Title of invention: refining apparatus and method
Technical field
[One]
The present invention relates to a refining apparatus and method, and more particularly, to a refining apparatus and method capable of appropriately adjusting a gas flow rate based on accurately calculating the size of a bean during an LF refining process.
Background
[2]
The molten steel produced in the converter refining process is transferred to the Ladle Furnace (LF) refining process for component adjustment, temperature control, and removal of inclusions. Thereafter, in the LF refining process, ferroalloy or carbonaceous material is added to the molten steel to adjust the molten steel component, and the temperature is controlled by generating an arc or performing strong bubbling. This process is carried out in the early and mid stage of the process.
[3]
At the end of the LF refining process, weak bubbling (also referred to as'clean bubbling') is performed on the molten steel to float and separate the inclusions mixed in the molten steel. As for the flow range of argon gas used for weak bubbling, appropriate standards exist according to the steel type of molten steel and the structural characteristics of the LF refining facility, and the flow rate of argon gas is precisely controlled within the appropriate standard according to the operator's subjective judgment do.
[4]
The gas injected into the molten steel escapes from the molten steel through the molten steel surface. At this time, some of the slag covering the hot water surface may be opened by gas. As the slag spreads, the hot water surface of the molten steel is exposed to the outside air at the corresponding part, and this part is called the hot water.
[5]
When gas is bubbled through the molten steel, it is inevitable to generate a certain amount of hot water in order to stir the entire molten steel evenly.
[6]
On the other hand, when the refractory plug that injects argon gas into the molten steel is damaged and a crack occurs in the refractory plug, argon gas leaks from the crack, and the leaked argon gas is concentrated in a predetermined area of ​​the hot water surface, so that the size of the hot water in the predetermined area is more than necessary. Can be raised with. In other words, due to the leakage of argon gas, the hot water may become larger than necessary. At this time, a large amount of outdoor air flows into the molten steel through the hot water. A large amount of outside air introduced into the molten steel causes the formation of foreign inclusions.
[7]
In addition, when the refractory plug is clogged, the flow rate of argon gas injected into the molten steel may be lower than necessary, and the raw metal may be smaller than an appropriate size. In this case, there is a problem in that the inclusions are not floated and separated.
[8]
Therefore, in order to maximize the floatation separation action of the inclusions and minimize the inflow of outside air, it is necessary to maintain the appropriate size of the slag in consideration of the state of slag. For this, it is necessary to control the argon gas flow rate in consideration of the state of the refractory plug.
[9]
The technology that serves as the background of the present invention is published in the following patent documents.
[10]
(Patent Document 1) KR10-1779150 B1
[11]
(Patent Document 2) KR10-2015-0050822 A
Detailed description of the invention
Technical challenge
[12]
The present invention provides a refining apparatus and method capable of appropriately adjusting a gas flow rate based on the accurate calculation of the size of a molten noodle during an LF refining process.
Means of solving the task
[13]
A refining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a container portion having an upper portion open and a space formed therein for refining a melt; A nozzle part formed to inject gas and installed in the container part; A camera unit installed on the upper side of the container unit and photographing the hot water surface of the molten material; And a controller that calculates the size of the hot water in the hot water using the image of the hot water obtained from the camera unit, installation information of the camera unit, and performance information of the camera unit.
[14]
A cover part mounted to cover the open upper part of the container part may be further included, and a through hole may be formed at one side of the cover part, and one camera part may be located above the through hole.
[15]
And an electrode rod mounted to pass through the cover portion, wherein the electrode rod is positioned at a center portion of the cover portion, and the through hole is positioned at an edge portion. The camera unit may be installed to be inclined.
[16]
Gate portions disposed between the through hole and the camera portion, and are stacked with each other, and each of which may be horizontally moved, wherein one of the gate portions has an opening smaller than the through hole, and the camera portion It may be positioned above the opening and fixed to an upper portion of the gate portion in which the opening is formed.
[17]
The camera unit may include a camera that photographs the tang-myeon to generate a tang-myeon image; A housing accommodating the camera; A purge passage for injecting a purge gas between the housing and the camera; And a cooling passage for circulating the refrigerant in the housing.
[18]
The hot water image is a single view hot water image, the installation information includes an installation height and an installation angle of the camera unit, and the performance information may include a view angle and a resolution of the camera unit.
[19]
The control unit may include a guide unit for deriving the installation height with respect to the hot water surface; A first calculator for calculating a pixel size of the photographing area of ​​the camera using the installation height, the installation angle, the angle of view, and the resolution; An analyzer that analyzes the number of pixels in the natural region included in the tang-myeon image; And a second calculator that calculates the size of the nuts using the number of pixels and the size of the pixels.
[20]
The control unit may further include a flow rate controller that adjusts the flow rate of the gas supplied to the nozzle unit according to the size of the nut.
[21]
A refining method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the process of providing a container part containing a melt; Blowing gas into the melt and bubbling; Generating a hot water image by photographing the hot water surface of the molten material with a camera; And calculating the size of the hot water in the hot water using the image of the hot water, the installation information of the camera, and the performance information of the camera.
[22]
The installation information includes an installation height and an installation angle of the camera, the performance information includes an angle of view and resolution of the camera, and the process of generating the hot water image includes: It may be a process of generating an image of a single point of tang-myeon.
[23]
The process of generating the hot water image may include a process of generating the hot water image by tilting the camera with respect to an up-down direction so that the camera photographs the hot water surface in an inclined state.
[24]
Circulating a refrigerant inside a housing in which the camera is accommodated during the process of generating the hot water image; It may further include a process of injecting a purge gas between the housing and the camera.
[25]
The process of calculating the size of the natang may include deriving the installation height of the ntang surface; Calculating a pixel size of the photographing area of ​​the camera using the installation height, the installation angle, the field of view, and the resolution; Analyzing the number of pixels in the natural region included in the tang-myeon image; And calculating the size of the net using the number of pixels and the size of the pixels.
[26]
The process of deriving the installation height may include obtaining a first height from the camera to the upper end of the container using the installation location of the camera; Calculating a second height from the upper end of the container to the hot water surface by using the amount of melt in the container part; And calculating the installation height by adding the first height and the second height.
[27]
In the process of obtaining the second height, a proportional relationship between the amount of molten material and the height of the metal surface is established by using known information on the amount of molten material and the height of the metal surface, and the height of the metal surface with respect to the amount of molten material in the container part is determined by using the proportional relationship. It may include a process of estimating and obtaining the second height.
[28]
The process of calculating the pixel size may include obtaining a first length in an inclined direction of the photographing area using the installation height, the installation angle, and the field of view; Obtaining a second length of the photographing area in a non-inclined direction using the installation height and the angle of view; Obtaining a size of the photographing area using the first length and the second length; And obtaining the pixel size using the size of the photographing area and the resolution.
[29]
The process of analyzing the number of pixels may include the process of binarizing the hot surface image into a bright portion and a dark portion, and drawing a closed curve at a boundary between the bright portion and the dark portion; And counting the number of pixels in the closed curve.
[30]
If the number of closed curves is plural, a refining method for selecting the largest value by counting the number of pixels for each closed curve.
[31]
The process of calculating the size of the net may include calculating the size of the net by multiplying the number of pixels and the size of the pixels; Converting the natang shape into a circular shape having the same size as the natang size; It may include; a process of obtaining the diameter of the net shape converted to the circular shape to obtain the converted size of the net.
[32]
After the process of calculating the size of the beans, the process of adjusting the flow rate of the gas using the size of the beans may further include.
Effects of the Invention
[33]
According to an embodiment of the present invention, by using one single point of view image (also referred to as'one channel single point of view image') acquired from one camera, installation information of the camera, and the angle of view and resolution of the camera, L During the f refining process, the size of the bean can be accurately calculated.
