Description:“RUPTURE DETECTION AND PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR WATER CONDUCTOR SYSTEM OF HYDRO POWER PLANTS”

FIELD OF INVENTION:
[001] The present invention relates to water conductor system of hydro power plants that convey water from the reservoir to the turbines. More specifically, the present invention relates to detection of rupture and provision of a protection system in the water conductor system of hydro power plants.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION/PRIOR ART:
[002] Background description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.

[003] Hydroelectric power plants consist of reservoir, dam, gates, head race tunnel, penstock, valves, surge tank, turbine, generator and control mechanism etc. Hydro power plants convert potential energy stored in the reservoir into mechanical energy of rotor which is ultimately converted into electrical energy. Water conductor system from reservoir to inlet of turbine is always under high pressure in shut down as well as in operating condition. Pressure at any point of water conductor system in shut down condition is equal to gross head at that point, while it is gross head minus losses and kinetic head in operating condition. Pipes of the water conductor system are mechanical components manufactured through welding process.

[004] Water conduction systems carry huge quantities of water under high pressure to hydro power plants over long distances. The system of pipes that convey water is called water conductor system. Since, water conductor system is always under pressure and if it’s welding quality and/or material quality is compromised due to any reasons or it’s design is inadequate, it will invite a major or minor rupture in it. Hence, there always exists the risk of a water leak due to rupture in the pipes of the water conductor system. Such leaks can lead to catastrophic damage to the hydro power plant and/or to the other areas adjoining the penstocks due to flooding. Further, it leads to a huge loss of water.

[005] It is hence of utmost importance that any major/minor leak in the system is detected as early as possible so that corrective action can be initiated immediately and any major damage to life or property can be avoided. With this objective, a rupture detection system has been developed in the present invention.

[006] Thus, it is an objective of this invention to provide a rupture detection and protection system so that any major/minor leaks can be detected and early corrective actions can be taken to safeguard the plant, equipment and life. Such rupture detection system is significant for the safety and avoiding longer period break downs and losses.

PRIOR ART
[007] Some systems given in prior art detect a sudden increase of water flow in a water service main upon the occurrence of rupture. However, it has a significant defect in the fact that it may respond to a momentary sudden increase of initial flow at the start of pump. It is devised for pumping applications not for turbine application.

[008] Another system detects a sudden decrease of pressure in the pressure main. However it requires troublesome readjustments from time to time, with respect to their triggering threshold, because of the increase of passage resistance in the water service main which results from rust accumulating on inner surface thereof for a long period. It is also devised for pumping applications.

[009] Prior art 3628563 provides improved rupture detecting means for water service mains which is not falsely triggered by a sudden increase of water service main caused by pump starting and does not require extremely troublesome readjustment of its reference threshold for long term pressure drops. However, this is also applicable in pumping applications not holds good for minor rupture in hydro turbine projects.

[0010] Prior art 2750581 relates to the penstocks of hydro-electrical power plants and to pipe lines for transmission of fluids or gases based on measurement of flow difference at two points of penstock by pitot tubes. However, this is not applicable for those hydro-electrical power plants where branched water conductor system is there.

OBJECTIVES OF INVENTION:
[0011] Objective of this invention is to develop a system that generates control commands as per control fed to connected devices for action/alarm or alarm message to operator for taking decision as per guideline of operation of plant.

[0012] Another objective of this invention is to provide exhaustive checks in the system so that it does not falsely trigger, either due to malfunctioning of sensors or fluctuations in hydraulic parameters and generates alarms only and only when a major/minor leak has occurred.

[0013] Another objective of the present invention is to provide a rupture detection and protection system for single or branched water conductor system of hydro power plants i.e. whether single or multiple turbines are being used by the water conductor system.

[0014] These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art after a consideration of the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which a preferred form of the present invention is illustrated.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION:
[0015] One or more drawbacks of conventional systems and process are overcome, and additional advantages are provided through the apparatus/composition and a method as claimed in the present disclosure. Additional features and advantages are realized through the technicalities of the present disclosure. Other embodiments and aspects of the disclosure are described in detail herein and are considered to be part of the claimed disclosure.

[0016] The present invention comprises of a rupture detection and protection system which not only detects any major or minor leak in the water conductor system, but also generates alarms in the control system of the hydro power plant so that corrective isolation action can be immediately taken. Further, various novel inventive features have been incorporated in the present invention including elimination of false alarms due to changes in operating loads, detection of rupture in case of multiple generating units in a single power plant etc. which have not been addressed in the prior art.

