INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND
Emergency Vehicles are the most suffered on huge traffic congestion at traffic lights junction when they need to travel as fast as possible to reach the destination on time. This emergency vehicles like Ambulance, Fire Brigade, and Police Cars etc. being the most important vehicles could be needed to anyone, anywhere and anytime. Getting a solution for free passage of this vehicles, without any delay at traffic lights is urgent in a big and highly populous country.
Around 2,500 lives a year are being lost as a result of delayed ambulance and fire brigade inability to resuscitate patients through huge traffic. India with current population2 of approximately 1,339,510,807 and being 2nd most densely populated country in the world, with around 27.5 million vehicles, face the worst problem of traffic.
Figure 1: Ambulance stuck in traffic
Usually these emergency vehicles alert other vehicles waiting on traffic lights by sirens, horns etc. and it’s quite difficult for other vehicles also to get free space and
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give side for the passage of the Emergency Vehicle. Most of the time, the other vehicles gets no space to move aside on the road when the emergency vehicle is stuck somewhere in between other vehicles or stuck somewhere in the end. The Sirens and horns keeps buzzing, but the Emergency Vehicles are able to pass only when the traffic ahead moves on getting green light. In such situations, these Emergency vehicles are not able to reach destination on time when even few seconds can decide the fate of a person.
The pre-programmed traffic light timers, turns green or red as per its specific timings written in their code or by checking the density of total vehicles on road. The Emergency vehicle faces the problem of waiting on traffic lights, especially when it arrives from denser side. Sometimes when the traffic is very huge, allowing vehicles turn by turn from all directions further delays this emergency vehicles when the Emergency vehicle is in between the long traffic.
Michael R. Smith, Paul J. Davidson and Henry L. Pfister 3 in the US Patent Number 4,704,610,
Proposed a method for early warning other vehicles by means of an information warning display
& Warning sound and a pre-empted traffic signal condition that an emergency vehicle is approaching and therefore other cars will stay clear of the passage of the approaching emergency vehicle. However this solution doesn’t give provision for passage of other vehicles stuck in front
of Emergency vehicle and when the traffic congestion is long (which is usually the case in India) and the emergency vehicle is stuck in the centre or somewhere in the end of the long traffic, then the Emergency vehicle could pass only when the traffic ahead is clear. Mere warning the other vehicles doesn’t solve the problem as other vehicles also need space to clear the path, and better way is to clear the traffic ahead before Emergency vehicle approaches the Traffic intersection.
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Various other possible solutions and their Disadvantages:
• Separate lane for Emergency Vehicle :
One of the solution to this problem is to provide a separate lane only for the emergency vehicles on the road. But this solution is next to impossible where roads are congested and also it includes road mapping and construction which will make this solution very costly.
• Acoustic Sensors:
Acoustic sensors is another alternative which works on the Siren of emergency vehicles but in this technology the direction of the emergency vehicle on the traffic lights can be miss leaded. Also the sirens can be used by miscreants people, thus this solution is not efficient and secured. Filtering the noises of the traffic on the road is another challenge to this solution.
• Use of cameras:
Emergency Vehicle detection by camera can be done but such a system is susceptible to False detection. A high quality cameras are also very costly. Moreover cameras maintenance is also required and this further adds to the cost of the technology.
Cameras can work inefficiently under harsh weather conditions and problem of robustness also occur.
• Using GPS:
By using global positioning system we can detect the position of the emergency vehicle. But the GPS system has a limit to the accuracy with which measurements can be made. Also satellite errors, signal propagation errors and receiver errors may occur. So with a poor GPS signal reception, loss of GPS signal integrity, limiting position accuracy, difficult to use in mixed traffic, ITS equipment costly, easily hackable put limits to its use for this problem.
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RFID SYSTEM
TRAFFIC LIGHT SYSTEM
SMART TRAFFIC LIGHT SYSTEM
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF OUR INVENTION
The RFID based multipurpose Traffic Light System consists of 2 systems: The RFID system and the Traffic Light system.