[34]
That is, by using the installation information of the camera, the angle of view, and the resolution to calculate the size of the natang, the natang size can be accurately calculated with only one single point of view image obtained from one camera. Therefore, since it is not necessary to use multiple cameras for calculating the size of the net, the number of cameras for calculating the size of the net can be reduced to one. Accordingly, it is possible to simplify the device structure, reduce the corresponding cost, and minimize the possibility of damage to the camera due to a poor process environment such as splash of molten steel.
[35]
In addition, it is possible to appropriately adjust the flow rate of argon gas injected into the molten steel based on the size of the raw metal calculated as an accurate value. Therefore, while performing clean bubbling of molten steel, the size of the raw metal can be controlled to an optimum size, and thus, the efficiency of the refining process can be improved.
Brief description of the drawing
[36]
1 is a first operation diagram of a refining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[37]
2 is a second operation diagram of a refining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[38]
3 is a third operation diagram of the refining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[39]
4 is a partially enlarged view of a refining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[40]
5 is a diagram for describing a method of calculating a pixel size of a photographing area according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[41]
6 is a diagram for explaining a process of analyzing the number of pixels in a green area from a hot surface image according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Mode for carrying out the invention
[42]
Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, and will be implemented in various different forms. Only the embodiments of the present invention are provided to complete the disclosure of the present invention and to fully inform the scope of the invention to those of ordinary skill in the relevant field. In order to describe an embodiment of the present invention, the drawings may be exaggerated, and the same reference numerals in the drawings refer to the same elements.
[43]
1, 2, and 3 are first, second and third operation diagrams of a refining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, respectively. And Figure 4 is a partial enlarged view of the refining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[44]
Hereinafter, a refining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. Hereinafter, an LF refining device is illustrated as a refining device. Of course, the refining apparatus can be applied to various processing apparatuses that perform processing of various processed materials.
[45]
1 to 3, in the refining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, the upper part is opened and the container part 10 and the gas g in which a space for refining the molten material M is formed. The nozzle part 11 installed in the container part 10 and installed on the container part 10 is formed so as to be blown in, and the camera part 70 photographs the hot water surface of the melt M, and the camera 70 It includes a control unit (not shown) that calculates the size of the hot water in the hot water using the image of the hot water obtained from the) unit, installation information of the camera unit 70 and performance information of the camera unit 70.
[46]
In addition, the refining device according to an embodiment of the present invention is mounted to cover the open upper portion of the container portion 10, a through hole 22 is formed on one side, and a cover portion in which the inlet 21 is formed on the other side. (20), the electrode rod 30 mounted to pass through the cover part 20, and the gate parts that are mounted on the cover part 20 to cover the through hole 22, are mutually stacked, and can be moved horizontally ( 62, 63), an input unit 40 installed on the upper side of the input port 21, an opening/closing unit 61 disposed between the input port 21 and the input unit 40, and horizontally movable, and a through hole 22 It may further include a sampling unit 50 disposed on the upper side of the.
[47]
In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the camera unit 70 is positioned above the through hole 22, and the gate units 62 and 63 are disposed between the camera unit 70 and the through hole 22, The sampling unit 50 may be located above the camera unit 70. The electrode 30 may be located in the center of the cover part 20. In addition, in order to avoid interference with the electrode 40, the input unit 40, the sampling unit 50, and the camera unit 70 may be spaced apart from the electrode 30 and positioned at the edges of the cover unit 20 have. The control unit may adjust the flow rate of the gas g supplied to the nozzle unit 11 by using the calculated size of the beans.
[48]
The container 10 may include a ladle. The ladle may have a bottom plate and a side wall. The bottom plate extends in a horizontal direction and may have a predetermined area. The bottom plate may have a disk shape, for example. The sidewall may extend along the circumference of the bottom plate and protrude upwardly at a predetermined height. The sidewall can be, for example, a hollow cylindrical shape.
[49]
The top of the container 10 is opened, and a space for refining the melt M may be defined by a bottom plate and a side wall. The melt (M) may include molten steel produced in a converter refining process. Of course, the melt (M) may be various other than molten steel. The melt (M) may be accommodated in the container portion (10).
[50]
The nozzle unit 11 may include a porous refractory plug (also referred to as a “porous plug”). The nozzle unit 11 may blow gas (g) into the melt (M). The number of nozzle units 11 may be one or a plurality. The nozzle part 11 may be installed to penetrate the bottom plate of the container part 10.
[51]
The nozzle unit 11 may be connected to a gas pipe, and the gas pipe may be connected to a gas supply source (not shown). In order to control the flow rate of the gas g flowing through the gas pipe, a control valve (not shown) may be mounted on the gas pipe. The opening degree of the control valve may be controlled by the above-described control unit (not shown).
[52]
The nozzle unit 11 may relatively strongly blow gas (g), such as argon (Ar) gas into the melt (M) and bubble. Due to the strong bubbling of the gas (g), the melt (M) may be evenly stirred, and the temperature of the melt (M) may be lowered. In addition, the nozzle unit 11 may relatively weakly blow the gas g into the melt M to bubble. Inclusions in the melt (M) may be floated and separated by weak bubbling of the gas (g).
[53]
A layer of slag (S) exists on the hot water surface of the melt (M). At this time, while the gas g is bubbling, the slag S is opened by the gas g that exits the hot water surface, so that the hot water surface of the molten material M may be exposed upward. That is, during the bubbling of the gas g, the hot water N may be formed on the hot water surface of the melt M.
[54]
On the other hand, in order to smoothly stir the melt (M) as a whole, it is inevitable to generate the hot water (N). If the injection amount of the gas g is reduced to such an extent that the hot water N is not generated, a stagnant region of the melt M is generated inside the container 10.
[55]
When the nozzle part 11 operates normally, the size of the hot water (N) unavoidably generated on the surface of the hot water by a predetermined amount of gas (g) blown into the melt (M) for sufficient agitation of the melt (M) It is called. If the size of the natang (N) is larger than the reference size, foreign inclusions caused by the outside air introduced through the natang (N) increase, and the inclusions in the melt (M) may rather increase. If the size of the hot water (N) is smaller than the reference size, the agitation of the melt (M) is weakened, and the floating separation of the inclusions is slowed. The reference size may be different depending on the type of the melt (M), for example, the type of steel, the volume of the container portion 10, the porosity of the nozzle portion 11, and the like.
[56]
The reference size can be determined theoretically based on the physical properties of the melt (M), gas (g) and slag (S), or can be determined experimentally through a scale model experiment of the LF refining process. Alternatively, the reference size can be empirically derived from a result of collecting information on the size of the raw metal obtained from the previous LF refining processes and the molten steel sampling performance.
[57]
Of course, there may be various ways of determining the reference size. The reference size may be input in advance to the control unit. The reference size may also be referred to as a normal size.
[58]
Gas (g) may be various other than argon gas. For example, the gas g may include various inert gases for bubbling. Alternatively, the gas (g) may include various gases for refining the melt (M). While the gas (g) is bubbled, the molten material (M) and the slag (S) are scattered, but at this time, the outflow of the molten material (M) and the slag (S) may be blocked by the cover unit 20.
[59]
The cover part 20 may be installed on the upper side of the container part 10. The cover part 20 may be supported by a crane (not shown), or may be supported by other various lifting means (not shown). The height of the cover part 20 may be adjusted in the vertical direction by a crane or various elevating means. At this time, various lifting means may be various, such as a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder.
