DESC:TITLE OF THE INVENTION:
RISC V Architecture based microprocessor for enabling IoT on Membrane Bio-Reactor Sewage Treatment Plant

FIELD OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention relates to a fully automated Membrane Bio-Reactor based Sewage Treatment Plant which can be remotely controlled without the requirement of the presence of the operator and uses RISC V Architecture based microprocessor and/or ARM based microcontroller with integration of IoT sensors.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
One of the largest global problems faced by the world presently is deficiency of fresh water. According to the WHO by 2025, half of the world's population will be living in water-stressed areas. A recent NITI Aayog report stated that atleast 40% of the Indian population will have no access to drinking water by 2030. India has more than 18% of world’s population and less than 4% of fresh water resources available on Earth. If left uncared for, water is going to be the next scarce commodity, and it is utmost important to monitor and recycle the water in order to decrease water loss.
Water recycling involves reclaiming water from a variety of sources, followed by treating it and using it for beneficial purposes like agriculture and irrigation, potable water supplies, groundwater replenishment, industrial processes and environmental restoration. Water reuse can provide alternatives to existing water supplies and be used to enhance water security, sustainability and resilience. For reuse of wastewater, it needs to pass through numerous sewage treatment process steps before it can be used. These steps may include screening, primary settling, biological treatment, tertiary treatment and disinfection. To make wastewater hygienic, it is subject to other treatment processes like ozonation, ultrafiltration, aerobic treatment (membrane bioreactor), forward osmosis, reverse osmosis, advanced oxidation etc.
A number of sewage treatment processes are available in the prior art.
US Patent 10550022 discusses a sewage/wastewater treatment system using granular activated sludge and a membrane bio-reactor and a sewage/wastewater treatment method using the same that are configured to effectively remove pollutants contained in raw water through a granulation tank in which the granular activated sludge is contained and to allow the raw water to be filtered through movable membranes located on the upper portion of the granulation tank. The system includes: an indirect aeration tank adapted to supply air thereto to allow dissolved oxygen contained in raw water to reach a saturation concentration; a granulation tank adapted to allow floating microorganisms contained in the treated water passing through the indirect aeration tank to be granulated and having a sludge blanket formed thereon; and movable membranes located on the upper portion of the granulation tank in such a manner as to be movable in the granulation tank.
US Patent Application 2020030749 discloses a membrane filtration system and membrane bio reactor including the same which includes a treatment tank; a membrane support frame disposed in the treatment tank and mounted with a separation membrane; a separation membrane module mounted on the membrane support frame; a vane member disposed at a lower end of the membrane support frame and provided to lift sludge accumulated at a lower part of the treatment tank; and a reciprocating portion connected to the membrane support frame and reciprocating the membrane support frame, in which the separation membrane module includes an upper frame and a lower frame and a hollow fiber membrane installed between the upper frame and the lower frame.
WO 2019107948 provides an advanced sewage treatment device having a bioreactor integrated-management and automatic-control system and a new renewable power generation function and thereby having improved sewage treatment and energy efficiencies, and an advanced sewage treatment method. The technical gist of the present invention pertains to an advanced sewage treatment device and an advanced sewage treatment method, wherein various kinds of contaminants such as organic materials, suspended materials, and nutritive salts contained in sewage, wastewater, and the like flowing into a sewage treatment plant, a wastewater treatment plant, a factory wastewater treatment plant, and an individual sewage purification facility are treated at an advanced level and removed by a biological treatment method. The technical gist is characterized in that an "ICT-based bioreactor integrated-management system" comprising pH, NH4-N, MLSS, and dissolved oxygen (DO) sensors and a calculation control device is constructed such that the operating condition of a bioreactor for removing nitrogen and phosphorus can be monitored in real time with regard to the amount of sewage flowing therein in each season and for each time period, the pH of the inflowing sewage, and the DO concentration thereof, and the amount of air supplied to an aerobic tank, the amount of nitrate liquid circulating therein, and the like can be adjusted/managed automatically, thereby reducing the cost for facility installation, reducing the area of necessary land, reducing the cost for power necessary for blowing in the bioreactor, and thereby substantially improving the economic merit.