Whenever an emergency vehicle arrive towards the traffic lights, it is first detected by the RFID system which is installed prior to the traffic light system. The RFID reader which is installed in RFID SYSTEM, will read the tag value of arriving emergency vehicle. The controller will match the tag value of vehicle with already stored data base and if the tag value matches with any of the stored value, then message is sent to the Traffic Lights system to turn the light green of the direction from where emergency vehicle is coming. Free passage will be provided by turning the lights Green and hence allowing the traffic ahead to get clear, so that the emergency vehicle could easily pass.
Once the Emergency Vehicles passes through the traffic junctions, resetting of traffic lights would be done. For resetting, the next direction’s RFID’s controller (the direction in which the emergency vehicle turns after crossing the previous particular junction) will send two flags. One flag reset the previous traffic lights from where the emergency vehicle came, and the other flag set the next upcoming traffic light to provide free passage in that direction.
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Figure 2: FLOW CHART OF THE DISCRIPTION
The RFID reader of the RFID system will continuously check for vehicle with RFID tag. If any, then it will match the tag value with already stored database. If the data matches, the vehicle is registered and the Traffic Lights System will change the lights green for clearance of all other vehicles of the direction from where Emergency Vehicle is approaching, thus providing free passage to the Emergency Vehicle.
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Figure 3: Block Diagram
The RFID SYSTEM on detecting the registered Emergency vehicle, will send 2 flags. Flag 1 will be sent wirelessly to the upcoming Traffic lights system through wireless communication or IOT. The Traffic Light system on receiving the flag, will set the lights green of the direction of approaching Emergency vehicle. Flag 2 will reset the previous Traffic Lights which will go back to its normal operation.
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DATA BASES
1. EMERGENCY VEHICLE DATABASE
It includes the Unique Identification code installed in RFID tags issued by the government authority to the emergency vehicles. This database is updated by the respective authority with every new registration of an emergency vehicle, also update it at all the RFID System and Traffic Light System Wireless communication System.
2. PUBLIC TRANSPORT DATAB
It includes the Unique Identification code installed in RFID tags issued by the Transportation authority to all the public transport vehicles and is updated by the respective authority with every new registration of the public transport vehicle, also update it at all the RFID System and Traffic Light System Wireless communication System.
3. DEFAULTER’S DATABASE
It includes the Unique Identification code installed in RFID tags issued to the vehicles which have violated a traffic rule and is automatically updated whenever there is a traffic rule violation by the vehicle, also update it at all the RFID System and Traffic Light System Wireless communication System.
4. CRIME DATABASE
It includes the Unique Identification code installed in RFID tags issued to the vehicles which are involved in crime or being stolen and is controlled and updated by the Law Enforcing Unit of the city also update it at all the RFID System and Traffic Light System Wireless communication System.
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5 .GENERAL DATABASE
It includes Unique Identification code installed in RFID tags issued to all the vehicles registered by the RLA authority. Whenever a vehicle is detected at a RFID system, its data is uploaded in this database. Thus, it includes the past location record of all those vehicles for a specific period of time which are detected by the RFID systems and updates it at database via Wireless communication System.
6. REGISTERING & LICENSE AUTHORITY (RLA) DATABASE
In this database, the RFID tag of all the vehicles registered by the RLA are kept. Its access can be made by respective authorities after permission from the government. This database, if needed, can be uploaded and updated on RFID and TRAFFIC LIGHT SYSTEM via wireless technology.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF OUR INVENTION
The whole system is divided into two main system below:
RFID SYSTEM
The RFID system will be installed at a distance from the Traffic Light System. The system consists:
 RFID reader: For scanning information installed in RFID tag of registered emergency vehicle.
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 Microcontroller is used for the decision making.
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 Wireless communication for transmission of information through wireless communication module/internet server/IOT/CDMA.
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 Power Supply for powering the microcontroller. Rechargeable batteries or solar power system can be used as well.
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The emergency vehicles would be authenticated by installing RFID tags in the vehicle. The RFID tags have unique identification code and this code would be registered and stored with the RLA (Registering & Licensing Authority) under different database. The tags we have used are passive tags for normal vehicles and both passive and active tags for the emergency vehicle, active will represents the priority of the emergency vehicle i.e. it has high priority or not. Passive RFID tags do not need any separate external power source and use the power generated from the reader. Passive tags are lighter than active tags, less expensive, and unlimited operational lifetime.