[60]
The lower part of the cover part 20 may be open. The cover part 20 may have an area capable of covering the open upper part of the container part 10. The cover part 20 may be mounted to cover the open upper part of the container part 10. The cover part 20 may include a cooling passage (not shown). The cooling passage may circulate a refrigerant (coolant) therein. That is, the cover part 20 may be a water cooling cover part. The cooling flow path may be embedded in the cover part 20 or may be connected to the cover part 20. The cover part 20 may have a truncated cone shape with an open lower part. Of course, in addition to this, the cover portion 20 may have various shapes. The cover part 20 may have a through hole 22 and an inlet 21 positioned at an edge portion.
[61]
The inlet 21 and the through hole 22 are respectively formed on both sides of the edge portion of the cover part 20 and may be spaced apart from each other in the horizontal direction. In this case, the through hole 22 may be formed to penetrate one side of the edge portion of the cover part 20 in the vertical direction. In addition, the inlet 21 may be formed to penetrate the other side of the edge portion of the cover portion 20 in the vertical direction.
[62]
Meanwhile, in the cover part 20, insertion holes for inserting the electrode 30 may be formed in the center. The electrode rod 30 may be mounted so as to penetrate each of the insertion holes in the center of the cover part 20 in the vertical direction. At least a lower portion of the electrode rod 30 may be positioned under the cover part 20. The electrode 30 may be supported by, for example, a crane (not shown) or various lifting means (not shown). The height of the electrode rod 30 may be adjusted by a crane or various elevating means. The electrode 30 may be spaced apart from the melt (M) and the slag (S) when rising, and may be immersed in the slag (S) or the melt (M) when falling. The number of electrode rods 30 may be plural, for example, three.
[63]
The electrode 30 may be connected to a power supply (not shown), and may receive, for example, a three-phase current. The electrode 30 may generate an arc. At this time, the melt (M) may be heated by the arc heat. While the melt M is heated, a splash (s') may occur between the container part 10 and the cover part 20. In this case, the splash s'may be minimized or prevented from leaking to the outside by the cover part 20. In addition, the high-temperature arc heat may also be blocked from external radiation by the cover part 20.
[64]
The input unit 40 may adjust the components of the molten material (M) by injecting ferroalloy or carbonaceous material into the molten material (M). The inlet portion 40 is disposed above the inlet port 21 so as to be able to move in the vertical direction. The input unit 40 may include a hopper 41 in which an input material such as ferroalloy or carbon material is accommodated and an input pipe 42 mounted on the hopper 41. The inlet pipe 42 may be formed in a diameter that can be inserted into the inlet 21. The inlet pipe 42 may have one end mounted on the lower portion of the hopper 41 and the other end extending in the vertical direction toward the inlet port 21. When the input (C) is added to the melt (M), the components of the melt (M) can be adjusted.
[65]
The opening/closing part 61 may be installed on the cover part 20 to open and close the inlet 21. The opening/closing part 61 may be connected to a actuator (not shown) such as a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, or a linear motor. The opening/closing part 61 can be moved in a horizontal direction by a driver. By this movement, the inlet 21 may be opened or closed.
[66]
The sampling unit 50 may be provided on the upper side of the through hole 22 so as to be movable in the vertical direction. The sampling unit 50 may pass through the through hole 22 when descending and be immersed in the melt M, and a part of the melt M may be collected. The sampling unit 50 may include a probe capable of collecting the melt (M). The components of the melt M can be analyzed from the sample of the melt M collected by the sampling unit 50. The sampling unit 50 may further include a temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of the melt M. The temperature measuring device may be provided at a predetermined position of the probe. The sampling unit 50 may be supported by a driver (not shown) such as a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, or a linear motor. The sampling unit 50 may be spaced high above the camera unit 70 when ascending to avoid a collision with the camera unit 70.
[67]
The gate portions 62 and 63 may include a lower gate portion 62 and an upper gate portion 73. In this case, the lower gate part 62 may be installed on one side of the cover part 20 to cover the through hole 22. Also, the upper gate part 63 may be installed above the lower gate part 63. The lower gate part 62 and the upper gate part 63 are connected to a driver (not shown) and can move together, and can also move individually.
[68]
When the sampling part 50 descends, both the lower gate part 62 and the upper gate part 63 move in a horizontal direction to control the opening and closing of the through hole 22. In addition, when the camera unit 70 is operated, only the lower gate unit 62 moves to the outside of the through hole 22, and the camera unit 70 is moved through the opening 64 formed in the upper gate unit 63. You can face the melt (M). In this case, the inner diameter of the opening 64 may be smaller than the inner diameter of the through hole 22.
[69]
[70]
Hereinafter, the reason why the camera unit 70 and the control unit are required for the refining device will be described first.
[71]
During bubbling by blowing gas g into the melt M using the nozzle part 11, cracks may occur in the nozzle part 11 or the nozzle part 11 may be clogged. Accordingly, too much or too little of the gas g may be blown into the melt M.
[72]
Here, too much of the gas (g) is blown into the melt (M) means that, for example, the flow rate of the gas (g) blown into the entire area of ​​the melt (M) is too large, or the predetermined amount of the melt (M) adjacent to the crack. It means that gas (g) is biased and blown into the region.
[73]
When the gas g is blown too much (excessively) into the melt M, the hot water N increases significantly. Accordingly, a large amount of outside air is introduced into the melt M through the hot water N to generate inclusions, so that the total amount of inclusions may increase, or the rate at which the inclusions are removed from the melt M may be reduced.
[74]
When the gas g is blown too little (too much) into the melt M, the melt M is stirred weakly than desired, and the inclusions are not sufficiently floated and separated. On the other hand, when too little gas (g) is blown into the melt (M), the size of the hot water (N) becomes smaller than the reference size.
[75]
Therefore, while the gas (g) is blown into the melt (M), while reducing the occurrence of inclusions, for uniform agitation of the melt (M), it is necessary to check whether the size of the raw metal (N) maintains the reference size. In addition, when the size of the raw metal N is out of the reference size, it is necessary to adjust the flow rate of the gas g supplied to the nozzle unit 11 so that the size of the raw metal N becomes the standard size.
[76]
On the other hand, by tracking the change in the size of the raw metal (N), it is possible to know whether the amount of the gas (g) actually blown into the melt (M) is appropriate.
[77]
In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, an image of the molten material M may be obtained by using the camera unit 70. In addition, it is possible to accurately calculate the size of the bean soup using a control unit (not shown), the flow rate of the gas g can be adjusted, and the size of the bean soup can be maintained at an appropriate size.
[78]
Hereinafter, the reason why the camera unit 70 is provided in the refining apparatus with a structure according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. In addition, the camera unit 70 and the control unit (not shown) will be described.
[79]
For example, in order to accurately calculate the size of the hot water from the hot water image of the molten material M, the camera unit 70 is placed at a position vertically overlooking the center of the hot water surface as possible, and the hot water image is photographed using the camera unit 70. , It is possible to calculate the size of the natang by analyzing the captured noodle soup.
[80]
However, for a refining process of the molten material M, such as an LF refining process, the electrode 30 must be placed in the center of the hot water surface. Therefore, it is very difficult to take a picture of the tang-myeon using the camera unit 70 at a position vertically overlooking the center of the tang-myeon (directly above the center of the tang-myeon).
[81]
Alternatively, in order to accurately calculate the size of the noodle soup from the noodle image of the molten material (M), a number of ntang noodle images are taken at different viewpoints at multiple locations overlooking the edge of the noodle, and the size of the ntang noodle is taken with the multiple shot noodle images. Can also be calculated.