[0017] Rupture in water conductor system, either major or minor, can be detected by monitoring discharge at penstock valve (BFV), pressure at BFV, pressure and discharge at Main Inlet valve (MIV) of any unit of hydro turbines and surge tank water level. These parameters are continuously fed to SCADA system in addition of head, speed, guide vanes opening, power generation etc. for the purpose of detection of rupture.

[0018] Thus, according to this invention there is provided an arrangement and set-up of instruments for “rupture detection & protection system for water conductor system of hydro power plant” such that:
1) Major/minor rupture between reservoir and BFV can be detected;
2) Major/minor rupture between BFV and MIV can be detected;
3) Multiple units connected with same HRT can be detected;
4) System covers halt, transition as well as synchronized conditions of power house;
5) False alarms due to malfunctioning of instruments or changes in hydraulic conditions are eliminated;
6) Control for above protection system.

[0019] Various objects, features, aspects, and advantages of the inventive subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, along with the accompanying drawing figures in which like numerals represent like components.

[0020] It is to be understood that the aspects and embodiments of the disclosure described above may be used in any combination with each other. Several of the aspects and embodiments may be combined to form a further embodiment of the disclosure.

[0021] The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS
[0022] The illustrated embodiments of the subject matter will be best understood by reference to the drawings, wherein like parts are designated by like numerals throughout. The following description is intended only by way of example, and simply illustrates certain selected embodiments of devices, systems, and processes that are consistent with the subject matter as claimed herein, wherein:

[0023] Figure 1 shows: Rupture detection and protection system for water conductor system of hydro power plants according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 shows: Control of SCADA system for most expected rupture cases of water conductor system of the invention.

[0025] Figure 3 shows: Rupture Occurred between BFV & MIVs – leakage due to rupture.

[0026] Figure 4 shows: Rupture Occurred between BFV & MIVs – Pressure at BFV.

[0027] Figure 5 shows: Rupture Occurred between BFV & MIVs – discharge (Q) at BFV.

[0028] Figure 6 shows: Rupture Occurred between BFV & MIVs – Pressure at MIV1.

[0029] Figure 7 shows: Rupture Occurred between BFV & MIVs – discharge (Q) at MIV1.

[0030] Figure 8 shows: Rupture Occurred between BFV & MIVs – Pressure at MIV2.

[0031] Figure 9 shows: Rupture Occurred between BFV & MIVs – discharge (Q) at MIV2.

[0032] Figure 10 shows: Rupture Occurred between BFV & MIVs – Surge Tank water level.

[0033] The figures depict embodiments of the disclosure for purposes of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the disclosure described herein.

[0034] DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION WITH REFERENCE TO THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS:

[0035] While the embodiments of the disclosure are subject to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiment thereof have been shown by way of example in the figures and will be described below. It should be understood, however, that it is not intended to limit the disclosure to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the disclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternative falling within the scope of the disclosure.

[0036] The present invention makes a disclosure regarding a technology pertaining to invention directing to Rupture detection and protection system for water conductor system (108) of hydro power plants.

[0037] The invention lies in “Development of detection and protection electro-mechanical system for accurate, highly sensitive and manual intervention free for minor to major rupture occurring anywhere in water conductor system (108) of hydro machines”. This system, comprising of various types of sensors and mechanical electrical items which are explicitly placed and connected to ensure smart detection and protection system.

[0038] In the present invention, a detailed framework has been developed for the rupture detection system. The same has been explained as a block diagram illustrating the invented system of the present invention (taking the example of bifurcated water conductor system (108) consisting of one turbine in each branch). The major components of a hydro power station comprising Upstream reservoir (100), HRT (head race tunnel), Surge Tank (101), BFV (butter fly valve), Water conducting pipes (penstock), MIV(main inlet valve), Turbine (T1, T2), Draft tube (111), TRT (tail race tunnel) & Downstream reservoir (113) as shown in the Figure 1. In addition to these, power output device (109), speed sensor (110), guide vane feedback device (112) are installed for monitoring live parameters.