The RFID reader installed at some distance from traffic lights, which generates a radio waves field with the help of high range antenna, and when an RFID tagged vehicle passes through the
Electromagnetic zone, it detects the RFID reader's activation signal. The reader reads and decodes the data encoded in the tag's IC (silicon chip) and is passed to the Arduino microcontroller for processing. The controller verifies the data by matching it with the different database stored in it i.e. Emergency vehicle database, Public Transport database, Crime database, Defaulter’s database etc. If the received RFID tag code matches and authenticated with that of the stored in Emergency vehicle database uploaded by Registering authority, the controller will send an early message consisting DIRECTION FLAG via internet server or wirelessly to the corresponding Traffic Light System by using the wireless module. This direction flag data represents the direction of the upcoming emergency vehicle. The main aim of RFID system is detection of vehicle and sending the direction information to the TRAFFIC lights system. Therefore, RFID system ensures to provide free passage only to registered emergency vehicles.
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Figure 4: RFID system
In figure 4, Consider the Ambulance (1) is approaching from the North direction with RFID tag (2) installed in it. The RFID reader (3) keeps scanning for any vehicle with RFID tag. When the ambulance arrive in the scanning area (5) of the RFID Reader, the RFID reader reads the tag value (2) of the Emergency vehicle. This tag value is then sent by the RFID reader to its Controller (4). The controller verifies if the data of the tag matches with the already stored Emergency vehicle database of the RFID system. As soon as the tag’s value matches with the already stored database, an early message containing direction flag of the arriving Emergency vehicle is sent wirelessly to the Traffic Light System of North direction. The RFID reader can read around 200 vehicles per second. An example of Heavy traffic congestion (6) is indicated on the road before the emergency vehicle is detected. Red colour (6) indicates the heavy traffic and other vehicles waiting on traffic light junction. Other vehicles stuck on traffic lights have no space to move and give side to the emergency vehicle until lights turn green.
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So, once the message is sent to traffic lights system, the traffic lights system to complete the next processes. RFID reader keep scanning, reading and verifying the tag value of other detected vehicle.
TRAFFIC LIGHT SYSTEM:
The traffic light system will be installed at the traffic light junction and consist of
 Microcontroller used as the main system controller.
 Wireless communication for transmission of information through wireless communication module/CDMA/GSM/RF/IOT.
 Power Source: Power source is needed to provide power to system modules. In this, rechargeable batteries or solar power system can be used to provide power to traffic light system.
The wireless communication module installed at the Traffic Lights System will receive the message (FLAG) sent by the RFID system wirelessly.
This system will control the traffic lights based on the information given by the RFID System. This data is processed by the microcontroller of the Traffic lights system.
Decision will be taken on the basis of the DIRECTION FLAG. Direction Flag is sent by the RFID system to the Traffic Light system which represents the direction as well as priority of the incoming emergency vehicle via wireless communication system. The priority of the incoming emergency vehicle is considered by the value given by the active RFID tag issued to the emergency vehicle specifically. The combination of both Unique Identification code given by passive tag and priority given by active tag are represented in the Direction flag.
After receiving the direction flag, the Traffic Light System will turned the light green of the direction from which the emergency vehicle is coming, before the Emergency Vehicle arrive at the Traffic Light junction. This will clear the road
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in advance for free passage of the Emergency vehicle by clearing all the traffic ahead of that particular direction. There won’t be any problem of block path, congestion and no need to forewarn other vehicles, as the traffic is cleared in advance. When the vehicle crosses the traffic light junction, Traffic Light System will automatically get reset on receiving the RESET FLAG and it will start operating in the normal mode
Figure 5: Traffic Light System
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In figure 5, Once the Emergency vehicle (5) is detected and authenticated by the RFID system, the traffic lights system receive the direction flag message containing direction and priority of arriving Vehicle. On receiving the flag wirelessly from the RFID system, the Traffic Lights system (8) inform its Controller about the message which is direction flag containing the direction (here north) and priority of arriving Emergency Vehicle. The controller of the traffic lights system processes the received information and then it turns the Lights green of the North direction. The lights of all other direction i.e. West (12), East (10) and South (11) is turned Red. The heavy traffic congestion of North direction (7) is cleared in advance before the arrival of the Emergency Vehicle. Let the emergency now turns towards East direction (9). Again the RFID reader in the East direction detects the Emergency Vehicle similarly as above. After authe4ntication, the RFID reader of east direction sends a RESET FLAG to the Previous North direction for normal traffic Lights operation and send DIRECTION FLAG to the East direction to turn green as above. Hence resetting is done simultaneously.
