Description:[001] The present invention relates to the field of the concrete composition and method thereof with novel techniques and methods. The invention more particularly relates to road drains made with pervious concrete composition and method thereof.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[002] The following description provides the information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.
[003] Further, the approaches described in this section are approaches that could be pursued, but not necessarily approaches that have been previously conceived or pursued. Therefore, unless otherwise indicated, it should not be assumed that any of the approaches described in this section qualify as prior art merely by virtue of their inclusion in this section.
[004] To regulate stormwater runoff, reduce the risk of flooding, and increase the tensile strength of roadways, pervious drains along roads made of pervious concrete have become viable options. Water can travel through pervious concrete used in road drainage systems, minimising runoff and promoting penetration into the soil. The benefits, design factors, building methods, and maintenance needs of pervious drains composed of pervious concrete are all covered in this article. The essay also covers the drawbacks and restrictions of using pervious concrete as a road drainage system and emphasises the need for more study in this area.
[005] Concrete and other impermeable materials are frequently used in traditional drainage systems, which prevent water from penetrating the soil. Runoff and flooding result from the water flowing over the surface instead. To handle the stormwater runoff, these systems need sophisticated and expensive infrastructure, such as catch basins, pipes, and detention basins. Additionally, they frequently clog, which can result in high maintenance expenditures.
[006] Conversely, pervious concrete is a greener option that permits water to seep into the soil. It is a porous substance with a high void content, typically ranging from 15% to 35%. Since the voids are connected, water can flow through the substance easily, reducing runoff and the chance of flooding.
Pervious concrete has been proven to be a helpful tool for controlling stormwater runoff in numerous studies. It has been shown to significantly reduce runoff compared to conventional drainage systems—by as much as 80%. It has also been demonstrated to enhance water quality by filtering contaminants such as heavy metals, oil, and grease.
[007] Accordingly, on the basis of aforesaid facts, there remains a need in the prior art to provide road drains made with pervious concrete composition and method thereof. Therefore, it would be useful and desirable to have a system, method, apparatus and interfaces to meet the above-mentioned needs.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[008] In view of the foregoing disadvantages inherent in the known types of conventional concrete compositions, methods and techniques, are now present in the prior art, the present invention provides road drains made with pervious concrete composition and method thereof, which has all the advantages of the prior art and none of the disadvantages.
[009] It is an object of the present invention, beyond all the art styles developed before, this style is something new for the art loving people. Today’s world is all of new inventions and people also want something new and unique everytime. The present method provides the new art style for this society.
[010] Roadside pervious concrete drains are a practical and sustainable stormwater control solution and the best groundwater recharge technique. Modern infrastructure development can be made more sustainable and affordable using pervious concrete for road drains. These drains can promote groundwater recharge, lessen the need for costly stormwater management systems, and prevent flooding and water pollution by limiting the amount of runoff that enters the storm sewer system. The idea offers several advantages, including economic savings, environmental advantages, and aesthetic appeal, and can be employed in various road construction applications. An invention is a perfect option for contemporary road building because it is robust and straightforward to maintain and repair. Urban and suburban areas can benefit significantly from pervious concrete drains.
[011] In this respect, before explaining at least one object of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of set of rules and to the arrangements of the various models set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other objects and of being practiced and carried out in various ways, according to the need of that industry. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting.
[012] These together with other objects of the invention, along with the various features of novelty which characterize the invention, are pointed out with particularity in the disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and the specific objects attained by its uses, reference should be made to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which there are illustrated preferred embodiments of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[013] When considering the following thorough explanation of the present invention, it will be easier to understand it and other objects than those mentioned above will become evident. Such description refers to the illustrations in the annex, wherein:
[014] FIG. 1-9, illustrates various representation for road drains made with pervious concrete composition and method thereof, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[015] The following sections of this article will provide various embodiments of the current invention with references to the accompanying drawings, whereby the reference numbers utilised in the picture correspond to like elements throughout the description. However, this invention is not limited to the embodiment described here and may be embodied in several other ways. Instead, the embodiment is included to ensure that this disclosure is extensive and complete and that individuals of ordinary skill in the art are properly informed of the extent of the invention. Numerical values and ranges are given for many parts of the implementations discussed in the following thorough discussion. These numbers and ranges are merely to be used as examples and are not meant to restrict the claims' applicability. A variety of materials are also recognised as fitting for certain aspects of the implementations. These materials should only be used as examples and are not meant to restrict the application of the innovation.
