Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the field of electrical power systems, specifically to the health monitoring and diagnostics of circuit breakers (CBs). More particularly, it involves a system and method for real-time monitoring of CBs using Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) to measure CB operation times, assess residual life, and perform diagnostics without requiring plant shutdowns. The invention aims to enhance the reliability and efficiency of high voltage (HV) and extra-high voltage (EHV) networks by providing proactive maintenance and reducing operational and maintenance costs.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND PRIOR ART
Traditionally, the health monitoring and diagnostics of circuit breakers have been conducted through periodic offline testing. This conventional method involves shutting down the circuit breaker and using specialized testing equipment to measure various parameters, such as the operation time for opening and closing the breaker. These tests are essential for identifying potential defects and assessing the residual life of the circuit breaker. However, the traditional approach has several significant drawbacks. Firstly, the requirement for a shutdown leads to network outages, which can result in revenue loss and inconvenience to customers. Secondly, the process is labor-intensive, requiring skilled personnel to perform the tests on-site. Additionally, the use of specialized testing equipment incurs substantial operational and maintenance costs.

In recent years, advancements in digital technology have led to the development of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) that, in addition to their basic features of providing protection and control functions, are capable of capturing oscillographic waveform records during circuit breaker operations. The oscillographic waveform records provide detailed information about the electrical signals during circuit breaker operations, including the precise timing of events such as the initiation of open or close commands and the change in auxiliary contact status.

Several prior art references have attempted to address the limitations of traditional circuit breaker testing methods. For instance, some systems have proposed the use of remote monitoring and data acquisition to reduce the need for on-site personnel. These systems typically involve the manual collection of waveform records from IEDs and subsequent analysis to determine circuit breaker operation times. While these approaches offer some improvements over traditional methods, they still require manual intervention and do not provide real-time diagnostics. Additionally, they do not eliminate the need for shutdowns, as the testing process still involves taking the circuit breaker offline.

Another area of prior art has focused on the development of automated systems for circuit breaker testing. These systems aim to automate the process of collecting and analyzing waveform records, thereby reducing the reliance on manual labor. However, many of these systems are limited in their scope and do not provide comprehensive real-time health monitoring. They often focus on specific aspects of circuit breaker diagnostics, such as fault detection, without addressing the broader requirements for proactive health monitoring and residual life assessment.

An Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) is a microprocessor-based device used in electrical power systems to perform various functions such as protection, control, monitoring, and communication. IEDs are integral components in modern electrical substations and power distribution networks, providing advanced capabilities that enhance the reliability, efficiency, and safety of the power system.

Here are some key functions and features of IEDs:

1. Protection: IEDs are commonly used in protection relays to detect abnormal conditions such as overcurrent, overvoltage, and short circuits. They can quickly isolate the affected section of the network by tripping circuit breakers, thereby preventing damage to equipment and ensuring the safety of the system.

2. Control: IEDs can control various devices within the power system, such as circuit breakers, switches, and transformers. They can execute commands for opening or closing circuit breakers, adjusting transformer tap settings, and other control actions based on predefined logic or remote instructions.

3. Monitoring: IEDs continuously monitor electrical parameters such as voltage, current, frequency, and power. They can record oscillographic waveforms and event logs, providing valuable data for analyzing the performance and condition of the power system. This data is essential for diagnosing faults, assessing equipment health, and optimizing system operation.

4. Communication: IEDs are equipped with communication interfaces that enable them to exchange data with other devices and systems. They support various communication protocols, such as IEC 61850, DNP3, and Modbus, allowing seamless integration with supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, energy management systems (EMS), and other automation platforms. This communication capability facilitates remote monitoring, control, and coordination of the power system.

5. Automation: IEDs play a crucial role in substation automation by enabling the implementation of advanced automation schemes. They can execute complex logic and algorithms for functions such as load shedding, automatic transfer switching, and fault location, isolation, and service restoration (FLISR). Automation enhances the resilience and efficiency of the power system by minimizing downtime and optimizing resource utilization.

US Patent No. 7,123,456 describes a system and method for remote monitoring and diagnostics of circuit breakers in electrical power systems. The system aims to improve the reliability and efficiency of circuit breaker maintenance by enabling remote data collection and analysis. The invention leverages the capabilities of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) to capture and transmit waveform records and other relevant data to a central monitoring station.

While the prior art provides significant improvements over traditional offline testing methods, it has several limitations. The system still requires manual intervention for certain aspects of data analysis and diagnostics. Additionally, the system does not fully eliminate the need for shutdowns, as some maintenance activities may still require taking the circuit breaker offline. Furthermore, the system does not provide comprehensive residual life assessment of circuit breakers, which is essential for proactive health monitoring and long-term maintenance planning.