RESETTING OF TRAFFIC LIGHT SYSTEM
When the emergency vehicle pass that particular Traffic lights system (consider it system 1) and move towards the next Traffic Light system (consider it system 2), the RFID system installed at immediate next direction, after Traffic light system 1, will again check the RFID tag value of the vehicle. After authentication, this RFID system sends 2 flag i.e. DIRECTION FLAG and RESET FLAG. Reset Flag is sent to the previous Traffic system 1 wirelessly and on receiving this reset Flag, the controller of the System 1 will turn it for Normal operation. Flag 2 i.e. Direction Flag is sent to the next upcoming Traffic Light system 2 towards which the Emergency vehicle is approaching. This flag 2 consists of the direction of arrival of Emergency vehicle and its priority and on receiving this message, the System 2 will turn the lights green according to the direction of the incoming emergency vehicle in advance to clear the traffic ahead as mentioned above. The
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RFID system is responsible for the setting of Green light in the forward direction for Traffic light system 2 and resetting of the previous Traffic light system 1 in normal operation. Similarly, other RFID system and Traffic Lights systems installed at other roads, works this way. Suppose the Emergency vehicle so not cross in any direction due to any reason like accident or collision etc. In such case after a period of time (which can be set accordingly) the traffic light system automatically get reset for the normal operation.
Figure 6: 3-D view of project implementation
MULTIPLE EMERGENCY VEHICLE ARRIVAL CASE:
The Traffic Lights system will work on priority basis (high priority or low) which is represented by Direction flag sent by RFID System When more than one emergency vehicle arrive at the same instant from the same direction or from different direction at the same junction. In case of same priority of more than one emergency vehicle arriving at the same junction, The Traffic Light system of provides green signal on the basis of first arrival at the junction. When the first one passed, then second is processed and so on.
NEW VEHICLE REGISTRATION:
The Government of India mandates9 installation of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags on the medium and heavy motor vehicles through the proposed rule 138A of the Central Motor Vehicle Rules, 1989 and also
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advising vehicle manufacturers that in all new vehicles, the manufacturers must provide Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) facility. So, RFID tags would be either provided by the manufacturer or the RLA & the tag unique value would consist of a combination of Chassis number and registration number of the vehicle or can be modified according to the requirement. When this new emergency vehicle gets registered with the RLA, its tag value will be saved in the Emergency vehicle database of RLA and simultaneously updated on all RFID systems through Internet server/Wireless communication. And for normal vehicles (except emergency vehicle) there database will get update on general database by the authority.
Multiple features
1. Automatic fine for Traffic Rules Defaulters:
With the RFID SYSTEM, the traffic rules violations like red light jumping, over speeding etc. can be detected and fined easily. The fine can be immediately issued to the owner of the vehicle and defaulter information will also be given to law enforcement authority of the city via wireless communication.
When the driver violates the traffic rules, the vehicle’s unique Identification code in RFID tag, will get detected by the RFID SYSTEM installed on the road and the controller of the system will process this unique identification code and will traverse the details of the owner from the General data base and put his vehicle in traffic rules defaulters list by Putting the RFID tag code of the respective vehicle in the Defaulters database from RLA’s database along with the type of offence. RFID system issue the fine immediately to the vehicle’s owner according to their rule violation and will also inform to the respective authority about the rule violation by respective the vehicle via wireless communication. The authority can access and update the defaulter’s database and can investigate accordingly about the offence.