DE 102005057875 relates to a device for sterilization of sewage in small sewage treatment- and purification plant with sequencing batch reactor method, and other technical plants by simple device, consists LED (3) producing UV radiation for sterilization of the sewage. The control of LED-light source is carried out over time, sewage quantity or other control quantity. The contamination of LED is detected by sensors. A message signal detected by the sensor is produced at the control of the sewage plant, or an automatic cleaning of the UV source is carried out. The size, arrangement and the number of UV-radiation producing LED and like wise the materials in the plant vary with respect to place, geometry and according to the requirement and size of the plant. A silver coating is provided to avoid germ reduction in piping or other pipeline system. The small sewage treatment- and purification plants are fixed bed plants, trickling filter plant and other technical plants for sterilization of sewage. In an alternative arrangement for sterilization of sewage procedure, devices are attached for the mechanical, manual or automatic cleaning of the LED.
KR 20190115219 gives water treatment equipment using bio-reactor and membrane distillation which is capable of minimizing nitrogen concentration of treated water by effectively treating highly volatile ammonia in water through a combination of the bioreactor and the membrane distillation device. According to the present invention, the water treatment apparatus includes: a bioreactor of an aerobic condition which performs a nitrification process of converting ammoniac nitrogen in raw water including volatile ammoniac nitrogen into non-volatile nitrate nitrogen; a bio-reaction treated water storage tank which stores bioreaction treated water passing through the nitrification process of the bioreactor and nitrate nitrogen concentrated water discharged from the membrane distillation device; the membrane distillation device which separates the bioreaction treated water into membrane distillation treated water and the nitrate nitrogen concentrated water by performing a membrane distillation process on the bioreaction treated water; and a membrane distillation treated water storage tank which stores nitrate nitrogen-filtered membrane distillation treated water produced by the membrane distillation device.
CN 109320013 discusses a sewage deep treatment method which comprises the following steps: charging ozone into sewage, and removing the chemical oxygen demand in the sewage; enabling effluent to successively enter a biological aerated filter and a membrane bio-reactor, and removing suspended solids and nitrogen and phosphorus. By adopting the sewage deep treatment method, a high-efficiency porous nano ozone oxidization catalyst is used, the standard-improving and upgrading of sewage treatment plant can be realized by virtue of a O3 plus BAF plus MBR combination process; the biodegradability of secondary effluent can be improved by virtue of pre-oxidization of the ozone; dissolved oxygen is increased, and the COD, odor, chromaticity, pathogenic bacteria and algae can be deeply removed; by combining a biological method process, a certain synergistic effect can be realized; the nitrogen and phosphorus can be synchronously removed, and the effluent can reach the ground surface grade-IV water.
CN 207819968 provides a sewage treatment plant remote control system, which includes: foundation is at the management terminal of internet cloud platform and a plurality of sewage treatment plant's automatic control device and camera device, automatic control device and camera device are connected with management terminal through wireless communication module respectively. The utility model provides a sewage treatment plant control system of unmanned on duty intelligence feedback, every sewage treatment plant has one set of complete sewage treatment plant controlling means ( automatic control device and camera device ), controlling means through sewage treatment plant, collecting wastewater handles the relevant parameter information of factory, management terminal passes through wireless communication module receiving process sewage treatment plant operating parameter information, and as needed sends relevant control command to controlling means, realize unmanned on duty's intelligence feedback and management sewage treatment plant, saves the labor, material resources and financial resources, specifically, can in time solve in the problem of appearance in service rural small town sewage treatment plant.

Apart from the above mentioned systems, remote water monitoring systems include:
Satellite data transmission for remote water monitoring systems which was designed for remote water monitoring systems in areas where power is not available, there are no telephone lines, cellular coverage is non-existent, and far enough away from the data collection point that a radio system is impractical. These environments are generally located in areas that also make it difficult to set up a datalogger for remote water monitoring system and the operator returns several months later to collect the data. In these environments the satellite data transmission system can gather the remote water monitoring system's data and transmit it to a database where you can view it from any computer that has connection to the Internet.
Cellular data transmission for remote water monitoring systems which requires sites that are well covered by cellular transmission towers. These remote water monitoring system sites are generally closer to developed areas as a result of this requirement. Cellular data transmission methods allow for more rapid data transmission from the remote water monitoring site, however you will need to set up an appropriate cellular plan with a local service provider. It is also essential that the cellular system be set up to transmit according to the transmission guidelines of the country the remote water monitoring system is located in.
Radio data transmission for remote water monitoring systems which are used for relatively short-range transmission of remote water monitoring system data. The advantage of this system is that one receiver can collect data from a large number of remote water monitoring systems. This allows you to have a centrally located base station or mobile platform that can move within range of the remote water monitoring stations and gather all of the data without actually visiting the site. An additional advantage is that there are no additional fees with a radio system.