[016] Referring now to the drawings, these are illustrated in FIG. 1-4, the present invention discloses road drains made with pervious concrete composition and method thereof. With the help of pervious concrete, the current invention suggests a revolutionary remedy for road pervious drains. The method of making pervious concrete road drains described in the invention involves the following steps:
Step 1: Excavation
[017] Excavation is the first stage in the building of road pervious drains. The needed depth of the drainage system determines the excavation depth. For appropriate installation, the excavation needs to be a little bit wider than the drain's width. The area where the pervious concrete will be installed is excavated to a depth of about 300mm.
Step 2: Base Preparation
[018] The base should be ready after the excavation is finished. At the bottom of the excavation, spread a layer of gravel or broken stone. The layer should be compressed and roughly 6 inches thick.
Step 3: Reinforcement installation
[019] The installation of reinforcement comes next. The gravel layer should be covered with a reinforcing mesh. To keep the excavation from moving while the pervious concrete is being installed, the mesh needs to be fastened to the sides of the excavation.
Step 4: Pervious concrete installation
[020] The pervious concrete should be installed on top of the reinforcement mesh. The concrete should be mixed with a high water-cement ratio, typically between 0.30 and 0.45, to ensure a high void content.
Recharge Estimation:
[021] To assess the effectiveness of the road drains, it is proposed to calculate the possible recharge capacity from the previous concrete specimen. Road drains are constructed with pervious concrete structures along both sides of the road, which is seen in Figure 1 for artificial groundwater recharge, which would reduce not only stormwater risks in cities but also boost water availability. The structure is created such that the maximum amount of runoff from the road is delivered back to the ground, increasing groundwater recharge with the aid of normal rainfall and peak rainfall occurring.
Pervious concrete infiltration test in the laboratory:
[022] The infiltration rate of water passing through pervious concrete in the laboratory is calculated using a formula from the ASTM C1701 codebook, as shown in Figure 2.
I = KM/D2×t
I - Infiltration rate in mm/h
K - Constant Value (4583666000) in SI units
M- Mass of infiltrated water in kg
D- Inside diameter of the infiltration ring in mm
t- Time required for a measured amount of water to infiltrate the concrete in sec.
Recharge through drains (Fo) = Drain infiltration rate * Surface area
Fo = Fi*SA m3/hrs
Fo= Recharge through drains
Fi= Drain infiltration rate
SA= Surface Area
Surface Area = L*B
= Length of the road *breadth of the drain
SA = LB m2
Recharge through the road drains:
**Consider a road length of 100 metres and breadth based on the type of road, i.e., Residential roads of 0.304m, Primary Roads of 0.457m and Highway roads of 0.609m and infiltration capacity of pervious concrete from table 2**
Recharge through drains (Fo) = Drain infiltration rate * Surface area
Fo = Fi*SA m3/hrs
Surface area of Residential roads = Length of the road *Breadth of the drain
= (100*0.304)
SA = 30.4 m2
Surface area of Primary roads = Length of the road *Breadth of the drain
= 100*0.457
SA = 45.7 m2
Surface area of Highway roads= Length of the road *Breadth of the drain
= 100*0.609
SA = 60.9 m2
Recharge through drains Residential roads (Fo)rr = Drain infiltration rate * Surface area
(Fo)rr = Fi*SA m3/hrs
(Fo)rr = 30.27*30.4
(Fo)rr = 920.20 m3/hrs
Recharge through drains Primary roads (Fo)pr = Drain infiltration rate * Surface area
(Fo)pr = 30.27*45.7
(Fo)pr = 1383.33 m3/hrs
Recharge through drains Highway roads (Fo)hr = Drain infiltration rate * Surface area
(Fo)hr = 30.27*60.97
(Fo)hr = 1,845.56 m3/hrs
Design considerations for pervious drains along roads made with pervious concrete:
[023] Designing pervious drains along roads made with pervious concrete requires careful consideration of several factors. The following are the critical design considerations for pervious drains:
Drainage capacity:
[024] The estimated intensity and length of the rainfall should be used to calculate the pervious drain's drainage capacity. The drainage system should have enough room to accommodate the expected stormwater runoff.
Drainage slope:
[025] A sufficient slope should be on the pervious drain to aid water drainage. To guarantee that the water flows in the intended direction and does not stagnate, the slope should be built.
Subgrade preparation:
[026] The proper drainage of water depends on the preparation of the subgrade. To avoid settling, which can cause water ponding, the subgrade should be appropriately graded and compacted.
Concrete mix:
[027] The pervious concrete mix is prepared by combining coarse aggregate, cement, chemical admixture and water in the correct proportions.
a. Coarse aggregate: 50-60% by volume
b. Cement: 10-15% by volume
c. Water: 15-20% by volume
Pervious concrete thickness:
[028] For the pervious drain to function properly, the thickness of the pervious concrete layer is essential. The layer should be thick enough to resist the anticipated traffic loads and have enough porosity to allow drainage.
Joint spacing:
[029] The performance of the pervious drain must take the joint spacing into account. To prevent water from ponding on the surface, joint spacing should be created to ensure that water flows through the joints.
[030] Edge restraint: Edge constraint is required to maintain the proper drainage capacity and stop the pervious concrete from spreading. Concrete, metal, or plastic are just a few materials that can be used to create an edge restriction.
[031] Pouring and compaction: To eliminate voids, the pervious concrete mixture is poured into the formwork and compressed.
[032] Curing: To guarantee that the pervious concrete reaches its maximum strength, it must be cured for at least seven days.
[033] Surface treatment: The pervious concrete is given a surface treatment to improve its durability and attractiveness.
[034] Design of pervious drains along road made with pervious concrete:
Benefits of pervious drains along roads made with pervious concrete:
[035] Pervious drains along roads made with pervious concrete offer numerous benefits over traditional drainage systems. The following are the key benefits of pervious drains:
[036] Managing stormwater runoff: Water can pass through pervious concrete, minimising runoff and promoting penetration into the soil. Groundwater is refilled, the chance of floods is decreased, and erosion is kept to a minimum, thanks to water infiltration.
[037] Filtering pollutants: Pollutants, including grease and oil, and heavy metals, can be filtered by pervious concrete. Pollutant filtering raises water quality and lessens stormwater runoff's adverse environmental effects.
Enhancing durability: A strong material that can handle high traffic loads is pervious concrete. The longevity of roads is increased, and the maintenance required is decreased when pervious concrete is used in road drainage systems.
Application of pervious concrete for road pervious drains:
[038] Pervious concrete for road drains has several benefits, including reduction in runoff: By allowing water to permeate through its surface, pervious concrete lowers runoff and prevents flooding.
[039] Environmental benefits: Pervious concrete enhances air quality, lessens the number of pollutants that enter streams, and encourages the growth of flora.
Cost savings: Compared to conventional concrete, pervious concrete requires less maintenance and less expensive drainage systems.
Aesthetic appeal: To improve its aesthetic appeal, pervious concrete can be customised with various colours and textures.
[040] The above-mentioned invention is provided with the preciseness in its real-world applications to provide road drains made with pervious concrete composition and method thereof.
[041] It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. For example, the above-discussed embodiments may be used in combination with each other. Many other embodiments will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description.
[042] The benefits and advantages that the present invention may offer have been discussed above with reference to particular embodiments. These benefits and advantages are not to be interpreted as critical, necessary, or essential features of any or all of the embodiments, nor are they to be read as any elements or constraints that might contribute to their occurring or becoming more evident.
[043] Although specific embodiments have been used to describe the current invention, it should be recognized that these embodiments are merely illustrative and that the invention is not limited to them. The aforementioned embodiments are open to numerous alterations, additions, and improvements. These adaptations, changes, additions, and enhancements are considered to be within the purview of the invention.
, Claims:1. A sub-base of the road drains, which is composed of gravel or crushed rock having a particle size of between 10 and 20 mm.
2. The road drains as claimed in claim 1, wherein using a road drain in a residential, commercial, or industrial sector is suggestable.
3. The road drains as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pervious road drain, which lowers runoff and prevents flooding.
4. The road drains as claimed in claim 1, wherein the road drain, which improves air quality and decreases the amount of pollutants entering rivers.
5. The road drains as claimed in claim 1, wherein the road drain, which requires less maintenance than conventional concrete and minimizes the need for costlier drainage systems.
6. The road drains as claimed in claim 1, wherein the road drain, which blends in with the surroundings and appears to be a natural part of the road.
7. The road drains as claimed in claim 1, wherein the road drain, wherein best groundwater recharge technique with low cost.