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2. VEHICLE’S TRACKING INVOLVED IN CRIME:
The crime offences like hit and run cases and others can be traced easily with TRAFFIC LIGHT SYSTEM and RFID SYSTEM. Whenever the police authority receive any call of road crime like HIT AND RUN, the authority will immediately get the vehicle’s RFID tag number from the RLA’s database and update this RFID tag number in crime database of the city’s Traffic light and RFID system via wireless communication and whenever the these vehicles crosses from the RFID system coverage area, the RFID system will immediately notify the authority about the location of the detected vehicle and its direction of movement via wireless communication. This information can be used by the police authority for tracing the path followed by the vehicle after committing the crime.
3. DETECTION OF OVERLOADED VEHICLE:
With the help of weight measurement instruments which will be interfaced with the RFID system, the overloaded vehicles can also be detected by the RFID system and fine can be issued to them.
Whenever an overloaded vehicle crosses the weight measuring machine which will be installed on road and interfaced with the RFID system, the controller of the RFID system will detect the RFID tag of the vehicle, if it is overloaded, and puts its RFID tag number in Defaulters database from RLA database and a message will be send to both the Traffic Police authority and owner of the vehicle about the offence, and fine can be issued to it accordingly.
4. DETECTION OF VEHICLES WHO’S REGISTRATION HAS EXPIRED:
Vehicles whose registration has expired but are still in use without renewal of registration, can be easily detected by this System. The RFID system will continuously check the information in the RFID tag of every vehicle passing through RFID system installed in the city. If the registration of the
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vehicle found expired (from its RFID tag), then the RFID tag number of the vehicle will be uploaded in Defaulters database from the RLA database by the controller of the RFID system via wireless communication. The controller will immediately notify to the concerned authority and to the owner of the vehicle also. If the vehicle still remain in use on the road after notification then a fine will be issued to it and the information will be given to Traffic police.
5. INFORMATION ABOUT INCOMING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE: The RFID System can detects the incoming public transportation vehicle and its information can be displayed on the bus stops as well as to the subscribed commuters. The RFID SYSTEM will detect the incoming bus from RFID tag installed on it. After reading the tag value and generates a Bus Flag. This flag represents the bus number/route number or any other relative information which describes the status of the incoming Public Transport. The controller of the RFID system will Travers the data of the bus from Public Transport database. The buses database will be uploaded by the transportation department of the city in the Public transport database via wireless communication. The controller after traversing the data of the bus will send the bus flag to the nearby bus stop as well as upload the information on mobile apps/website via internet server or wireless communication. So, the city commuters will get prior notice of the incoming bus on the specific route both at bus stops as well as on their mobile phones.
6. TRACKING OF THE STOLEN VEHICLE:
The owner as well as the police can easily trace a stolen vehicle in the city.
When the owner of the vehicle first contact to city police station and register his/her complaint. Thereafter the police will put the RFID tag number of the stolen vehicle to the Crime database from the RLA database
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and updates database at all the Traffic Light system and RFID system wireless communication.
Whenever the stolen vehicle crosses from the any RFID system of the city, the RFID system will immediately notify the authority about the location of the detected vehicle and its direction of movement via wireless communication. This information can be used by the police authority for tracing the path followed by the stolen vehicle. Location of the stolen vehicle will be sent to both police as well as to the owner of the vehicle. Through this information the police can nab the criminals by installing the check points at the upcoming traffic light junction of the city.
7. MANAGEMENT OF TRAFFIC FLOW:
The Traffic Light System manages the flow of traffic at a particular junction by analysing the information from the Traffic load flag received by the RFID system installed in each Direction to the junction via wireless communication system. Traffic Load flag is sent continuously by each RFID system of claim 1 to the Traffic Light system installed at the junction via wireless communication system. This flag represents load (number of vehicles passing through the RFID system) of the traffic flow in the particular direction at a particular time in which the RFID system is installed and distributes the period of the green signal to the traffic of all four directions such that the direction with maximum traffic load gets longer time for green signal. Thus manages the traffic flow traffic flow according the density of the traffic on the road.
8. POWER BACK UP AVAILABILITY
A power back up will be attached with the Intelligent Traffic Light system so that whenever there is power cut then the Intelligent Traffic Light System will be powered via battery, solar power system etc.
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Images of the proposed Prototype
Figure 7: An ambulance is approaching towards traffic light system via RFID system
Figure 8: Traffic light system of Junction 1
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RFID SYSTEM
Figure 9: RFID SYSTEM. An ambulance crossing the RFID system.