[0039] To fulfill the requirement of this invention, following sensors are installed for monitoring pressure, flow rate and water level at various locations of water conductor system (108) for getting live parameters instantaneously.
- Ultrasonic flow meter at BFV
- Pressure sensor at BFV
- Pressure sensors at inlet of MIV-1&2
- Ultrasonic flow meters at inlet of MIV-1&2
- Water level sensor for surge tank

[0040] For measuring the water flow and pressure, there are provided ultrasonic flow meters and pressure sensors at BFV and MIV in the water conductor system (108). In addition to these, one sensor is installed for measurement of water level in surge tank (101) main body.

[0041] SCADA system (S) works on the basis of the novel logic developed in the present invention for most expected rupture cases of water conductor system (108).

[0042] Major or minor rupture may take place in following possible scenario:
1. both turbines are in stop condition.
2. i) any one turbine is running but still not reached at synchronized condition.
ii) any one turbine is in synchronized condition.

3. i) both turbines are in running but still not reached at synchronized condition.
ii) both turbines are in synchronized condition.
[0043] Now, reference may be made to Figure 2.

CASE 1: Both turbines are in stop condition:
[0044] If pressure at BFV is approx. equal to reference value, pressures at MIV-1 & 2 are approx. equal to reference value and flow at BFV is more than zero and beyond the accuracy level of flow meter. It indicates minor or major rupture in the water conductor system (108) depending on the flow rate at BFV. In this situation operator should open bypass valve near BFV and close BFV as per closing law.

[0045] In second condition, pressure at BFV is approx. equal to reference value, pressure at any MIV-1or2 or both are less than reference value and flow at BFV is more than zero and beyond the accuracy level of flow meter. It indicates major rupture in the water conductor system. In this situation operator should open bypass valve near BFV and close BFV as per closing law.

[0046] In third condition pressures at BFV and MIV -1 &2 are less than reference value and level in surge tank (101) less than reference value indicates major or minor rupture in upstream from BFV. In this situation operator should close gate of reservoir and surge tank.

CASE 2: i) Any one turbine is in running but still not reached at synchronized condition:

[0047] If flow at BFV is more than flow passing through the turbine and it is beyond the accuracy level of flow meter. It indicates minor or major rupture in the water conductor system (108), that depends on the flow rate difference. In this situation, operator should go for controlled shutdown of the running turbine, open bypass valve near BFV and close BFV as per closing law.

ii) Any one turbine is in running & synchronized condition:
[0048] If pressure at BFV is approx. equal to reference value, pressures at MIV-1&2 are approx. equal to reference value and flow at BFV is more than flow passing through the running turbine and beyond the accuracy level of flow meter. It indicates minor or major rupture in the water conductor system (108), which depends on the flow rate difference. In this situation operator should go for controlled shutdown of the running turbine, open bypass valve near BFV and close BFV as per recommended closing time.

[0049] In second condition, if pressure at BFV is approx. equal to reference value, pressure at any MIV-1/2 or both are less than reference value and flow at BFV is more than flow passing through the running turbine and beyond the accuracy level of flow meter. It indicates major rupture in the water conductor system (108). In this situation too, operator should go for controlled shutdown of the running turbines, open bypass valve near BFV and close BFV as per recommended closing time.

[0050] In third condition, if pressure at BFV is less than reference value and level in the surge tank (101) is less than reference value. It indicates major/minor rupture which may be before or after the BFV. In this situation, operator should monitor the surge tank (101) level for sufficient time and if still surge tank (101) level is falling continuously, then operator should go for controlled shutdown of the running machine & open the bypass valve near BFV, then close the BFV & the gate of surge tank.

[0051] In fourth condition, if pressure at BFV is less than reference value and flow at BFV is more than flow passing through both the turbines and is beyond the accuracy level of flow meter. It indicates major rupture in the water conductor system (108). In this situation, operator should go for controlled shutdown of both turbines, open bypass valve near BFV, close BFV as per recommended closing time and close the gate of surge tank (101).
CASE 3: i) Both turbines are in running but still not reached at synchronized condition:

[0052] If flow at BFV is more than flow passing through both the turbine and it is beyond the accuracy level of flow meter. It indicates minor or major rupture in the water conductor system (108) that depends on the flow rate difference. In this situation, operator should go for controlled shutdown of the running turbines, open bypass valve near BFV and close BFV as per recommended closing time.

ii) Both turbines are in running & synchronized condition:
[0053] If pressure at BFV is approx. equal to reference value, pressures at MIV-1&2 are approx. equal to reference value and flow at BFV is more than flow passing through both machines and it is beyond the accuracy level of flow meter. It indicates minor or major rupture in the water conductor system (108) depending on the flow rate difference. In this situation, operator should go for controlled shutdown of the running turbines, open bypass valve near BFV and close BFV as per recommended closing time.