Telephone modem data transmission for remote water monitoring systems which are used with remote water monitoring systems that are near telephone lines. Typically, this type of system is used where the remote water monitoring systems are near unmanned buildings such as small dams or gauging stations. This type of system has the lowest investment of all the remote water monitoring system data transmission methods if the telephone lines already exist at the monitoring site.

Although a number of sewage treatment plants are available in the prior art, most of them are time consuming, lesser effective, require more man power and are expensive. To provide healthier water in the future, an IoT Smart Water Distribution system with an integration of proper Sewage Treatment plant has to be built. Currently, Membrane Bio Reactor technology in Sewage Treatment gives the best feed water quality, but it has very high Manufacturing and Operational Costs. Hence an automatic IoT based Membrane Bio-Reactor Sewage Treatment plant which has low manufacturing and operational cost, is less time consuming and more effective and doesn’t require manual presence for its operation, is the need of the day.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION:
The main object of the invention is to provide RISC V Architecture based microprocessor for enabling IoT on membrane bio-reactor sewage treatment plant which is a fully automated membrane bio-reactor technology based sewage treatment plant using VEGA AS1061 microprocessor and/or ARM based microcontroller with integration of IoT sensors.
Another object of the invention is to provide RISC V Architecture based microprocessor for enabling IoT on Membrane Bio-Reactor Sewage Treatment Plant which integrates server side Machine Learning, TensorFlow and Reinforcement Learning on IoT sensor database.
Still another object of the invention is to provide RISC V Architecture based microprocessor for enabling IoT on Membrane Bio-Reactor Sewage Treatment Plant which reduces the operational and maintenance costs of the sewage treatment plant.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide RISC V Architecture based microprocessor for enabling IoT on Membrane Bio-Reactor Sewage Treatment Plant which uses Wireless Radio Frequency Data Transmission to reduce the cost of transferring data up to shorter distances.
A further object of the present invention is to provide RISC V Architecture based microprocessor for enabling IoT on Membrane Bio-Reactor Sewage Treatment Plant which uses cloud computing technology for monitoring the processed data and controlling the Sewage Treatment Plant remotely, owing to which the plant operation becomes completely autonomous, unattended by human.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention provides RISC V Architecture based microprocessor for enabling IoT on Membrane Bio-Reactor Sewage Treatment Plant which includes a membrane bio-reactor tank, an aerobic tank, an anaerobic tank and an anoxic tank supported by air blowers and agitators for treatment of the sewage water. The treated water passes through Source Node before going through water distribution chain. At the Source Node, the conductivity, pH, BOD, Ammonium and nitrate sensors are present which continuously check the quality of the treated water and alert the operator through SMS or email when any of the quality parameters are off-limit. From the Source Node, the water passes through the water distribution chain and reaches the Tail Node wherein sensors for residual chlorine, a flow meter and/or pressure sensor are present to determine the quantity and regularity of water flow. Alternatively an ARM based microcontroller can be used for enabling Internet of Things on the sewage treatment plant.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:
Fig. 1 gives a three dimensional representation of the membrane bio-reactor subsystem.
Fig. 2 gives the diagram displaying the components present and their working at the Tail Node in the system.
Fig. 3 gives the diagram displaying the components present and their working at the Source Node in the system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION:
The nature of the invention and the manner in which it is performed is clearly described in the specification. The invention has various components and they are clearly described in the following pages of the complete specification.
Membrane bio-reactor (MBR) is the combination of a membrane process like microfiltration or ultrafiltration with a biological waste water treatment process. These processes produce effluent of high quality which can be discharged to coastal, surface or brackish waterways or reclaimed for urban irrigation. MBR process is very efficient for the treatment and reuse of industrial and municipal wastewaters The benefits of MBR process is reduced carbon footprint, exceptional effluent quality capable of meeting the most stringent water quality requirements, ease of expansion, configuration flexibility, robust and reliable operation and reduced downstream disinfection requirements. For sewage treatment plants (STP), membrane bio-reactor technology is a cutting edge technology used in wastewater and sewage treatments which significantly reduces the size, and increases efficiency and versatility of the sewage treatment plant. However the currently functioning MBR STPs have very high operation and maintenance costs.
