FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to turbomachinery, and the concept of shaftless turbines and shaftless pumps.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
There are some conventional type of turbines such as Kaplan turbine, Francis turbine, Pelton turbine and Tesla turbine. All of these turbines require a specific generator and in fact all of these are only the transducers which change the kinetic energy of flowing fluids to mechanical energy which is then available at the output shaft of the respective turbines. In this new type of Shaftless

turbine/pump we have to only plug its inlet to the penstock or to the fluid source and since, it combines both the turbine vanes or blades and the generator, it do not require any other generator coupled to the output shaft of the turbine. Hence, it requires a much less components with an ease in repair.
Another disadvantage of the conventional types of turbine is that the flowing water from the penstock strikes the vanes or blades with much energy which rather results in a higher percentage of energy conversion but what about the waste material and aquatic animals like fishes which are forced to strike on the vanes or blades due to water pressure, all waste get stuck and all the fishes die within a second. Hence, in this invention if it is used as a power generating device there is less possibility of the waste material to stuck and fishes to strike on the vanes or blades instead of that they flows out of the turbine along the centre of the turbine.
OBJECT OF INVENTION: The problem with the conventional types of turbines is that, they all works at concerned head and they require another generator coupled to the turbine. With the presented invention we don’t need any another type of generator coupled to the turbine and the turbine has all the components inbuilt so that, all we need to do is to connect the turbine to the fluid source and then it can be operated as turbine as well as pump at the same location.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION:
This whole invention is based on various principles and laws and many other components like magnets, windings, bearings. We will describe each of them in details in the forthcoming section.
First, we will describe the fundamental laws and principles that govern

the whole working of the Shaftless turbine or pump. The Shaftless turbine or pump is based on the faraday's law of electromagnetic induction which was first found out by an English scientist Michael Faraday. According to which whenever there is a change in magnetic field across a coil an EMF(electro motive force) is induced in it and if the circuit is closed, current will also flow in it. Another principle's upon which the Shaftless turbine or pump is based is the principle of an induction motor which was first found out by the inventor Nikola tesla and the principle of a BLDC (brush less direct current) motor.
There are some of the main components which are stator, stator windings, rotor, rotor magnets, rotor blades or rotor vanes, pipes and ball bearings or any other type of bearing which are described below.
STATOR: The stator as the name implies is a stationary part of the whole machine. It comprises of a thick bunch of laminated insulated steel plates . The thickness of the stator depends upon its field of application and the length of the magnets glued on the rotor. The reason of insulated laminations is to prevent the formation of eddy currents in the stator material. Eddy currents are small electron loops which form due to changing magnetic fields, due to which current is induced which further leads to heating effect. so, to minimize the power loss due to heating, laminated steel plates are used, therefore there is no continuous material in which current loops may form and lead to power loss due to heating. The number of poles on the stator depends on how much phases someone uses. In this invention we are using a 3-phase system. With this 3 - phase system the stator is wound with a star connection having a neutral point as shown in the figure 9 . The perspective, front, side and detail view of the stator is shown in the figure 2.

STATOR WINDINGS: The diameter and the number of turns of the winding wire or magnet wire depends on the amount of torque we need and the RPM (rotations per minute) required. The magnet wire is usually of enamelled copper wire. As we are using 12 volts and up to 40 amperes of DC supply, so the wire gauge should be much enough such that it can bear up to 40 amperes of current pulses. Another way is to apply A.C power supply to the stator which in turn generates a rotating magnetic field (R.M.F). Figure 1. Shows magnet wire wound stator.
ROTOR: The rotor as the name implies is the rotating part of the shaftless turbine/pump. The rotor is in the shape of a pipe as shown in figure 3. The material of rotor can be simply plastic or it may be of steel or any other material whichever is convenient depending upon the area of application of the device. The material should be hard enough so that it can be interference fit with the bearings as shown in the figure 6. With the help of bearings may be cylindrical roller, taper roller or spherical roller bearings or any type of bearings in this case ball bearings the rotor gets a perfect alignment with the stator axis and have a constrained motion (rotation) along the axis of the rotor and stator. The bearings are interference fit on both sides of the rotor. The bearings should have an effective relative motion between the inner and outer races so that it can rotate without any hesitation.
ROTOR MAGNETS: Magnetic field of neodymium magnets or any other type of magnets on the rotor should have enough strength so that we can increase the amount of torque produced at the expense of current. In the presented invention we are using rare earth metal magnet that is neodymium magnets of grade N52 which has a magnetic field strength of 1.2 Tesla in our knowledge. We are using 22 neodymium magnets of N52 grade, the number of magnets can be any depending upon the number of poles situated on the stator, also there should be an even

