PREAMBLE - COMPLETE
The safest way to control a fire is to keep a safe distance between the person and the danger zone. Fireballs can be utilized for this purpose. Fireballs are sphere-shaped components loaded with non-toxic chemical powders that are environmentally acceptable. It melts when it comes into contact with fire, and the chemical powders extinguish the flame. Inside the fireball, the extinguishing substance is inert powder. Mono Ammonium Phosphate is a dry powder used for fire extinguishing (MAP). It can also be used as a fertilizer in agriculture. It is environmentally friendly, non-polluting, cost-effective, and safe to use. At around 350° F, MAP melts as a sticky, molten residue on Class A fires. This molten residue adheres to the burning components, cutting off the oxygen supply and putting out the fire. Combining pyrotechnics with a fireball [1] can achieve the purpose of extinguishing the fire. Pyrotechnics are mostly used to shoot fireballs into flames from a safer distance. The launch is identical to a firecracker-based projectile launch into the sky, except that dry powder is used instead of burning components. The working idea of pyrotechnics is to create a fireball with a hollow cylindrical shell of a certain diameter, which can range from 2 to 3 inches in diameter [2]. The bottom of the shell is densely packed, with gunpowder, which serves as the fireball's lifting charge, it generates upward push to send the ball into the air. After the initial thrust moves out of the shell or pipe, the ball contains a time-delayed fuse that minimizes the odds of the pipe being burst [3]. When the time delay fuse inside the ball burns out, a burst charge inside the ball ignites, and the powder diffuses throughout the fire area. The size of the ball and the amount ofpowder placed within the ball will determine how much of the circle is covered by powder. The radius of bright flames exhibited in the sky is usually around 6 to 10 meters [4]. The construction of a single canon can be used to test and analyse the distance to strike the target area, as well as the angle of inclination at which the maximum feasible distance can be achieved. Gunpowder releases 3MJ/kg of energy [5]. The percentage of gunpowder used in ballistics was 74.3 percent KNCb, 15.3 percent charcoal, 9.4 percent sulphur, and 1.0 percent moisture [5]. The injection of more gunpowder than is recommended could result in a blazing ball inside the pipe. Dry powder is packed in the same quantity as an exact explosive ball [6,7]. Mono
Ammonium Phosphate - is a yellow-colored dry powder in general. Because of their environmentally favorable features, their social and economic repercussions are less effective [8]. Although putting out the entire fire is impossible, the configuration can assist control the spread of flames from one location to another. The project is based on constructing a prototype [9,10] to manage forest fire in a safe and simple method, with references to numerous studies from writers.
DESCRIPTION
Forest fires are a naturally occurring phenomenon. It's an unwelcomed, out-of-control fire that happens in forests and rural areas [1]. Forest fires have a significant geological impact, resulting in vegetation destruction, wildlife suppression, and ecological imbalance. Humans set fire to crops in agriculture after harvesting to produce wildfire because it improves soil fertility and reduces the use of manures. Slash - and - burn technique [2] is the name given to the approach described above. In India, a forest fire burned almost 2,60,000 hectares of forest area in 2019. Forest fires are divided into two categories. There are two types of forest fires: natural forest fire and man-made forest fire. Lightning strikes over the dry branches of trees in dense woods, causing natural forest fires. Man-made fires were ignited by physically spreading naked fire in the forest or by throwing fire-starting items like cigarettes. Currently, a variety of methods are used to manage and extinguish forest fires. These tactics include advanced features such as fire-retardant spraying from helicopters, grounded sprinklers with fire detection, drones with unique stability to put out building fires, and fire trucks transporting retardants to the disaster site. Even though these technologies are readily available in everyday life, fire suppression is not possible at a faster rate, and these approaches do not include firefighter safety procedures. In the case of helicopters, they must fly as low as possible, however in a recent case study, it was discovered that the fire damaged the helicopters. To avoid the fire, the helicopters had to crash land, resulting in significant casualties to the firemen. Ground fire extinguishers were installed, which predicted the area that would produce forest fire, but we couldn't anticipate it successfully in that situation, and installation is also complicated. The tremendous temperatures produced by the flames are too much for these fire extinguishers to handle. Drones are employed in a variety of applications nowadays, including firefighting. Drones may explode because they can't resist the heat of a forest fire, worsening the situation by increasing the rate of the fire. The fire trucks utilized have a limited supply of fire retardant, which must be refilled for continuous use, which takes more time, and the firefighters must move closer to the fire to put it out, which increases the risk. As a result, present technology will raise the risk of death while being inefficient. A fire extinguisher is an essential piece of role-playing gear. ABC powder-type extinguishers are utilized in general because of their versatile nature [3]. They're