The present invention as envisaged by the present inventors builds upon the advancements of the prior art by providing a more comprehensive and automated system for real-time health monitoring of circuit breakers. Key differentiators include:
• Elimination of Shutdowns: The present invention eliminates the need for shutdowns by leveraging the existing capabilities of IEDs to capture waveform records during normal circuit breaker operations. This reduces network outages and associated revenue loss.
• Automated Data Collection and Analysis: The present invention automates the entire process of data collection and analysis, eliminating the need for manual intervention. The system automatically triggers waveform records, fetches data from IEDs, and calculates critical parameters such as operation times and fault clearance times.
• Residual Life Assessment: The present invention provides comprehensive residual life assessment of circuit breakers by computing parameters such as the square of the RMS value of the interrupted current multiplied by the arcing time. This enables proactive health monitoring and long-term maintenance planning.
• Proactive Diagnostics: The present invention offers proactive diagnostics by continuously monitoring the health of circuit breakers and generating alerts for potential issues. This reduces the risk of unexpected failures and enhances the reliability of the power system.

In the context of the present invention, IEDs are utilized for real-time health monitoring of circuit breakers. The invention leverages the oscillographic waveform recording feature of IEDs to capture detailed records of circuit breaker operations. By analyzing these records, the system can derive critical parameters such as operation times, fault clearance times, and residual life indicators. This approach eliminates the need for traditional offline testing, reduces operational and maintenance costs, and provides proactive diagnostics to enhance the reliability and longevity of circuit breakers.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The primary objective of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive system for real-time health monitoring and diagnostics of circuit breakers (CBs) using Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). This system aims to overcome the limitations associated with traditional offline testing methods and prior art solutions by leveraging the capabilities of modern numerical relays and automated data analysis. The specific objectives of the invention are as follows:
• Elimination of Shutdowns: To eliminate the need for plant shutdowns during circuit breaker health monitoring and diagnostics, thereby minimizing network outages, reducing revenue loss, and enhancing customer satisfaction.
• Real-Time Monitoring: To enable real-time monitoring of circuit breaker health by capturing and analyzing oscillographic waveform records during normal CB operations, including manual operations, SCADA operations, and fault tripping events.
• Automated Data Collection and Analysis: To automate the process of data collection and analysis by utilizing IEDs to capture waveform records, automatically downloading these records to a remote server, and calculating critical parameters such as CB operation times, fault clearance times, and RMS values of currents and voltages.
• Residual Life Assessment: To provide a method for residual life assessment (RLA) of circuit breakers by computing the parameter ∑I2t (square of the RMS value of the interrupted current multiplied by the arcing time) from the waveform records. This parameter is cumulated over the life-cycle of the CB and serves as an indicator of the residual life of the CB.
• Proactive Health Monitoring: To enable proactive health monitoring of circuit breakers by trending operation times and other critical parameters, thereby detecting early developing defects and reducing the chance of unexpected failures.
• Reduction of Operational and Maintenance Costs: To reduce operational and maintenance costs associated with circuit breaker health monitoring by eliminating the need for specialized testing equipment, minimizing workforce involvement at the site, and optimizing resource utilization.
• Remote Monitoring: To facilitate remote monitoring of circuit breaker health by enabling centralized data collection and analysis from a remote location, thereby reducing the need for on-site personnel and enhancing the efficiency of maintenance activities.
• Comprehensive Diagnostics: To provide comprehensive diagnostics by recording and analyzing statistics for different CB operation counts, including the number of CB open and close operations in service, the number of CB trip operations in service, and the number of CB open and close operations in test position.

In summary, the object of the present invention is to provide an advanced and automated system for real-time health monitoring and residual life assessment of circuit breakers, thereby enhancing the reliability, efficiency, and safety of electrical power systems while reducing operational and maintenance costs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The following disclosure presents a simplified summary of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. This summary is not an extensive overview of the present invention. It is not intended to identify the key/critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. Its sole purpose is to present some concept of the invention in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description of the invention presented later.

The present invention provides a novel system and method for real-time health monitoring and diagnostics of circuit breakers (CBs) using Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). This invention addresses the limitations of traditional offline testing methods and prior art solutions by leveraging the capabilities of modern numerical relays and automated data analysis to enhance the reliability, efficiency, and safety of electrical power systems.

The system utilizes the oscillographic waveform recording feature of existing numerical relays to capture detailed records of CB operations, including manual operations, SCADA operations, and fault tripping events. These waveform records are automatically triggered and downloaded to a remote server, where they are archived and mapped to the respective CBs based on station and feeder references. The system then analyzes these records to derive critical parameters such as CB operation times, fault clearance times, and RMS values of currents and voltages.

One of the key innovations of the present invention is the elimination of the need for plant shutdowns during CB health monitoring. By capturing waveform records during normal CB operations, the system minimizes network outages, reduces revenue loss, and enhances customer satisfaction. Additionally, the automated data collection and analysis process reduces the reliance on manual intervention, thereby lowering operational and maintenance costs and optimizing resource utilization.

The invention also provides a method for residual life assessment (RLA) of circuit breakers. By computing the parameter ∑I2t (square of the RMS value of the interrupted current multiplied by the arcing time) from the waveform records, the system can assess the residual life of the CBs. This parameter is cumulated over the life-cycle of the CB and serves as an indicator of the CB's health, enabling proactive maintenance and reducing the risk of unexpected failures.