number of magnets. The magnets are arranged on the rotor's outer periphery with the alternate polarity as shown in the figure 4.
ROTOR BLADES OR VANES : Vanes or blades are of curved type of plates with specific shape and dimensions. There are a number of vanes or blades attached in the inner periphery of the rotor as shown in the figure 3. The number of vanes or blades is such that they should not interfere with one another and there should be enough space between two consecutive vanes or blades. Vanes or blades are placed at the rotor's inner periphery but at some distance from the centre of the rotor depending on our requirement or they can collapse at the centre of the rotor. In this invention the vanes or blades are at some distance from the axis of the rotor. Vanes or blades are inclined at some angle from the axis of the rotor. This angle is usually smaller than 90 degrees, in our case it is near about 70 degrees from the axis of the rotor. As the water comes from the pipe it gets deflected through 70 degrees due to which the side thrust component of velocity exerts a force on vanes or blades of the rotor and this causes rotor to rotate along the rotor axis.
BEARINGS: Bearings are used to reduce the friction between the two moving components, the bearing can be of any type either a rolling contact or a sliding contact bearings. As the name suggests the rolling contact bearing consists of hardened small steel balls and the sliding contact bearing consists of some amount of lubrication between the inner and outer races. In our case we are using rolling contact bearings such as ball bearings. But there is no restriction about the use of bearings , another type of bearings such as cylindrical roller, taper roller bearings, spherical roller bearings or any other type of bearings can be used. As shown in the figure 6 the bearings are attached on both sides of the rotor so, that we get better alignment with the axis of rotation of the rotor. The bearings should be smooth enough so that it do not apply

any resisting force to the rotation of the rotor, which entirely helps the rotor to rotate along the axis of the rotor and stator.
PIPES : The pipes can be of any material such as a PVC pipe, steel pipe or a concrete pipe or pipe of any other material depending upon field of application. In case where someone uses it for turbines at dams then the pipe should be either of steel or concrete. These pipes should have enough compressive strength so that it may interference fit with the bearings on both the sides of the rotor.
METHODS OF FEEDBACK:
All the above things are the part of the shaftless turbine/pump it means that all these are the structural components of the shaftless turbine/pump. However there is a need of describing the working and the speed control of the shaftless turbine/pump. So, in the upcoming section we will describe the electronics, electricals and programming related to the shaftless turbine/pump.
As above the stator poles are wound of magnet wire or enamelled copper wire which are arranged in a 3-phase system. Here, we can use the principle of a BLDC ( brushless direct current) motor or the principle of an induction motor note that in case of induction motor there are no magnets on the rotor instead of that the rotor consists of some conductors such as a squirrel cage type rotor and no controlling unit is required to operate. But in this invention we are using the principle of a BLDC motor hence; we are here required to use some circuitry for the commutation of the magnetic field around the rotor so as to generate a rotating magnetic field (RMF) across the rotor.
The principle of a BLDC motor uses a three phase star connected windings on the stator poles and the rotor is being concentric with the

