DESC:

FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
[See section 10, Rule 13]

REGULATOR RECTIFIER FOR ENERGIZING A LAMP, CHARGE A BATTERY AND POWER FUEL INJECTION BASED LOADS IN A VEHICLE

Napino Auto & Electronics Ltd., an Indian Company of Sec-3 Plot No. 7, Sector 3, IMT Manesar, Distt-Gurgaon – 122050, Haryana

THE FOLLOWING SPECIFICATION PARTICULARLY DESCRIBES THE INVENTION AND THE MANNER IN WHICH IT IS TO BE PERFORMED.

Field of the Invention:
The present invention relates to a circuit of regulator rectifier which rectifies and regulates the AC side and DC side voltage in correspondence to every half cycle of a full waveform input AC voltage coming from alternator current generator. More particularly, the present invention relates to a voltage control system for use in a vehicle in which a full waveform input AC voltage produced by an alternator current generator, driven by an internal combustion engine, is used to light a lamp, charge a battery and power fuel injection based loads.

Background of the Invention:
The following background discussion includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention.

Conventionally in some of the vehicles such as motorcycles, a full waveform AC voltage is produced by an alternating current generator (ACG) which is driven by an internal combustion engine, and the full waveform AC voltage is used to serve fuel injection loads, to charge a battery as well as to light a lamp such as a headlamp.

One conventional technique implements a control and regulate mechanism in which negative half-waves of the full waveform AC voltage are used for lamp loads while positive half-waves are used by DC loads like battery and fuel injection loads. In such cases, the lamp load is connected to the ACG via an AC side control device while the battery and the fuel injection loads are connected to the alternating current generator ACG via a DC side control device. Some of the problems associated with the conventional technique include:
• Non-utilization of each cycle of negative AC voltage for lamp load illumination, which causes lamp flickering.
• Lamp voltage does not remain constant and varies w.r.t. wattage of lamp loads.
• Also, when battery is not connected, the lamp voltage decreases and the fuel injection load voltage does not remain constant and fluctuates.
• Also, the short side control device turns ON and shunts positive half of the input AC waveform coming from ACG resulting in power loss in terms of heating.
• Furthermore, when the battery is charged to predetermine voltage, the DC side control device is turned OFF. The DC side control device remains in turned OFF condition till the battery discharges below predetermined voltage. During the DC side control device OFF condition, the positive pulses from ACG are skipped. When DC side control device is turned ON, high current positive spikes from ACG are provided to the battery which increases ripple voltage at battery. Due to high current positive spikes, the battery may get overcharge and the life of battery may reduce. In particular, the high ripple voltage causes internal heating of battery and results in loss of electrolyte inside the battery which may reduce the overall life of battery.
• The ACG generates a variable voltage of variable frequency w.r.t. RPM. Especially when the vehicle is running at low RPMs, the voltage produced by the conventional devices is less (compared to the required voltage).

Thus, there is felt, a need to provide an improved circuit to control fuel injection voltage, battery charging voltage and lamp lighting voltage that overcomes one or more of the above described disadvantages.

Summary of the Invention:
In accordance with these and other objects of the invention, a brief summary of the invention is presented. Some simplifications and omissions may be made in the summary, which is intended to highlight and introduce some aspects of the present invention, but not limit its scope.

In accordance with an embodiment, the present invention provides a circuit for generating DC voltage corresponding to every one half cycle of full waveform input AC voltage generated by an alternating current generator and providing the DC voltage to a lamp load. In an embodiment of the invention, the circuit comprises a first trapezoid voltage generating circuit for generating a first trapezoid voltage; a first differential amplifier circuit for generating a differential voltage by comparing a first reference voltage with a first feedback voltage and a first comparator circuit for comparing the trapezoid voltage generated by the first trapezoid voltage generating circuit with the differential voltage generated by the first differential amplifier circuit and generating a pulse width modulated waveform having a varying width. The circuit further comprises a first fixed firing circuit for generating a first fixed firing angle trigger pulse having a predetermined fixed value when at least one predetermined condition is satisfied. The circuit further comprises an AC side control device gate triggering circuit receiving (a) the pulse width modulated waveform OR (b) the first fixed firing angle trigger pulse and providing as output one of the first fixed firing angle trigger pulse as received from the first fixed firing circuit or a variable firing angle trigger pulse whose pulse width depends upon the pulse width modulated waveform. The circuit further comprises an AC side control device operably connected between the alternating current generator and the lamp load, the AC side control device receiving one of the variable firing angle trigger pulse or the first fixed firing angle trigger pulse from the AC side control device gate triggering circuit and generating DC voltage corresponding to every negative half cycle of the full waveform input AC voltage.

In accordance with another embodiment, the present invention provides a circuit for generating DC voltage corresponding to every positive half cycle of full waveform input AC voltage generated by an alternating current generator and providing the DC voltage to one or more of a battery load and a fuel injection based load. In an embodiment, the circuit comprises a second trapezoid voltage generating circuit for generating a second trapezoid voltage; a second differential amplifier circuit for generating a differential voltage by comparing a second reference voltage with a second feedback voltage and a second comparator circuit for comparing the second trapezoid voltage generated by the second trapezoid voltage generating circuit with the differential voltage generated by the second differential amplifier circuit and generating a pulse width modulated waveform having a variable width. The circuit further comprises a second fixed firing circuit for generating a second fixed firing angle trigger pulse having a predetermined fixed value when at least one predetermined condition is satisfied. The circuit further comprises a DC side control device gate triggering circuit receiving (a) the pulse width modulated waveform OR (b) the second fixed firing angle trigger pulse and providing as output one of the second fixed firing angle trigger pulse as received from the second fixed firing circuit or a variable firing angle trigger pulse whose pulse width depends upon the pulse width modulated waveform. The circuit furthermore comprises a DC side control device operably connected between the alternating current generator and each of the battery load and the fuel injection based load, the DC side control device receiving one of the variable firing angle trigger pulse or the second fixed firing angle trigger pulse from the DC side control device gate triggering circuit and generating DC voltage corresponding to every positive half cycle of the full waveform input AC voltage.

In accordance with yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a lamp lighting, battery charging and FI load charging apparatus for use in a vehicle comprising an alternating current generator driven by an internal engine generating full waveform input AC voltage. In an embodiment of the invention the apparatus is connected such that it is located (a) between a battery load and the alternating current generator, (b) between a lamp load and the alternating current electric generator, and (c) between a FI load and the alternating current generator. The apparatus comprises a first circuit for generating DC voltage corresponding to every negative half cycle of the full waveform input AC voltage and a second circuit for generating DC voltage corresponding to every positive half cycle of the full waveform input AC voltage. The DC voltage generated by the first circuit is provided to the lamp load while the DC voltage generated by the second circuit is provided to each of the battery load and the fuel injection based load.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the first circuit comprises a first trapezoid voltage generating circuit for generating a first trapezoid voltage; a first differential amplifier circuit for generating a differential voltage by comparing a first reference voltage with a first feedback voltage; and a first comparator circuit for comparing the trapezoid voltage generated by the first trapezoid voltage generating circuit with the differential voltage generated by the first differential amplifier circuit and generating a pulse width modulated waveform having a varying width. The first circuit further comprises a first fixed firing circuit for generating a first fixed firing angle trigger pulse having a predetermined fixed value when at least one predetermined condition is satisfied. The first circuit further comprises an AC side control device gate triggering circuit receiving (a) the pulse width modulated waveform OR (b) the first fixed firing angle trigger pulse and providing as output one of the first fixed firing angle trigger pulse as received from the first fixed firing circuit or a variable firing angle trigger pulse whose pulse width depends upon the pulse width modulated waveform. The first circuit further comprises an AC side control device operably connected between the alternating current generator and the lamp load, the AC side control device receiving one of the variable firing angle trigger pulse or the first fixed firing angle trigger pulse from the AC side control device gate triggering circuit and generating DC voltage corresponding to every negative half cycle of the full waveform input AC voltage.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the second circuit comprises a second trapezoid voltage generating circuit for generating a second trapezoid voltage; a second differential amplifier circuit for generating a differential voltage by comparing a second reference voltage with a second feedback voltage; and a second comparator circuit for comparing the second trapezoid voltage generated by the second trapezoid voltage generating circuit with the differential voltage generated by the second differential amplifier circuit and generating a pulse width modulated waveform having a variable width. The second circuit further comprises a second fixed firing circuit for generating a second fixed firing angle trigger pulse having a predetermined fixed value when at least one predetermined condition is satisfied. The second circuit further comprises a DC side control device gate triggering circuit receiving (a) the pulse width modulated waveform OR (b) the second fixed firing angle trigger pulse and providing as output one of the second fixed firing angle trigger pulse as received from the second fixed firing circuit or a variable firing angle trigger pulse whose pulse width depends upon the pulse width modulated waveform. The second circuit further comprises a DC side control device operably connected between the alternating current generator and each of the battery load and the fuel injection based load, the DC side control device receiving one of the variable firing angle trigger pulse or the second fixed firing angle trigger pulse from the DC side control device gate triggering circuit and generating DC voltage corresponding to every positive half cycle of the full waveform input AC voltage.

To further clarify advantages and features of the present invention, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which is illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail with the accompanying drawings.

