FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Till date no device has been developed to automatically stop machines in the industry (large
scale and small scale) or in the house-hold where causality to people is often seen due to
unforeseen situations. The device will be placed at the sensitive areas of the machine
responsible for damage to human being and even leads to death in many cases. This invention
will protect the workers or other persons from getting injured at their workplace.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Rapid growth in the human population and the necessity of fulfilling their needs, the industry
sector has grown tremendously huge both with human operated and automatic machineries.
Still count stand large for the countries where manpower dependency in the industry sector is
huge due to unaffordable costly automatic machineries. As per the report published in the
article [1], 4266 accidental cases has been observed during the year 2014-2017, out of which
2759 cases result to death. In 1983, the Govt. of India enacted the “Dangerous Machines
(Regulation) Act-1983" (DMRA-1983) to provide the regulation of trade and commerce in
and production, supply, distribution and use of the product of any industry producing
dangerous machines with a view to securing the welfare of labour operating any such
machines and for payment of compensation for the death or bodily injury suffered by any
labourers while operating any such machine, and for matters connected therewith or
incidental thereto.
We all know compensation in mode of payment can be only an instantaneous support and the
void space created due the miss-happening can never be filled. Thus, motivates us to come up
with a solution that can reduce such accidents. In this regard, we have developed a device that
can implant at the sensitive areas near and on the machine where a single mistake can result
in severe injury or results to death. The device will sense the presence of living creature
before a preset distance and it will suddenly turnoff the power supply to machine. The preset
distance will be set as per the application as illustrated in Table 1.
Sr. No. APPLICATION LIMITING PRESET (FEET)
1. Conveyor Belt Machine 1.5
2. Sugarcane machine 0.5
3. Chara-cutting machine 0.5
Similarly, other machines can also be connected where causalities are often seen.
[1] https://www.thehindu.com/data/industrial-accidents-claimed-over-6300-lives-between2014-and-2017/ article61685718.ece
COMMON MACHINE SAFETY DEVICES
Till date no such protective device has been developed, except the safeguard devices such as
Safety light curtains, LED indicator lights, etc. These measures are not found suitable for the
instantaneous accident caused due to several reasons, such as people fall on the conveyor
belt, or suddenly small baby approaches to similar machines. Hence, problem still persists.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
1. The device will continuously monitor the existence of living being near the device.
2. The device is also capable of terminating the supply of the machine if it found any living
creature under the predefined distance.
As various safeguard mechanism are proposed while working near machines but still these
mechanism are not sufficient at few instances. The objective of the invention is to force the
workers and user to maintain the necessary distance to reduce the causality due to unforeseen
situations while user or worker approaches very near to danger zone of the machinery.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Block diagram of the proposed project is shown in Fig 1. Once the device gets on, the
decision making device (2) i.e. Arduino Promini, sends signal to activate the occupancy
measuring device (1) i.e. E18-D80NK Adjustable IR Sensor. The occupancy sensor (1)
detects the presence of the object and measures the occupancy and this information is sent to
decision making device (2). If occupancy is detected then decision device (2) sends the signal
to switching circuit (4). The power supply device (3) is connected to load set via switching
circuit (4). If occupancy is detected then decision device (2) switch on the alarming device
(5) that will switch on the LED and blow the buzzer and switching circuit (4) will turn off the
load to avoid any damage.
EXPERIMENTAL HARDWARE COMPONENT DESCRIPTION OF THE
PROPOSED DEVICE
The analysis and design of the risk minimizing device for small and large scale industries is
implemented in hardware. The input power is taken from AC source and converted to 5V
DC, which is the requirement of the working of the microcontroller. The components used in
this project are as follows:
1. Occupancy measuring device (1): It measure occupancy of the person using IR rays. The
E18-D80NK Adjustable IR Sensor works on the IR signals. It does not depend on the
ambient lights as normal IR sensor does not work properly at different light intensity. It
has source LED (Tx) of specific IR wavelengths, the transmission medium used for
infrared transmission, which includes vacuum, atmosphere etc. the infrared detector (Rx)
completes the system for detecting infrared radiation. The output from the detector is
usually very small, and hence pre-amplifiers coupled with circuitry are added to further
process the received signals. The detection distance can be adjusted according to the
demand. The sensor has a typical detection range of 3-50cm.
Connections:
 Brown wire: +5V
 Blue wire: GND
 Black wire: Digital output.
E18-D80NK Adjustable range IR Sensor
2. Decision Making Device (2): It is used to take the decision of sending the signal to
switching circuits based on the occupancy measuring device. We have used Arduino
Promini which have Atmel AVR (ATMEGA 328) microcontroller as a decision making
device. The purpose of using this microcontroller is that it comes along with cross
platform Integrated Development Environment (IDE), easy to use and lower price.
Arduino Promini board
3. Switching Circuits (4): In this project switching circuit consists of relay driver and Relay.
a) Relay driver: BD139 Transistor
Arduino Promini do not operate relay directly because relay needs very high current and
microcontroller is not able to provide this much amount of current. So we need BD139
transistor as a relay driver to operate the relay.
BD139 Transistor
b) Relay:
We have used Relay as a switching circuit. It is an electronically operated switch. When
current flows through the coil, it generates a magnetic field which attracts the lever and the
changes the switching contact point. Current can be made on and off using it. A 5VDC
relay is used in this project.
SPDT 5V relay
4. Alarming Device (5): In this project two types of alarming devices are used. One of them
is LED and others are buzzer.
a) LED: LED is used as an indicator.
LED
b) BUZZER: It is a device which is used to make a beep sound.
Buzzer
5. Power supply unit (3): The power supply unit provides the AC power and DC power for
the working of the various electronic devices.
Regulator IC 7805:
A voltage regulator IC 7805 is used to convert varying input voltage into a constant
'regulated' output voltage.
Voltage Regulator IC 7805
ADVANTAGE OF THIS INVENTION
1. The minimum distance between load device and user will be maintained
2. Due to this accident will be minimized
3. Low cost .

We Claim
1. A Risk Minimizing Device for Small and Large Scale Industries is comprises of
distance detector (1), decision device (2), power supply (3), switching circuit (4),
alarming device (5), and power socket (6).
2. The decision device (2) as claimed in claim 1 is a microcontroller utilized as decision
and controlling device, it takes the input from of the distance detector (1) and
generates the appropriate signal for switching circuit (4) and alarming device(5).
3. The distance detector (1) as claimed in claim 1 is an IR sensor which estimates the
distance of the object from device and send a signal to the decision device (2) for
further processing.
4. The switching circuit (4) as claimed in claim 1 comprises of single pole double throw
(SPDT) 5V DC relay (8) and power socket (11). It switches power ON/ OFF in power
socket (11) based on the decision made by the decision device (2).
5. The alarm system (4) as claimed in claim 1 is consists of buzzer (9) and a LED (10)
activates for intimation when object is closer to the device. LED indicates the
switching off of the device.
6. The Power socket (11) as claimed in claim 1 is a controlled power source terminal,
which supplies the power to the load.
7. The power supply device (3) as claimed in claim 1 provides the different voltage level
to different components of the proposed device.