 56 to facilitate
its release from the valve seat 36. Regardless of its specific shape, the reopen profile 64 is
designed to apply force to selected portions or areas of the membrane seal 56, such as the
perimeter, to initiate reopening with a small amount of force.
[0026] The reopen profile 56 may also have relief cuts or other textures, such as the ones
shown in Fig. 2B, to interrupt air flow and prevent the membrane seal 56 from aspirating shut.
As noted above, relief cuts and/or textures between contacting surfaces (e.g., between the
membrane seal 56 and the reopen profile 64) may be included to drain liquid that may cause
sticking.
[0027] Referring to Fig. 1, the float assembly is biased upward by a spring 66 having its
lower end engaged with inside of the cover 44. The upper end of the spring 66 can be registered
in an annular groove 68 formed in the lower end of the core 50.
[0028] In operation, as the fuel level in the fuel tank rises, the float assembly 26 moves
upward to the position shown in dashed outline in Fig. 1 such that the valve seat 36 extends
through an orifice 70 that is defined by the cage 54. The membrane seal 56 contacts the valve
seat 36 and is sealed by the rigid member 60 pressing against the membrane seal 56. The orifice
70 itself can have any shape, such as round, elongated, slot-shaped, pear or teardrop-shaped, Vshaped,
etc., as long as it allows contact between the valve seat 36 and the membrane seal 56.
The shape of the orifice 70 may be affected by the shape selected for the reopen profile 64. For
example, if the orifice 70 has a narrower portion, such as at the end of a teardrop-shaped or
elongated opening, this narrower portion may be aligned with the lowest portion of the reopen
profile 64 to focus the initial reopening forces on a smaller area of the membrane seal 56,
optimizing the peel-away function. Moreover, depending on the shape of the reopen profile 64,
the float assembly 26 may be designed to have a specific orientation within the float cavity 24 so
that the membrane seal 56 matches the profile of the reopen profile 64 in the area surrounding
the orifice 70 (e.g. , if the area surrounding the orifice 70 is angled, contoured, or otherwise
asymmetrical).
[0029] When the fuel level in the fuel tank falls, the float assembly 26 drops, causing the
reopen profile 64 to selectively contact the membrane seal 56 and release concentrated portions
of the membrane seal 56 from the valve seat 36. The concentrated release can prevent the
membrane seal 56 from sticking against the valve seat 36. Additional downward movement of
the float assembly 26 may cause portions of the reopen profile 64 to contact additional portions
of the membrane seal 56, depending on the specific shape of the reopen profile 64, and initiate
additional releasing action. When the float assembly 26 lowers even further, the upper portion of
the cage 54 contacts the membrane seal 56 and completes peeling of the membrane seal 56 away
from the valve seat 36.
[0030] The present disclosure therefore shows a unique and novel construction for a
valve assembly 10 having a relatively thin resilient membrane seal 56 mounted within a cage 54
on a float assembly 26. The membrane seal 56 has limited motion within the cage 54 for sealing
on a valve seat 36 as the float assembly 26 rises. Upon withdrawal of fuel and lowering of the
float assembly 26, a reopen profile 64 supported on the cage 54 contacts selected portions of the
membrane seal 56 to release the membrane seal 56 from the valve seat 36. This configuration
helps to prevent the membrane seal 56 from remaining in a completely closed condition. Upon
further lowering of the float assembly 26, the cage 54 releases the membrane seal 56 completely
away from the valve seat 36, allowing vapor to flow freely through the valve passage 38. The
reopen profile 64 therefore provides fast, reliable opening of the valve assembly 10 at lower
pressures in response to lowered fuel levels in the fuel tank.
[0031] The foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the present invention have
been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be
exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and various modifications and
variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and
described in order to explain the principles of the invention and its practical application, to
thereby enable others skilled in the art to utilize the invention and various embodiments with
various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the
scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

CLAIMS:
What is claimed is:
1. A valve assembly for venting pressure in a fuel tank, the valve assembly
comprising:
a housing defining a passage and a valve seat provided at one end of the passage;
and
a float assembly disposed within the housing, the float assembly including
a flexible membrane seal that seals against the valve seat when the float
assembly rises in response to a rising fuel level in the fuel tank, and
a reopen profile that applies a reopening force along a select portion of the
membrane seal to release the membrane seal from the valve seat when the float assembly
drops in response to a falling fuel level in the fuel tank.
2. The valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising a support member that
supports the reopen profile on the float assembly.
3. The valve assembly of claim 2, wherein the support member is a cage and the
membrane seal is disposed within the cage.
4. The valve assembly of claim 3, wherein the reopen profile is integrally formed
with the cage.
5. The valve assembly of claim 2, wherein the support member defines a height
extending from the float assembly that permits limited motion of the membrane seal.
6. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the reopen profile has a shape selected
from the group consisting of a curve, an irregular curve, a shape with relief cuts, an angle, a dual
angle, a partial spiral shape, and any of the above listed shapes with a protrusion.
7. The valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising a generally rigid member that
supports the membrane seal.
8. The valve assembly of claim 7, wherein the float assembly further includes a core
that defines a curved surface, and the rigid member is pivotally supported on the curved surface.
9. The valve assembly of claim 7, wherein at least one of the rigid member, the
membrane seal, and the reopen profile has a ribbed surface.
10. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the reopen profile applies the reopening
force along a perimeter of the membrane seal.
11. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the reopen profile applies the reopening
force to a select area of the membrane seal that is located away from a center axis of the float
assembly.
12. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the membrane seal generally conforms to
the reopen profile when the float assembly further drops in response to the falling fuel level in
the fuel tank.
13. A valve assembly for venting pressure in a fuel tank, the valve assembly
comprising:
a housing defining a passage and a valve seat at one end of the passage; and
a float assembly disposed within the housing, the float assembly including
a tubular body,
a support member formed on an upper end of the tubular body,
a core disposed within the tubular body, the core having a curved surface
at a top end,
a rigid member disposed within the support member and pivotally
supported on the curved surface of the core,
a flexible membrane seal that is supported on the rigid member and seals
against the valve seat when the float assembly rises in response to a rising fuel level in
the fuel tank, and
a reopen profile supported by the support member, wherein the reopen
profile initially applies a reopening force along a select portion of the flexible membrane
seal to release the membrane seal from the valve seat when the float assembly drops in
response to a falling fuel level in the fuel tank.
14. The valve assembly of claim 13, wherein the support member is a cage and the
membrane seal is disposed within the cage.
15. The valve assembly of claim 14, wherein the reopen profile is integrally formed
with the cage.
16. The valve assembly of claim 14, wherein the cage defines a height extending from
the curved surface of the core that permits limited motion of the membrane seal.
17. The valve assembly of claim 13, wherein the reopen profile has a shape selected
from the group consisting of a curve, an irregular curve, a shape with relief cuts, an angle, a dual
angle, a partial spiral shape, and any of the above listed shapes with a protrusion.
18. The valve assembly of claim 13, wherein at least one of the rigid member, the
membrane seal, and the reopen profile has a ribbed surface.
19. The valve assembly of claim 13, wherein the reopen profile applies the reopening
force to a select area of the membrane seal that is located away from a center axis of the float
assembly.
20. The valve assembly of claim 13, wherein the membrane seal generally conforms
to the reopen profile when the float assembly further drops in response to the falling fuel level in
the fuel tank.