The present invention relates to a fully automated RISC V Architecture based microprocessor for enabling IoT on membrane bio-reactor sewage treatment plant with integration of Machine Learning on database collected through IoT sensors collectively referred to as nodes, one node at the onset of sewage treated water distribution system (called Source Node), and other one at the endpoint, i.e., at each of the houses in water distribution system (called Tail Nodes). This invention integrates:
Remote monitoring – which ensures that the system can be remotely controlled from anywhere in the world which includes an automated sewage treatment plant using microcontroller based on RISC V and ARM architecture which replaces conventional costly Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) units for control and automation, the cost of which ranges from Rs. 60,000 and Rs. 10,00,000.
Data analytics – which data is obtained through sensors present on the source node for predictive maintenance of the STP (Sewage Treatment Plant), the analysis of which helps in predicting the time of back wash and the need of membrane cleaning as well as predicting the concentration and performance of bacteria by predicting the biological treatment and behavior in different varying process parameters.
Machine Learning and Reinforcement Learning – which makes the system smart by including parameters namely influent pH, influent BOD, influent NH3, temperature, aerobic DO, MBR MLSS, MBR Differential Pressure, water flow rate, aerobic NH4, effluent BOD, effluent NOx, effluent pH. The data obtained is used to determine water usage pattern, time period of backwash, requirement of CIP (Cleaning in Process) for membrane cleaning, speed adjustment of pumps and blower according to derived optimum working conditions of STP namely, Dissolved Oxygen concentration, pH, liquor concentration, MLSS, alkalinity, NOx (nitrates and nitrite concentration) to be maintained to achieve the least BOD, COD, TSS, NH4 in the treated output water and the least power consumption, thereby reducing the cost of operation while achieving and maintaining best treated output water quality.
Optimum working conditions of STP – which generates the best treated water quality and decreases power consumption. For this, optimum pH and Dissolved Oxygen values are obtained from graphs for best output quality. Each STP has its own optimum pH value for given water temperature for best yield which is derived from the dataset obtained from IoT sensors. Typically, aeration accounts for 70 – 80% of the total energy consumed in a municipal waste water treatment plant. Usually, very high DO levels are achieved in aerobic tank to eliminate possibility of passing ammonical nitrogen in outlet. It would be judicial to optimize DO level without sacrificing treated water quality to minimize power consumption. For this, a feedback control mechanism is proposed, which is based on output quality directly, rather than DO levels in the mixed liquor. This decreases total power consumption, and thereby decreases the operation cost of the STP.
System breakdown prediction and alerts – which generates predictive maintenance checks for eminent pump damaging condition, membrane choking condition and can calculate the remaining machine runtime left before pumps or membrane, are permanently damaged. It also detects system failure during pump damage, or membrane choking and generates error alerts so that corrective measures can be taken. It can also predict the lifespan of sewage treatment plant according to its runtime conditions, and generate predictive maintenance suggestions in order to expand the plant life. These meaningful insights can be useful in order to achieve better lifespan, and economical operation of the sewage treatment plant.
Water consumption habits of the locality – which is obtained by measuring the required water intake of the society (by calculating the number of people who will consume the water) and water quantity provided to the society through the water monitoring system. In the system of the present invention Source Node and Tail Nodes are deployed throughout the water distribution chain. With proper signal calibration and encryption with TLS protocol through Node McU, the data obtained from these sensors is transferred 24*7, via communication module to cloud, to be displayed on the LCD On-board Display. Based on the database, alert messages are generated whenever a system malfunction occurs in any of the measured parameters, and enables the corrective action by the authority. For e.g.
o At the source node, if quality parameters are not as per the norms, water can be diverted back to the sewage treatment unit for recycling through the CONTROL VALVE at Source Node,
o Tail node can be utilized for monitoring the consumption levels, as well as the billing purpose. Overall mass balance can give an idea for distribution losses and can also pinpoint the location for leakage in the system to prevent it.
o If the end user i.e. property holder has not paid the bill of water, then a warning alarm will be given to person to pay the bill. In case the he has not paid the bill for water for prolonged period, there is a possibility for the operator to stop water supply to that particular house via CONTROL VALVE at the Tail Node through microcontroller.
The Source Node contains two types of connections, 4G LTE, which is connected with GSM modem, to provide email alerts via 4G communication and 2G communication which sends SMS alerts for places where 4G connectivity still remains an issue.
In order to minimize initial and operating cost and complications of the project, the SIM card cost is limited by employing minimum number of SIM card connections to the Node Microcontroller Unit while adapting to new technology in this field i.e. Wireless Radio Frequency Data Transmission. This technology allows data transfer upto short distances and is cheaper than Wi-Fi module, thereby cutting down the initial cost. Another advantage of using this technology is that one receiver can collect data from a large number of remote water monitoring systems.