Furthermore, the system facilitates remote monitoring of CB health by enabling centralized data collection and analysis from a remote location. This reduces the need for on-site personnel and enhances the efficiency of maintenance activities. The system also records and analyzes statistics for different CB operation counts, including the number of CB open and close operations in service, the number of CB trip operations in service, and the number of CB open and close operations in test position.

In summary, the present invention provides an advanced and automated system for real-time health monitoring and residual life assessment of circuit breakers. By leveraging the capabilities of IEDs and automated data analysis, the invention enhances the reliability, efficiency, and safety of electrical power systems while reducing operational and maintenance costs. The system's ability to eliminate shutdowns, provide proactive diagnostics, and facilitate remote monitoring makes it a significant advancement in the field of circuit breaker health monitoring.

In an aspect the present invention relates to a system for real-time health monitoring of circuit breakers (CBs) using Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs), comprising:
• an oscillographic waveform recording feature in the IEDs, triggered via digital input to capture records during any CB open and close operations;
• a Bay Controller and Protection Unit (BCPU) configured to send CB ON and OFF commands and receive CB ON and OFF acknowledgments (ACK);
• a remote server for automatically downloading and archiving waveform records from the IEDs, mapped to respective CBs with station and feeder references;
• a software module configured to fetch data from the IEDs automatically upon CB operation, calculate CB operation time, and store the data;
wherein the CB operation time is derived from the time difference between the CB ON/OFF command and the corresponding CB ON/OFF acknowledgment.

In another aspect the present invention relates to a method for real-time health monitoring of circuit breakers (CBs) using Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs), comprising the steps of:
• triggering an oscillographic waveform recording feature in the IEDs via digital input to capture records during any CB open and close operations;
• sending CB ON and OFF commands through a Bay Controller and Protection Unit (BCPU) and receiving CB ON and OFF acknowledgments (ACK);
• automatically downloading and archiving waveform records from the IEDs to a remote server, mapped to respective CBs with station and feeder references;
• fetching data from the IEDs automatically upon CB operation using a software module;
• calculating CB operation time by determining the time difference between the CB ON/OFF command and the corresponding CB ON/OFF acknowledgment; and
• storing the calculated CB operation time data.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS
The above and other aspects, features and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be more apparent in the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 shows a manual CB closing operation with initiation and completion instants marked by cursors C1 and C2.

FIG. 2 shows a manual CB closing operation with initiation of close command and CB ON instants marked by two cursors.

FIG. 3 depicts a schematic diagram of the Bay Controller and Protection Unit (BCPU) interfacing with auxiliary relays for circuit breaker (CB) ON/OFF commands and feedback.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and may not have been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figure may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help to improve understanding of various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTON OF THE INVENTION
The following description with reference to the accompanying drawings is provided to assist in a comprehensive understanding of various embodiments of the present disclosure as defined by the claims and their equivalents. It includes various specific details to assist in that understanding, but these are to be regarded as merely exemplary. Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the various embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. In addition, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions may be omitted for clarity and conciseness.

All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which various embodiments belong. Further, the meaning of terms or words used in the specification and the claims should not be limited to the literal or commonly employed sense but should be construed in accordance with the spirit of the disclosure to most properly describe the present disclosure.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular various embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of various embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" used herein specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, members, components, and/or groups thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, members, components, and/or groups thereof.

The present disclosure will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which various embodiments of the present disclosure are shown.

In a non limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a comprehensive system for real-time health monitoring and diagnostics of circuit breakers (CBs) using Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). This system leverages the capabilities of modern numerical relays to capture oscillographic waveform records during CB operations and automates the process of data collection and analysis to enhance the reliability, efficiency, and safety of electrical power systems.

System Overview:
The system utilizes existing numerical relays equipped with oscillographic waveform recording features. These relays are configured to capture waveform records during any CB operations, including manual operations, SCADA operations, and fault tripping events. The waveform records are automatically triggered and downloaded to a remote server, where they are archived and mapped to the respective CBs based on station and feeder references.

CB Operation Time Measurement:
For CB operation time measurement, the system defines the start and end times based on specific events:
• CB ON Time Measurement: When a CB ON command is issued through the Bay Controller and Protection Unit (BCPU), it operates an auxiliary relay. One contact of the relay sends a close signal to the CB's closing coil, while another contact is fed back to the BCPU as CB ON Acknowledgement (ACK). The instant of CB ON ACK is considered the start time, and the instant when the CB status changes to ON is considered the end time. The difference between these two instants is the CB ON time.
• CB OFF Time Measurement: During SCADA operation, when a CB OFF command is issued through the BCPU, it operates an auxiliary relay. One contact of the relay sends a trip signal to the CB's tripping coil, while another contact is fed back to the BCPU as CB OFF ACK. The instant of CB OFF ACK is considered the start time, and the instant when the CB status changes to OFF is considered the end time. The difference between these two instants is the CB OFF time. During a power system fault, the time difference between the instant of Master Trip relay (86) operation and CB OFF is considered the CB OFF time.