Figure 10: Traffic Light System of Junction 1
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Figure 11: Traffic Light System of junction 2
Figure 12: Emergency vehicles having RFID TAGS installed on them.
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TRAFFIC LIGHT SYSTEM
RFID TAG ON VEHICLE RFID SYSTEM
JUNCTION 1
Figure 12: Fire fighting vehicle having RFID tag crossing the junction 1 and approaching towards junction 2 of Traffic Light System

CLAIMS OF OUR INVENTION:
1. A system comprising an RFID system and a Traffic Light System.
1.1. The RFID system consists of:
1.1.1. RFID Field Generator high-range antenna which generates Radio Frequency field to energize RFID tags (passive/active) installed on vehicles and receive their Unique Identification code from them.
1.1.2. RFID reader receives the output information from the antenna and sends the information to the controller/Processor of the system.
1.1.3. Highly efficient Controller/Processor receives the information from the RFID reader and processes the information and then send to the wireless communication system.
1.1.4. Wireless Communication System sends the processed information by the controller/Processor to the Traffic Light System via technologies like CDMA/GSM/RF transceiver/IOT.
1.2. The Traffic Light System consists of:
1.2.1. Wireless communication System which receives the processed data sent by RFID system via technologies like CDMA/GSM/RF transceiver/IOT.
1.2.2. Efficient Controller/Processor which is connected with wireless communication system and Traffic Lights. It receives the information from wireless communication system and sends the command signal to the traffic lights.
2. The Traffic Light system of claim 1 is installed at centre of the junction and the RFID system is installed in all possible (four) directions at a distance from the junction. Both the systems of different junctions are interconnected with each other via wireless communication of claim 1.1.4.
3. RFID tag, which get detected by the system as in claim 1, contains unique identification code
(Encoded chassis number, vehicle registration number, owner’s complete information, other relative information) issued by Government authority.
4. The Controller/Processor of claim 1 also includes database of multiple cases which is updated by their respective authority at all the RFID and Traffic Light system via wireless communication system of claim 1. The database consists of:
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4.1. Emergency vehicle database which includes the Unique Identification code installed in RFID tags issued by the government authority to the emergency vehicles. This database is updated by the respective authority with every new registration of an emergency vehicle.
4.2. Public Transport database which includes the Unique Identification code installed in RFID tags issued by the Transportation authority to all the public transport vehicles and is updated by the respective authority with every new registration of the public transport vehicle.
4.3. Defaulter’s database which includes the Unique Identification code installed in RFID tags issued to the vehicles which have violated a traffic rule and is automatically updated whenever there is a traffic rule violation by the vehicle.
4.4. Crime database which includes the Unique Identification code installed in RFID tags issued to the vehicles which are involved in crime or being stolen and is controlled and updated by the Law Enforcing Unit of the city.
4.5. General database which includes Unique Identification code installed in RFID tags issued to all the vehicles registered by the RLA authority. It includes the past location record of all those vehicles for a specific period of time which are detected by the RFID systems of claim1.
5. RFID tags, as in claim 3, issued to the Emergency vehicles comprise of both active and passive. The passive tag indicates the unique identification code and active tag indicates the priority of the emergency vehicle.
6. Vehicle having RFID tag, as in claim 3, enters the coverage area of RFID system of claim 1, the Unique Identification code installed in the RFID tag gets read by the reader; and sent to the controller/processor for further processing. The processing step includes:
6.1. Reception of the Unique Identification code sent by the reader to the controller/processor.
6.2. The Unique Identification code is matched and verified with the database entries of claim4.
6.3. After authentication, the decision signal is made by the controller/processor as follows:
6.3.1. The vehicle, registered with the database as per in claim 4.1 as an emergency vehicle, Makes the controller/processor to initiate the process to send
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the direction flag to the Traffic light system via wireless communication system of claim 1.1.4 for corresponding measures.
6.3.2. The vehicle, registered with the database as per in claim 4.2 as public transport vehicle, makes the controller/processor to initiate the process to send the respective Bus flag to the Bus Stops as well as to subscribed commuters via wireless communication system of claim 1.1.4.