The system of the present invention helps in managing water generation and distribution system in the most efficient manner with an objective to conserve the water on one hand and make it available to every individual as and when they require at their usage point in every household. Automation and IoT enables total remote monitoring and control. Hence, it drastically cuts down the operation and maintenance cost. Conventional STPs require skilled technician to be present on the site for operation and maintenance. However in the present invention, all the quality parameters are monitored through website thereby enabling continuous quality assurance and smooth operation of the plant.
The system of the present invention integrates Machine Learning, TensorFlow and Reinforcement Learning using IoT on microprocessor based on RISC V or ARM Instruction Set Architecture. In the present invention, whenever the router loses 4G connectivity, a memory storage chip is provided, which stores the data until 4G connectivity is restored.
The membrane bio-reactor (MBR) sewage treatment plant (STP) of the present invention, as displayed in Fig. 1, comprises of anoxic, anaerobic and aerobic tanks for Biological Treatment, with MBR module packed in MBR Tank, Mechanical Screen, Submersible Sludge Recirculation, Trans Membrane Pressure and Transfer Pumps, and Cleaning Backwash Tank. Anoxic Tank contains Agitators and Dosing Pumps, and Aerobic Tank contains Air Blowers. The STP treated water passes through the Source Node before going through water distribution chain. Source Node, as shown in Fig. 3, entails conductivity, pH, ORP (free chlorine), fluoride, DO and nitrate sensor of water grade testing giving standard 0-10 V or 4-20 mA output, and electromagnetic flow meter on a single pluggable connectivity module with analogue to digital converter pins. Tail nodes, as displayed in Fig. 2, contain the following sensors giving standard 4-20 mA output. Flow sensors are present to measure quantity and ORP sensor to measure residual chlorine content and pressure transmitter to monitor distribution pressure.
The sewage treatment process according to the present invention is divided into three steps namely anaerobic treatment, aerobic treatment and MBR filtration. Initially, the sewage water from the collection tank enters the first chamber of the STP, which is the anaerobic chamber. Here, the reactions take place in absence of air with help of anaerobic bacteria. The input sewage water is mixed with liquor, and nitrogen and phosphorous are released through the Biological Nutrient Removal process. Next, the water flows into the second chamber of STP, which is the aerobic chamber. Here, reactions take place in presence of air with the help of aerobic bacteria. The organic and ammonical compounds are broken down into simpler compounds, carbon dioxide, nitrates and water. The water is drawn out through the pores of the MBR membrane due to suction pressure and enters the disinfection tank, where chlorination occurs. The submersible pump placed in the collection tank draws water into the anaerobic tank, the recirculation pump placed in the aerobic tank draws water from aerobic to anaerobic tank and suction pump draws water through MBR membrane into disinfection tank. All pumps in the system having interlocking arrangements for safety during plant trip / shutoff. There are five modes of operation of the STP, i.e. Regular, Backwash, Rinse, CIP and sludge removal. The MBR transmembrane differential pressure is used to switch the mode of operation of STP.
In normal cycle operation mode of Sewage Treatment plant, the microcontroller will perform the following functions:
a) Collect the data from quality and quantity sensors of Sewage Treatment Plant, ultrasonic water level sensors, Dissolved Oxygen sensor, and Source Node i.e. pH, ORP, fluoride, and nitrate sensor,
b) Control the pumps, blower and control valves using relays by computing data from water level sensor, water quality sensors and Dissolved Oxygen sensor,
• The water level of the anaerobic and collection tank is used to switch the submersible pump. The water level of the aerobic, anaerobic and MBR tank and dissolved oxygen concentration in the aerobic tank is used to switch the recirculation pump. The water level in the MBR tank is used to switch the suction pump.
• The online pH sensor reading in the anaerobic tank is used to switch the acid dosing and base dosing pumps, to maintain neutral pH.
• The online dissolved oxygen sensor reading and online nitrate sensor reading in the aerobic tank and online ammonium ion sensor reading in anaerobic tank are used to vary the speed of blowers to inject varying amounts of oxygen in water through diffusers.