Brief Description of Figures:
These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein:
FIGURE 1 illustrates a block diagram of the lamp lighting, battery charging and FI load charging apparatus comprising the first circuit and the second circuit;
FIGURE 2 illustrates a complete circuit diagram of the lamp lighting, battery charging and FI load charging apparatus comprising the first circuit and the second circuit;
FIGURE 3 illustrates a detailed view of a third rectifying circuit (5) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 4 illustrates a detailed view of a second fixed firing circuit (6) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 5 illustrates a detailed view of a DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 6 illustrates a detailed view of a second reverse recovery voltage suppressor circuit (8) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 7 illustrates a detailed view of a second fixed firing disable circuit (9) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 8 illustrates a detailed view of a RPM sense circuit (10) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 9 illustrates a detailed view of a second reverse battery protection circuit (11) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 10 illustrates a detailed view of a second rectifying circuit (12) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 11 illustrates a detailed view of a reverse leakage current disable circuit (13) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 12 illustrates a detailed view of a fifth rectifying circuit (14) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 13 illustrates a detailed view of a FI sense circuit (15) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 14 illustrates a detailed view of a Bulk Capacitor (16) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 15 illustrates a detailed view of a second feedback circuit (17) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 16 illustrates a detailed view of a second power supply circuit (18) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 17 illustrates a detailed view of a second adder circuit (19) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 18 illustrates a detailed view of a second ramp voltage generating circuit (20) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 19 illustrates a detailed view of a third clipper circuit (21) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 20 illustrates a detailed view of a negative power (VEE) failure protection circuit (22) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 21 illustrates a detailed view of a fourth clipper circuit (23) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 22 illustrates a detailed view of a zero crossing detector circuit (24) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 23 illustrates a detailed view of a second clipper circuit (25) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 24 illustrates a detailed view of an inverting circuit (26) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 25 illustrates a detailed view of a first clipper circuit (27) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 26 illustrates a detailed view of a second comparator circuit (28) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 27 illustrates a detailed view of a second differential amplifier circuit (29) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 28 illustrates a detailed view of a first reference limiter circuit (30) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 29 illustrates a detailed view of a second reference voltage generating circuit (31) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 30 illustrates a detailed view of AC side control device circuit (32) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 31 illustrates a detailed view of a first rectifying circuit (33) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 32 illustrates a detailed view of an AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 33 illustrates a detailed view of a first reverse battery protection circuit (35) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 34 illustrates a detailed view of a first adder circuit (36) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 35 illustrates a detailed view of a first comparator circuit (37) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 36 illustrates a detailed view of a first differential amplifier circuit (38) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 37 illustrates a detailed view of a second reference limiter circuit (39) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 38 illustrates a detailed view of a first ramp voltage generating circuit (40) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 39 illustrates a detailed view of a first feedback circuit (41) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 40 illustrates a detailed view of a first reference voltage generating circuit (42) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 41 illustrates a detailed view of a first reverse recovery voltage suppressor circuit (43) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 42 illustrates a detailed view of a first fixed firing circuit (44) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 43 illustrates a detailed view of a first fixed firing disable circuit (45) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 44 illustrates a detailed view of a first power supply circuit (46) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 45 illustrates a detailed view of DC side control device (47) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 46 illustrates a detailed view of fourth rectifying circuit (48) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Further, skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the drawings are illustrated for simplicity and may not have been necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the flow charts illustrate the method in terms of the most prominent steps involved to help to improve understanding of aspects of the present invention. Furthermore, in terms of the construction of the device, one or more components of the device may have been represented in the drawings by conventional symbols, and the drawings may show only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present invention so as not to obscure the drawings with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having benefit of the description herein.

Detailed Description:
For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended, such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated system, and such further applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated therein being contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory of the invention and are not intended to be restrictive thereof.

Reference throughout this specification to “an aspect”, “another aspect” or similar language means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrase “in an embodiment”, “in another embodiment” and similar language throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment.

The terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process or method that comprises a list of steps does not include only those steps but may include other steps not expressly listed or inherent to such process or method. Similarly, one or more devices or sub-systems or elements or structures or components proceeded by "comprises a" does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other devices or other sub-systems or other elements or other structures or other components or additional devices or additional sub-systems or additional elements or additional structures or additional components.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The system, methods, and examples provided herein are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The present invention provides a lamp lighting, battery charging and FI load charging apparatus that is able to achieve every cycle control strategy for Battery charging voltage, Fuel injection voltage and AC lamp voltage resulting in no flickering in ac lamp illumination particularly in low wattage lamp loads. When Battery gets disconnected the lamp voltage remains constant and enough DC voltage is supplied to Fuel injection loads for its operation without any performance degradation.

Referring to Figure 1, there is illustrated a block diagram of a lamp lighting, battery charging and FI load charging apparatus for use in a vehicle comprising an alternating current generator (1) driven by an internal engine generating full waveform input AC voltage. The charging apparatus is connected between a battery load (3) and the alternating current generator (1). The charging apparatus is further connected between a lamp load (2) and the alternating current electric generator (1). The charging apparatus is furthermore connected between a FI load (4) and the alternating current generator (1).

In an embodiment of the invention, the charging apparatus comprises a first circuit and a second circuit. The first circuit generates DC voltage corresponding to every negative half cycle of the full waveform input AC voltage and provides the same to the lamp load (2). The second circuit generates DC voltage corresponding to every positive half cycle of the full waveform input AC voltage and provides the same to DC loads i.e. to the battery load (3) and the FI load (4).

For the purposes of ease of understanding, constructional details of the first circuit will be described followed by constructional details of the second circuit. In particular, functional elements of the first circuit will be described followed by description about the functional elements of the second circuit. Thereafter, each functional element will be described in terms of its construction. It may be noted however that merely because a functional element has been said to form part of the first circuit does not make it as an essential part of the first circuit. Likewise, merely because a functional element has been said to form part of the second circuit does not make it as an essential part of the second circuit. It may be furthermore noted that while the functional elements are described in terms of their construction, such constructional definition is by way of non-limiting example. Alternative constructions of a particular functional element may be adopted, as long as such alternative construction attains the same function.

CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF THE FIRST CIRCUIT IN ACCORDANCE WITH AN EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
In an embodiment of the invention, the first circuit comprises a first trapezoid voltage generating circuit (40, 36) for generating a first trapezoid voltage. The first circuit further comprises a first differential amplifier circuit (38) for generating a differential voltage by comparing a first reference voltage with a first feedback voltage. The first circuit further comprises a first comparator circuit (37) for comparing the trapezoid voltage generated by the first trapezoid voltage generating circuit (40, 36) with the differential voltage generated by the first differential amplifier circuit (38) and generating a pulse width modulated waveform having a varying width. The first circuit further comprises a first fixed firing circuit (44) for generating a first fixed firing angle trigger pulse having a predetermined fixed value when at least one predetermined condition is satisfied. The first circuit further comprises a AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34) receiving (a) the pulse width modulated waveform OR (b) the first fixed firing angle trigger pulse and providing as output one of the first fixed firing angle trigger pulse as received from the first fixed firing circuit (44) or a variable firing angle trigger pulse whose pulse width depends upon the pulse width modulated waveform. The first circuit furthermore comprises a AC side control device (32) operably connected between the alternating current generator (1) and the lamp load (2), the AC side control device (32) receiving one of the variable firing angle trigger pulse or the first fixed firing angle trigger pulse from the AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34) and generating DC voltage corresponding to every negative half cycle of the full waveform input AC voltage.

In another embodiment of the invention, the first differential amplifier circuit (38) generating differential voltage may be operatively connected to a first feedback circuit (41) generating the first feedback voltage and a first reference voltage generating circuit (42) for generating a first reference voltage.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the first reference voltage generating circuit (42) may be connected to a first power supply circuit (46) for generating the first reference voltage of a predetermined magnitude.

In still another embodiment of the invention, the first trapezoid voltage generating circuit (40, 36) comprises a first ramp voltage generating circuit (40) coupled to a first adder circuit (36). In a further embodiment of the invention, the first ramp voltage generating circuit (40) may be operatively connected to a first clipper circuit (27) and the first power supply circuit (46) for generating the ramp voltage. In a further embodiment of the invention, the first clipper circuit (27) may be operatively connected to an inverting circuit (26) to clip a positive portion of an output generated by the inventing circuit. In a further embodiment of the invention, the inverting circuit (26) may be operatively connected to a zero crossing circuit (24) to invert an output of the zero crossing circuit.

In another embodiment of the invention, the first adder circuit (36) may be operatively connected to a second clipper circuit (25) and the first ramp voltage generating circuit (40) for generating the trapezoid voltage corresponding to every negative half cycle of the full waveform input AC voltage. In a further embodiment of the invention, the second clipper circuit (25) may be operatively connected to the zero crossing detector circuit (24) to clip a positive portion of an output generated by the zero crossing detector circuit (24).

In another embodiment of the invention, the zero crossing detector circuit (24) may be operatively connected to the alternating current generator (1), the first power supply circuit (46) and a second power supply circuit (18) to generate a bi-polar square pulse; and the inverting circuit (26) may be operatively connected to the zero crossing detector circuit (24), the second power supply circuit (18) and the first power supply circuit (46) for inverting the output of the zero crossing detector (24).

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34) may be further connected to a reverse battery protection circuit (35).In a further embodiment of the invention, the reverse battery voltage protection circuit (35) may be operatively connected to the AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34), the first power supply circuit (46) and second power supply circuit (18) and may be configured to disable the AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34) in case of reverse battery condition.