Waveform Record Analysis:
The waveform records captured by the IEDs are analyzed to derive critical parameters such as CB operation times, fault clearance times, and RMS values of currents and voltages. The system uses the appearance or disappearance of voltage/current signals to specify the end instants of CB operations. For example, in FIG. 1, the initiation of a close command and the CB ON instant are marked by cursors C1 and C2, respectively. The time difference between these cursors (C2-C1) provides the CB closing time. Similarly, in FIG. 2, the initiation of an open command and the CB OFF instant are marked by cursors C1 and C2, respectively, with the time difference providing the CB opening time.

Residual Life Assessment (RLA):
The system provides a method for residual life assessment of circuit breakers by computing the parameter ∑I2t, which is the square of the RMS value of the interrupted current multiplied by the arcing time. This parameter is cumulated over the life-cycle of the CB and serves as an indicator of the CB's residual life. The arcing time is defined as the CB operation time for manual CB open or close operations and the fault clearance time for protection trips.

Remote Monitoring and Data Archiving:
The system facilitates remote monitoring of CB health by enabling centralized data collection and analysis from a remote location. The waveform records are automatically downloaded from the IEDs and archived at a remote server, allowing for efficient data management and analysis. This reduces the need for on-site personnel and enhances the efficiency of maintenance activities.

Advantages:
• Elimination of Shutdowns: The system eliminates the need for plant shutdowns during CB health monitoring, minimizing network outages and reducing revenue loss.
• Automated Data Collection and Analysis: The system automates the entire process of data collection and analysis, reducing the reliance on manual intervention and lowering operational and maintenance costs.
• Proactive Health Monitoring: The system enables proactive health monitoring by trending operation times and other critical parameters, detecting early developing defects, and reducing the chance of unexpected failures.
• Residual Life Assessment: The system provides comprehensive residual life assessment of circuit breakers, enabling long-term maintenance planning and enhancing the reliability of the power system.
• Remote Monitoring: The system facilitates remote monitoring of CB health, reducing the need for on-site personnel and optimizing resource utilization.

In summary, the present invention provides an advanced and automated system for real-time health monitoring and residual life assessment of circuit breakers. By leveraging the capabilities of IEDs and automated data analysis, the invention enhances the reliability, efficiency, and safety of electrical power systems while reducing operational and maintenance costs.

FIG. 1 illustrates a manual CB closing operation. The waveform record shows the initiation of the close command and the CB ON instant, marked by two cursors, C1 (102) and C2 (103), respectively. The time difference between these cursors (C2-C1) (104) provides the CB closing time. The waveform record includes the following components:
• Trigger (101): The point at which the waveform recording is initiated.
• U1 A V (105), U2 B V (106), U3 C V (107): The voltage waveforms for phases A, B, and C, respectively.
• OC START (108), EF START (109), U/F TRIP (110), U/F TRIP RELAY OPTD (111), OV TRIP (112), OV TRIP RELAY OPTD (113): Various protection relay operations and their corresponding statuses.
• Binary 4 ON (114), Binary 4 OFF (115): Binary signals indicating the status of the circuit breaker.
• LBB TRIP (116), LBB TRIP RELAY OPTD (117), EF TRIP (118), EF TRIP RELAY OPTD (119), U/O TRIP (120), U/O TRIP RELAY OPTD (121): Additional protection relay operations and their corresponding statuses.
• CB ON CMD (122), CB OFF CMD (123): Commands for closing and opening the circuit breaker.
• Binary 4 ON (124), Binary 4 OFF (125): Additional binary signals indicating the status of the circuit breaker.

FIG. 2 illustrates a manual CB opening operation. The waveform record shows the initiation of the open command and the CB OFF instant, marked by two cursors, C1 (201) and C2 (202), respectively. The time difference between these cursors (C2-C1) (204) provides the CB opening time. The waveform record includes the following components:
• Trigger (205): The point at which the waveform recording is initiated.
• U1 A V (206), U2 B V (207), U3 C V (208): The voltage waveforms for phases A, B, and C, respectively.
• OC START (209), EF START (210), UF TRF BLK/OTFD (211), OC TRIP (212), EF TRIP (213), UF TRF TRIP (214): Various protection relay operations and their corresponding statuses.
• 50N TRIP (215), 59N TRIP (216), Relay aux 86T (217), LBB TRIP (218), LBB TRF TRIP (219): Additional protection relay operations and their corresponding statuses.
• 86T OPTD (220), 86T RLY OPTD (221), 86T RLY TRIP (222), ULO TRF RELAY OPTD (223), ULO TRF RELAY TRIP (224): Further protection relay operations and their corresponding statuses.
• CB ON (225), CB OFF (226): Status indicators for the circuit breaker being ON or OFF.
• CB ON-CMD (227), CB OFF-CMD (228): Additional status indicators for the circuit breaker.
• Relay OPTD (229): Status of the relay operation.