6.3.3. The vehicle, involved in traffic rules violations, the controller/processor puts the vehicles’ Unique Identification code in the Defaulter’s database as in claim 4.3 via wireless communication system of claim 1.1.4; and notify the owner of the vehicle as well as the Law enforcement authority of the city about the rule violation via wireless communication system of claim 1.1.4.
6.3.4.The vehicle, present in the database as per in claim 4.4 as a vehicle involved in crime, the Police authority puts the vehicles’ Unique Identification code in the Crime database as in claim 4.4 via wireless communication system of claim 1.1.4; and the controller/processor notifies the authority and the owner of the vehicle after being detected at the RFID system of claim 1 via wireless communication system of claim 1.1.4.
6.3.5. The vehicles passing through the RFID system of claim 1, their Unique Identification code is received by the controller/processor as of claim 1.1.3 and it updates to General Database of claim 4.5 via wireless communication system of claim 1.1.4 .
7. The flags sent by the RFID system of claim 1 as described as follow:
7.1. Direction Flag is sent by the RFID system to the Traffic Light system as in claim 6.3.1 represents the direction as well as priority of the incoming emergency vehicle via wireless communication system of claim 1.1.4.
7.1.1. The priority of the incoming emergency vehicle is considered by the value given by the active RFID tag issued to the emergency vehicle specifically. The combination of both Unique Identification code given by passive tag and priority given by active tag are represented in the Direction flag.
7.2. Bus Flag is sent by the RFID system to the nearby bus stops as well as to the subscribed commuters as in claim 6.3.2 via wireless communication system of claim 1.1.4, this flag represents the bus number/route number or any other relative information which describes the status of the incoming Public Transport.
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7.3. Reset Flag is sent by the RFID system of claim 1 to the Traffic Light system installed at the junction as in claim 2 via wireless communication system of claim 1.1.4. This flag represents the passage of the emergency vehicle from the Traffic Light junction and sends signal to it to start operating normally.
7.4. Traffic Load flag is sent continuously by each RFID system of claim 1 to the Traffic
Light system installed at the junction as in claim 2 via wireless communication system of claim 1.1.4. This flag represents load (number of vehicles passing through the RFID system) of the traffic flow in the particular direction in which the RFID system is installed.
8. Traffic Light system of claim 1, after receiving the Direction flag as per claim 6.3.1, will send the received information of the Direction flag of claim 7.1 to its the controller/processor. The function of the controller/processor after the reception of the direction flag will be as follow:
8.1. It will turn the traffic light green, based on priority, of that direction which is represented by the Direction flag of claim 7.1.
9. RFID system of claim 1 further initiates:
9.1. The resetting of the specific Traffic light system of the junction as in claim 2, on the passage of the emergency vehicle from the junction by sending the reset flag of claim 7.3 via wireless communication system of claim 1.1.4.
10. The RFID System of claim 1, interconnected with Traffic Light system of two junctions, sends the reset flag to the previous Traffic Light system of the junction after the passage of emergency vehicle and the direction flag to the upcoming traffic light system of the junction.
11. On violation of Traffic rules such as Overspeeding, red light crossing, overloading, high beam, expired registration of the vehicle but still in use etc, the RFID system and Traffic Light System of claim 1 detect defaulter’s vehicle immediately in the area and update their unique identification code in the Defaulter’s database as in claim 6.3.3 and issue them an e-Challan/automatic fine.
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12. The Traffic Light system of claim 1 provides green signal to more than one emergency vehicles arriving at a time at the same junction on the basis of priority represented by the direction flag of claim 7.1 sent by the RFID system as in claim 6.
12.1. In case of same priority of more than one emergency vehicle arriving at the same junction, The Traffic Light system of claim 1 provides green signal on the basis of first arrival at the junction.
13. The traffic light system of claim 1, manages the flow of traffic at a particular junction by analysing the information from the Traffic load flag received by the RFID system of claim 1 via wireless communication system of claim 1.1.4; and distributes the period of the green signal to the traffic of all four directions such that the direction with maximum traffic load gets longer time for green signal.
14. A single algorithm/program code which executes the operations of claim 6 to claim