In still another embodiment of the invention, the first power supply circuit (46) may be operatively connected to the lamp load (2), a first reverse recovery voltage suppressor circuit (43) and the alternating current generator (1) via a first rectifying circuit (33).

In another embodiment of the invention, the first circuit may further comprise a first fixed firing disable circuit (45) operably connected between the first fixed firing circuit (44) and the AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34). The first fixed firing disable circuit (45) may be adapted to control receipt by the AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34)of the first fixed firing angle trigger pulse as output by the first fixed firing circuit (44).

In a further embodiment of the invention, the first reverse recovery voltage suppressor circuit (43) may be operatively connected to the lamp load (2) and AC side control device (32) and configured to suppress a positive voltage at the lamp terminal.

CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF THE SECOND CIRCUIT IN ACCORDANCE WITH AN EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
In an embodiment of the invention, the second circuit comprises a second trapezoid voltage generating circuit (19, 20) for generating a second trapezoid voltage. The second circuit further comprises a second differential amplifier circuit (29) for generating a differential voltage by comparing a second reference voltage with a second feedback voltage. The second circuit further comprises a second comparator circuit (28) for comparing the second trapezoid voltage generated by the second trapezoid voltage generating circuit (19, 20) with the differential voltage generated by the second differential amplifier circuit (29) and generating a pulse width modulated waveform having a variable width. The second circuit further comprises a second fixed firing circuit (6) for generating a second fixed firing angle trigger pulse having a predetermined fixed value when at least one predetermined condition is satisfied. The second circuit further comprises a DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) receiving (a) the pulse width modulated waveform OR (b) the second fixed firing angle trigger pulse and providing as output one of the second fixed firing angle trigger pulse as received from the second fixed firing circuit (6) or a variable firing angle trigger pulse whose pulse width depends upon the pulse width modulated waveform. The second circuit furthermore comprises a DC side control device (47) operably connected between the alternating current generator (1) and each of the battery load (3) and the fuel injection based load (4), the DC side control device (47) receiving one of the variable firing angle trigger pulse or the second fixed firing angle trigger pulse from the DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) and generating DC voltage corresponding to every positive half cycle of the full waveform input AC voltage.

In an embodiment of the invention, the second differential amplifier circuit (29) generating differential voltage may be operatively connected to a second feedback circuit (17) generating the second feedback voltage and a second reference voltage generating circuit (31) generating a second reference voltage.

In another embodiment of the invention, the second reference voltage generating circuit (31) may be connected to a second power supply circuit (18) and may be configured to generate the second reference voltage of a predetermined magnitude.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the second trapezoid voltage generating circuit (20, 19) may comprise a second ramp voltage generating circuit (20) coupled to a second adder circuit (19).

In still another embodiment of the invention, the second ramp voltage generating circuit (20) may be operatively connected to a third clipper circuit (21) and the second power supply circuit (18) and may be configured to generate the ramp voltage.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the third clipper circuit (21) may be operatively connected to an inverting circuit (26) and may be configured to clip a negative portion of an output generated by the inverting circuit.

In a furthermore embodiment of the invention, the inverting circuit (26) may be operatively connected to a zero crossing circuit (24) and may be configured to invert an output of the zero crossing circuit.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the second adder circuit (19) may be operatively connected to a fourth clipper circuit (23) and the second ramp voltage generating circuit (20) and may be configured to generate the trapezoid voltage corresponding to every positive half cycle of the full waveform input AC voltage.

In a furthermore embodiment of the invention, the fourth clipper circuit (23) may be operatively connected to the zero crossing detector circuit (24) and may be configured to clip a negative portion of the output generated by the zero crossing detector circuit.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the zero crossing detector circuit (24) may be operatively connected to alternating current generator (1), the second power supply circuit (18) and a first power supply circuit (46) and may be configured to generate a bi-polar square pulse; and the inverting circuit (26) may be operatively connected to the zero crossing detector circuit (24), the second power supply circuit (18) and the first power supply circuit (46) and may be configured to invert the output of the zero crossing detector.

In a furthermore embodiment of the invention, the DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) may be further connected to a negative power (VEE) failure protection circuit (22) and a reverse battery protection circuit (11).

In a further embodiment of the invention, the negative power (VEE) failure protection circuit (22) may be further operably connected to the second power supply circuit (18) and the first power supply circuit (46) and may be configured to disable the DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) in case of negative power supply is not built up.

In a furthermore embodiment of the invention, the reverse battery protection circuit (11) may be operably connected to the one or more battery via a second rectifying circuit (12) and may be configured to disable the DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) in case of reverse battery condition.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the second circuit further comprises a second reverse recovery voltage suppressor circuit (8). The second reverse recovery voltage suppressor circuit (8) may be configured to commutate the DC side control device (47). The second reverse recovery voltage suppressor circuit (8) may apply reverse voltage to sweep out any stored minority charges from a junction of the DC side control device (47), when there is no load on battery terminal or in absence of Battery (3).

In a furthermore embodiment of the invention, the second circuit may further comprise a third rectifying circuit (5) that may be connected between the alternating current generator (1) and the DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7). The third rectifying circuit (5) may also be connected between the alternating current generator (1) and the fixed firing circuit (6).

In a furthermore embodiment of the invention, the second circuit may further comprise a second fixed firing disable circuit (9). The second fixed firing disable circuit (9) may be operably connected between the second fixed firing circuit (6) and the DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7). The second fixed firing disable circuit (9) may be configured to control receipt of the second fixed firing angle trigger pulse as the second input by the DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7).

In an embodiment of the invention, the second power supply circuit (18) may be operatively connected to a reverse leakage current disable circuit (13). In an embodiment of the invention, the reverse leakage current disable circuit (13) may be further operably connected tithe one or more battery via a fourth rectifying circuit (48). In an embodiment of the invention, the reverse leakage current disable circuit (13) may be further operably connected to the FI load via a FI sense circuit (15) to disable the reverse battery current flow when RPM is zero or engine is at stand still condition. In an embodiment of the invention, the reverse leakage current disable circuit (13) may be further operably connected to the second fixed firing circuit (6) via a RPM sense circuit. In an embodiment of the invention, the reverse leakage current disable circuit (13) may be further operably connected to the second fixed firing disable circuit (9).

In a furthermore embodiment of the invention, the second circuit may further comprise a bulk capacitor (16) operatively connected to the battery (3) via a fifth rectifying circuit (14), to the FI sense circuit (15) and to the FI loads (4) for supplying supply current to FI loads (4).

In a further embodiment of the invention, the FI sense circuit (15) may be operatively connected to bulk capacitor (16) and may be configured to sense the bulk capacitor voltage in absence of battery so that bulk capacitor voltage can be controlled.

In a furthermore embodiment of the invention, the fifth rectifying circuit (14) may be operatively connected to bulk capacitor (16) to protect it in reverse battery condition.

While in the above paragraphs functional elements forming part of the first circuit and the second circuit have been introduced, in the following paragraphs each functional element will described in terms of its construction.

First Circuit

A First Ramp Voltage Generating Circuit (40):
The function of this circuit (40) is to generate negative ramp waveform by constant charging and rapid discharging of capacitor C21. Therefore the first ramp voltage generating circuit may be referred to as negative ramp voltage generating circuit. Negative power supply circuit (46), positive clipper circuit (27) and negative adder circuit (36) works as output for negative ramp generating circuit (40).

As shown in Figure 38, the first ramp voltage generating circuit (40) includes:
1. A Transistor Q10 which is used as a control switch which allows constant current flow to charge the capacitor C10.
2. A Capacitor C21 which is used to generate a ramp waveform by charging it through constant current and then discharging through transistor Q7.
3. A Resistor R46 which is used to limit the charging current of capacitor C10.
4. Resistor R47 and R48 which are used to make the voltage divider so that a constant current can be flows through resistor R46.
5. A Transistor Q9 which is used to discharge the charged capacitor C21 to generate the ramp waveform.
6. A Resistor R44 which is used to bias the transistor Q9 and for noise filtration.
7. A Resistor R43 which is used to limit the base current of transistor Q9.

A First Adder Circuit (36):
The function of this circuit (36) is to add the negative square wave generated by positive clipper circuit (25) and negative ramp wave generating by negative ramp generating circuit (40) and generates a trapezoid waveform. Therefore this circuit may be referred to as negative adder circuit (36). Negative ramp generating circuit (40) works as an input for negative adder circuit (36). Positive clipper circuit (25) and negative comparator circuit (37) work as output for negative adder circuit (36).

As shown in Figure 34, the first adder circuit (36) includes Resistor R42 and R45 which are used to make the voltage divider so that the amplitude of square wave in trapezoid output generating by negative adder circuit (37) can be set.

A First Differential Amplifier Circuit (38):
The function of this circuit (38) is to compare the output of negative feedback circuit (41) with output of negative reference voltage circuit (42) and amplifies the difference. Therefore this circuit may be referred to as negative differential amplifier circuit (38). Negative reference voltage circuit (42), negative feedback circuit (41), negative comparator circuit (37) and negative reference limiter (39) work as input for negative differential amplifier circuit (38). Negative power supply circuit (46) works as an output for negative differential amplifier circuit (38).