FIG. 3 depicts a schematic diagram of the Bay Controller and Protection Unit (BCPU) interfacing with auxiliary relays for circuit breaker (CB) ON/OFF commands and feedback. The diagram includes the following components:
• CB ON Command from SCADA (301): The command signal from the SCADA system to close the circuit breaker.
• CB OFF Command from SCADA (302): The command signal from the SCADA system to open the circuit breaker.
• Tripping on Fault (303): The signal indicating a fault condition that triggers the opening of the circuit breaker.
• BCPU (304): The Bay Controller and Protection Unit, which processes the commands and signals.
• Auxiliary Relay (305): The relay that interfaces with the BCPU to send close signals to the CB's closing coil.
• To CB Close Coil (306): The connection from the auxiliary relay to the circuit breaker's closing coil.
• CB ON/OFF Command Feedback (307): The feedback signal indicating the status of the CB ON or OFF command.

In summary, the figures illustrate the process of capturing and analyzing waveform records during CB operations, the schematic of the BCPU interfacing with auxiliary relays, and the detailed components involved in the system. These figures provide a visual representation of the invention's functionality and the method for real-time health monitoring and diagnostics of circuit breakers.

In another non limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a method for real-time health monitoring and diagnostics of circuit breakers (CBs) using Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). The method leverages the oscillographic waveform recording capabilities of numerical relays to capture and analyze CB operation data. The following steps outline the method in detail:

Step 1: Triggering Waveform Records
During any CB operation, whether manual, SCADA-controlled, or fault-induced, the IEDs are configured to trigger the capture of oscillographic waveform records. The trigger point (101, 205) marks the initiation of the recording process.

Step 2: Capturing Waveform Data
The IEDs capture detailed waveform data for each phase (U1 A V 105, U2 B V 106, U3 C V 107 in FIG. 1; U1 A V 206, U2 B V 207, U3 C V 208 in FIG. 2). The waveform records include voltage and current signals, as well as binary signals indicating the status of various protection relays and CB commands.

Step 3: Measuring CB Operation Times
The method involves measuring the CB operation times by analyzing the waveform records:
• CB ON Time Measurement: As shown in FIG. 1, the initiation of the close command (CB ON CMD 122) and the CB ON instant are marked by cursors C1 (102) and C2 (103), respectively. The time difference between these cursors (C2-C1) (104) provides the CB closing time.
• CB OFF Time Measurement: As shown in FIG. 2, the initiation of the open command (CB OFF CMD 123) and the CB OFF instant are marked by cursors C1 (201) and C2 (202), respectively. The time difference between these cursors (C2-C1) (204) provides the CB opening time.

Step 4: Analyzing Waveform Records
The captured waveform records are analyzed to derive critical parameters such as CB operation times, fault clearance times, and RMS values of currents and voltages. The analysis includes identifying the appearance or disappearance of voltage/current signals to specify the end instants of CB operations.

Step 5: Residual Life Assessment (RLA)
The method provides a residual life assessment of circuit breakers by computing the parameter ∑I2t, which is the square of the RMS value of the interrupted current multiplied by the arcing time. This parameter is cumulated over the life-cycle of the CB and serves as an indicator of the CB's residual life.

Step 6: Remote Monitoring and Data Archiving
The waveform records are automatically downloaded from the IEDs and archived at a remote server. This enables centralized data collection and analysis from a remote location, reducing the need for on-site personnel and enhancing the efficiency of maintenance activities.

Step 7: Proactive Health Monitoring
The method enables proactive health monitoring by trending operation times and other critical parameters. This helps in detecting early developing defects and reducing the chance of unexpected failures. The system also records and analyzes statistics for different CB operation counts, including the number of CB open and close operations in service, the number of CB trip operations in service, and the number of CB open and close operations in test position.

FIG. 3: Schematic Diagram of BCPU Interfacing with Auxiliary Relays
FIG. 3 depicts a schematic diagram of the Bay Controller and Protection Unit (BCPU) interfacing with auxiliary relays for CB ON/OFF commands and feedback. The diagram includes the following components:
• CB ON Command from SCADA (301): The command signal from the SCADA system to close the circuit breaker.
• CB OFF Command from SCADA (302): The command signal from the SCADA system to open the circuit breaker.
• Tripping on Fault (303): The signal indicating a fault condition that triggers the opening of the circuit breaker.
• BCPU (304): The Bay Controller and Protection Unit, which processes the commands and signals.
• Auxiliary Relay (305): The relay that interfaces with the BCPU to send close signals to the CB's closing coil.
• To CB Close Coil (306): The connection from the auxiliary relay to the circuit breaker's closing coil.
• CB ON/OFF Command Feedback (307): The feedback signal indicating the status of the CB ON or OFF command.

In summary, the method described provides a comprehensive approach to real-time health monitoring and diagnostics of circuit breakers. By leveraging the capabilities of IEDs and automated data analysis, the method enhances the reliability, efficiency, and safety of electrical power systems while reducing operational and maintenance costs.

The present invention involves the implementation of a system and method for real-time health monitoring and diagnostics of circuit breakers (CBs) using Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). The device implementation includes several key components and their integration to achieve the desired functionality. Below is a detailed explanation of the device implementation in the context of the present invention disclosure:

1. Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs):
IEDs are microprocessor-based devices installed at various locations within the electrical power system. These devices are equipped with oscillographic waveform recording capabilities and are integrated into modern numerical relays. The IEDs continuously monitor electrical parameters such as voltage, current, and frequency, and capture waveform records during CB operations.