[0054] In second condition, if pressure at BFV is approx. equal to reference value, pressure at any MIV-1/2 or both are less than reference value and flow at BFV is more than flow passing through both turbines and it is beyond the accuracy level of flow meter. It indicates major rupture in the water conductor system (108) that depends on the flow rate difference. In this situation, operator should go for controlled shutdown of both machines, open bypass valve near BFV and close BFV as per recommended closing time.

[0055] In third condition, if pressure at BFV is less than reference value and water level in the surge tank (101) is less than reference value. It indicates major/minor rupture in the water conductor system (108) which may be before/after the BFV. In this situation, operator should go for controlled shutdown of both turbines, open bypass valve near BFV, close BFV as per closing law and close the gate of surge tank.

[0056] In fourth condition, if pressure at BFV is less than reference value and flow at BFV is more than flow passing through both turbines and is beyond the accuracy level of flow meter. It indicates major rupture in the water conductor system (108). In this situation, operator should go for controlled shutdown of both turbines (T1, T2), open bypass valve near BFV, close BFV as per recommended closing time and close the gate of surge tank.

[0057] ADVANTAGES
- Any major/minor leaks can be detected and early corrective actions can be taken to safeguard the plant, equipment and life;
- The rupture detection system ensures safety and avoids longer period break downs and losses;
- Elimination of false alarms due to malfunctioning of instruments or changes in hydraulic conditions;
- User Friendly;
- Major/minor rupture between reservoir and BFV can be detected;
- Major/minor rupture between BFV and MIV can be detected;
- Multiple units connected with same HRT can be detected.

TEST RESULT:
[0058] Case study results are provided below in tabular as well as graphical form:

[0059] Now, reference may be made to Figure 3 to Figure 10

[0060] One of the Prior arts mentioned in the specification is based on differential flow measurement through Pitot tube which is not suitable for detection of rupture where water conductor system is branched. Prior art is suitable for rupture detection occurred between two pitot tube only i.e. it does not cover whole water conductor system. Other prior art is applicable for pumping applications and does not hold good for minor rupture in hydro turbine projects where pressure drop may not be very significant. It also does not cover accurately turbines transient cases (not synchronized cases) etc.

WORKING OF THE INVENTION
[0061] When machines are in idle condition and penstock is full of water, detective system is activated. Reference pressure can be determined by operator using reservoir level and elevation level of pressure sensor. This determined value (p0, q0) is updated in field of reference value of pressure and discharge just before activation of detective system. After that, sensors record values (p1, q1), (p2, q2) after a specified time interval. For p1, q1 reference value will be p0, q0 and for p2, q2 reference value will be p1, q1 and so on. Current values of pressure approx. equal to their ref. pressures means their difference are within specified values fixed through SIMSEN analysis and experience as it may be ± 0.2 % of ref value. In this way, it will be ensured the current status of water conductor system whether it is intact or ruptured in idle condition of power house and false trigger of alarm due to water level variation in reservoir and sensor inaccuracy will be avoided in idle condition of turbines.

[0062] Now, when machine starts, operator chooses the option of start condition and activates detective system. As per logic we have used only discharge so that false alarm can be avoided since pressure parameter during starting of turbine is rapidly changing.

[0063] Till now, it is ensured that water conductor is intact to continue synchronization. When machine is synchronized, then operator chooses the option of synchronized condition and activates the detective system. First reading recorded by sensors after activation will be taken as reference value for pressure, discharge and surge tank level etc. By this way, manual feeding of reference values will be avoided for various synchronized conditions of operation.

REFERENCE NUMERALS

100 Upstream Reservoir
101 Surge Tank
102 Water level sensor for surge tank
103 Bypass Valve
104 Control Room
105 Ultrasonic flow meter
106 Pressure Sensor
107 Gate of Surge tank
108 Water conductor system
109 Power output device
110 Speed Sensor
111 Draft Tube
112 Guide vane feedback device
113 Downstream Reservoir
T1 Turbine 1
T2 Turbine 2
S SCADA system
F Flow Signal
P Pressure Signal
W Power Command

[0064] Each of the appended claims defines a separate invention, which for infringement purposes is recognized as including equivalents to the various elements or limitations specified in the claims. Depending on the context, all references below to the "invention" may in some cases refer to certain specific embodiments only. In other cases, it will be recognized that references to the "invention" will refer to subject matter recited in one or more, but not necessarily all, of the claims.