[82]
However, the electrode 30, the opening/closing part 61, and the gate parts 62 and 63 are respectively installed in the cover part 20, and the input part 40 and the sampling part 50 are respectively installed on the upper side of the cover part 20. ) Is installed. That is, considering preventing interference between the electrode 30, the opening/closing part 61, and the gate parts 62 and 63, and the camera part 70, the installation position of the camera part 70 is limited. As described above, it is difficult to provide a free space for installation of the camera unit 70 in the cover unit 20 due to the structural characteristics of the cover unit 20. Therefore, it is difficult to install a plurality of camera units 70 on the cover unit 20. From this, it is very difficult to photograph the tang-myeon at different viewpoints from a plurality of positions overlooking the edge of the tang-myeon.
[83]
In addition, when a large number of camera units 70 are installed on the cover unit 20, the frequency of damage to the camera unit 70 increases by the number of splashes s'and various scattering products. Therefore, if a plurality of camera units 70 are installed on the cover unit 20, the burden on maintenance is greatly increased. In addition, in such a poor environment, in order to reduce damage to the camera unit 70, the shape of the camera unit 70 is better the closer to the shape of a thin pin or round bar, and the smaller the diameter or size is.
[84]
Accordingly, in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, one camera unit 70 may be installed at an inclined upper portion of the upper gate unit 63 to facilitate installation and maintenance of the camera unit 70. In addition, in order to minimize exposure of the camera unit 70 to the melt M, the shape of the camera unit 70 may be a round bar shape.
[85]
[86]
Hereinafter, a camera unit 70 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.
[87]
The camera unit 70 may be installed on the upper side of the container unit 10. In this case, one camera unit 70 may be positioned above the through hole 22. In this case, the camera unit 70 may be installed to be inclined so that the central axis L2, which will be described later, is inclined at a predetermined angle θ from the vertical axis L1. That is, the camera unit 70 is installed diagonally with respect to the bath surface, and may be located above the edge portion of the bath surface, not above the central portion of the bath surface. The camera unit 70 may have a pin shape. The camera unit 70 may photograph the hot water surface of the molten material M and generate an image of the hot water surface.
[88]
The camera unit 70 may be installed to be inclined in the first direction (1), for example in the x-axis direction, and may be installed in the second direction (2), for example in the y-axis direction. The third direction 3 may be referred to as a z-axis direction or an up-down direction. In this case, the first direction 1 and the second direction 2 may be a direction parallel to the horizontal direction, and the third direction 3 may be a direction crossing the horizontal direction.
[89]
The upper gate part 63 and the lower gate part 62 may be disposed between the camera part 70 and the through hole 22. The upper gate part 63 and the lower gate part 62 may be stacked on each other and may be moved horizontally.
[90]
The smaller the area where the camera unit 70 is exposed to the melt M, the better. Therefore, the camera part 70 is not exposed to the melt M through the through hole 22, and the opening 64 is formed in one of the gate parts 62 and 63 to have a size smaller than the through hole 22 Through the melt (M) can be exposed. The camera unit 70 may be positioned above the opening 64 and may be fixed to an upper surface of the gate portion in which the opening 64 is formed.
[91]
The through hole 22 is formed in a predetermined size for passage of the sampling unit 50, which is larger than necessary for the camera unit 70. Accordingly, by providing an opening 64 having a size smaller than that of the through hole 22 in the upper gate part 63, and exposing the camera part 70 to the hot water surface through the opening 64, the camera part 70 The area exposed to the high temperature of (M) can be significantly reduced.
[92]
Specifically, the opening 64 may be formed in the center of the upper gate part 63 to penetrate in the vertical direction. In addition, the camera unit 70 may be positioned above the opening 64. In addition, it may be fixed to the upper portion of the upper gate portion 63 by a predetermined bracket (not shown).
[93]
When the lower gate part 62 moves in the horizontal direction to open the through hole 22, the camera part 70 can photograph the hot water surface of the melt M. More specifically, the camera unit 70 can smoothly capture an image of the hot water surface of the melt M through the opening 64 formed in the upper gate unit 63 and the through hole 22 located below the opening 64. I can.
[94]
When the photographing of the camera unit 70 is finished, the lower gate unit 62 may return to close the through hole 22 and the opening 64. Meanwhile, when the sampling part 50 descends, the upper gate part 63, the lower gate part 62, and the camera part 70 may move together in a horizontal direction to move away from the through-hole 22.
[95]
The camera unit 70 includes a camera 72 for generating a hot water surface image, a housing 71 in which the camera 72 is accommodated, and a purge flow path 74 for injecting a purge gas between the housing 71 and the camera 72 And a cooling passage 73 for circulating the refrigerant in the housing 71. The camera 72 may have a pin shape, and the central axis L2 of the camera 72 may be inclined at a predetermined angle θ with respect to the vertical axis L1. That is, the camera 72 may be installed diagonally with respect to the vertical direction (also referred to as a'vertical direction'). The housing 71 may have a hollow round bar shape, and the camera 72 may be inserted therein. The cooling passage 73 may be connected to a refrigerant supply source (not shown), and may receive water, for example, as a refrigerant.
[96]
The lower end of the housing 71 may protrude to the lower side of the camera 72 and may be formed in a ring shape. When purge gas is blown into the space between the lower end of the housing 71 and the camera 72, the camera 72 can be protected from various flying objects and splashes s'.
[97]
To this end, the purge flow path 74 may be formed to penetrate the protrusion. In addition, the end (exit) of the purge flow path 74 may be located on the inner peripheral surface of the protrusion. The purge passage 74 is connected to a purge gas supply source (not shown) and may receive purge gas. The purge gas may be, for example, at least one gas selected from argon gas, nitrogen gas, and air.
[98]
The tang-myeon image may be a single point tang-myeon image. That is, the camera 72 may capture the Tang-myeon and generate a single-view image of the Tang-myeon. In this case, the single point of view means that the viewpoint is one. A single view image refers to an image captured at one location as a single viewpoint. The opposite concept to the single-view image is a stereo image or a multi-view image.
[99]
In that the tang-myeon image is captured by one camera 72, the tang-myeon image may be referred to as a 1-channel single-view tang-myeon image.
[100]
[101]
5A and 5B are diagrams for describing a method of calculating a pixel size of a photographing area according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The photographing area means a photographing area of ​​the camera 72. 6 is a diagram for explaining a process of analyzing the number of pixels in a green area from a hot surface image according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[102]
A control unit according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6.
[103]
The controller (not shown) calculates the size of the noodles using the image of the noodles obtained from the camera unit 70, the installation information of the camera unit 70, and the performance information of the camera unit 70, and uses the calculated size of the noodles. The flow rate of the gas g supplied to the nozzle unit 11 can be adjusted.
[104]
Installation information of the camera unit 70 is simply referred to as camera installation information or installation information. The installation information may specifically include an installation height and an installation angle of the camera 72. The performance information of the camera unit 70 is simply referred to as camera performance information or performance information. The performance information may specifically include the angle of view and resolution of the camera 72. The installation height of the camera 72 is simply referred to as the installation height, and the installation angle of the camera 72 is simply referred to as the installation angle. In addition, the angle of view of the camera 72 is simply referred to as the angle of view, and the resolution of the camera 72 is simply referred to as the resolution.
[105]
The installation angle can be measured from the installation structure of the camera 72, and the angle of view and resolution can be confirmed in a data sheet provided by the manufacturer or distributor of the camera 72. The installation angle, the angle of view, and the resolution may be input to the control unit in advance.
[106]
The angle of view is a range of a subject that can be photographed by the camera 72 as an angle using an optical system such as a lens as a reference point. Resolution refers to the number of pixels constituting a captured image. Pixel refers to a pixel of the smallest unit constituting a photographed image.