stator having a constrained motion along the rotor axis. For the controlling of the shaftless turbine/pump we use a microcontroller, mosfets (n-channel or p-channel), Hall Effect sensors and some complementary components like operational amplifiers, capacitors, coils and resistors.
The reason for a feedback system is due to the fact that we have to create a changing magnetic field or a rotating magnetic field. So, there is a need of some feedback system therefore, we know when to change the magnetic field. There are two methods of feedback systems; these are sensored and sensorless feedback systems. In sensored feedback system an external sensor such as a Hall Effect sensor is used at specified positions on the stator. whenever the rotor changes its position while rotating, the magnets on the rotor also rotates and the polarity of magnets across the hall sensor is changed from north to south or from south to north, with this change of polarity the hall sensor gives a logic low and logic high at its output for south and north or for north and south poles respectively. This feedback is then sent to the microcontroller, which further calculates, when to change the direction of current through the coils for changing the magnetic field. Another feedback system as the name suggests sensorless do not require any type of external sensor, but it takes a feedback from the coils as well and is also beneficial at high speeds. As shown in the figure 10. when the current flows from two of the three coils , the third coil at the same time is floating in the air , and as the magnets rotates across the third coil an EMF is induced in that coil which is shown in the figure 10. As the voltage across the third coil passes from the zero point, this change is detected by the microcontroller which further calculates when to change the direction of current through the coils to change the direction of magnetic field. Hence, both of these feedback systems can be used

depending upon the speed of the shaftless turbine/pump.
Here, we are using sensorless feedback system as we are making the shaftless turbine/pump for water which will work at high speeds.
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY FOR THE MAGNETIC FIELD COMMUTATION:
The figure 8. Shows block diagram of electronic circuit schematic for the shaftless turbine/pump operation. This diagram consists of a microcontroller and some passive components, MOSFETS, and comparators. As the block diagram shows that the three mosfet half bridges (n-channel mosfets in this case) are connected to the three star connected coils. The mosfets are capable of carrying fluctuating currents up to nearly 100 Amperes. Further each of the coils is connected to three comparators which take their comparison voltage from the virtual neutral point of the three coils. And the outputs of these comparators are connected to the microcontroller. And also the gate of these mosfets are connected to the Mosfet drivers and then to the microcontroller.
WORKING OF THE SHAFTLESS TURBINE/PUMP: The one of the end of stator are connected to the penstock, or to the fluid source.
Working of the machine can be better explained in the following two ways as follows.
WHEN OPERATED AS PUMP: As described earlier the one end of the Shaftless turbine/pump is connected to the fluid source. The vanes or blades are curved in nature and are at an angle of near about 70 degrees with the axis of rotation. Shaftless pump can be operated in two ways first one base on BLDC principle with the help of a circuit which is used for the commutation of the magnetic field and the second one is the use of 3 – phase AC power supply with a squirrel cage type rotor.

Firstly, a DC supply is given to the electronic circuitry; this electronic circuitry is designed to convert this DC supply to a changing magnetic field with the help of three n-channel MOSFET half bridges, microcontrollers, comparators, Hall Effect sensors as shown in the figure 8. A rotating magnetic field (RMF) is created with the help of this electronic circuitry which forces the magnets to rotate along the axis of rotation. Along with this vanes or blades which are attached to the inner periphery of the rotor are rotated because of the rotating magnetic field.
As the rotor rotates the vanes or blades at the rotor, forces the fluid flowing in the shaftless pump which further accelerates the fluid with increased velocity in a direction as before. Hence, in this way the shaftless pump is operated.
This invention accelerates the fluid flowing in a direction as before unlike conventional pumps which accelerates the flowing fluid at right angles as before.
WHEN OPERATED AS TURBINE: During its operation as shaftless turbine the fluid with some initial energy strikes the vanes or blades of the rotor, as the vanes or blades are curved and inclined at an angle of near about 70 degrees from the axis of rotation, the fluid transfers its energy to the vanes or blades surface, as the vanes or blades are constrain to rotate only along the axis of rotation therefore, the rotor along with vanes or blades is rotated. Due to this rotation the magnets on the rotor are also rotated whose magnetic field lines further cuts the windings on the poles of the stator and according to faraday's law of electromagnetic induction EMF is induced in the windings. Hence, in this way the shaftless turbine provides an EMF at its output. By using a suitable circuit we can further rectify the obtained 3 – phase AC power to DC

