Claims:We claim that:
The encapsulated technique of removal of arsenic will be a very reliable technique for delivery of the required chemicals for arsenic removal from ground water. This will simply require adding of required quantities of capsules as per amount of water that’s need to be processed for arsenic removal. The capsule can be supplied by government agencies in rural areas or they can be bought from open market. This will create entrepreneurs for production of capsules for removal of arsenic from water. This easy technique will help for arsenic removal as an unskilled person can use it.
Preparation of the capsules
The dissolving time of the capsules were determined by putting empty cases of the capsules in distilled water.
Arsenic from ground water can be removed using NaHCO3 ( 0.1 milligram per litre),5% Kmno4 (0.5 milligram per litre) , and 25% FeCl3.(25 milligram per litre)
The delivery of the chemical needed for removal of Arsenic from the contaminated water is done in specific sequence as required by using three capsules cases one inside the other. The first capsule (outer one) contains 500mg of NaHCO3(C1), the second one (middle one C2) contains 2 drops of 5% Kmno4 adsorbed in neutral chalk powder and the last one( innermost one C3) contains 0.5 ml of 25% FeCl3 also adsorbed in neutral chalk powder. The capsules were used for treating 5 liters of water. Three sizes of capsules were used, outer one capacity 700mg, middle one capacity 200 mg and inner one capacity 100 mg.
The capsules as specified above is sufficient for 5 litre of arsenic contaminated water number and size of the capsules can be modified as per requirement of the user.
The process of Arsenic removal in contaminated ground water.
At the mild alkaline pH conditioned by sodium bicarbonate, ferric chloride coagulate and settle down. The coagulation of Iron, being positively charged as ferric chloride is a Lewis acid, adsorbs negatively charged arsenate ions during the growth of the coagulations and while settling down. Thus, arsenic also settles down along with ferric coagulates and are separated from water.
The role of potassium permanganate is to oxidize arsenic from difficult-to-remove arsenite form to easily removable arsenate form and to oxidize soluble co existing ferrous ion to insoluble ferric state.
Sodium bicarbonate maintains the pH of the water in mild alkaline condition where potassium permanganate itself remains in insoluble manganese dioxide form while oxidizing ferrous ion and arsenite. In acidic solution, potassium permanganate itself would have converted to soluble manganous ions, while oxidizing ferrous ion and arsenite and remain in the treated water, which is unwanted. Manganese dioxide being insoluble settles down along with iron coagulation and thus does not remain in treated water.
Manganese dioxide formed from the potassium permanganate also adsorbs some arsenate ions and helps in arsenic removal.

laboratory analysis
In the laboratory analysis Sodium arsenite is used as test chemical as in natural contamination this chemical is more dangerous for human beings.
Criteria for selection of concentration for laboratory analysis.
Ppb is parts per billion
In field survey maximum concentration found was 900ppb in a contaminated well at Dhemaji District of Assam, India, hence the maximum concentration used for laboratory analysis was 1000ppb, and the other concentrations were 100ppb, 300ppb, 500ppb, and 700ppb.
The solutions were prepared by dissolving required quantities of Sodium arsenite (GR grade) in distilled water. The control was of 1000ppb concentration.
Plastic bottle of capacity of one liter were used for conducting the experiment.
Analysis of collected field samples
Field sample were collected from ground water sources of areas having high concentration of arsenic at Kaliabor Subdivision of Assam, India . Samples from Kulidunga area No 1( Concentration 67 ppb), Kulidunga area No 2( Concentration 48 ppb),, Diju valley( Concentration 69 ppb), Salona ( Concentration 20 ppb) .
Testing of the samples
Periodic samples were tested using Atomic absorption Spectrophotometer .
Results and Discusion.
Table -1 Working Status of filters constructed at Kaliabor subdivision, Assam, India .
Sl No Area/Home where filters were constructed Working condition
1 Kulidunga
Purnima mallick

Unused
2 Kulidunga
LP School Unused
3 Salona Bazar Unused

Table -2 laboratory analysis of the capsulated technique.
Treatment Initial Concentration in ppb Concentration in ppb after Treatment Remarks
1hour 6 hour 24 hours Slightly precipitated

Control 1000 980 960 912
T1 100 Nil Nil Nil
Removed to undetectable levels
T2 300 Nil Nil Nil
T3 500 Nil Nil Nil
T4 700 40 Nil Nil
T5 1000 300 Nil Nil

T1,T2,T3,T4,T5 treatment of ground water using Sodium arsenite. Control is without treatment.
The laboratory results show that for concentration 100ppb, 300ppb and 500ppb(T1,2,3) the concentration of sodium arsenite were removed and precipitated to levels which could not be detected by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Whereas in case of concentrations 700ppb and 1000ppb(T4,5) sodium arsenite was precipitated after 6 hours after treatment of the capsules.
The control showed slight precipitation from 1000ppb to 912 ppb after 24 hours.
Table -3 Analysis of field samples using the capsulated technique.
Sample
collection Area Initial Concentration in ppb Concentration in ppb after Treatment Remarks
1hour 6 hour 24 hours
Salona
Diju valley LP school 67 Nil Nil Nil Removed to undetectable levels
Salona
Bitu Ali Hazarika 20 Nil Nil Nil
Kulidunga
Purnima mallick