[107]
The control unit may accurately calculate the size of the natang with only one single point of view image captured by the camera unit 70 according to the pre-input installation information and the performance information. That is, in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a multi-view image, a depth image, or a plurality of single-view images are not used, and the size of the natang can be calculated from one single-view surface image with an accurate size. That is, by the control unit, only one camera unit 70 can calculate the size of the natang (N) with an accurate size. Here, the size of the natang (N) specifically means the area of ​​the natang (N).
[108]
[109]
Hereinafter, the configuration and operation method of the control unit will be described. The control unit may include a derivation unit, a first calculator, an analyzer, a second calculator, and a flow controller. On the other hand, the numerical values ​​presented below are examples for explaining the embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
[110]
In order for the control unit to accurately calculate the size of the tang from the tang-myeon image, it is necessary to analyze the number of pixels in the tang-myeon and calculate the size of the tang (N) according to the number of pixels. In this case, the pixel size of the photographing area is required in order to calculate the size of the nut according to the number of pixels. In addition, in order to calculate the pixel size of the photographing area, the installation height of the molten material M with respect to the hot water surface is required.
[111]
The lead-out machine can derive the installation height of the melt M with respect to the hot water surface. In more detail, the delivery device may calculate or measure the installation height of the molten material M with respect to the hot water surface using the installation position of the camera unit 70 and the amount of molten material in the container unit 10. Here, the installation position of the camera unit 70 is, in detail, the installation position of the camera 72, and the amount of melt is the weight of the melt. A method of calculating the installation height of the melt M with respect to the hot water surface will be described.
[112]
Referring to FIG. 3, the installation height (H) with respect to the bath surface is a first height (Ha), which is the height from the upper end of the container part 10 to the camera 72, and from the upper part of the container part 10 to the bath surface. It includes a second height Hb, which is the height. The first height Ha may be calculated or measured from the shape and installation structure of the container part 10 and the cover part 20 and the installation position of the camera part 70. The first height Ha may be input in advance to the drawer.
[113]
The second height (Hb) can be calculated by using the amount of melt in the container part 10, the weight of the melt (M) known in advance, the height of the metal surface, and a proportional formula.
[114]
[115]
Table 1 shows the known melt (M) weight and the height of the molten surface.
[116]
[Table 1]
Melt weight (w) Bath surface height (Hb)
One 345 tons 400mm
2 250 tons 1000mm
[117]
[118]
Here, the weight of the melt and the height of the hot water surface are inversely proportional to each other. The reason is that the lower the weight of the melt, the lower the height of the hot water surface, and thus, the hot water surface is further away from the upper end of the container part 10.
[119]
The predetermined melt (M) weight and height information can be obtained from, for example, a scale model experiment result, or by measuring the height of the melt surface of the melt (M) while performing several refining processes of the melt (M) of the previous round . These values ​​can be pre-entered into the deducer.
[120]
[121]
The proportional expression is the same as in Equation 1.
[122]
(Equation 1)
[123]
Hbt ​​= [(Hb2-Hb1)÷(w1-w2)]×(w1-wt)+Hb1
[124]
[125]
Here, w1 is the first value of the melt weight given in advance, w2 is the second value of the melt weight given in advance, Hb1 is the first value of the height of the melt surface given in advance, and Hb2 is the second value of the height of the melt surface given in advance. wt means the weight of the melt (M) accommodated in the container portion (10). Hbt ​​is a second height value for the melt (M) accommodated in the container portion (10).
[126]
For example, if the weight of the melt M accommodated in the container 10 in this round is 320 tons, the second height Hb becomes 558 mm according to Equation 1 (rounded to the nearest decimal point). If the first height (Ha) is 1,434 mm, the installation height (H) to the hot water surface can be obtained as 1992 mm.
[127]
Here, the above-described numerical values ​​are only examples for describing the derivation device.
[128]
Of course, it is also possible to obtain the second height Hb using the shape and size of the inner space of the container 10 and the volume of the melt M.
[129]
When the lead-out device measures the installation height of the melt M with respect to the hot water surface, the lead-out device may have physical means. For example, an infrared distance meter may be provided in the lead-out unit. In this case, the infrared range finder may be attached to the sampling unit 70, for example, and may measure the distance between the camera unit 70 and the hot water surface of the melt M.
[130]
[131]
Referring to FIG. 5, the first calculator may calculate a pixel size of a photographing area of ​​the camera 72 by using an installation height H, an installation angle, a field of view, and a resolution. In this case, Equations 2 and 3 may be used. Meanwhile, the above-described installation angle means the inclination of the central axis L2 of the camera 72 with respect to the vertical direction.
[132]
Here, since the first calculator uses both the installation height, the installation angle, the angle of view, and the resolution to calculate the pixel size, one camera 72 reflects the structure installed obliquely on the edge of the cover unit 20 to reflect the camera 72 ), the pixel size of the photographing area can be accurately calculated. For example, the first calculator may accurately obtain the pixel size of the photographing area in which the installation angle of the camera 72 is reflected based on the observation range and installation information of the camera 72.
[133]
The pre-input resolution is 640×480 pixels, the installation angle (θ1) is 15°, the angle of view (θ1) is 55°, and the camera unit 70 is among the horizontal and vertical sides of the photographing area of ​​the camera unit 70. A method of calculating the pixel size of the photographing area by the first calculator will be described in detail based on the installation inclined with respect to the horizontal side. Hereinafter, for convenience of description, the photographing region of the camera unit 70 is simply referred to as a photographing region. In this case, the horizontal side of the photographing region may be a side extending in the x-axis direction, and the vertical side of the photographing region may be a side extending in the Y-axis direction.
[134]
[135]
(Equation 2)
[136]
(Equation 2-1) X1 = tan((0.5 × θ2)-θ1) × H
[137]
(Equation 2-2) X2 = tan((0.5 × θ2) + θ1) × H
[138]
(Equation 2-3) X = X1 + X2
[139]
(Equation 2-4) Y = 2 × tan(0.5 × θ2) × H
[140]
[141]
Here, θ1 is the installation angle, and θ2 is the angle of view. H is the installation height to the hot water surface.
[142]
First, the length of the horizontal side X of the photographing area is determined. The horizontal side X of the photographing area is a side in the direction in which the camera unit 70 is inclined. To facilitate calculation, the horizontal side X of the photographing area is divided into a first line segment X1 and a second line segment X2. The first line segment X1 connects the foot of the first waterline L1X lowered to the horizontal side X of the shooting area at the point P1 where the camera unit 70 is installed to one end of the horizontal side X of the shooting area. It is a line segment. In addition, the second line segment is a line segment in which the foot of the first waterline L1X is connected to the other end of the horizontal side X of the photographing area. Meanwhile, L2 represents the central axis of the camera unit 70. P2 denotes a point where the photographing area is located, that is, the hot water level.
[143]
The length of the first line segment X1 can be obtained using Equation 2-1. The angle between the first hypotenuse L3 and the first line L1X is obtained, and the length of the first line segment X1 may be calculated as in Equation 2-1 using the definition of the tangent. In this case, the first hypotenuse L3 is a line segment connecting the point P1 where the camera unit 70 is installed and one end of the horizontal side X of the photographing area.
[144]
The length of the second line segment X2 can be obtained using Equation 2-2. The angle between the second hypotenuse L4 and the first line L1X is obtained, and the length of the second line segment X2 can be calculated as in Equation 2-2 using the definition of the tangent. In this case, the second hypotenuse L4 is a line segment connecting the point P1 where the camera unit 70 is installed and the other end of the horizontal side X of the photographing area.
[145]
The length of the horizontal side X of the photographing area is calculated by adding the first line segment X1 and the second line segment X2 using Equation 2-3. When the melt (M) weight is 320 tons, the installation height (H) is 1,992mm, the resolution is 640×480 pixels, the installation angle (θ1) is 15°, and the angle of view (θ1) is 55°, the shooting area The length of the horizontal side (X) was calculated, and a value of 2,267 mm was obtained. At this time, the decimal point was rounded off at the time of calculation.