[0065] Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member can be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. One or more members of a group can be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is herein deemed to contain the group as modified thus fulfilling the written description of all groups used in the appended claims.

[0066] It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,” etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particulars claim containing such introduced claim recitation to inventions containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should typically be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogues to “at least one of A, B and C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B”.

[0067] The above description does not provide specific details of manufacture or design of the various components. Those of skill in the art are familiar with such details, and unless departures from those techniques are set out, techniques, known, related art or later developed designs and materials should be employed. Those in the art are capable of choosing suitable manufacturing and design details.

[0068] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. It will be appreciated that several of the above-disclosed and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, may be combined into other systems or applications. Various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations, or improvements therein may subsequently be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as encompassed by the following claims.

[0069] The claims, as originally presented and as they may be amended, encompass variations, alternatives, modifications, improvements, equivalents, and substantial equivalents of the embodiments and teachings disclosed herein, including those that are presently unforeseen or unappreciated, and that, for example, may arise from applicants/patentees and others.

[0070] While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
, Claims:WE CLAIM

1. Rupture detection and protection system for water conductor system (108) of hydro power plants, wherein
the hydro power station comprising Upstream reservoir (100), HRT (head race tunnel), Surge Tank (101), BFV (butter fly valve), Water conducting pipes (penstock), MIV(main inlet valve) ,Turbine, Draft tube, SCADA system (S), TRT (tail race tunnel) & Downstream reservoir together with power output device (109), speed sensor, guide vane feedback device for monitoring live parameters are connected to each other as in Figure 1 and working in a combination, in which
Rupture in water conductor system (108), either major or minor, is detected by monitoring discharge at penstock valve (BFV), pressure at BFV, pressure and discharge at Main Inlet valve (MIV) of unit of hydro turbines and surge tank (101) water level, wherein these parameters are continuously fed to said SCADA system (S) in addition of head, speed, guide vanes opening, power generation for the detection of rupture.

2. The Rupture detection and protection system for water conductor system (108) of hydro power plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein following sensors are installed for monitoring pressure, flow rate and water level at various locations of water conductor system (108) for obtaining live parameters instantaneously:
- Ultrasonic flow meter (105) at BFV
- Pressure sensor (106) at BFV
- Pressure sensors at inlet of MIV-1&2
- Ultrasonic flow meters at inlet of MIV-1&2
- Water level sensor for surge tank (102).

3. The Rupture detection and protection system for water conductor system (108) of hydro power plants as claimed in claim 2, wherein for measuring the water flow and pressure, ultrasonic flow meters (105) and pressure sensors (106) are provided at BFV and MIV in the water conductor system (108), in which one sensor is installed for measurement of water level in surge tank (101) main body.
4. The Rupture detection and protection system for water conductor system (108) of hydro power plants as claimed in claims 1-3, wherein the SCADA system (S) works on the basis of the novel control for most expected rupture cases of water conductor system (108).

5. The Rupture detection and protection system for water conductor system (108) of hydro power plants as claimed in claim 4, wherein the major/minor rupture may take place in following possible scenario:
- both turbines are in stop condition;
- i) any one turbine is running but still not reached at synchronized condition;
ii) any one turbine is in synchronized condition;

- i) both turbines are in running but still not reached at synchronized condition;
ii) both turbines are in synchronized condition.

6. The Rupture detection and protection system for water conductor system (108) of hydro power plants as claimed in claim 5, wherein
both turbines are in stop condition:
if pressure at BFV is approx. equal to reference value, pressures at MIV-1 & 2 are approx. equal to reference value and flow at BFV is more than zero and beyond the accuracy level of flow meter, that indicates minor/major rupture in the water conductor system (108) depending on the flow rate at BFV, in this situation operator should open bypass valve near BFV and close BFV as per closing law;
in second condition, pressure at BFV is approx. equal to reference value, pressure at any MIV-1or 2/ both are less than reference value and flow at BFV is more than zero and beyond the accuracy level of flow meter, which indicates major rupture in the water conductor system (108), in this situation operator should open bypass valve near BFV and close BFV as per closing law;
in third condition pressures at BFV and MIV -1 &2 are less than reference value and level in surge tank (101) less than reference value indicates major/ minor rupture in upstream from BFV, in this situation operator should close gate of reservoir and surge tank.