• The online Dissolved Oxygen sensor reading is also used to vary the flow of recirculation pump using control valves
c) The single core microprocessor gets the data from the sensors and that data is sent to the web server using internet. The database is transferred to cloud via GSM module. The temperature sensor reading, pH sensor reading, dissolved oxygen sensor reading and ammonium ion sensor reading are sent to the cloud through IoT and displayed on the website in real-time in form of data analysis graphs. By performing machine learning, the relationships between different parameters of the STP are derived and the optimum values of pH, and dissolved oxygen in correspondence with the temperature reading are deduced. This optimization of MBR STP reduces the operation cost, improves the quality of output water, and enables predictive maintenance of sensors.
d) Performs continuous quality checks and triggers an alert to operator using 4G connectivity and SMS alert via GSM module, when quality parameters are off-limits,
e) Whenever the router loses 4G connectivity, it comes with on-chip memory storage, to store the data until cellular or 4G connectivity becomes available.
f) Whenever the current intake of any pump increases than its usual, which is detected by current sensor, the microcontroller sends an alert to the operator to perform quality check of that pump, and switch its operation to the standby pump, thereby providing predictive maintenance for pumps and blower.
g) With the help of real time clock, the microcontroller shifts the mode of operation of Sewage treatment plant between normal mode, backwash mode, and rinse mode, according to preset time intervals.
In Rinse and Backwash mode of the sewage treatment plant, the microcontroller will perform the following functions:
a) Switch different electrically controlled valves i.e. two backwash valves and two normal operation valves, ON and OFF, in order to maintain correct direction of flow through the membrane during these modes respectively.
b) Start Suction Pump without level sensor operation
c) During backwash and rinse mode, suction pump draws water from clean water tank through the MBR membrane into the MBR tank, whereas all other pumps work normally. There will be a repeated cycle of passing of chemicals through the MBR membrane during backwash mode. This repeated cycle consists of alkali, acid and pure water.
If the transmembrane pressure across the MBR membrane increases above set point, then the microcontroller stops all of its normal operation, turns OFF all the pumps and blower and sets the system in CIP (Cleaning In Process) Mode.
In CIP mode of Sewage Treatment Plant, the microcontroller will perform the following functions:
a) Turn ON the backwash valves, and CIP valve,
b) Close Recirculation Outlet to Aeration tank/ Anerobic Tank
c) Start Suction Pump without level sensor operation
d) The suction pump draws water from CIP tank through the MBR membrane placed in MBR tank and recirculation pump draws water from the MBR tank back to the CIP tank.
e) Alkali Wash till inlet and out let pH is same
f) Drain entire basic solution of MBR tank through recirculation pump
g) Pure Water Rinse for 3-5 Minutes
h) Acid Wash till inlet and out let pH is same
i) Drain entire basic solution of MBR tank through recirculation pump
j) Pure Water Rinse for 3-5 Minutes
k) Hypo Wash for 15-20 Minutes
l) Drain entire basic solution of MBR tank through recirculation pump
m) Pure Water Rinse for 3-5 Minutes
n) Switch the system from CIP mode to normal operation mode
o) Pre-determined and site specific time interval is set for sludge removal every week, or whenever there is requirement of sludge removal from MBR bed when higher MLSS is observed, Sludge Removal Mode is triggered through website;
In Sludge Removal mode of Sewage Treatment Plant, the microcontroller will perform the following functions:
a. all the pumps and blower are stopped;
b. after a specified time interval for stabilized condition, when sludge settles down at bottom, sludge recirculation pump is turned on, which pushes the sludge from MBR bed to the sludge tank;
c. after completion of sludge removal, the mode is switched back to normal operation mode
The Tail Node entails sensor for residual chlorine, a flow meter and/or pressure sensor to determine the quantity and regularity. In order to minimize initial and operating cost and complications of the project, SIM card cost has been limited by employing minimum number of SIM card connections to the Node MCU while adapting to new technology in this field – i.e. Wireless Radio Frequency Data Transmission. This technology allows data transfer up to short distances and is cheaper than Wi-Fi module, and 4G data charge, thereby cutting down the initial cost.
The RISC V architecture based microprocessor for enabling IoT on membrane bio-reactor sewage treatment plant, of the present invention is highly advantageous as it provides treatment of wastewater in a scientific and hygienic manner, which if not treated, is hazardous to the environment. The treated wastewater can be reused and thus reduces the burden on fresh water resources due to which continuous depletion of fresh water is limited. In case of water scarcity, government imposes water cuts due to which water usage for gardening is restricted. With the help of the present invention, fresh water can be available for gardening, promoting green and environment friendly neighborhood, thereby improving the ecosystem. Moreover the present invention optimizes power requirement through machine learning, thereby reducing carbon footprint. Communities all over the world, living under water stress, can be benefitted by the present invention. The present invention provides membrane bio-reactor sewage treatment plant equipped with IoT smart sensors integrated with a website that displays data analysis of the recorded sensor parameters and gives meaningful insights, suggestions for improvement as well as system check alerts to identify any defects in sensors as well as leakages at any point. Moreover if the end user i.e. property holder has not paid the bill of water, then a warning alarm is given to the person to pay the bill. In case he has not paid the bill for water for prolonged period, there is the facility for the operator to stop water supply to that particular house remotely. The present invention provides an automated, reliable, convenient, fast and cheaper sewage treatment plant which can be monitored remotely and doesn’t require the presence of skilled personnel at the STP site. Hence the present invention is highly advantageous.