[146]
The length of the vertical side (Y) of the photographing area is calculated. Using Equation 2-4, the length of the vertical side Y of the photographing area can be obtained. Since the vertical side (Y) of the shooting area is in the direction in which the camera unit 70 is not inclined, the second vertical line (L1Y) lowered from the point P1 where the camera unit 70 is installed to the vertical side (Y) of the shooting area. ) Is at a right angle to the vertical side (Y) of the shooting area. Accordingly, the angle between the third hypotenuse (L5) and the second line (L1Y) is obtained, or the angle between the fourth hypotenuse (L6) and the second line (L1Y) is obtained, and Equation 2 As shown in -4, the size of the vertical side (Y) of the photographing area can be calculated.
[147]
The third hypotenuse L5 is a line segment connecting one end of the vertical side Y of the shooting area and the point P1 where the camera unit 70 is installed, and the fourth hypotenuse L6 is the vertical side Y of the shooting area. It is a line segment connecting the other end of) and the point P1 where the camera unit 70 is installed. Meanwhile, the third hypotenuse L5 and the fourth hypotenuse L6 may be symmetric with respect to the second perpendicular line L1Y.
[148]
When the melt (M) weight is 320 tons, the installation height (H) is 1,992mm, the resolution is 640×480 pixels, the installation angle (θ1) is 15°, and the angle of view (θ1) is 55°, the shooting area The length of the vertical side (Y) was calculated, and a value of 2,074 mm was obtained. At this time, the decimal point was rounded off at the time of calculation.
[149]
That is, the camera unit 70 corresponds to a size of 2,267 mm in an inclined direction, such as an x-axis direction, and a size of 2,074 mm in a non-inclined direction, such as the y-axis direction on a predetermined plane having the same height as the hot water surface of the melt (M). By taking a photographing area, an image can be generated.
[150]
[151]
(Equation 3)
[152]
(Equation 3-1) dX = X ÷ horizontal resolution
[153]
(Equation 3-2) dY = Y ÷ vertical resolution
[154]
(Equation 3-3) dA = dX × dY
[155]
[156]
Here, the horizontal resolution is 640 pixels, and the vertical resolution is 480 pixels. X is the length of the horizontal side of the imaging area, and its value is 2,267 mm. In addition, Y is the length of the vertical side of the photographing area, and its value is 2,074 mm. Of course, this number is an example for specifically describing a method of calculating the pixel size of the photographing area by the first calculator. Here, the pixel size is the size of 1 pixel.
[157]
Next, the horizontal side pixel length (dX) of the photographing area is obtained. Using Equation 3-1, the horizontal pixel length dX of the photographing area may be calculated as 3.54mm. The vertical side pixel length (dY) of the photographing area is obtained. Using Equation 3-2, the vertical side pixel length dY of the photographing area may be calculated as 4.32 mm. When calculating, the third decimal place was rounded off.
[158]
Next, the pixel size dA of the photographing area is calculated using the horizontal pixel length dX of the photographing region and the vertical pixel length dY of the photographing region. At this time, using Equation 3-3, the pixel size dA of the photographing region may be calculated as 15.2928 mm2 by multiplying the horizontal pixel length dX of the photographing region and the vertical pixel length dY of the photographing region.
[159]
As such, the first calculator can obtain the horizontal and vertical lengths of the shooting area by knowing the installation angle, angle of view, and installation height. After obtaining the horizontal and vertical sides of the shooting area, the pixel size of the shooting area is determined using the resolution. You can get it.
[160]
Meanwhile, the horizontal resolution and vertical resolution of the camera 72 can be changed at any time. For example, when the camera 72 is installed in the housing 71, the horizontal resolution and the vertical resolution of the camera 720 may be changed because the camera 72 is not always fixed at the same angle with respect to the central axis of the camera 72. As such, even if the horizontal resolution value and the vertical resolution value of the camera 72 are changed, the pixel size dA of the photographing area can be equally obtained.
[161]
For example, if the horizontal resolution is set to 480 pixels and the vertical resolution is set to 640 pixels, the horizontal pixel length of the shooting area is obtained, the vertical pixel length of the shooting area is calculated, and the pixel size (dA) of the shooting area is calculated. Can be calculated equally as 15.2928 mm That is, through the above-described series of calculations, the pixel size dA of the photographing area can be equally obtained.
[162]
[163]
6 is a diagram for explaining a process of analyzing the number of pixels in a green area from a hot surface image according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 (a) is a picture showing the captured Tang-myeon image, Figure 6 (b) is a picture showing the Tang-myeon image displaying the natang area, and Figure 6 (c) is a picture showing the binarized Tang-myeon image to be.
[164]
Referring to FIG. 6, the analyzer may analyze the number of pixels in the green area included in the hot surface image. Specifically, the analyzer analyzes the number of pixels in the green area through the brightness according to the resolution of the hot surface image. The analyzer receives the captured image of the noodle soup. At this time, in the image of the tang-myeon, the natural tang (N) and the slag (S) each form a predetermined area. The analyzer distinguishes between the green area and the slag area using the reference brightness input in advance. The analyzer binarizes the tangent image, divides pixels brighter than the reference brightness among the binarized pixels of the tanmyeon image into pixels in the natural area, and divides pixels darker than the reference brightness into pixels in the slag area. The analyzer may draw a closed curve at the boundary between the pixels of the solid area and the pixels of the slag area, and then count the number of pixels in the closed curve to derive the counted number of pixels as the number of pixels in the solid area. Here, if there are a plurality of closed curves, after deriving the number of pixels for each closed curve, the largest value may be selected as the number of pixels in the nested area.
[165]
The reference brightness can be any brightness as the reference brightness as long as it is a brightness level that can distinguish between natural and slag in the image of the hot water.
[166]
[167]
The second calculator may calculate the size of the raw area using the number of pixels in the raw area and the calculated pixel size of the photographing area. For example, the second calculator may calculate the net size by multiplying the number of pixels derived by the analyzer by the pixel size calculated by the second calculator.
[168]
The flow controller may adjust the flow rate of the gas (g) supplied to the nozzle unit 11 according to the size of the beans calculated by the second calculator. That is, the flow controller may compare the size of the bean sprout with the reference size previously input, and adjust the flow rate of the gas g supplied to the nozzle unit 11 according to the comparison result. The flow controller increases the flow rate of the gas (g) when the calculated size is smaller than the reference size, and decreases the flow rate of the gas (g) when it is larger than the reference size. With this control, the size of the bean can follow the reference size. Such control of the flow controller may be referred to as, for example, a control using the area of ​​the net (N).
[169]
[170]
On the other hand, the flow controller can convert the size of the bean to obtain the conversion size, and adjust the flow rate of the gas (g) supplied to the nozzle unit 11 according to the comparison result in comparison with the converted size and the reference conversion size previously input. .
[171]
[172]
(Equation 4)
[173]
Deq = sqrt (measure size × 4/π)
[174]
[175]
Here, sqrt is the root, and Deq is the transform size. The transform size Deq may be a value having a length dimension. On the other hand, the natural size may be a value having a dimension of an area.
[176]
The transformed size (Deq) is a circle of the same size (area) as the size (area) of the net, the diameter of the circle is determined, and the obtained diameter is determined as the transformed size (Deq). The flow controller can obtain the conversion size (Deq) using Equation 4. That is, the dimension can be lowered by converting the size of the nut having a 2-dimensional value into a transform size having a 1-dimensional value.