As shown in Figure 36, the first differential amplifier circuit (38) includes:
1. A Resistor R59 which is used to limit the bias current of non inverting pin of IC U3B.
2. A Resistor R65 which is used to limit the bias current of inverting pin of IC U3B. It also decides the amplifying gain and limits the charging current of capacitor C25.
3. A Capacitor C25 which is used as a feedback capacitor, which decides the amplifying gain and smoothen the difference between the output of negative feedback circuit (41) and negative reference voltage circuit (42).
4. IC U3B which is used to compare the output of negative feedback circuit (41) with output of negative reference voltage circuit (42) and amplifies the difference.
5. A Diode D26 which is used for reverse voltage protection.
6. A Capacitor C26 which is used for noise filtration at inverting pin of IC U3B.

A First Comparator Circuit (37):
The function of this circuit (37) is to compare the trapezoid output waveform of negative adder circuit (36) with reference output waveform of negative differential amplifier circuit (38) and generates a trigger pulse and sends it to AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34) for triggering so that the switching of AC side control device (32) can be controlled to maintain Lamp (2) voltage within specification. Therefore, this circuit may be referred to as negative comparator circuit (37).

AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34) works as an input for negative comparator circuit (37). Negative adder circuit (36), negative reference limiter (39), negative differential amplifier circuit (38) and negative power supply circuit (46) work as output for negative comparator circuit (37).

As shown in Figure 35, the First Comparator Circuit (37) includes:
1. A Resistor R49 which is used to limit the bias current of non-inverting pin of IC U3A.
2. A Resistor R53 which is used to limit the bias current of inverting pin of IC U3A.
3. A Capacitor C17 which is used for noise filtration at power supply pin of IC U3A.
4. A Capacitor C18 which is used for noise filtration at inverting pin of IC U3A.
5. A Resistor R54 which is used to limit current for AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34).
6. A Diode D19 which is used for reverse voltage protection.
7. IC U3A which is used to compare the trapezoid output waveform of negative adder circuit (36) with reference output waveform of negative differential amplifier circuit (38) and generates a trigger pulse and sends it to AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34) for triggering so that the switching of AC side control device (32) can be controlled to maintain Lamp (2) voltage within specification.

A First Fixed Firing Circuit (44)
Function of this circuit is to fire the AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34) at a fix phase angle when the voltage of negative power supply circuit (46) is below a certain threshold level. AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34) and first fixed firing disable circuit (45) work as input for the first fixed firing circuit (44). Rectifying circuit (33) works as an output for the first fixed firing circuit (44).

As shown in Figure 42, the First Fixed Firing Circuit (44) includes:
1. A Diode D20 which is used to isolate the fixed firing disable circuit (45) from the ac side control device gate triggering circuit (34).
2. A Resistor R76 which is used to limit current of ac side control device gate triggering circuit (34).

An AC Side Control Device Gate Triggering Circuit (34):
Function of this circuit (34) is to provide a trigger pulse to the gate of the AC side regulator (32) to control the output lamp (2) voltage. AC side control device (32), negative comparator circuit (37) and first fixed firing circuit (44) work as output for AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34).

As shown in Figure 32, the AC Side Control Device Gate Triggering Circuit (34) includes:
1. A Resistor R68 and a capacitor C22 which are used for noise filtering of transistor Q11.
2. A Transistor Q11 which is used as a switch and provides the pulse to the gate of the AC side regulator (32)
3. A Resistor R67 which is used to limit the gate current for AC side control device (32)
4. A Diode D21 which is used to protect the gate of AC side regulator (32) from negative voltage.
5. A Resistor R66 and a capacitor C23 which are used for gate noise filtration of AC side regulator (32)
6. A Resistor R54 which is used to limit the base current of transistor Q11.
7. A Diode D19 which is used for reverse voltage protection.

An AC Side Control Device (32):
The function of this circuit (32) is to rectify the ac voltage coming from ACG (1) and to supply voltage to ac side lamp (2) loads. The switching of this ac side control device (32) is controlled in such a way that the output voltage for lamp (2) loads remains within specifications. Lamp (2), negative voltage power supply circuit (46) and AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34) work as input for AC side control device (32). Charge coming from ACG (1) and commutation circuit (43) work as output for AC side control device (32).

As shown in Figure 30, the AC Side Control Device (32) includes SCR S1 which is used as AC side control device. This device rectifies the ac voltage coming from ACG (1) and to supply voltage to ac side lamp (2) loads. The switching of this ac side control device (32) is controlled in such a way that the output voltage for lamp (2) loads remains within specifications.

A first feedback circuit (41):
The function of this circuit (41) is to sense the output at lamp (2) terminal and sends it to the negative differential amplifier circuit (38) so that the lamp (2) voltage can be controlled. Thus, this circuit may be referred to as negative feedback circuit (41). Lamp (2) and negative differential amplifier circuit (38) work as output for negative feedback circuit (41)

As shown in Figure 39, the first feedback circuit (41) includes:
1. A Diode D23 which is used for reverse voltage protection.
2. A Resistor R55 which is used to limit the charging current of capacitor C20.
3. A Resistor R56 which is used to limit current of Zener Z7 and also the charging current of capacitor C20.
4. A Resistor R57 which is used to limit current of Zener Z8 and also the charging current of capacitor C20.
5. A Resistor R58 which is used to limit current of Zener Z9 and also the charging current of capacitor C20.
6. Zeners Z7, Z8, Z9 which are used to increase the charging current of capacitor C20 in lower lamp (2) load conditions.
7. A Capacitor C20 which is used to hold the charge up to a certain voltage level.
8. Resistor R60 and R61 which are used to limit the discharging current of capacitor C20 and to set the charging voltage level of capacitor C20.

A First Reference Voltage Generating Circuit (42):
The function of this circuit (42) is to generate a certain voltage level and apply it to the inverting pin of IC U3B. Thus, the circuit may be referred to as negative reference voltage circuit (42). Negative power supply (46) and negative differential amplifier circuit (38) work as output for negative reference voltage circuit (42).

As shown in Figure 40, the First Reference Voltage Generating Circuit (42) includes:
1. A Zener Z17 which is used to set a certain voltage level
2. A Resistor R62 which is used to limit the current of Zener Z17.
3. A Resistor R64 which is used to limit the charging current of capacitor C19.
4. A Capacitor C19 which is used to provide delay in reference voltage at the time of kick application in vehicle.

A First Power Supply Circuit (46):
Function of this circuit (46) is to provide negative power to various circuits for their operations. Thus, this circuit may be referred to as negative power supply circuit (46). Lamp (2) and charge from ACG (1) work as output for the negative power supply circuit (46).

As shown in Figure 44, the First Power Supply Circuit (46) includes:
1. Resistors R71, R72, R73 which are used to limit current of capacitor C24 and Zeners Z13, Z14.
2. Resistors R74, R75 which are used to limit current of capacitor C24 and Zeners Z13, Z14.
3. A Diode D24 which is used for reverse voltage protection.
4. A Diode D22 which is used for reverse voltage protection.
5. A Capacitor C24 which is used to hold charge and to smoothen the ripples in voltage.
6. Zener Z13, Z14 which are used to regulate the charging voltage of capacitor C24.

A First Clipper Circuit (27)
The function of this circuit (27) is to clip or remove the positive portion of the square wave produced by the inverting circuit (26) and gives it to the Negative ramp generating circuit (20). Thus, the circuit may be referred to as positive clipper circuit (27). Negative power supply circuit (46) and inverting circuit (26) work as output for positive clipper circuit (27). Negative ramp generating circuit (40) works as an input for positive clipper circuit (27).

As shown in Figure 25, the First Clipper Circuit (27) includes: One of the diode from dual diode D16 which is used to clip or remove the positive portion of the square wave produced by the inverting circuit (26) and gives it to the negative ramp generating circuit (40).

Inverting Circuit (26):
The function of this circuit (26) is to invert the output of zero crossing detector circuit (24) and gives it to the negative clipper circuit (21) and positive clipper circuit (27). Zero crossing detector circuit (24), positive power supply (18) and negative power supply (46) work as input for inverting circuit (26). Negative clipper circuit (21) and positive clipper circuit (27) work as output for inverting circuit (26).

As shown in Figure 24, the Inverting Circuit (26) includes:
1. A Resistor R24 which is used to power up the open collector of the output transistor of IC U1B so that a digital wave form can obtained at the output of the IC U1B.
2. IC U1B which is an open collector IC is used as inverting comparator and generates a square wave at the output pin.

Zero Crossing Circuit (24):
The function of this circuit (24) is to convert the AC waveform coming from the ACG (1) into square wave w.r.t. the zero crossing. Charge coming from ACG (1), positive power supply (18) and negative power supply (46) work as input for zero crossing detector circuit (24). Negative clipper circuit (23), positive clipper circuit (25) and inverting circuit (26) work as output for zero crossing detector circuit (24).