best for use in areas with a mix of fire dangers, and they're only used outside for safe inhalation escapes. Powder is employed depending on the type of fire caution, such as Class A for wood, plastics, and textiles, Class B for flammable liquids, Class C for gases, Class D for metals, Class E for fire caused by electrical operations, and Class F for fire caused by cooking oils. For all forms of fires, there are different types of fire extinguishers based on the materials available. Fire extinguishers with water are used to put out fires started by solid combustibles like papers, fabrics, and wood. Extinguishers that use AFFF (Aqueous Film Forming Foam) to prevent re-ignition are suitable for Class A and Class B fires. CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) fire extinguishers are classified as Class B and Class E fire extinguishers because they are used to put out dangerous liquid fires. ABC powder fire extinguishers can put out three different sorts of fires: Class A, Class B, and Class C. Water mist fire extinguishers that have been de-ionized are safe to use and are acceptable for electrical fires classified as Class E. Wet chemical fire extinguishers put out fires caused by cooking oils and fats, which are classified as Class F[3]. The Class. A kind is the best for putting out forest fires. The safest way to control a fire is to keep a safe distance between the person and the danger zone. Fireballs can be utilized for this purpose. Fireballs are sphere-shaped components loaded with non-toxic chemical powders that are environmentally acceptable. It melts when it comes into contact with fire, and the chemical powders extinguish the flame. Inside the fireball, the extinguishing substance is inert powder. Mono Ammonium Phosphate is a dry powder used for fire extinguishing (MAP). It can also be used as a fertilizer in agriculture. It is environmentally friendly, non-polluting, cost-effective, and safe to use. At around 350° F, MAP melts as a sticky, molten residue on Class A fires. This molten residue adheres to the burning components, cutting off the oxygen supply and putting out the fire. Combining pyrotechnics with a fireball [3] can achieve the purpose of extinguishing the fire. Pyrotechnics are mostly used to shoot fireballs into flames from a safer distance. The launch is identical to a firecracker-based projectile launch into the sky, except that dry powder is used instead of burning components. The working idea of pyrotechnics is to create a fireball with a hollow cylindrical shell of a certain diameter, which can range from 2 to 3 inches in diameter [4]. The bottom of the shell is densely packed with gunpowder, which serves as the fireball's lifting charge, it generates upward push to send the ball into the air. After the initial thrust moves out of the shell or pipe, the ball contains a time-delayed fuse that minimizes the odds of the pipe being burst [5]. When the time delay fuse inside the ball burns out, a burst charge inside the ball ignites, and the powder diffuses throughout the fire area. The size of the ball and the amount of powder placed within the ball will determine how much of the circle is covered by powder. The radius of bright flames exhibited in the sky is usually around 6 to 10 meters [6].
The construction of a single canon can be used to test and analyse the distance to strike the target area, as well as the angle of inclination at which the maximum feasible distance can be achieved. Gunpowder releases 3MJ/kg of energy [7]. The percentage of gunpowder used in ballistics was 74.3 percent KN03} 15.3 percent charcoal, 9.4 percent sulphur, and 1.0 percent moisture [7]. The injection of more gunpowder than is recommended could result in a blazing ball inside the pipe. Dry powder is packed in the same quantity as an exact explosive ball [8,9]. Mono Ammonium Phosphate is a yellow-colored dry powder in general. Because of their environmentally favorable features, their social and economic repercussions are less effective [10]. Although putting out the entire fire is impossible, the configuration can assist control the spread .of flames from one location to another. The project is based on constructing a prototype [11,12] to manage forest fire in a safe and simple method, with references to numerous studies from writers. The greatest height and distance covered can be calculated using the projectile calculation [13,14]. Aerial shell force calculation [15] can be used to calculate force.
Height Reached:
H0) = VSin6t- g^/2 (1)
Where, H(,j - Vertical range of the Projectile V - Initial velocity of the object ■ O - Angle of projection t - Time required to burst Distance Covered:
X(0 = VcosOt (2)
Where, X(t) - Horizontal range of the Projectile
V- Initial Velocity of the Projectile
0 - Angle of projection
/ - Time required to burst Time Of Flight:
T = 2VSin0/g (3)
Where, T- Time of flight
V- Initial velocity of the object
0 - Angle of projection
g - Acceleration due to gravity Acceleration: ax = 0 (There is no acceleration in horizontal direction)
Where, ax - Horizontal velocity of the projectile
ay - Vertical velocity of the project
g - Acceleration due to gravity Force Calculation:
F = F8 + Fd (6)
Where, F ~ Net force of the Fire ball
Fg - Gravitational force
Fd - Aerodynamic Drag
Fg = mg (7)
Where, m - Mass of the Fire ball
g - Acceleration due to gravity
Fd = (Cd *pm*S * Vj) /2 (8)
Where, Cd - Drag Coefficient for the Fire Ball (0.397) pm - Mass density of air (1.28 kg/m3) ■S - Projected area of the Shell Va - Relative Velocity of the air past the Fire ball
Va^W-V (9)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
Time-Distance Optimization Test:
The time taken for the fireball to cover the expected distance after start is determined for upgrading. This is finished by fluctuating how much lift charge. The ideal measure of lift charge that will decrease the time taken for covering a huge distance is chosen utilizing this test.
Angle Optimizing Test:
This test is finished acquiring the ideal plot for covering a bigger distance. Each point extends the fireball out of sight covering a specific distance. The ideal point that extends the fireball to a more drawn-out distance is chosen utilizing this test.
Dilution Test:
Dilution Test gives the important data regarding the span of powder spread at various areas. The areas at which the fireball detonates, and how much MAP (Mono Ammonium Phosphate) is fluctuated so an ideal measure of weakening can be acquired.
The firemen can execute this advancement as opposed to putting their lives in danger. This technique is extremely financially savvy which expands the efficient effect. In ecological effect perspective, it will not corrupt the timberland richness. Since it is having both practical and ecological effect in certain side, social effect will likewise in great reach as individuals shows interest towards this development.