[177]
And the flow controller may adjust the flow rate of the gas (g) supplied to the nozzle unit 11 according to the conversion size (Deq). That is, the flow controller may compare the conversion size Deq with the reference conversion size previously input, and adjust the flow rate of the gas g supplied to the nozzle unit 11 according to the comparison result. The flow controller increases the flow rate of the gas g when the conversion size Deq is smaller than the reference conversion size, and decreases the flow rate of the gas g when the conversion size Deq is larger than the reference conversion size. Accordingly, the transform size Deq of Natang can follow the reference transform size. This control of the flow controller may be referred to as control using the conversion size (Deq).
[178]
The shape of the tang formed on the tang is not uniform in a rectangular or circular shape, for example, but has an irregular shape as shown in FIG. Since the reference size is difficult to reflect the actual shape of the hot water surface, when determining the reference size, if the shape of the hot water surface is assumed to be circular, the reference size can be easily determined. Here, the reference transform size is a diameter of a shape of a hot water surface that is assumed to be a circle having the same area as the reference size, and is referred to as the reference transform size. Therefore, the flow controller can be controlled more conveniently by using the conversion size.
[179]
[180]
Hereinafter, a refining method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail. The refining method according to the embodiment of the present invention may be applied to the LF refining process. That is, the refining method may be an LF refining method.
[181]
The refining method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a process of preparing the container part 10 containing the molten material M, blowing gas g into the molten material M, and bubbling the molten material using the camera 72. A process of generating a noodle-myeon image by photographing the noodle-myeon of (M), and a process of calculating the size of the noodle in the noodle-myeon using the image of the noodle, installation information of the camera 72 and performance information of the camera 72
[182]
In addition, the refining method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a process of generating an arc on the upper portion of the melt M using the electrode 30 between the process of preparing the container 10 and the process of bubbling. It may contain more. In addition, between the process of generating the arc and the process of bubbling, a process of adjusting the components of the melt (M) may be further included by inputting an input to the melt (M). The process of adjusting the components, the process of creating an arc, and the process of bubbling can be collectively referred to as an LF refining process.
[183]
In addition, the refining method according to an embodiment of the present invention may further include a process of adjusting the gas flow rate by using the size of the bean after the process of calculating the size of the bean.
[184]
Meanwhile, the installation information may include an installation height and an installation angle of the camera, and the performance information may include a view angle and a resolution of the camera. The process of generating the tang-myeon image may be a process of photographing the tang-myeon with one camera 72 to generate a single-view tang-myeon image of tang-myeon.
[185]
First, a container portion 10 containing the melt (M) is provided. For example, the melt (M) may be molten steel prepared to perform the LF refining process. That is, the molten steel produced in the converter refining process is tapped into the container unit 10. Thereafter, the container part 10 is transferred and placed under the cover part 20. Then, by lowering the cover part 30, the cover part 20 is mounted on the open upper part of the container part 10.
[186]
Thereafter, the input unit 40 is lowered, the input port 21 is opened, and the input material accommodated in the input unit 40 through the input port 21 is injected into the melt (M). Accordingly, the component composition of the melt (M) can be adjusted. At this time, strong bubbling of the gas g is performed in the melt M using the nozzle unit 11 (see FIG. 1). At this time, the through hole 22 is closed by the upper gate part 63 and the lower gate part 62. When the component adjustment of the melt (M) is finished, the strong bubbling of the gas (g) is terminated, and the inlet port 21 is closed.
[187]
Thereafter, the electrode bar 30 is lowered and immersed in the slag S, and an arc is generated on the upper portion of the molten material M by using the electrode bar 30. Through this process, the temperature of the melt M is raised (see FIG. 2). When the temperature of the melt M is finished, the electrode 30 is raised.
[188]
Thereafter, the lower gate part 62 is horizontally moved to move to the outside of the through hole 22, and the hot water surface is exposed to the camera 72 through the opening 64 formed in the upper gate part 63. Thereafter, the gas (g) of the melt (M) is blown using the nozzle unit 11, and weak bubbling is performed (see FIG. 3). In addition, the hot water image of the molten material is generated by photographing the hot water surface of the molten material with the camera 72. More specifically, the camera 72 may be inclined at a predetermined angle in the vertical direction, so that the camera 72 photographs the tang surface in an inclined state to generate a tang surface image. That is, the Tang-myeon image is generated by photographing the Tang-myeon with the camera 72 installed diagonally with respect to the Tang-myeon.
[189]
Meanwhile, during the process of generating a hot water image by photographing the hot water with the camera 72, a refrigerant is circulated inside the housing 71 in which the camera is accommodated, and a purge gas is injected between the housing 71 and the camera 72. . Accordingly, while the camera 72 photographs the hot water, the camera 72 can be protected from high-temperature heat and flying objects.
[190]
Thereafter, while continuing the weak bubbling process, the size of the hot water in the hot water is calculated using the image of the hot water, the installation information of the camera and the performance information of the camera.
[191]
That is, the installation height of the hot water surface is derived using the derivation unit of the control unit, and the pixel size of the photographing area is calculated using the installation height, the installation angle, the angle of view, and the resolution using the first calculator of the control unit. Thereafter, the number of pixels in the green area included in the hot water image is analyzed using an analyzer of the controller. Thereafter, a second calculator of the controller is used to calculate the size of the net using the number of pixels and the size of the pixels. Details of the process of deriving the installation height for the hot water surface, the process of calculating the pixel size, the process of analyzing the number of pixels, and the process of calculating the size of the hot water have been described in detail while explaining the control unit of the above-described refining device. , Hereinafter, it will be briefly described.
[192]
[193]
First, the process of deriving the installation height is as follows. Using the installation position of the camera 72, the first height Ha from the camera 72 to the upper end of the container 10 is obtained. Then, using the amount of molten material in the container part 10, the second height Hb from the upper end of the container part 10 to the hot water surface is obtained. Thereafter, the installation height H may be calculated by adding the first height and the second height.
[194]
Here, the process of obtaining the second height Hb is as follows. Establish a proportional relationship between the amount of molten material and the height of the level of the molten material as described in Equation 1, using the previously known amount of molten material and height information, and estimate the height of the level of the molten material in the container using Equation 1 The resulting height can be obtained as the second height.
[195]
The process of calculating the pixel size is as follows. Using the installation height (H), the installation angle (θ1), and the angle of view (θ2), the first length in the inclined direction of the shooting area, for example, the length of the horizontal side (X) of the shooting area, is obtained, and shooting using the installation height and angle of view After the second length in the non-tilted direction of the region, for example, the length of the vertical side Y of the photographing region, is obtained, the size A of the photographing region is obtained by using the first length and the second length. Thereafter, the pixel size dA is obtained using the size and resolution of the photographing area. In this process, Equations 2 and 3 described above are used.
[196]
The process of analyzing the number of pixels is as follows. The image of the tang-myeon is binarized into bright and dark areas, and a closed curve is drawn at the border between the bright and dark areas. Thereafter, the number of pixels in the closed curve can be counted and derived as the number of pixels. In this case, if there are multiple closed curves, the number of pixels may be counted for each closed curve, and the largest value may be selected to derive the number of pixels.
[197]
The process of calculating the size of the soup is as follows. The net size is calculated by multiplying the number of pixels by the pixel size. Thereafter, by using Equation 4 described above, the shape of the net is converted into a circle shape having the same area as the area of ​​the net, and the diameter of the converted shape may be obtained to obtain the converted size of the net.
[198]
[199]
Thereafter, the gas flow rate is adjusted according to the size of the bean using the flow rate controller of the control unit. In other words, the flow controller compares the size of the beans with the reference size input in advance, and maintains the gas flow rate when the size of the beans is included in the reference size. Alternatively, the flow controller increases the flow rate of the gas supplied to the nozzle unit 11 when the size of the bean is smaller than the reference size. Alternatively, the flow controller decreases the flow rate of the gas supplied to the nozzle unit 11 when the size of the beans is larger than the reference size.