As shown in Figure 22, the Zero Crossing Circuit (24) includes:
1. A Resistor R22 which is used to limit the current of Zeners Z15, Z16 and capacitor C7.
2. A Capacitor C7 which is used for noise filtration at input pins of IC U1A.
3. Zener Z15 and Z16 which are used to make a back to back clipping circuit which clip the negative and positive portion of the input ac waveform coming from ACG (1) above the breakdown voltage of the Zeners.
4. A Capacitor C8 which is used for noise filtration at positive power supply pin of IC U1A.
5. A Capacitor C9 which is used for noise filtration at negative power supply pin of IC U1A.
6. A Resistor R23 which is used to power up the open collector of the output transistor of IC U1A so that a digital wave form can obtained at the output of the IC U1A.
7. IC U1A which is an open collector IC is used as zero crossing detector and generates a square wave at the output pin in accordance to the zero crossing of input waveform coming from the ACG (1)

Second Clipper Circuit (25):
The function of this circuit (25) is to clip or remove the positive portion of the square wave produced by the zero crossing detector circuit (24) and gives it to the negative adder circuit (36). Thus, this circuit may be referred to as positive clipper circuit (25). Negative adder circuit (36) works as an input for positive clipper circuit (25). Negative power supply circuit (46), zero crossing detector circuit (24) work as output for the positive clipper circuit (25). As shown in Figure 23, one of the diode from dual diode D15 is used to clip or remove the positive portion of the square wave produced by the zero crossing detector circuit (24) and gives it to the negative adder circuit (36).

Second Power Supply Circuit (18):
The function of this circuit (18) is to provide positive power to outputs circuits for their operations. Thus, this circuit may be referred to as positive power supply circuit (18). Reverse leakage current disable circuit (13) work an input for the positive power supply circuit (18). Zero crossing detector circuit (24), inverting circuit (26), VEE failure protection circuit (22), Reverse battery protection circuit (35), positive differential amplifier circuit (29), positive comparator circuit (28), positive reference limiter (30), positive reference voltage circuit (31) and positive ramp generating circuit (20) work as output for positive power supply circuit (18).

As shown in Figure 16, the Second Power Supply Circuit (18) includes:
1. Resistor R20, R21 which are used to limit the current of Zeners Z2 and Z3.
2. Zener diodes Z2 and Z3 which are used to regulate the voltage.
3. Capacitor C5 which is used for noise filtration.
4. Diode D12 which is used to protect positive power supply circuit (18) from any negative voltage.

Reverse Battery Protection Circuit (35):
When Battery is connected in reverse condition, this circuit (35) keeps the AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34) in off state and resulting in AC side control device (32) remains off. AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34) and negative comparator circuit (37) and negative power supply circuit (46) work as output for reverse battery protection circuit (35). Positive power supply circuit (18) works as an input for reverse battery protection circuit (35).

As shown in Figure 33, the reverse battery protection circuit (35) includes:
1. Resistor R87 and R82 which are used to make voltage divider so that a enough negative voltage at cathode of D27 can be set to trigger the transistor Q13.
2. Diode D27 which is used for reverse voltage protection.
3. Transistor Q13 is used to pull up the voltage of ac side control device gate triggering circuit (34) and disables the triggering of ac side control device gate triggering circuit (34)

First Reverse Recovery Voltage Suppressor Circuit (43):
This circuit (43) is used to commutate the AC side control device (32) by applying a reverse voltage to sweep out the stored minority charges from its junction when there is no lamp (2) load in day condition. Thus, this circuit may also be referred to as commutation circuit (43). The AC side control device (32) work as an input for commutation circuit (43).

As shown in Figure 41, the First Reverse Recovery Voltage Suppressor Circuit (43) includes:
1. Resistor R69 and R70 are used to provide a path to flow of reverse recovery current into AC side control device (32).
2. Diode D25 is used for reverse voltage protection and allows flow of current during only positive half of lamp waveform through resistors R69, R70.

First Rectifying Circuit (33):
The function of this circuit (33) is to rectify the ac voltage coming from ACG (1) and to isolate the fixed firing circuit (44) and negative power supply circuit (46) from positive half cycle of AC waveform coming from ACG (1). Charge coming from ACG (1) is used as output for the rectifying circuit (33). AC side control device (34) and negative power supply circuit (46) are used as input for the rectifying circuit (33).

As shown in Figure 31, diode D22 is used as a rectifier and this rectifies the ac voltage coming from ACG (1) and to isolate the AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34) and negative power supply circuit (46) from positive half cycle of ac waveform coming from ACG (1).

First Fixed Firing Disable Circuit (45):
This circuit (45) disables the fixed firing to AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34). When the voltage level of the negative power supply circuit (46) reaches up to a certain level, this circuit (45) activates and disable the fixed firing to AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34). Fixed firing circuit (44) and negative power supply circuit (46) work as output for the first fixed firing disable circuit (45).

As shown in Figure 43, the First Fixed Firing Disable Circuit (45) includes:
1. A Resistor R77 which is used to limit the base current of transistor Q12 and Zener current Z12.
2. A Resistor R78 which is used to bias the transistor Q12 and for noise filtration.
3. Zener Z12 which is used to set a threshold level of negative power supply circuit at which fixed firing will be disabled.
4. A Transistor Q12 which is used to pull up the voltage of fixed firing circuit (44) and disables the fixed firing. When Zener Z12 breakdowns, this transistor Q12 will turn on and disables the fixed firing.

Second Circuit:

Second Ramp Voltage Generating Circuit (20):
The function of this circuit (20) is to generate positive ramp waveform by constant charging and rapid discharging of capacitor C10. Thus, this circuit may be referred to as positive ramp voltage generating circuit (20). Positive power supply circuit (18), inverting circuit (26) and negative clipper circuit (21) work as input for positive ramp generating circuit (20). Positive adder circuit (19) works as an output for positive ramp generating circuit (20).

As shown in Figure 18, the Second Ramp Voltage Generating Circuit (20) includes:
1. A Transistor Q8 which is used as a control switch which allows constant current flow to charge the capacitor C10.
2. Capacitor C10 which is used to generate a ramp waveform by charging it through constant current and then discharging through transistor Q7.
3. A Resistor R27 which is used to limit the charging current of capacitor C10.
4. Resistor R28 and R29 which are used to make the voltage divider so that a constant current can be flown through resistor R27.
5. A Transistor Q7 which is used to discharge the charged capacitor C10 to generate the ramp waveform.
6. Resistor R30 is used to bias the transistor Q7 and for noise filtration.
7. Resistor R24 is used to limit the base current of transistor Q7.

Second Adder Circuit (19):
The function of this circuit (19) is to add the positive square wave generated by negative clipper circuit (23) and positive ramp wave generating by positive ramp generating circuit (20) and generates a trapezoid waveform. Thus, this circuit may be referred to as positive adder circuit (19). Positive power supply circuit (18), negative clipper circuit (23) and positive ramp generating circuit (20) work as input for positive adder circuit (19). Positive comparator circuit (28) works as an output for the positive adder circuit (19).

As shown in Figure 17, the components of the second adder circuit (19) are Resistor R23 and R26 that are used to make the voltage divider so that the amplitude of square wave in trapezoid output generating by positive adder circuit (19) can be set.

Second Differential Amplifier Circuit (29):
The function of this circuit (29) is to compare the output of positive feedback circuit (17) with output of positive reference voltage circuit (31) and amplify the difference. Thus, this circuit may be referred to as positive differential amplifier circuit (29). The positive power supply (18), positive feedback circuit (17) and positive reference voltage circuit (31) work as input for positive differential amplifier circuit (29). Positive comparator circuit (28) and positive reference limiter (30) work as output for positive differential amplifier circuit (29).

As shown in Figure 27, the Second Differential Amplifier Circuit (29) includes:
1. A Resistor R39 which is used to limit the bias current of non inverting pin of IC U2B.
2. A Resistor R40 which is used to limit the bias current of inverting pin of IC U2B. It also decides the amplifying gain and limits the charging current of capacitor C15.
3. A Capacitor C15 which is used as a feedback capacitor, which decides the amplifying gain and smoothen the difference between the output of positive feedback circuit (17) and the positive reference voltage circuit (31).
4. IC U2B which is used to compare the output of positive feedback circuit (17) with output of positive reference voltage circuit (31) and amplifies the difference.
5. A Diode D17 which is used for reverse voltage protection.

Second Comparator Circuit (28):
The function of this circuit (28) is to compare the trapezoid output waveform of positive adder circuit (19) with reference output waveform of positive differential amplifier circuit (29) and generates a trigger pulse and sends it to DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) for triggering so that the switching of DC side control device (47) can be controlled to maintain battery (3) voltage within specification. Thus, this circuit may be referred to as positive comparator circuit (28). Positive power supply circuit (18), positive adder circuit (19), positive reference limiter (30) and positive differential amplifier circuit (29) work as input for positive comparator circuit (28). DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) works as an output for positive comparator circuit (28).

As shown in Figure 26, the Second Comparator Circuit (28) includes:
1. Resistor R31 is used to limit the bias current of non inverting pin of IC U2A.
2. Resistor R35 is used to limit the bias current of inverting pin of IC U2A.
3. Capacitor C12 is used for noise filtration at power supply pin of IC U2A.
4. Capacitor C13 is used for noise filtration at inverting pin of IC U2A.
5. Resistor R32 is used to limit current for DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7).
6. Diode D18 is used for reverse voltage protection.
7. IC U2A is used to compare the trapezoid output waveform of positive adder circuit (19) at non-inverting pin with reference output waveform of positive differential amplifier circuit (29) at inverting pin and generates a trigger pulse and sends it to DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) for triggering so that the switching of DC side control device can be controlled to maintain battery (3) voltage within specification.

Second Fixed Firing Circuit (6):
This circuit is used to fire the DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) at a fix phase angle when the voltage of bulk capacitor (16) drops to a certain threshold level. Rectifying circuit (5) works as an Input for fixed firing circuit (6). Fixed firing disable circuit (9) and DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) work as an output for fixed firing circuit (6).