2. Bay Controller and Protection Unit (BCPU):
The BCPU is a critical IEDs that interfaces with the auxiliary relays to control and monitor CB operations. The BCPU processes commands from the SCADA system and sends signals to the auxiliary relays to initiate CB ON/OFF operations. It also receives feedback signals indicating the status of the CB commands.

3. Auxiliary Relays:
Auxiliary relays are used to interface between the BCPU and the CB's operating mechanisms. When a CB ON or OFF command is issued by the BCPU, the auxiliary relay sends the appropriate signal to the CB's closing or tripping coil. The auxiliary relay also provides feedback to the BCPU, indicating the instant of CB ON Acknowledgement (ACK) or CB OFF Acknowledgement (ACK).

4. SCADA System:
The SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system is used for remote monitoring and control of the electrical power system. It sends CB ON/OFF commands to the BCPU and receives status updates and diagnostic information from the IEDs and BCPU. The SCADA system provides a user interface for operators to monitor the health and performance of CBs in real-time. AI algorithms are employed to preprocess the waveform records captured by the IEDs. This involves filtering noise, normalizing data, and identifying key events such as the initiation and completion of CB ON/OFF commands. The preprocessing step ensures that the data is clean and ready for further analysis.

5. Remote Server and Data Archiving:
The remote server is used to store and archive the waveform records captured by the IEDs. The server is connected to the IEDs via a communication network, allowing for automatic downloading of waveform records. The archived data is mapped to the respective CBs based on station and feeder references, enabling efficient data management and analysis. AI techniques, such as machine learning and deep learning, are used to analyze the waveform records in real-time. These techniques can identify patterns and anomalies that may not be apparent through traditional analysis methods. For example, AI can detect subtle changes in the waveform that indicate early signs of wear or potential failure in the circuit breaker.

6. Automated Data Analysis Software:
The automated data analysis software is designed to process the waveform records and calculate critical parameters such as CB operation times, fault clearance times, and RMS values of currents and voltages. The software also computes the parameter ∑I2t for residual life assessment (RLA) of CBs. The analysis results are used for proactive health monitoring and diagnostics.

Device Implementation Process:
The device implementation process involves the following steps:
• Installation and Configuration: IEDs are installed at various locations within the electrical power system and configured to capture waveform records during CB operations. The BCPU interfaceds with the IEDs and auxiliary relays, and the SCADA system is set up for remote monitoring and control.
• Triggering and Capturing Waveform Records: During any CB operation (manual, SCADA-controlled, or fault-induced), the IEDs are triggered to capture oscillographic waveform records. The waveform records include voltage and current signals, as well as binary signals indicating the status of protection relays and CB commands.
• Data Transmission and Archiving: The captured waveform records are automatically transmitted to the remote server via the communication network. The records are archived and mapped to the respective CBs based on station and feeder references.
• Automated Data Analysis: The automated data analysis software processes the waveform records to calculate critical parameters such as CB operation times, fault clearance times, and RMS values of currents and voltages. The software also computes the parameter ∑I2t for residual life assessment (RLA) of CBs.
• Proactive Health Monitoring: The analysis results are used for proactive health monitoring and diagnostics. The system trends operation times and other critical parameters to detect early developing defects and reduce the chance of unexpected failures. The SCADA system provides real-time updates and alerts to operators, enabling timely intervention and maintenance.

In summary, the device implementation of the system and method involves the integration of BCPU(IED), auxiliary relays, SCADA system, remote server, and automated data analysis software. This comprehensive approach enables real-time health monitoring and diagnostics of circuit breakers, enhancing the reliability, efficiency, and safety of electrical power systems while reducing operational and maintenance costs.

Advantages :
The present invention offers several significant advantages in the context of real-time health monitoring and diagnostics of circuit breakers (CBs) using Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). These advantages are highlighted below:

1. Elimination of Shutdowns:
The system eliminates the need for plant shutdowns during CB health monitoring. By capturing waveform records during normal CB operations, the invention minimizes network outages and reduces revenue loss. This is particularly beneficial for Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) CBs, where shutdowns are more complex and costly.

2. Real-Time Monitoring:
The invention enables real-time monitoring of CB health by leveraging the oscillographic waveform recording capabilities of IEDs. This allows for continuous assessment of CB performance and early detection of developing defects, enhancing the reliability and safety of the electrical power system.

3. Automated Data Collection and Analysis:
The system automates the process of data collection and analysis, reducing the reliance on manual intervention. Waveform records are automatically triggered, downloaded, and analyzed to derive critical parameters such as CB operation times, fault clearance times, and RMS values of currents and voltages. This automation improves efficiency and accuracy in diagnostics.

4. Residual Life Assessment (RLA):
The invention provides a method for residual life assessment of circuit breakers by computing the parameter ∑I2t (square of the RMS value of the interrupted current multiplied by the arcing time). This parameter is cumulated over the life-cycle of the CB and serves as an indicator of the CB's residual life. This proactive approach helps in planning maintenance and replacement activities, reducing the risk of unexpected failures.