Although the preferred embodiment as well as the construction and use have been specifically described, it should be understood that variations in the preferred embodiment could be achieved by a person skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. The invention has been described with reference to specific embodiment which is merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.
,CLAIMS:We claim,
1. RISC V architecture based microprocessor for enabling IoT on membrane bio-reactor sewage treatment plant which provides an automatic sewage treatment plant which can be remotely controlled which replaces conventional costly Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) units for control and automation wherein the chip used is RISC V or ARM based;
wherein the membrane bio-reactor (MBR) sewage treatment plant (STP) comprises of anoxic tank containing agitators and dosing pumps, anaerobic tank, aerobic tank containing air blowers, MBR module packed in MBR tank, mechanical screen, submersible sludge recirculation, trans membrane pressure and transfer pumps and cleaning backwash tank;
wherein one node is present at the onset of sewage treatment water distribution system which is known as the Source Node (Fig. 3) through which the STP treated water passes, which entails conductivity, pH, ORP (free chlorine), fluoride, Dissolved Oxygen and nitrate sensors of water grade testing giving standard 0-10 V or 4-20 mA output, and electromagnetic flow meter on a single pluggable connectivity module with analogue to digital converter pins;
wherein the other node is present at the end-point of the water distribution system which is known as Tail Node (Fig. 2) which contains flow sensors to measure quantity, ORP sensors to measure residual chlorine content and pressure transmitter to monitor distribution pressure which gives standard 4-20 mA output;
wherein at the Tail Node, wireless radio frequency data transmission technology is used at the Node MCU for data transmission;
wherein the data obtained from the sensors present at the nodes is used in determining usage pattern, time period of backwash, pump regulation, membrane cleaning and concentration and performance of the bacteria;
wherein the data obtained from the sensors is transferred continuously via communication module to cloud, which is displayed on the LCD On-board display screen in real time in the form of data analysis graphs; and
wherein alert messages are generated whenever a system malfunction occurs in any of the measured parameters, enabling corrective action by the authorities.
2. The RISC V architecture based microprocessor for enabling IoT on membrane bio-reactor sewage treatment plant as claimed in claim 1 wherein the corrective action by the authority includes:
diverting back the water to the sewage treatment unit for recycling through the Control Valve at the Source Node if the quality parameters of the treated water are not as per the norms;
monitoring the water consumption levels and water bill generation at the Tail Node with the help of flow sensors;
detection of leakage in the system by analyzing the data obtained from the Tail Node sensors; and
sending a warning alarm to the end-user if the bill has not been paid and stopping the water supply of the user through the Control Valve at the Tail Node through the microcontroller, if the bill hasn’t been paid for a long time.
3. The RISC V architecture based microprocessor for enabling IoT on membrane bio-reactor sewage treatment plant as claimed in claim 1 wherein the Source Node contains two types of network connections, 4G LTE which is connected with GSM modem and provides email alerts via 4G communications and 2G communication which sends SMS alerts at locations where 4G connectivity is not available.
4. The RISC V architecture based microprocessor for enabling IoT on membrane bio-reactor sewage treatment plant as claimed in claim 1 wherein the sewage treatment process involves the following steps:
(i) entering of the sewage water from the collection tank in the anoxic chamber in which water is drawn with the help of the submersible pump wherein the input sewage water is mixed with liquor containing anaerobic bacteria and reactions take place in the absence of air releasing nitrogen and phosphorus through the Biological Nutrient Removal process;
(ii) entering of anoxically treated sewage water in the anaerobic chamber wherein the reactions take place due to anaerobic bacteria in absence of air, releasing nitrogen and phosphorus through the Biological Nutrient Removal process;
(iii) entering of the anaerobically treated sewage water in the aerobic chamber wherein the aerobic chamber contains aerobic bacteria wherein reactions take place in the presence of air and organic and ammonical compounds break down into simpler compounds, carbon dioxides, nitrates and water; and
(iv) drawing out of water through the pores of the MBR membrane with the help of suction pumps into the disinfection tank wherein chlorination of the treated water is done to disinfect it.