[200]
Alternatively, the flow controller may adjust the gas flow rate using the conversion size of the natang. At this time, the transformation size of the above-described natang has a value of a diameter, that is, a length dimension (one dimension). On the other hand, the natural size has a value of an area, that is, an area dimension (two-dimensional). The control using the transformation size of Natang can be intuitively monitored, making it easy to perform the process.
[201]
Details of the process of controlling the gas flow rate by the flow rate controller using the conversion size has been described in detail while describing the control unit of the refining apparatus described above, and thus the description will be omitted here.
[202]
In the process of weakly blowing gas (g) into the molten material (M) and performing weak bubbling, the inclusions are floated and separated by the hot water surface of the molten material (M) and collected in the slag (S). At this time, the flow controller compares the size of the beans calculated by the second calculator with the reference size previously input to the flow controller, and adjusts the amount of gas supplied to the nozzle 11 according to the result as described above, thereby weak bubbling The size of the inner pot (N) may be maintained as a reference size. Therefore, while the agitation of the melt (M) is maximized, the generation of foreign inclusions can be minimized or suppressed.
[203]
When the weak bubbling of the gas g is finished, the supply of the gas g to the nozzle unit 11 is stopped, the cover unit 20 is raised, and the container unit 10 is transferred to a subsequent process. The subsequent process can be, for example, a vacuum degassing process or a continuous casting process.
[204]
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the controller may quantify the size of the natang, and by using the quantified size of the natang, the gas supply may be controlled so that the size of the natang follows the reference size. Accordingly, it is possible to dynamically control the flow rate of the gas, so that the quality of a refining process, such as an LF refining process, can be improved to an optimum quality.
[205]
[206]
The above embodiments of the present invention are for the purpose of explanation of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. It should be noted that the configurations and methods disclosed in the above embodiments of the present invention will be modified in various forms by combining or intersecting with each other, and such modified examples can also be viewed as the scope of the present invention. That is, the present invention will be implemented in a variety of different forms within the scope of the claims and the technical idea equivalent thereto, and a person in the technical field to which the present invention corresponds can various embodiments within the scope of the technical idea of ​​the present invention. You will be able to understand.
Claims
[Claim 1]
A container portion having an upper portion open and a space formed therein for refining the molten material; A nozzle part formed to inject gas and installed in the container part; A camera unit installed on the upper side of the container unit and photographing the hot water surface of the molten material; And a control unit that calculates the size of the hot water in the hot water using the image of the hot water obtained from the camera unit, installation information of the camera unit, and performance information of the camera unit.
[Claim 2]
The refining apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a cover part mounted to cover the open upper part of the container part, wherein a through hole is formed at one side of the cover part, and one camera part is located above the through hole.
[Claim 3]
The method as set forth in claim 2, further comprising: an electrode rod mounted to penetrate the cover portion, wherein the electrode rod is positioned in a center portion of the cover portion, and the through hole is positioned at an edge portion. The camera unit is installed inclined refining device.
[Claim 4]
The method according to claim 3, further comprising: gate portions disposed between the through hole and the camera unit, stacked with each other, and horizontally movable, respectively, wherein one of the gate portions has an opening smaller than the through hole. And the camera unit is positioned above the opening, and is fixed to an upper portion of the gate unit in which the opening is formed.
[Claim 5]
The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the camera unit comprises: a camera that photographs the tang-myeon to generate a tang-myeon image; A housing accommodating the camera; A purge passage for injecting a purge gas between the housing and the camera; And a cooling passage for circulating a refrigerant in the housing.
[Claim 6]
The refining apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hot water image is a single view hot water image, the installation information includes an installation height and an installation angle of the camera unit, and the performance information includes a view angle and a resolution of the camera unit.
[Claim 7]
The method according to claim 6, wherein the control unit, the guide unit for deriving the installation height with respect to the hot water surface; A first calculator for calculating a pixel size of the photographing area of ​​the camera using the installation height, the installation angle, the angle of view, and the resolution; An analyzer that analyzes the number of pixels in the natural region included in the tang-myeon image; And a second calculator that calculates the size of the net using the number of pixels and the size of the pixels.
[Claim 8]
The refining apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control unit further comprises a flow rate controller configured to adjust a flow rate of the gas supplied to the nozzle unit according to the size of the nut.
[Claim 9]
The process of providing a container portion containing the molten material; Blowing gas into the melt and bubbling; Generating a hot water image by photographing the hot water surface of the molten material with a camera; And calculating the size of the hot water in the hot water using the image of the hot water, the installation information of the camera, and the performance information of the camera.
[Claim 10]
The method of claim 9, wherein the installation information includes an installation height and an installation angle of the camera, the performance information includes a field of view and a resolution of the camera, and the process of generating the hot surface image comprises: A refining method, which is a process of photographing the tang-myeon and generating a single point tang-myeon image of the tang-myeon.
[Claim 11]
The refining method of claim 10, wherein the generating of the instantaneous image comprises the step of inclining the camera with respect to an up-down direction to photograph the instantaneous surface while the camera is inclined to generate an image of the instantaneous surface.
[Claim 12]
The method of claim 9, further comprising: circulating a refrigerant inside a housing in which the camera is accommodated during the process of generating the hot water image; Refining method further comprising a; step of injecting a purge gas between the housing and the camera.
[Claim 13]
The method according to claim 11, wherein the step of calculating the size of the hot water comprises: deriving the installation height of the hot water surface; Calculating a pixel size of the photographing area of ​​the camera using the installation height, the installation angle, the field of view, and the resolution; Analyzing the number of pixels in the natural region included in the tang-myeon image; The refining method comprising a; step of calculating a net size using the number of pixels and the pixel size.
[Claim 14]
The method of claim 13, wherein the deriving of the installation height comprises: obtaining a first height from the camera to the upper end of the container using the installation position of the camera; Calculating a second height from the upper end of the container to the hot water surface by using the amount of melt in the container part; And calculating the installation height by adding the first height and the second height.
[Claim 15]
The method according to claim 14, wherein the process of obtaining the second height comprises establishing a proportional relationship between the amount of molten material and the height of the molten level by using information on the height of the molten material known in advance, and using the proportional relationship, the amount of molten material in the container unit A refining method including the process of obtaining a second height by estimating the height of the water surface for.
[Claim 16]
The method of claim 13, wherein the calculating of the pixel size comprises: obtaining a first length in an inclined direction of the photographing area using the installation height, the installation angle, and the field of view; Obtaining a second length of the photographing area in a non-inclined direction using the installation height and the angle of view; Obtaining a size of the photographing area using the first length and the second length; And obtaining the pixel size using the size of the photographing area and the resolution.
[Claim 17]
The method of claim 13, wherein the analyzing of the number of pixels comprises: drawing a closed curve at a boundary between a bright portion and a dark portion by binarizing the hot surface image into bright portions and dark portions; Counting the number of pixels in the closed curve.
[Claim 18]
The refining method according to claim 17, wherein if the number of closed curves is plural, the largest value is selected by counting the number of pixels for each closed curve.
[Claim 19]
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the calculating of the size of the net includes: calculating the size of the net by multiplying the number of pixels by the size of the pixels; Converting the natang shape into a circular shape having the same size as the natang size; Refining method comprising a; the step of obtaining the diameter of the net shape converted to the circular shape to obtain the transformed size of the net.
[Claim 20]
The refining method according to claim 9, further comprising, after the process of calculating the size of the beans, adjusting the flow rate of the gas using the size of the beans.