7. The Rupture detection and protection system for water conductor system (108) of hydro power plants as claimed in claim 5, wherein
any one turbine is in running but still not reached at synchronized condition:
if flow at BFV is more than flow passing through the turbine and it is beyond the accuracy level of flow meter, that indicates minor/major rupture in the water conductor system, that depends on the flow rate difference; In this situation, operator should go for controlled shutdown of the running turbine, open bypass valve near BFV and close BFV as per closing law.

8. The Rupture detection and protection system for water conductor system (108) of hydro power plants as claimed in claim 5, wherein
any one turbine is in running & synchronized condition:
if pressure at BFV is approx. equal to reference value, pressures at MIV-1&2 are approx. equal to reference value and flow at BFV is more than flow passing through the running turbine and beyond the accuracy level of flow meter, which indicates minor or major rupture in the water conductor system (108), which depends on the flow rate difference, In this situation operator should go for controlled shutdown of the running turbine, open bypass valve near BFV and close BFV as per recommended closing time;
in second condition, if pressure at BFV is approx. equal to reference value, pressure at any MIV-1/2 / both are less than reference value and flow at BFV is more than flow passing through the running turbine and beyond the accuracy level of flow meter, which indicates major rupture in the water conductor system (108), in this situation too, operator should go for controlled shutdown of the running turbines, open bypass valve near BFV and close BFV as per recommended closing time;
in third condition, if pressure at BFV is less than reference value and level in the surge tank (101) is less than reference value, that indicates major/minor rupture which may be before / after the BFV, In this situation, operator should monitor the surge tank (101) level for sufficient time and if still surge tank (101) level is falling continuously, operator should go for controlled shutdown of the running machine & open the bypass valve near BFV, then close the BFV & the gate of surge tank;
in fourth condition, if pressure at BFV is less than reference value and flow at BFV is more than flow passing through both the turbines and is beyond the accuracy level of flow meter, which indicates major rupture in the water conductor system (108), in this situation, operator should go for controlled shutdown of both turbines, open bypass valve near BFV, close BFV as per recommended closing time and close the gate of surge tank.

9. The Rupture detection and protection system for water conductor system (108) of hydro power plants as claimed in claim 5, wherein
both turbines are in running condition but still not reached at synchronized condition:
if flow at BFV is more than flow passing through both the turbine and it is beyond the accuracy level of flow meter, that indicates minor/major rupture in the water conductor system (108) that depends on the flow rate difference, in this situation, operator should go for controlled shutdown of the running turbines, open bypass valve near BFV and close BFV as per recommended closing time.

10. The Rupture detection and protection system for water conductor system (108) of hydro power plants as claimed in claim 5, wherein
both turbines are in running & synchronized condition:
if pressure at BFV is approx. equal to reference value, pressures at MIV-1&2 are approx. equal to reference value and flow at BFV is more than flow passing through both machines and it is beyond the accuracy level of flow meter, that indicates minor/major rupture in the water conductor system (108) depending on the flow rate difference, in this situation, operator should go for controlled shutdown of the running turbines, open bypass valve near BFV and close BFV as per recommended closing time;
in second condition, if pressure at BFV is approx. equal to reference value, pressure at any MIV-1/2, alternatively both are less than reference value and flow at BFV is more than flow passing through both turbines and it is beyond the accuracy level of flow meter, that indicates major rupture in the water conductor system (108) that depends on the flow rate difference, In this situation, operator should go for controlled shutdown of both machines, open bypass valve near BFV and close BFV as per recommended closing time;
in third condition, if pressure at BFV is less than reference value and water level in the surge tank (101) is less than reference value, that indicates major/minor rupture in the water conductor system (108) which may be before/after the BFV, in this situation, operator should go for controlled shutdown of both turbines, open bypass valve near BFV, close BFV as per closing law and close the gate of surge tank;
in fourth condition, if pressure at BFV is less than reference value and flow at BFV is more than flow passing through both turbines and is beyond the accuracy level of flow meter, that indicates major rupture in the water conductor system (108) (108), in this situation, operator should go for controlled shutdown of both turbines, open bypass valve near BFV, close BFV as per recommended closing time and close the gate of surge tank.