As shown in Figure 4, the Second Fixed Firing Circuit (6) includes:
1. Resistor R4, R5, R6 that are used to limit the current of RPM sense circuit (10), fixed firing disable circuit (9) and DC side control device triggering circuit (7).
2. Resistor R7 which is used to limit the current for DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) and fixed firing disable circuit (9).
3. Diode D7 which is used to isolate the DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) from fixed firing disable circuit (9).

DC Side Control Device Gate Triggering Circuit (7):
This circuit (7) is used to provide a trigger pulse to the gate of the DC side control device (47) to control the output battery (3) voltage. Rectifying circuit (5) and positive comparator circuit (28) works as an Input for DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7). DC side regulator (47) works as an output for DC SCR gate triggering circuit (7).

As shown in Figure 5, the DC Side Control Device Gate Triggering Circuit (7) includes:
1. A Resistor R2 and a capacitor C2 which are used for noise filtering of transistor Q1.
2. A Transistor Q1 which is used as a switch and provides the pulse to the gate of the DC side control device (47).
3. A Resistor R3 which is used to limit the gate current for DC side regulator (47).
4. A Diode D1 which is used to protect the gate of DC side regulator (47) from negative voltage.
5. A Resistor R1 and a capacitor C1 which are used for gate noise filtration of DC side control device (47).
6. A Resistor R8 which is used to limit the base current of transistor Q1 and collector current of transistor Q2.
7. A Diode D4 which is used for reverse voltage protection.
8. A Resistor R10 and a capacitor C4 which are used for noise filtering of transistor Q2.
9. A Diode D29 which is used to increase the Vbe of transistor Q2.
10. A Resistor R32 which is used to limit the base current of transistor Q2.
11. A Diode D18 which is used for reverse voltage protection.
12. A Transistor Q2 is used as a switch which conducts first when the firing pulse is applied to its base and then base current of transistor Q1 flows through Q2. DC voltage control depends entirely on the switching of this transistor.

DC side control device (47):
The function of this circuit (32) is to rectify the AC voltage coming from ACG (1) and to supply voltage to dc side loads like Battery (3), FI loads (4). The switching of this DC side control device (47) is controlled in such a way that the output voltage for battery (3) remains within specifications. Charge coming from ACG (1) and DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) work as input for DC side control device (47). Battery (3) works as an output for DC side control device (47). As shown in Figure 45, SCR S2 is used as DC side control device (47). This device rectifies the AC voltage coming from ACG (1) and to supply voltage to DC side loads like Battery (3), FI loads (4). The switching of this DC side control device (47) is controlled in such a way that the output voltage for battery (3) remains within specifications.

Second Feedback Circuit (17):
The function of this circuit (17) is to sense the output of reverse leakage current disable circuit (13) and send it to the positive differential amplifier circuit (29) so that the Battery (3) voltage and Bulk capacitor (16) voltage can be controlled. Thus, this circuit may be referred to as positive feedback circuit (17). Reverse leakage current disable circuit (13) work an input for positive feedback circuit (17). Positive differential amplifier circuit (29) work as an output for positive feedback circuit (17).

As shown in Figure 15, the second feedback circuit (17) includes:
1. A Diode D13 which is used for reverse voltage protection to positive differential amplifier circuit (29).
2. Resistor R36, R37, R38 which are used to make voltage divider to set a threshold voltage at the non inverting pin of the positive differential amplifier circuit (29).
3. A Capacitor C11 which is used for noise filtration.

Second Reference Voltage Generating Circuit (31):
The function of this circuit (31) is to generate a certain voltage level and apply it to the inverting pin of IC U2B. Therefore this circuit is referred to as positive reference voltage generating circuit (31). Positive power supply (18) works as an input for positive reference voltage circuit (31). Positive differential amplifier circuit (29) work as output for positive reference voltage circuit (31).

As shown in Figure 29, the Second reference voltage generating circuit (31) includes:
1. Resistors R41 and R81 that are used to make a voltage divider to set a certain voltage level.
2. Capacitor C14 which is used for noise filtration.

Third Clipper Circuit (21):
The function of this circuit (21) is to clip or remove the negative portion of the square wave produced by the inverting circuit (26) and gives it to the positive ramp generating circuit (20). Thus, this circuit may be called as negative clipper circuit (21). Positive power supply circuit (18), inverting circuit (26) work as input for negative clipper circuit (21). Positive ramp generating circuit (20) works as an output for negative clipper circuit (21). As shown in Figure 19, one of the diode from dual diode D16 is used as the third clipper circuit to clip or remove the negative portion of the square wave produced by the inverting circuit (26) and gives it to the positive ramp generating circuit (20).

Fourth Clipper Circuit (23):
The function of this circuit (23) is to clip or remove the negative portion of the square wave produced by the zero crossing detectors (24) and gives it to the positive adder circuit (19). Thus, this circuit may be referred to as negative clipper circuit (23). Positive power supply circuit (18), zero crossing detector circuit (24) work as input for the negative clipper circuit (23). Positive adder circuit (19) works as an output for negative clipper circuit (23). As shown in Figure 21, one of the diode from dual diode D15 is used as the Fourth Clipper circuit (23) to clip or remove the negative portion of the square wave produced by the zero crossing detector circuit (24) and gives it to the positive adder circuit (19).

Negative Power (VEE) Failure Protection Circuit (22):
The function of this circuit (22) is to disable the DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) in case of negative power supply VEE (46) failure. Positive power supply circuit (18), negative power supply circuit (46), DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) and positive comparator circuit (28) work as inputs for VEE failure protection circuit (22). As shown in Figure 20, the Negative Power (VEE) Failure Protection Circuit (22) includes:
1. Resistor R14 is used to make a voltage divider circuit to turn on the transistor Q4 in case of negative power supply circuit (46) VEE failure.
2. Diode D28 is used to protect the reverse current flow into the transistor base.
3. Transistor Q4 is used to pull down the output of the positive comparator (28) so that the DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) can be kept in off state condition in case of negative power supply circuit (46) failure.

Reverse Battery Protection Circuit (11):
When Battery is connected in reverse condition, this circuit (11) keeps the DC side control device gate triggering circuit in off state and resulting in DC side control device (47) remains off. DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) and Rectifying circuit (12) work as output for Reverse Battery Protection Circuit (11). As shown in Figure 9, the reverse battery protection circuit (11) includes:
1. A Resistor R11 which is used to limit the Diode D8 current and collector current of Q3.
2. A Resistor R12 which is used to limit the base current of transistor Q3.
3. A Resistor R13 which is used to bias the transistor Q3 and for noise filtration.
4. A Transistor Q3 which is used as a switch which will switch ON in reverse battery condition only. This transistor ensures that no current will flow through resistor R11 in any normal case except reverse battery condition.
5. A Diode D8 which maintains -0.7V at the cathode of diode D29 connected in DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) and forces the DC side control device triggering circuit (7) into off state in reverse battery condition.

Second Rectifying Circuit (12):
The function of this rectifying circuit (12) is to provide a path to current flow for commutation circuit (8) and reverse battery protection circuit (11). Commutation circuit (8) and reverse battery protection circuit (11) work as inputs for rectifying circuit (12). DC side control device (47) work as an output for Rectifying circuit (12). As shown in Figure 10, Diode D6 (600V and 1A) is used as the rectifying circuit (12) to provide a path to current flow for commutation circuit (8) and reverse battery protection circuit (11).
Second Reverse Recovery Voltage Suppressor Circuit (8):
This circuit (8) is used to commutate the DC side control device (47) by applying reverse voltage to sweep out the stored minority charges from its junction when there is no load on battery terminal in absence of Battery (3). Thus, this circuit may be referred to as commutation circuit (8). Rectifying circuit (12) and DC side control device work as an output for commutation circuit (8). As shown in Figure 6, Resistor R16 and R17 are used to provide a path to flow of reverse recovery current into the DC side control device (47) and thereby act as Second Reverse Recovery Voltage Suppressor Circuit (8). A capacitor C31 is provided so as to be in parallel to the Resistors R16 and R17 which further suppresses the voltage spike.

Third Rectifying Circuit (5):
Charge coming from ACG (1) works as an Input for the rectifying circuit (5). This circuit comprises of a rectifier diode which rectifies the AC voltage coming from ACG (1) into positive voltage. This rectifier diode also protects the fixed firing circuit (6) and DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) form negative voltage. As shown in Figure 3, Diode D2 is used to rectify the AC voltage coming from ACG (1) into positive voltage and also protects the fixed firing circuit (6) and DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) form negative voltage.

Second Fixed Firing Disable Circuit (9):
This circuit (9) disables the fixed firing to DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7). When the voltage at the output of reverse leakage circuit (13) goes high of a certain threshold level, this circuit (9) activates and disables the fixed firing to the DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7). Fixed firing circuit (6) and reverse leakage current disable circuit work as inputs for fixed firing disable circuit (9). As shown in Figure 7, the Second Fixed Firing Disable Circuit (9) includes:
1. A Resistor R86 which is used for biasing of transistor Q1 and for noise filtration.
2. A Transistor Q15 which is used to disable the fixed firing to DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7). This transistor Q1 pulls down the fixed firing pulse.
3. A resistor R85 which is used to limit the base current of transistor Q1.
4. A Zener diode Z4 which is used to set a threshold level at which transistor Q1 to be switched ON.
5. A Diode D7 which is used to isolate the fixed firing disable circuit (9) from the output of positive comparator circuit (28). Otherwise when the transistor Q15 will be switched ON, it will pull down the output pulse of positive comparator circuit (28) along with the fixed firing pulse and resulting in no gate triggering of DC side control device.

Fourth Rectifying Circuit (48):
As shown in Figure 46, the third rectifying circuit comprises a diode D9.

FI Sense Circuit (15):
FI sense circuit (15) is used to sense the level of bulk capacitor (16) in absence of battery (3) so that the voltage of bulk capacitor can be maintained within the specified limits. Bulk capacitor (16) is used as an input for FI sense circuit (15). As shown in Figure 13, Diode D10 is used to sense the level of bulk capacitor (16) in absence of battery (3) so that the voltage of bulk capacitor can be maintained within the specified limits.

Bulk Capacitor (16):
As shown in Figure 14, the Bulk capacitor (16) comprises of capacitors C6 and C27. The function of Bulk capacitor (16) is to provide enough supply voltage to FI loads in absence of battery (3). Capacitors C6 and C27 are used to provide enough supply voltage to FI loads in absence of battery (3). Two capacitors used to increase the ripple current rating so that high FI load can be served. Rectifying circuit (14) work as an input for Bulk capacitor (16). FI loads (4) and FI Sense Circuit (15) work as an output for Bulk capacitor (16)

Fifth Rectifying Circuit (14):
The function of this rectifying circuit (14) is to isolate the bulk capacitor (16) from Battery positive terminal in absence of Battery (3). This circuit (14) also protects the bulk capacitor (16) in reverse battery condition. Bulk capacitor (16) and FI loads (4) work as output for rectifying circuit (14). DC side control device (47) and Battery (3) work as input for rectifying circuit (14). As shown in Figure 12, Power diode D11 (600V, 10A average, TO-220 package) is used to isolate the bulk capacitor (16) from Battery positive terminal in absence of Battery (3). This circuit (14) also protects the bulk capacitor (16) in reverse battery condition.
RPM Sense Circuit (10):
This circuit (10) senses the RPM through fixed firing circuit (6) when the ACG rotates. Fixed firing circuit (6) and reverse leakage current disable circuit work as inputs for RPM sense circuit (10). As shown in Figure 8, the RPM Sense Circuit (10) includes:
1. A Zener Z1 which is used to regulate the charging voltage of capacitor C3.
2. A Diode D3 which is used to avoid the capacitor C3 discharging through other paths.
3. A Resistor R84 which is used to limit the base current of transistor Q14.
4. A Resistor R83 which is used to bias the transistor Q14 and for noise filtration.

Reverse Leakage Current Disable Circuit (13):
The function of this reverse leakage current disable circuit (13) is to cease the reverse leakage current driven by Battery (3) in stand still condition i.e. when ACG (1) RPM is zero. Once the ACG (1) rotates, the RPM sense circuit (10) receives signal from ACG and turned ON this circuit (13). Rectifying circuit (48) and FI sense circuit (15) work as input for reverse leakage current disable circuit (13). RPM sense circuit (10), fixed firing disable circuit (9), positive power supply circuit (18) and positive feedback circuit (17) work as output for reverse leakage current disable circuit (13). As shown in Figure 11, the Reverse Leakage Current Disable Circuit (13) includes:
1. A Transistor Q6 which is used as a switch, which is switched ON when the RPM sense circuit (10) receives signal from ACG (1).
2. A Resistor R18 which is used for base biasing of transistor Q6.
3. A Resistor R19 which is used to limit the base current of transistor Q6.

First Reference Limiter Circuit (30):
The function of this circuit (30) is to generate and apply a certain voltage level to the reference output voltage of positive differential amplifier circuit (29) so that its output can never go below that certain voltage level in any condition. Thus, this circuit may be referred to as positive reference limiter (30). Positive power supply (18) works as an input for positive reference limiter circuit (30). Positive comparator circuit (28) and negative differential amplifier (29) work as output for positive reference limiter (30). As shown in Figure 28, the First Reference Limiter Circuit (30) includes:
1. Resistors R33 and R34 are used to make a voltage divider to set a certain voltage level.
2. Resistor R79 is used to limit the output current of IC U2B.

Second Reference Limiter Circuit (39):
The function of this circuit (39) is to generate and apply a certain voltage level to the reference output voltage of negative differential amplifier circuit (38) so that its output can never go below that certain voltage level in any condition. Thus, this circuit may be referred to as negative reference limiter circuit (30). Negative power supply (46), negative comparator circuit (37) and negative differential amplifier circuit (38) work as output for negative reference limiter circuit (39). As shown in Figure 37, the second reference limiter circuit (39) includes:
1. Resistors R50 and R51 are used to make a voltage divider to set a certain voltage level.
2. Resistor R52 is used to limit the output current of IC U3B.

For the purposes of illustration, Figure 2 shows the complete circuit diagram of the lamp lighting, battery charging and FI load charging apparatus comprising the first circuit and the second circuit. Since the components of the circuit diagram of the lamp lighting, battery charging and FI load charging apparatus has been described, Figure 2 is not being explained.

The drawings the foregoing descriptions give examples of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that one or more of the described elements may well be combined into a single functional element. Alternatively certain elements may be split into multiple functional elements. Elements from one embodiment may be added to another embodiment. For example, orders of process described herein may be changed and are not limited to the manner described herein. Moreover the actions of any flow diagram need not be implemented in the order shown; nor do all of the acts necessarily need to be performed. In addition, those acts that are not dependent on other acts may be performed in parallel with the other acts. The scope of embodiments is by no means limited by these specific examples. The scope of embodiments is at least as broad as the following claims.

While certain embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described herein, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto. Clearly, the invention may be otherwise variously embodied and practiced within the scope of the following claims.
,CLAIMS:We Claim:

1. A circuit for generating DC voltage corresponding to every negative half cycle of full waveform input AC voltage generated by an alternating current generator (1) and providing the DC voltage to a lamp load (2), the circuit comprising:
• a first trapezoid voltage generating circuit (40, 36) for generating a first trapezoid voltage;
• a first differential amplifier circuit (38) for generating a differential voltage by comparing a first reference voltage with a first feedback voltage;
• a first comparator circuit (37) for comparing the trapezoid voltage generated by the first trapezoid voltage generating circuit (40, 36) with the differential voltage generated by the first differential amplifier circuit (38) and generating a pulse width modulated waveform having a varying width;
• a first fixed firing circuit (44) for generating a first fixed firing angle trigger pulse having a predetermined fixed value when at least one predetermined condition is satisfied;
• a AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34) receiving (a) the pulse width modulated waveform OR (b) the first fixed firing angle trigger pulse and providing as output one of the first fixed firing angle trigger pulse as received from the first fixed firing circuit (44) or a variable firing angle trigger pulse whose pulse width depends upon the pulse width modulated waveform; and
• a AC side control device (32) operably connected between the alternating current generator (1) and the lamp load (2), the AC side control device (32) receiving one of the variable firing angle trigger pulse or the first fixed firing angle trigger pulse from the AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34) and generating DC voltage corresponding to every negative half cycle of the full waveform input AC voltage.

2. The circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first differential amplifier circuit (38) generating differential voltage is operatively connected to a first feedback circuit (41) generating the first feedback voltage and a first reference voltage generating circuit (42) for generating a first reference voltage.

3. The circuit as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first reference voltage generating circuit (42) is connected to a first power supply circuit (46) for generating the first reference voltage of a predetermined magnitude.

4. The circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first trapezoid voltage generating circuit (40, 36) comprises a first ramp voltage generating circuit (40) coupled to a first adder circuit (36).

5. The circuit as claimed in claim 4, wherein the first ramp voltage generating circuit (40) is operatively connected to a first clipper circuit (27) and the first power supply circuit (46) for generating the ramp voltage.

6. The circuit as claimed in claim 5, wherein the first clipper circuit (27) is operatively connected to an inverting circuit (26) to clip a positive portion of an output generated by the inventing circuit.

7. The circuit as claimed in claim 6, wherein the inverting circuit (26) is operatively connected to a zero crossing circuit (24) to invert an output of the zero crossing circuit.

8. The circuit as claimed in claim 4, wherein the first adder circuit (36) is operatively connected to a second clipper circuit (25) and the first ramp voltage generating circuit (40) for generating the trapezoid voltage corresponding to every negative half cycle of the full waveform input AC voltage.

9. The circuit as claimed in claim 8, wherein the second clipper circuit (25) is operatively connected to the zero crossing detector circuit (24) to clip a positive portion of an output generated by the zero crossing detector circuit (24).

10. The circuit as claimed in claim 9, wherein:
• the zero crossing detector circuit (24) is operatively connected to the alternating current generator (1), the first power supply circuit (46) and a second power supply circuit (18) to generate a bi-polar square pulse; and
• the inverting circuit (26) is operatively connected to the zero crossing detector circuit (24), the second power supply circuit (18) and the first power supply circuit (46) for inverting the output of the zero crossing detector (24).

11. The circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34) is further connected to a reverse battery protection circuit (35).

12. The circuit as claimed in claim 11, wherein the reverse battery voltage protection circuit (35) is operatively connected to the AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34),the first power supply circuit (46) and second power supply circuit (18) and disable the AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34) in case of reverse battery condition.