69 Nil Nil Nil
Kulidunga
Sonuka mandal 48 Nil Nil Nil

The results of collected field samples show that for concentration initial 67ppb,20ppb, 69ppb and 48 ppb(T1,2,3,4) the concentration of arsenic compounds were removed and precipitated to levels which could not be detected by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

, Description:Preparation of the capsules
The dissolving time of the capsules were determined by putting empty cases of the capsules in distilled water.
Arsenic from ground water can be removed using NaHCO3 ( 0.1 milligram per litre),5% Kmno4 (0.5 milligram per litre) , and 25% FeCl3.(25 milligram per litre)
The delivery of the chemical needed for removal of Arsenic from the contaminated water is done in specific sequence as required by using three capsules cases one inside the other. The first capsule (outer one) contains 500mg ofNaHCO3, the second one (middle one) contains 2 drops of 5% Kmno4 adsorbed in neutral chalk powder and the last one( innermost one) contains 0.5 ml of 25% FeCl3 also adsorbed in neutral chalk powder. The capsules were used for treating 5 liters of water. Three sizes of capsules were used, outer one capacity 700mg, middle one capacity 200 mg and inner one capacity 100 mg.
The capsules as specified above is sufficient for 5 litre of arsenic contaminated water number and size of the capsules can be modified as per requirement of the user.
The process of Arsenic removal in contaminated ground water.
At the mild alkaline pH conditioned by sodium bicarbonate, ferric chloride coagulate and settle down. The coagulation of Iron, being positively charged as ferric chloride is a Lewis acid, adsorbs negatively charged arsenate ions during the growth of the coagulations and while settling down. Thus, arsenic also settles down along with ferric coagulates and are separated from water.
The role of potassium permanganate is to oxidize arsenic from difficult-to-remove arsenite form to easily removable arsenate form and to oxidize soluble co existing ferrous ion to insoluble ferric state.
Sodium bicarbonate maintains the pH of the water in mild alkaline condition where potassium permanganate itself remains in insoluble manganese dioxide form while oxidizing ferrous ion and arsenite. In acidic solution, potassium permanganate itself would have converted to soluble manganous ions, while oxidizing ferrous ion and arsenite and remain in the treated water, which is unwanted. Manganese dioxide being insoluble settles down along with iron coagulation and thus does not remain in treated water.
Manganese dioxide formed from the potassium permanganate also adsorbs some arsenate ions and helps in arsenic removal.

laboratory analysis
In the laboratory analysis Sodium arsenite is used as test chemical as in natural contamination this chemical is more dangerous for human beings.
Criteria for selection of concentration for laboratory analysis.
Ppb is parts per billion
In field survey maximum concentration found was 900ppb in a contaminated well at Dhemaji District of Assam, India, hence the maximum concentration used for laboratory analysis was 1000ppb, and the other concentrations were 100ppb, 300ppb, 500ppb, and 700ppb.
The solutions were prepared by dissolving required quantities of Sodium arsenite (GR grade) in distilled water. The control was of 1000ppb concentration.
Plastic bottle of capacity of one liter were used for conducting the experiment.
Analysis of collected field samples
Field sample were collected from ground water sources of areas having high concentration of arsenic at Kaliabor Subdivision of Assam, India . Samples from Kulidunga area No 1( Concentration 67 ppb), Kulidunga area No 2( Concentration 48 ppb),, Diju valley( Concentration 69 ppb), Salona ( Concentration 20 ppb) .
Testing of the samples
Periodic samples were tested using Atomic absorption Spectrophotometer .
Results and Discusion.
Table -1 Working Status of filters constructed at Kaliabor subdivision, Assam, India .
Sl No Area/Home where filters were constructed Working condition
1 Kulidunga
Purnima mallick

Unused
2 Kulidunga
LP School Unused
3 Salona Bazar Unused

Table -2 laboratory analysis of the capsulated technique.
Treatment Initial Concentration in ppb Concentration in ppb after Treatment Remarks
1hour 6 hour 24 hours Slightly precipitated

Control 1000 980 960 912
T1 100 Nil Nil Nil
Removed to undetectable levels
T2 300 Nil Nil Nil
T3 500 Nil Nil Nil
T4 700 40 Nil Nil
T5 1000 300 Nil Nil

T1,T2,T3,T4,T5 treatment of ground water using Sodium arsenite. Control is without treatment.
The laboratory results show that for concentration 100ppb, 300ppb and 500ppb(T1,2,3) the concentration of sodium arsenite were removed and precipitated to levels which could not be detected by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Whereas in case of concentrations 700ppb and 1000ppb(T4,5) sodium arsenite was precipitated after 6 hours after treatment of the capsules.
The control showed slight precipitation from 1000ppb to 912 ppb after 24 hours.
Table -3 Analysis of field samples using the capsulated technique.
Sample
collection Area Initial Concentration in ppb Concentration in ppb after Treatment Remarks
1hour 6 hour 24 hours
Salona
Diju valley LP school 67 Nil Nil Nil Removed to undetectable levels
Salona
Bitu Ali Hazarika 20 Nil Nil Nil
Kulidunga
Purnima mallick

69 Nil Nil Nil
Kulidunga
Sonuka mandal 48 Nil Nil Nil

The results of collected field samples show that for concentration initial 67ppb,20ppb, 69ppb and 48 ppb(T1,2,3,4) the concentration of arsenic compounds were removed and precipitated to levels which could not be detected by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer