RESERVE POWER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention in general relates to a system for predicting the reserve capacity of a rechargeable battery comprised in a battery-operated device. More particularly the invention relates to a system for managing the reserve power of the battery. Even more particularly the invention relates to a system for managing the reserve power of the battery of an automobile and for extending the travel distance on reserve power.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A battery is an electrochemical device that stores electricity in the form of chemical energy. Through a chemical reaction process the battery creates and releases electricity as needed by the electrical system or devices. By a chemical reaction it produces voltage difference across its terminals and delivers electrical current. The process of storing the energy into a battery is referred to as charging the battery. Conversely the process of removing or using the stored energy from the battery is referred as discharging of the battery. The total amount of the energy which can be stored in a battery i.e. battery's total capacity depends on the type of the battery, temperature of the battery, size, construction & age of the battery. The battery's total capacity is measured in units of ampere-hours (AH). The maximum rated capacity (AHrated) of a battery is defined as the total available capacity based on lowest discharge rate of the said battery.
Batteries are used to supply electrical power to a large number of electrical systems and devices such as battery driven automobiles, Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) systems, shavers, hair cutters, epilation devices, toothbrushes, heaters and other household devices etc.
A battery can either be discharged at a low current over a long time or at a high current for only a short duration. One way to specify the discharge current of a battery is C-rate. It denotes the discharge rate as a fraction of the total battery capacity. It is calculated by dividing the charge or discharge current by the total battery capacity. For example a 30AH battery discharged with a current of 6A will have a C-rate equal to 6A / 30AH=0.2C.

FIG. 1 (referred from a technical handbook by Power Sonic sealed Lead acid batteries) shows the C-rate curves of a battery as function of Voltage (V) and Time (T). At 1C, a 10AH battery (10 hour rate) discharges at 10A in approximately one hour. At 0.1C, the same battery discharges at 1A in more than 10 hours.
It is known that it is desirable to prevent full discharge of the battery before it is recharged. This prevents permanent damage and / or shortened life span of the battery. Battery life is directly related to the depth of discharge (DOD) of a battery. DOD is the percentage of a battery capacity that has been discharged, expressed as a percentage of maximum rated capacity (AHrated)- AHrated is the design parameter of a battery and varies from one type of battery to another. FIG. 2 ( a graph for typical lead acid battery drawn between expected average life cycles and DOD, referred from: www.mpoweruk.com/life.htm#dod) shows that if a battery is discharged to 50% DOD in every cycle and then recharged, it will last about twice as long if it is cycled to 80% DOD. If cycled only 10% DOD, it will last about 5 times as much as one cycled to 50% DOD. In practice in a battery driven system / device the DOD of the battery is restricted to a predetermined value in order to maximize battery life.
Since battery can only store a limited amount of electrical energy, once that energy get exhausted the battery will no longer be able to supply electrical power to the electrical system or device to which it is connected. It is therefore useful to know the remaining battery capacity i.e., how much longer the electrical device or system may be used before reaching the predetermined DOD value. Such a prediction of remaining battery capacity is very desirable information since the user or the system can plan the remaining usage of the battery rather than the device / system operation suddenly being stopped.
US patent number 5,878,831 describes an electrically assisted manual powered bicycle that utilizes a control means whereby the operation of the electric power assist is curtailed when the battery voltage drops below a lower threshold value. The system of this patent however does not measure DOD. It is therefore unable to accurately predict the reserve power of the battery. Further the system does not provide any method for utilizing the reserve power of the battery optimally.

There is therefore need to have a system and method to predict available capacity of a battery. The available capacity of the battery is the capacity upto which the battery can be discharged without affecting the life of the battery (final DOD). This final DOD is a design parameter of the system using the battery and is selected considering the likely usage of the system. The final DOD, by way of example, may be say 80% of the AHrated-
There is also need for a system and method that alerts the user of a battery driven system / device when a reserve DOD is reached. This reserve DOD is less than the final DOD and is selected considering the likely usage of the system. The reserve DOD, by way of example, may be say 60% of the AHrated.
There is further need for a system and method that ensures that battery usage is maximized after the reserve DOD is reached. Also there is a need for a system and method for battery driven automobiles wherein the travel distance is maximized after reserve DOD is reached.
The DOD can be calculated as follows. If the AHrated of the battery is assumed to be 100 AH, then if the discharge current of the battery and the time of discharge is monitored the AH of the battery which is discharged can be calculated, by integrating the current and time value as would be evident to a person skilled in the art. The system can determine when the reserve DOD and final DOD are achieved. This discharge current of the battery can be measured using a current sensor and the time of discharge measured using a timer.
Similarly when the battery is being charged, the charging current and the time of charging can be measured as above.
Based on this C-rate from FIG. 1 the present location may be decided. Hence from FIG. 1 the remaining time may be calculated for the particular discharge C-rate curve.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
One objective of the present invention is a system and method to predict available capacity of a battery. Another objective of the present invention is a system and method that alerts the user of a battery driven system / device when the reserve DOD is reached. Yet another objective of the present invention is a system and method that ensures increased battery usage after the reserve DOD is reached. Another objective of the present invention is a system and

method for battery driven automobiles wherein the travel distance is increased after reserve DOD is reached.
This summary is provided to introduce the selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in detailed description. The summary is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It may be noted that the invention can be embodied in many other ways evident to a person skilled in the art.
An embodiment of the present invention comprises a system adapted for working with one or more battery, each such battery having a reserve DOD and a final DOD. The system comprises a controller; a current sensor adapted to be coupled to the battery and the controller; a voltage sensor adapted to be coupled to the battery and the controller; an alarm coupled to the controller; a power consuming unit coupled to the controller. The power consuming unit is coupled to the controller and adapted to be electrically coupled to battery.
The controller is adapted to receive the instantaneous charging or discharging current of the battery from the current sensor and store the received value in memory as a function of time. The controller is also adapted to receive the instantaneous charging or discharging voltage of the battery from the voltage sensor and store the received value in memory as a function of time.
The controller is adapted to use the instantaneous charging or discharging current of the battery to calculate the C-rate as herein before described.
The controller is also adapted to integrate the instantaneous charging or discharging current over time to calculate the AH value of the battery. In case the battery is in discharging mode and the discharged AH value of the battery equals the AH value of the battery corresponding to the reserve DOD of the battery, the alarm is adapted to be triggered. The alarm is also adapted to be triggered in case the discharged AH value of the battery is more than the AH value of the battery corresponding to the reserve DOD and the battery is in discharging mode.
The triggering of the alarm alerts the system or the user that the battery is now in reserve DOD. The system can either be shut off or operated in appropriate mode (as described in Embodiment 1 below) before the final DOD is reached.
When the final DOD is reached the controller is adapted to switch off power to the power consuming unit in order to conserve battery life as herein before explained.

In another embodiment of the present invention the controller can be adapted to operate the system in appropriate mode after the lapse of a predetermined period of time.
Another embodiment of the present invention comprises the embodiments described hereinbefore and further comprises an acknowledgement unit. The acknowledgement unit is coupled to the controller.
Once the alarm is triggered as described in the previous embodiments the acknowledgement unit may be activated. In case the acknowledgement unit is activated the system is operated in appropriate mode as described hereinbefore. In case the acknowledgement unit is not activated the controller is adapted to switch off power to the power consuming unit either immediately or after predetermined period of time.
Another embodiment of the present invention relates to an automobile adapted for working with one or more battery each such battery having a reserve DOD and a final DOD. The automobile comprises a controller; a current sensor adapted to be coupled to the battery and the controller; a voltage sensor adapted to be coupled to the battery and the controller; an alarm coupled to the controller; a motor coupled to the controller and adapted to be electrically coupled to the battery.
In case the battery is in discharging mode and the discharged AH value of the battery equals AH value of the battery corresponding to the reserve DOD of the battery the alarm is adapted to be triggered. The alarm is also adapted to be triggered in case the discharged AH value of the battery is more than the AH value of the battery corresponding to the reserve DOD and the battery is in discharging mode.
The triggering of the alarm alerts the automobile or the user that the battery is now in reserve DOD. The automobile can either be shut off or operated in appropriate mode.
When the final DOD is reached the controller is adapted to switch off power to the motor in order to conserve battery life as hereinbefore explained.
In another embodiment of the automobile of the previous embodiment may operate in appropriate mode as explained hereinbefore, after the lapse of a predetermined period of time. The predetermined period of time is selected after considering the likely mode of usage of the automobile.

Another embodiment of the present invention comprises the automobiles of the previous embodiments and further comprises an acknowledgement unit.
Once the alarm is triggered as hereinbefore described the acknowledgement unit may be activated. In case the acknowledgement unit is activated the controller is adapted to operate the automobile in appropriate mode immediately. In case the acknowledgement unit is not activated the controller is adapted to switch off power to the motor either immediately or after predetermined period of time.
In yet other embodiments the present invention comprises of methods for managing reserve power of systems and automobiles hereinbefore described.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a graph showing discharge time & cell voltage for different discharging rates.
FIG. 2 is graph showing the relationship between the life cycle & depth of discharge of a typical
lead acid battery.
FIG. 3 A is a block diagram of the first embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3B is a block diagram of the third embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4A is a block diagram of the fourth embodiment of the invention comprising an automobile.
FIG. 4B is a block diagram of the sixth embodiment of the invention comprising an automobile.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
This invention will further be described with reference to the embodiments herein after provided. The embodiments are by way of example only and are the invention can be embodied in many different ways as would be evident to a person skilled in the art.
Embodiment 1
The first embodiment of the system 100 of the present invention, described in FIG. 3A comprises a system 100 adapted for working with one or more battery 101, each such battery having a reserve DOD and a final DOD, the system 100 comprising:

a. a controller 111;
b. a current sensor 121 adapted to be coupled to the battery 101 and the controller
1ll;
c. a voltage sensor 131 adapted to be coupled to the battery 101 and the controller
1ll;
d. an alarm 141 coupled to the controller 111;
e. a power consuming unit 161 coupled to the controller 111;
The battery 101 of the present invention can be any battery known to the art. The battery can be a Lead Acid battery of any type, Lithium ion battery, Nickel Cadmium battery, Nickel Metal Halide battery. These battery types are given by a way of example only and are not intended to be a limitation on the invention.
The reserve DOD and the final DOD of the battery 101 are selected considering the likely usage of the system 100 as herein before described. To give an example if the battery 101 is being used with a shaver, the reserve DOD and final DOD parameters are designed such that they result in a reserve capacity which may be that capacity of the battery which is sufficient to permit the shaver to be used for say 2 minutes before final DOD reached. In case of a vacuum cleaner the reserve capacity may be sufficient to permit the vacuuming of a standard room before final DOD is reached.
The controller 111 of the present embodiment can be a pre-programmed micro-controller or a micro-processor device. The controller 111 of the present invention further comprises a timer and a memory. The memory of the controller 111 should be sufficient to:
i) store the inputs received from the current sensor 121 as a function of time;
ii) store the inputs received from the voltage sensor 131 as a function of time; and
iii) store digitally the battery voltage and discharge time values relevant to the battery 101, a representative sample of which is described in FIG. 1.

The controller 111 is adapted to calculate the DOD of the battery based on the inputs from the current sensor 121 and voltage sensor 131 as herein before described.
The current sensor 121 of the present invention is a standard current sensor such as Hall sensor or any other sensor known to the art. The current sensor 121 is adapted to be coupled in series with the battery 101 and with the controller 111. The current sensor 121 is adapted to be electrically connected to the battery 101 or may be remotely coupled as known to the art. Similarly the current sensor 121 may be electrically connected or remotely coupled to the controller 111.
The voltage sensor 131 of the present invention is a standard voltage sensor known to the art. The voltage sensor 131 is adapted to be coupled in parallel with the battery 101 and with the controller 111. The voltage sensor 131 is adapted to be electrically connected to the battery 101 or may be remotely coupled as known to the art. Similarly the voltage sensor 131 may be electrically connected or remotely coupled to the controller 111.
The alarm 141 of the present invention can be an audio alarm like a standard buzzer or beeper. The alarm 141 can also be a standard visual indicator like a light emitting diode (LED) or a blinking lamp. Alternately the alarm 141 can be an integrated audio and visual alarm.
The alarm 141 may be electrically connected to the controller 111 or may be remotely coupled as known to the art.
The system 100 comprises a power consuming unit 161 such as a motor or heating element or any other element known to the art. The power consuming unit 161 may be comprised in systems and devices such as battery driven automobiles, Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) systems, shavers, hair cutters, epilation devices, toothbrushes, heaters and other household devices etc.
The power consuming unit 161 is coupled to the controller 111 and adapted to be electrically coupled to battery 101.
The controller 111 is adapted to receive the instantaneous charging or discharging current of the battery 101 from the current sensor 121 and store the received value in memory as a function of time.

The controller 111 is also adapted to receive the instantaneous charging or discharging voltage of the battery 101 from the voltage sensor 131 and store the received value in memory as a function of time.
The controller 111 is adapted to use the instantaneous charging or discharging current of the battery 101 to calculate the C-rate as herein before described.
The controller 111 is also adapted to integrate the instantaneous charging or discharging current over time to calculate the AH value of the battery 101.
In case the battery 101 is in discharging mode and the discharged AH value of the battery 101 equals the AH value of the battery 101 corresponding to the reserve DOD of the batterylOl, the alarm 141 is adapted to be triggered. The alarm 141 is also adapted to be triggered in case the discharged AH value of the battery 101 is more than the AH value of the battery 101 corresponding to the reserve DOD and the battery 101 is in discharging mode.
The triggering of the alarm 141 alerts the system 100 or the user that the battery 101 is now in reserve DOD. The system 100 can either be shut off or operated in power saving mode or operated on a predetermined C-curve which is different from the C-curve of the power saving mode.
Power saving mode for the purpose of this invention means the controller 111 is adapted to switch the battery 101 on to the minimum C-curve on which the system 100 can still operate as explained hereinafter. Once the battery 101 reaches the reserve DOD the controller 111 is adapted to determine the C-curve (a representative example of which is FIG. 1) on which the battery 101 is operating. As explained herein before, the battery 101 can be operated for a longer period of time, if it operates on a lower C-curve. The minimum C-curve on which the battery 101 can be operated depends on the power requirement of system 100.
The operation of the system 100 in either the power saving mode or on the different C-curve, as above, are collectively referred to as operation in appropriate mode.
When the final DOD is reached the controller 111 is adapted to switches off power to the power consuming unit 161 in order to conserve battery life as herein before explained.
Embodiment 2

In another embodiment of the present invention the controller 111 can be adapted to operate the system 100 in appropriate mode after the lapse of a predetermined period of time. This mode of operation permits the normal operation of the system 100 for some time before the appropriate mode is invoked. This mode of operation is useful say, in case the system 100 is unlikely to be immediately used after the predetermined period of time. The predetermined period of time is selected after considering the likely mode of usage of the system 100.
Embodiment 3
Another embodiment of the present invention, described in FIG. 3B comprises a system 100 adapted for working with one or more battery 101, each such battery having a reserve DOD and a final DOD, the system 100 comprising:
a. a current sensor 121 adapted to be coupled to the battery 101 and the controller
ill;
b. a voltage sensor 131 adapted to be coupled to the battery 101 and the controller
ill;
c. an alarm 141 coupled to the controller 111;
d. a power consuming unit 161 coupled to the controller 111;
e. an acknowledgement unit 171 coupled to the controller 111;
The battery 101, controller 111, current sensor 121, voltage sensor 131, alarm 141 and power consuming unit 161 of this embodiment are of the same type and coupled as described in the previous embodiments.
The reserve DOD and the final DOD of the system 100 of this embodiment are design parameters of the system using the battery and are selected considering the likely usage of the system 100 as described in the previous embodiment.
The acknowledgment unit 171 of this embodiment can be an acknowledgement switch, or any other data input device. The acknowledgement unit 171 is coupled to the controller 111. The acknowledgement unit 171 may be electrically connected or may be remotely coupled as known to the art.
In case the battery 101 is in discharging mode and the AH value of the battery 101 equals the AH value of the battery 101 corresponding to the reserve DOD of the battery 101 the alarm

141 is adapted to be triggered. The alarm 141 is also adapted to be triggered in case the AH value of the battery 101 is more than AH value of the battery 101 corresponding to the reserve DOD and the battery 101 is in discharging mode.
The triggering of the alarm 141 alerts the system 100 or the user that the battery 101 is now in reserve DOD. Once the alarm 141 is triggered the acknowledgement unit 171 may be activated. In case the acknowledgement unit 171 is activated the controller 111 is adapted to operate the system 100 in appropriate mode as described in Embodiment 1.
In case the acknowledgement unit 171 is not activated the controller 111 is adapted to switch off power to the power consuming unit 161 either immediately or after predetermined period of time.
When the final DOD is reached the controller 111 is adapted to switch off power to the power consuming unit 161 as in the previous embodiments.
Embodiment 4
Another embodiment of the present invention, described in FIG. 4A relates to an automobile 200 adapted for working with one or more battery 201, each such battery having a reserve DOD and a final DOD, the automobile 200 comprising:
a. a controller 211;
b. a current sensor 221 adapted to be coupled to the battery 201 and the controller
211;
c. a voltage sensor 231 adapted to be coupled to the battery 201 and the controller
211;
d. an alarm 241 coupled to the controller 211;
e. a motor 261 coupled to the controller 211;
The automobile 200 of this embodiment can be an automobile operating on an electric motor only or a hybrid system comprising an electric motor. The automobile can have a plurality of wheels. Specifically the automobile can be a four wheeler, a three wheeler or a two wheeler.

The battery 201, controller 211, current sensor 221, voltage sensor 231 and alarm 241 of this embodiment are of the same type and coupled as described in the previous embodiments.
The motor 261 of the present embodiment can be an AC motor, brushless DC motor, brushed DC motor, or any other type of motor which is generally used in vehicular applications as known to the person skilled in the art. The motor 261 can be of any size or power rating.
The motor 261 is coupled to the controller 211 and adapted to be electrically coupled to battery 201.
The reserve DOD and the final DOD of the battery 201 are selected considering the likely usage of the automobile 200. To give an example the reserve DOD and final DOD parameters are designed such that they result in a reserve capacity which may be that capacity of the battery 201 which is sufficient to permit the automobile 200 to travel a distance of say 1 kilometer, considering a predetermined terrain and predetermined load, before final DOD reached. Alternately the reserve capacity may be that capacity of the battery 201 which is sufficient to permit usage of the automobile 200 for say 3 minutes at a predetermined speed, considering a predetermined terrain and predetermined load.
In case the battery 201 is in discharging mode and the discharged AH value of the battery 201 equals AH value of the battery 201 corresponding to the reserve DOD of the battery 201 the alarm 241 is adapted to be triggered. The alarm 241 is also adapted to be triggered in case the discharged AH value of the battery 201 is more than the AH value of the battery 201 corresponding to the reserve DOD and the battery 201 is in discharging mode.
The triggering of the alarm 241 alerts the automobile 200 or the user that the battery 201 is now in reserve DOD. The automobile 200 can either be shut off or operated in appropriate mode as described in Embodiment 1 above, before the final DOD is reached.
When the final DOD is reached the controller 211 is adapted to switch off power to the motor 261 in order to conserve battery life as herein before explained.
Embodiment 5
In another embodiment of the present invention, Embodiment 4 may operate in appropriate mode after the lapse of a predetermined period of time. This mode of operation permits the normal operation of the automobile 200 for some time before the appropriate mode is

invoked. The predetermined period of time is selected after considering the likely mode of usage of the automobile 200. A representative predetermined period of time may be approximately 3
minutes.
Embodiment 6
Another embodiment of the present invention described in FIG. 4B relates to an automobile 200 adapted for working with one or more battery 201, each such battery having a reserve DOD and a final DOD, the automobile 200 comprising:
a. a controller 211;
b. a current sensor 221 adapted to be coupled to the battery 201 and the controller
211;
c. a voltage sensor 231 adapted to be coupled to the battery 201 and the controller
211;
d. an alarm 241 coupled to the controller 211;
e. a motor 261 coupled to the controller 211;
f. an acknowledgement unit 271 coupled to the controller 211;
The battery 201, controller 211, current sensor 221, voltage sensor 231, alarm 241 and motor 261 of this embodiment are of the same type and coupled as described in the Embodiments 4.
The reserve DOD and the final DOD of the automobile 200 of this embodiment are selected as in the previous Embodiments 4.
The acknowledgment unit 271 of this embodiment can be an acknowledgement switch, or any other data input device. The acknowledgement unit 271 is coupled to the controller 211. The acknowledgement unit 271 may be electrically connected or may be remotely coupled as known to the art.
In case the battery 201 is in discharging mode and the AH value of the battery 201 equals the AH value of the battery 201 corresponding to the reserve DOD of the battery 201 the alarm 241 is adapted to be triggered. The alarm 241 is also adapted to be triggered in case the AH value

of the battery 201 is more than the AH value of the battery 201 corresponding to the reserve DOD and the battery 201 is in discharging mode.
The triggering of the alarm 241 alerts the automobile 200 or the user that the battery 201 is now in reserve DOD. Once the alarm 241 is triggered the acknowledgement unit 271 may be activated. In case the acknowledgement unit 271 is activated the controller 211 is adapted to operate the automobile 200 in appropriate mode as described in Embodiment 4, before the final DOD is reached.
In case the acknowledgement unit 271 is not activated the controller 211 is adapted to switch off power to the motor 261 either immediately or after predetermined period of time.
When the final DOD is reached the controller 211 is adapted to switch off power to the motor 261 as in the previous embodiments.
Embodiment 7
In yet another embodiment the present invention comprises a method for managing reserve power. The method comprises the steps of:
1. providing a system of the type more particularly described in Embodiment 1;
2. the controller 111 receiving input from the current sensor 121 and voltage sensor 131;
3. the controller 111 determining DOD of the battery 101;
4. triggering the alarm 141 when the reserve DOD value is reached; and
5. the controller 111 switching off power supply from the battery 101 to the power consuming unit 161 when the final DOD is reached.
Embodiment 8
Another embodiment of the present invention comprises Embodiment 7 and further comprises the step of operating the power consuming unit 161 in appropriate mode after the alarm 141 is triggered.
Embodiment 9

An embodiment of the present invention comprises Embodiment 8 and further comprises the step of operating the power consuming unit 161 in appropriate mode after lapse of predetermined time.
Embodiment 10
In another embodiment the present invention comprises a method for managing reserve power. The method comprises the steps of:
1. providing a system of the type more particularly described in Embodiment 3;
2. the controller 111 receiving input from the current sensor 121 and voltage sensor 131;
3. the controller 111 determining DOD of the battery 101;
4. triggering the alarm 141 when the reserve DOD value is reached;
5. operating the power consuming unit 161 in appropriate mode immediately after an acknowledgement unit 171 is activated; or
6. switching off the power supply from the battery 101 immediately or after a predetermined time in case the acknowledgement unit 171 is not activated.
Embodiment 11
An embodiment of the present invention comprises a method for managing reserve power of an automobile 200, the method comprising the steps of:
1. providing an automobile 200 of the type more particularly described in Embodiment 4 above;
2. the controller 211 receiving input from the current sensor 221 and voltage sensor 231;
3. the controller 211 determining DOD of the battery 201;
4. triggering the alarm 241 when the reserve DOD value is reached; and
5. the controller 211 switching off power supply from the battery 201 to the motor 261 when the final DOD is reached.

Embodiment 12
Another embodiment of the present invention comprises Embodiment 11 and further comprises the step of operating the motor 261 in appropriate mode after the alarm 241 is triggered.
Embodiment 13
An embodiment of the present invention comprises Embodiment 12 and further comprises the step of operating the motor 261 in appropriate mode after lapse of predetermined time. The predetermined time in one implementation of the present invention can be about 3 minutes.
Embodiment 14
An embodiment of the present invention comprises a method for managing reserve power of an automobile 200, the method comprising the steps of:
1. providing an automobile 200 of the type more particularly described in Embodiment 6 above;
2. the controller 211 receiving input from the current sensor 221 and voltage sensor 231;
3. the controller 211 determining DOD of the battery 201;
4. triggering the alarm 241 when the reserve DOD value is reached;
5. operating the motor 261 in appropriate mode immediately after an acknowledgement unit 271 is activated; or
6. switching off the power supply from the battery 201 immediately or after a predetermined time in case the acknowledgement unit 271 is not activated.

I/We claim:
1. A system 100 adapted for working with one or more battery 101, each such battery
having a reserve DOD and a final DOD, the system 100 comprising:
a. a controller 111;
b. a current sensor 121 adapted to be coupled to the battery 101 and the controller
Hi;
c. a voltage sensor 131 adapted to be coupled to the battery 101 and the controller
ill;
d. an alarm 141 coupled to the controller 111;
e. a power consuming unit 161 coupled to the controller 111;
wherein
a. the controller 101 is adapted to receive input from the current sensor 121, voltage
sensor 131;
b. the controller 111 is adapted to determine DOD of the battery 101;
c. the alarm 141 is adapted to be triggered when the reserve DOD value is reached;
and
d. the controller 111 adapted to switch off power supply from the battery 101 to the
power consuming unit 161 when the final DOD is reached.
2. The system 100 of claim 1, wherein the power consuming unit 161 is a motor.
3. The system 100 of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein after the alarm 141 is triggered the power consuming unit 161 operates in appropriate mode.
4. The system 100 of claim 3, wherein the power consuming unit 161 operates in appropriate mode after lapse of predetermined time.

5. A system 100 adapted for working with one or more battery 101, each such battery
having a reserve DOD and a final DOD, the system 100 comprising:
a. a current sensor 121 adapted to be coupled to the battery 101 and the controller
1ll;
b. a voltage sensor 131 adapted to be coupled to the battery 101 and the controller
1ll;
c. an alarm 141 coupled to the controller 111;
d. a power consuming unit 161 coupled to the controller 111;
e. an acknowledgement unit 171 coupled to the controller 111;
wherein
a. the controller 111 is adapted to receive input from the current sensor 121, voltage
sensor 131;
b. the controller 111 is adapted to determine DOD of the battery 101;
c. the alarm 141 is adapted to be triggered when the reserve DOD value is reached;
d. the power consuming unit 161 operates in appropriate mode immediately after the
acknowledgement unit 171 is activated; or
e. the controller 111 is adapted to switch off power supply from the battery 101 to
the power consuming unit 161 immediately or after a predetermined time in case
the acknowledgement unit 171 is not activated.
6. The system 100 of claim 5, wherein the power consuming unit 161 is a motor.
7. The system 100 of claim 5, wherein the acknowledgement unit 171 is an acknowledgement switch or any other data input device.
8. An automobile 200 adapted for working with one or more battery 201, each such battery having a reserve DOD and a final DOD, the automobile 200 comprising:
a. a controller 211;

b. a current sensor 221 adapted to be coupled to the battery 201 and the controller
211;
c. a voltage sensor 231 adapted to be coupled to the battery 201 and the controller
211;
d. an alarm 241 coupled to the controller 211;
e. a motor 261 coupled to the controller 211;
wherein
a. the controller 211 is adapted to receive input from the current sensor 221, voltage
sensor 231;
b. the controller 211 is adapted to determine DOD of the battery 201;
c. the alarm 241 is adapted to be triggered when the reserve DOD value is reached;
and
d. the controller 211 adapted to switch off power supply from the battery 201 to the
motor 261 when the final DOD is reached.
9. The automobile 200 of claim 8, wherein after the alarm is triggered the motor 261 operates in appropriate mode.
10. The automobile 200 of claim 9, wherein the motor 261 operates in appropriate mode after lapse of predetermined time.
11. The automobile 200 of claim 10, wherein the predetermined time is approximately 3 minutes.
12. An automobile 200 adapted for working with one or more battery 201, each such battery having a reserve DOD and a final DOD, the automobile 200 comprising:
a. a controller 211;
b. a current sensor 221 adapted to be coupled to the battery 201 and the controller
211;