13. The circuit as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first power supply circuit (46) is operatively connected to the lamp load (2), a first reverse recovery voltage suppressor circuit (43) and the alternating current generator (1) via a first rectifying circuit (33).

14. The circuit as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a first fixed firing disable circuit (45) operably connected between the first fixed firing circuit (44) and the AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34), the first fixed firing disable circuit (45) controlling receipt of the first fixed firing angle trigger pulse as output by the first fixed firing circuit (44) by the AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34).

15. The circuit as claimed in claim 12, wherein the first reverse recovery voltage suppressor circuit (43) is operatively connected to the lamp load (2) and AC side control device (32) for suppressing a positive voltage at the lamp terminal.

16. A circuit for generating DC voltage corresponding to every positive half cycle of full waveform input AC voltage generated by an alternating current generator (1) and providing the DC voltage to one or more of a battery load (3) and a fuel injection based load (4), the circuit comprising:
• a second trapezoid voltage generating circuit (19, 20) for generating a second trapezoid voltage;
• a second differential amplifier circuit (29) for generating a differential voltage by comparing a second reference voltage with a second feedback voltage;
• a second comparator circuit (28) for comparing the second trapezoid voltage generated by the second trapezoid voltage generating circuit (19, 20) with the differential voltage generated by the second differential amplifier circuit (29) and generating a pulse width modulated waveform having a variable width;
• a second fixed firing circuit (6) for generating a second fixed firing angle trigger pulse having a predetermined fixed value when at least one predetermined condition is satisfied;
• a DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) receiving (a) the pulse width modulated waveform OR (b) the second fixed firing angle trigger pulse and providing as output one of the second fixed firing angle trigger pulse as received from the second fixed firing circuit (6) or a variable firing angle trigger pulse whose pulse width depends upon the pulse width modulated waveform; and
• a DC side control device (47) operably connected between the alternating current generator (1) and each of the battery load (3) and the fuel injection based load (4), the DC side control device (47) receiving one of the variable firing angle trigger pulse or the second fixed firing angle trigger pulse from the DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) and generating DC voltage corresponding to every positive half cycle of the full waveform input AC voltage.

17. The circuit as claimed in claim 16, wherein the second differential amplifier circuit (29) generating differential voltage is operatively connected to a second feedback circuit (17) generating the second feedback voltage and a second reference voltage generating circuit (31) generating a second reference voltage.

18. The circuit as claimed in claim 17, wherein the second reference voltage generating circuit (31) is connected to a second power supply circuit (18) for generating the second reference voltage of a predetermined magnitude.

19. The circuit as claimed in claim 16, wherein the second trapezoid voltage generating circuit (20, 19) comprises a second ramp voltage generating circuit (20) coupled to a second adder circuit (19).

20. The circuit as claimed in claim 19, wherein the second ramp voltage generating circuit (20) is operatively connected to a third clipper circuit (21) and the second power supply circuit (18) for generating the ramp voltage.

21. The circuit as claimed in claim 20, wherein the third clipper circuit (21) is operatively connected to an inverting circuit (26) to clip a negative portion of an output generated by the inverting circuit .

22. The circuit as claimed in claim 21 wherein the inverting circuit (26) is operatively connected to a zero crossing circuit (24) to invert an output of the zero crossing circuit.

23. The circuit as claimed in claim 19, wherein the second adder circuit (19) is operatively connected to a fourth clipper circuit (23) and the second ramp voltage generating circuit (20) for generating the trapezoid voltage corresponding to every positive half cycle of the full waveform input AC voltage.

24. The circuit as claimed in claim 23, wherein the fourth clipper circuit (23) is operatively connected to the zero crossing detector circuit (24) to clip a negative portion of the output generated by the zero crossing detector circuit.

25. The circuit as claimed in claim 24, wherein:
• the zero crossing detector circuit (24) is operatively connected to alternating current generator (1), the second power supply circuit (18) and a first power supply circuit (46) to generate a bi-polar square pulse; and
• the inverting circuit (26) is operatively connected to the zero crossing detector circuit (24), the second power supply circuit (18) and the first power supply circuit (46) to invert the output of the zero crossing detector.

26. The circuit as claimed in claim 16, wherein the DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) is further connected to a negative power (VEE) failure protection circuit (22) and a reverse battery protection circuit (11).

27. The circuit as claimed in claim 26, wherein the negative power (VEE) failure protection circuit (22) is further operably connected to the second power supply circuit (18) and the first power supply circuit (46)to disable the DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) in case of negative power supply is not built up.

28. The circuit as claimed in claim 26, wherein the reverse battery protection circuit (11)is operably connected to the one or more battery via a second rectifying circuit (12)and disables the DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) in case of reverse battery condition.

29. The circuit as claimed in claim 16, further comprising a second reverse recovery voltage suppressor circuit (8) to commutate the DC side control device (47) by applying reverse voltage to sweep out the stored minority charges from its junction when there is no load on battery terminal or in absence of Battery (3).

30. The circuit as claimed in claim 16, further comprising a third rectifying circuit (5) connected between the alternating current generator (1) and the DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) and between the alternating current generator (1) and the fixed firing circuit (6).

31. The circuit as claimed in claim 16, further comprising a second fixed firing disable circuit (9) operably connected between the second fixed firing circuit (6) and the DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7), the second fixed firing disable circuit (9) controlling receipt of the second fixed firing angle trigger pulse as the second input by the DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7)

32. The circuit as claimed in claim 19, wherein the second power supply circuit (18) is operatively connected to a reverse leakage current disable circuit (13).

33. The circuit as claimed in claim 32, wherein the reverse leakage current disable circuit (13) is further operably connected to:
• the one or more battery via a fourth rectifying circuit (48);
• the FI load via a FI sense circuit (15)to disable the reverse battery current flow when RPM is zero or engine is at stand still condition;
• the second fixed firing circuit (6) via a RPM sense circuit; and
• the second fixed firing disable circuit (9).

34. The circuit as claimed in claim 16, further comprising a bulk capacitor (16) operatively connected to the battery (3) via a fifth rectifying circuit (14), to the FI sense circuit (15) and to the FI loads (4) for supplying supply current to FI loads (4).

35. The circuit as claimed in claim 34, wherein FI sense circuit (15) is operatively connected to bulk capacitor (16) to sense the bulk capacitor voltage in absence of battery so that bulk capacitor voltage can be controlled.

36. The circuit as claimed in claim 34, wherein fifth rectifying circuit (14) is operatively connected to bulk capacitor (16) to protect it in reverse battery condition.

37. A lamp lighting, battery charging and FI load charging apparatus for use in a vehicle comprising an alternating current generator (1) driven by an internal engine generating full waveform input AC voltage, the apparatus being connected between a battery load (3) and the alternating current generator (1), the apparatus being further connected between a lamp load (2) and the alternating current electric generator (1), the apparatus being further connected between a FI load (4) and the alternating current generator (1); the charging apparatus comprising:
• a first circuit comprising:
• a first trapezoid voltage generating circuit (40, 36) for generating a first trapezoid voltage;
• a first differential amplifier circuit (38) for generating a differential voltage by comparing a first reference voltage with a first feedback voltage;
• a first comparator circuit (37) for comparing the trapezoid voltage generated by the first trapezoid voltage generating circuit (40, 36) with the differential voltage generated by the first differential amplifier circuit (38) and generating a pulse width modulated waveform having a varying width;
• a first fixed firing circuit (44) for generating a first fixed firing angle trigger pulse having a predetermined fixed value when at least one predetermined condition is satisfied;
• a AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34) receiving (a) the pulse width modulated waveform OR (b) the first fixed firing angle trigger pulse and providing as output one of the first fixed firing angle trigger pulse as received from the first fixed firing circuit (44) or a variable firing angle trigger pulse whose pulse width depends upon the pulse width modulated waveform; and
• a AC side control device (32) operably connected between the alternating current generator (1) and the lamp load (2), the AC side control device (32) receiving one of the variable firing angle trigger pulse or the first fixed firing angle trigger pulse from the AC side control device gate triggering circuit (34) and generating DC voltage corresponding to every negative half cycle of the full waveform input AC voltage; and
• a second circuit comprising:
• a second trapezoid voltage generating circuit (19, 20) for generating a second trapezoid voltage;
• a second differential amplifier circuit (29) for generating a differential voltage by comparing a second reference voltage with a second feedback voltage;
• a second comparator circuit (28) for comparing the second trapezoid voltage generated by the second trapezoid voltage generating circuit (19, 20) with the differential voltage generated by the second differential amplifier circuit (29) and generating a pulse width modulated waveform having a variable width;
• a second fixed firing circuit (6) for generating a second fixed firing angle trigger pulse having a predetermined fixed value when at least one predetermined condition is satisfied;
• a DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) receiving (a) the pulse width modulated waveform OR (b) the second fixed firing angle trigger pulse and providing as output one of the second fixed firing angle trigger pulse as received from the second fixed firing circuit (6) or a variable firing angle trigger pulse whose pulse width depends upon the pulse width modulated waveform; and
• a DC side control device (47) operably connected between the alternating current generator (1) and each of the battery load (3) and the fuel injection based load (4), the DC side control device (47) receiving one of the variable firing angle trigger pulse or the second fixed firing angle trigger pulse from the DC side control device gate triggering circuit (7) and generating DC voltage corresponding to every positive half cycle of the full waveform input AC voltage.