5. The RISC V architecture based microprocessor for enabling IoT on membrane bio-reactor sewage treatment plant as claimed in claim 4 wherein the anoxic and anaerobic chambers can be combined for cost optimization as similar reactions take place in both the chambers.
6. The RISC V architecture based microprocessor for enabling IoT on membrane bio-reactor sewage treatment plant as claimed in claim 1 wherein the sewage treatment plant is operable in three modes, regular, backwash and rinse wherein the MBR transmembrane differential pressure is used to switch the mode of operation.
7. The RISC V architecture based microprocessor for enabling IoT on membrane bio-reactor sewage treatment plant as claimed in claim 5 wherein during the normal cycle operation of the sewage treatment plant, the microcontroller collects the data from quality and quantity sensors of Sewage Treatment Plant, ultrasonic water level sensors, Dissolved Oxygen sensor, and Source Node i.e. pH, ORP, fluoride, and nitrate sensor and controls the pumps, blower and control valves using relays by computing data from water level sensor, water quality sensors and Dissolved Oxygen sensor.
8. The RISC V architecture based microprocessor for enabling IoT on membrane bio-reactor sewage treatment plant as claimed in claim 6 wherein the water level of the anaerobic and collection tank determines the switching of the submersible pump;
wherein the water level of the aerobic and anaerobic tank and dissolved oxygen reading in the aerobic tank determines the switching of the recirculation pump;
wherein the water level in the MBR tank determines the switching of the suction pump;
wherein the online pH sensor reading in the anaerobic tank determines the switching of the acid dosing and base dosing pumps to maintain neutral pH;
wherein the online dissolved oxygen sensor reading and online nitrate sensor reading in the aerobic tank and online ammonium ion sensor reading in the anaerobic tank determines the speed of the blowers to inject varying amounts of oxygen in water through diffusers; and
wherein the online dissolved oxygen reading determines the flow of the recirculation pump using the control valves.
9. The RISC V architecture based microprocessor for enabling IoT on membrane bio-reactor sewage treatment plant as claimed in claim 5 wherein during the rinse and backwash mode of the sewage treatment plant, the microcontroller performs the following actions:
switches different electrically controlled valves namely two backwash valves and two normal operation valves, ON and OFF, in order to maintain correct direction of flow through the membrane during these modes respectively;
starts suction pump without level sensor operation which draws water from clean water tank through MBR membrane into MBR tank;
repeatedly passes chemicals namely alkali, acid and pure water through MBR membrane during backwash mode; and
sets the system in Cleaning in Process (CIP) mode if the transmembrane pressure across MBR membrane increases above set point by stopping all the normal operations and turning off all the pumps and blowers.
10. The RISC V architecture based microprocessor for enabling IoT on membrane bio-reactor sewage treatment plant as claimed in claim 8 wherein in the CIP mode involves the following steps:
(i) turning ON the backwash valves and the CIP valves;
(ii) closing recirculation outlet to aeration tank and anaerobic tank;
(iii) starting suction pump without level sensor operator;
(iv) drawing water from the CIP tank with the help of the suction pump through the MBR membrane placed in the MBR tank;
(v) drawing water from the MBR tank back to the CIP tank through the recirculation pump;
(vi) washing with alkali till inlet and outlet pH is same;
(vii) draining entire basic solution of MBR tank through recirculation pump;
(viii) rinsing with pure water for 3-5 minutes;
(ix) washing with acid till inlet and outlet pH is same;
(x) draining entire basic solution of MBR tank through recirculation pump;
(xi) rinsing with pure water for 3-5 minutes;
(xii) hypo washing for 15-20 minutes;
(xiii) draining entire basic solution of MBR tank through recirculation pump;
(xiv) rinsing with pure water for 3-5 minutes;
(xv) switching back the system from CIP mode to normal mode.
(xvi) removing of sludge every week at pre-determined and site specific time interval or as per the requirement of sludge removal from the MBR bed by triggering the sludge removal mode from the website;
(xvii) stopping the working of all pumps and blowers in the sludge removal mode;
(xviii) turning on the sludge recirculation pump after a specified time interval which pushes the sludge from the MBR bed to the sludge tank; and
(xix) switching back to normal operation mode after completion of sludge removal.