c. a voltage sensor 231 adapted to be coupled to the battery 201 and the controller
211;
d. an alarm 241 coupled to the controller 211;
e. a motor 261 coupled to the controller 211;
g. an acknowledgement unit 271 coupled to the controller 211;
wherein
a. the controller 211 is adapted to receive input from the current sensor 221, voltage
sensor 231;
b. the controller 211 is adapted to determine DOD of the battery 201;
c. the alarm 241 is adapted to be triggered when the reserve DOD value is reached;
d. the motor 261 operates in appropriate mode immediately after the
acknowledgement unit 271 is activated; or
e. the controller 211 is adapted to switch off power supply from the battery 201 to
the power consuming unit 261 immediately or after a predetermined time in case
the acknowledgement unit 271 is not activated.
13. The acknowledgement unit 271 of claim 12 which is an acknowledgement switch or any other data input device.
14. A method for managing reserve power, the method comprising the steps of:
1. providing a system 100 adapted for working with one or more battery 101, each such battery having a reserve DOD and a final DOD, the system 100 comprising:
a. a controller 111;
b. a current sensor 121 adapted to be coupled to the battery 101 and the
controller 111;
c. a voltage sensor 131 adapted to be coupled to the battery 101 and the
controller 111;
d. an alarm 141 coupled to the controller 111;
e. apower consuming unit 161 coupled to the controller 111;

2. the controller 111 receiving input from the current sensor 121 and voltage sensor 131;
3. the controller 111 determining DOD of the battery 101;
4. triggering the alarm 141 when the reserve DOD value is reached; and
5. the controller 111 switching off power supply from the battery 101 to the power consuming unit 161 when the final DOD is reached.

15. The method of claim 14 further comprising the step of operating the power consuming unit 161 in appropriate mode after the alarm 141 is triggered.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the power consuming unit 161 is operated in appropriate mode after lapse of predetermined time.
17. A method for managing reserve power, the method comprising the steps of:
1. providing a system 100 adapted for working with one or more battery 101, each
such battery having a reserve DOD and a final DOD, the system 100 comprising:
a. a controller 111;
b. a current sensor 121 adapted to be coupled to the battery 101 and the
controller 111;
c. a voltage sensor 131 adapted to be coupled to the battery 101 and the
controller 111;
d. an alarm 141 coupled to the controller 111;
e. a power consuming unit 161 coupled to the controller 111;
f. an acknowledgement unit 171 coupled to the controller 111;
2. the controller 111 receiving input from the current sensor 121 and voltage sensor 131;
3. the controller 111 determining DOD of the battery 101;
4. triggering the alarm 141 when the reserve DOD value is reached;

5. operating the power consuming unit 161 in appropriate mode immediately after an acknowledgement unit 171 is activated; or
6. switching off the power supply from the battery 101 immediately or after a predetermined time in case the acknowledgement unit 171 is not activated.
18. A method for managing reserve power of an automobile 200, the method comprising the
steps of:
1. providing an automobile 200 adapted for working with one or more battery 201,
each such battery having a reserve DOD and a final DOD, the automobile 200
comprising:
a. a controller 211;
b. a current sensor 221 adapted to be coupled to the battery 201 and the
controller 211;
c. a voltage sensor 231 adapted to be coupled to the battery 201 and the
controller 211;
d. an alarm 241 coupled to the controller 211;
e. a motor 261 coupled to the controller 211;
2. the controller 211 receiving input from the current sensor 221 and voltage sensor 231;
3. the controller 211 determining DOD of the battery 201;
4. triggering the alarm 241 when the reserve DOD value is reached; and
5. the controller 211 switching off power supply from the battery 201 to the motor 261 when the final DOD is reached.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising the step of operating the motor 261 in appropriate mode after the alarm 241 is triggered.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the motor 261 is operated in appropriate mode after lapse of predetermined time.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein the predetermined time is about 3 minutes.
22. A method for managing reserve power of an automobile 200, the method comprising the steps of:
1. providing an automobile 200 adapted for working with one or more battery 201,
each such battery having a reserve DOD and a final DOD, the automobile 200
comprising:
a. a controller 211;
b. a current sensor 221 adapted to be coupled to the battery 201 and the
controller 211;
c. a voltage sensor 231 adapted to be coupled to the battery 201 and the
controller 211;
d. an alarm 241 coupled to the controller 211;
e. a motor 261 coupled to the controller 211;
f. an acknowledgement unit 271 coupled to the controller 211;
2. the controller 211 receiving input from the current sensor 221 and voltage sensor 231;
3. the controller 211 determining DOD of the battery 201;
4. triggering the alarm 241 when the reserve DOD value is reached;
5. operating the motor 261 in appropriate mode immediately after an acknowledgement unit 271 is activated; or
6. switching off the power supply from the battery 201 immediately or after a predetermined time in case the acknowledgement unit 271 is not activated.