5. Reduction of Operational and Maintenance Costs:
The system reduces operational and maintenance costs associated with CB health monitoring. By eliminating the need for specialized testing equipment and minimizing workforce involvement at the site, the invention optimizes resource utilization and lowers overall costs.

6. Remote Monitoring:
The invention facilitates remote monitoring of CB health by enabling centralized data collection and analysis from a remote location. This reduces the need for on-site personnel and enhances the efficiency of maintenance activities. The remote server archives waveform records and provides easy access to historical data for analysis and decision-making.

7. Comprehensive Diagnostics:
The system provides comprehensive diagnostics by recording and analyzing statistics (Table 1) for different CB operation counts, including the number of CB open and close operations in service, the number of CB trip operations in service, and the number of CB open and close operations in test position. This detailed information helps in understanding the operational history and performance of CBs.

Table 1

Table 1 provides a comprehensive summary of various statistics related to circuit breaker (CB) operations. These statistics are crucial for monitoring the health and performance of CBs over their lifecycle. The table includes the following key metrics:
• Number of CB Open Operations in Service: This metric records the total number of times the circuit breaker has been opened while in service. It helps in understanding the frequency of CB operations under normal service conditions.
• Number of CB Close Operations in Service: This metric records the total number of times the circuit breaker has been closed while in service. It provides insights into the operational demands placed on the CB during normal service conditions.
• Number of CB Trip Operations in Service: This metric records the total number of times the circuit breaker has tripped due to fault conditions while in service. It is a critical indicator of the CB's protective actions and its response to fault events.
• Number of CB Open Operations in Test Position: This metric records the total number of times the circuit breaker has been opened while in a test position. It helps in tracking the frequency of testing and maintenance activities performed on the CB.
• Number of CB Close Operations in Test Position: This metric records the total number of times the circuit breaker has been closed while in a test position. It provides information on the testing and maintenance activities related to closing operations.

These statistics are recorded and analyzed to provide a detailed understanding of the CB's operational history and performance. By tracking these metrics, the system can identify trends and patterns that may indicate potential issues or the need for maintenance. Additionally, the data helps in assessing the overall health and residual life of the circuit breaker, enabling proactive maintenance and reducing the risk of unexpected failures.

8. Enhanced Customer Satisfaction:
By minimizing network outages and reducing revenue loss, the invention contributes to enhanced customer satisfaction. The proactive health monitoring and diagnostics ensure the availability and reliability of the electrical power system, leading to improved service quality for customers.

9. Flexibility and Adaptability:
The system is designed to be flexible and adaptable to different configurations and operational conditions. It can be customized to meet the specific needs and requirements of various users and applications, making it a versatile solution for CB health monitoring.

In summary, the present invention offers significant advantages in real-time health monitoring and diagnostics of circuit breakers. By leveraging the capabilities of IEDs and automated data analysis, the invention enhances the reliability, efficiency, and safety of electrical power systems while reducing operational and maintenance costs. The system's ability to eliminate shutdowns, provide proactive diagnostics, and facilitate remote monitoring makes it a valuable advancement in the field of CB health monitoring.

The information contained herein is intended to provide a comprehensive understanding of the invention and its potential applications. However, it is important to note the following considerations and limitations:

1. Scope of Application:
While the present invention is described in the context of real-time health monitoring and diagnostics of circuit breakers, the principles and methods disclosed herein may be applicable to other electrical and electronic devices and systems. The invention is not limited to circuit breakers and may be adapted for use in monitoring and diagnosing other components such as transformers, switches, relays, and other protective devices within electrical power systems.

2. Technological Variations:
The system and method described in this disclosure are based on current technological capabilities and industry standards. However, the invention is not limited to the specific technologies, devices, or protocols mentioned herein. Future advancements in technology, including new types of IEDs, communication protocols, data analysis algorithms, and integration methods, may be incorporated into the system and method without departing from the scope of the invention.

3. Customization and Adaptation:
The system and method described in this disclosure are intended to be flexible and customizable to meet the specific needs and requirements of different users and applications. The invention may be adapted and modified to accommodate various configurations, operational conditions, and performance criteria. Users are encouraged to explore and implement customized solutions that leverage the core principles of the invention while addressing their unique challenges and objectives.

4. Integration with Other Systems:
The present invention may be integrated with other systems and technologies to enhance its functionality and effectiveness. This includes, but is not limited to, integration with advanced data analytics platforms, machine learning algorithms, predictive maintenance systems, and Internet of Things (IoT) frameworks. Such integrations may provide additional insights, automation capabilities, and operational efficiencies, further broadening the scope and applicability of the invention.

5. Regulatory and Industry Standards:
The system and method described in this disclosure are designed to comply with current regulatory and industry standards. However, the invention is not limited to these standards and may be adapted to meet future regulatory requirements and industry best practices. Users are responsible for ensuring compliance with all applicable standards and regulations in their specific jurisdictions and industries.

6. Future Developments:
The field of real-time health monitoring and diagnostics of electrical devices is rapidly evolving. The present invention is intended to be forward-looking and adaptable to future developments and innovations. Users are encouraged to stay informed about emerging technologies, industry trends, and best practices to continuously improve and enhance the implementation of the system and method described herein.

In summary, the present invention disclosure provides a comprehensive system and method for real-time health monitoring and diagnostics of circuit breakers. However, the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific details and examples provided. The principles and methods disclosed herein may be broadly applied, customized, and integrated with other technologies to address a wide range of applications and challenges in the field of electrical power systems and beyond. Users are encouraged to explore the full potential of the invention while considering the limitations and disclaimers outlined above.
, Claims:
1. A system for real-time health monitoring of circuit breakers (CBs) using Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs), comprising:
i) an oscillographic waveform recording feature in the IEDs, triggered via digital input to capture records during any CB open and close operations;
ii) a Bay Controller and Protection Unit (BCPU) configured to send CB ON and OFF commands and receive CB ON and OFF acknowledgments (ACK);
iii) a remote server for automatically downloading and archiving waveform records from the IEDs, mapped to respective CBs with station and feeder references;
iv) a software module configured to fetch data from the IEDs automatically upon CB operation, calculate CB operation time, and store the data;
wherein the CB operation time is derived from the time difference between the CB ON/OFF command and the corresponding CB ON/OFF acknowledgment.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the waveform records are used to compute the Fault Clearance Time for a given phase during any protection trip event, from the instant of fault current inception to the final CB opening when the current has decreased to zero.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the RMS values of currents and voltages during the CB operation time are measured and recorded.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the parameter ∑I2t, defined as the square of the RMS value of the interrupted current multiplied by the arcing time, is computed from the records for each phase and cumulated after every CB operation over the life-cycle of the CB.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the statistics for different CB operation counts, including the number of CB open and close operations in service, the number of CB trip operations in service, and the number of CB open and close operations in test position, are recorded and stored.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the BCPU is configured to operate an auxiliary relay to send close and trip signals to the CB, and the auxiliary relay provides feedback to the BCPU as CB ON and OFF acknowledgments.

7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the waveform records are captured during manual, SCADA, or fault tripping operations of the CB.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the software module is configured to calculate the CB operation time by placing cursors at the initiation and completion instants of CB ON and OFF commands in the waveform records.

9. The system according to claim 1, wherein the remote server is accessible from a centralized location, allowing for remote monitoring and data collection.

10. The system according to claim 1, wherein the arcing time is defined as the CB operation time for manual CB open or close operations and the fault clearance time for protection trip events.

11. The system according to claim 1, wherein the real-time health monitoring of CBs is performed without requiring a plant shutdown.

12. The system according to claim 1, wherein the residual life assessment of the CB is performed without physical testing, based on the computed parameter ∑I2t.

13. A method for real-time health monitoring of circuit breakers (CBs) using Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs), comprising the steps of:
i) triggering an oscillographic waveform recording feature in the IEDs via digital input to capture records during any CB open and close operations;
ii) sending CB ON and OFF commands through a Bay Controller and Protection Unit (BCPU) and receiving CB ON and OFF acknowledgments (ACK);
iii) automatically downloading and archiving waveform records from the IEDs to a remote server, mapped to respective CBs with station and feeder references;
iv) fetching data from the IEDs automatically upon CB operation using a software module;
v) calculating CB operation time by determining the time difference between the CB ON/OFF command and the corresponding CB ON/OFF acknowledgment; and
vi) storing the calculated CB operation time data.

14. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of computing the Fault Clearance Time for a given phase during any protection trip event, from the instant of fault current inception to the final CB opening when the current has decreased to zero.

15. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of measuring and recording the RMS values of currents and voltages during the CB operation time.

16. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of computing the parameter ∑I2t, defined as the square of the RMS value of the interrupted current multiplied by the arcing time, from the records for each phase and cumulating the parameter after every CB operation over the life-cycle of the CB.

17. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of recording and storing statistics for different CB operation counts, including the number of CB open and close operations in service, the number of CB trip operations in service, and the number of CB open and close operations in test position.

18. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of sending CB ON and OFF commands through the BCPU includes operating an auxiliary relay to send close and trip signals to the CB, and the auxiliary relay provides feedback to the BCPU as CB ON and OFF acknowledgments.

19. The method according to claim 1, wherein the waveform records are captured during manual, SCADA, or fault tripping operations of the CB.

20. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of calculating CB operation time includes placing cursors at the initiation and completion instants of CB ON and OFF commands in the waveform records.

21. The method according to claim 1, wherein the remote server is accessible from a centralized location, allowing for remote monitoring and data collection.

22. The method according to claim 1, wherein the arcing time is defined as the CB operation time for manual CB open or close operations and the fault clearance time for protection trip events.

23. The method according to claim 1, wherein the real-time health monitoring of CBs is performed without requiring a plant shutdown.

24. The method according to claim 1, wherein the residual life assessment of the CB is performed without physical testing, based on the computed parameter ∑I2t.