power if required. In this way the shaftless turbine produces electricity.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:
The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which all the aspects of the inventions will become apparent with the description of the preferred, non-limiting embodiment, in which:
FIGURE 1: This figure shows a stator, which constitutes insulated laminations of steel plates. Which consists a number of poles (in our case 24 poles) on which copper wire is wound.
FIGURE 2: This figure shows top view, side view, perspective view and the detailed view of the copper wire wound stator.
FIGURE 3: This figure shows top view, side view, perspective view and the detailed view of the rotor.
FIGURE 4: This figure shows perspective view and the detailed view of the rotor magnets glued on the rotor.
FIGURE 5: This figure shows top view of the completely assembled shaftless turbine/pump.
FIGURE 6: This figure shows perspective view of the completely assembled shaftless turbine/pump.
FIGURE 7: This figure shows side view and sectional view of the completely assembled shaftless turbine/pump.
FIGURE 8: This figure shows the whole schematics of the circuitry associated.

FIGURE 9: This figure shows the 3 – phase wave form used in the shaftless turbine/pump.
FIGURE 10: This figure shows the sequence of magnets and the two methods of feedback systems.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE NUMBERS USED.
101: Perspective view of stator.
102: Windings wound on the stator.
103: Insulated laminations of the steel plates.
104: Poles on the inner periphery of the stator.
201: Top view of the stator.
202: Isometric view of the stator.
203: Detailed view of the stator.
204: Side view of the stator.
301: Top view of the rotor.
302: Rotor Magnets.
303: Isometric view of the rotor.
304: Detailed view of the rotor.
305: Side view of the rotor.
306: Perspective view of the vanes or blades.
402: Rotor pipe.

403: Detailed view of the magnets.
405: North Pole of the magnet.
406: South Pole of the magnet.
407: North Pole of the magnet.
408: South Pole of the magnet.
501: Outer pipe.
502: Rotor.
505: Top view of the ball bearings.
601: Isometric view of the completely assembled shaftless turbine/pump.
604: Perspective view of the ball bearings.
701: Section AA of the completely assembled shaftless turbine/pump.
702: Side view of the completely assembled shaftless turbine/pump
703: Sectional view of the completely assembled shaftless turbine/pump
704: Hatching of sliced section AA of the completely assembled shaftless turbine/pump.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY: The present invention can be used in many ways as follows. As turbine at dams, as turbine in industries, as pump in industries, as pressure regulator for industrial and domestic uses and as pressure transducers etc.

SUMMARY: The conventional power generation systems currently in use are more convenient at concerned head .The represented invention is a new type of turbine or pump depending on its area of application. It is based on the principle of Faraday's law of Electromagnetic induction and brushless DC motor. It consists of two pipes, one of larger and one of slight smaller diameter. As the name of the invention suggests the vanes are not located on any shaft instead of which the vanes are located on the inner periphery of the smaller pipe (or rotor) which are curved and are placed at an angle with the axis of the rotor. At outer periphery of smaller pipe the neodymium magnets of grade N52 are glued permanently in alignment to the inner vanes, along with this the pipe is interference fit at the inner race of two ball bearings which are placed through a certain distance from the centre of vanes and on both sides of it. Then two larger pipes are also fitted on the outer race of the ball bearings on both the sides of the rotor. Hence, this provides stability to the inner pipe so that it can rotate concentric with the larger pipe. The stator is placed between the two larger pipes along with some external support to constrain the motion of stator in any direction and stator is also wound with three phase or single phase winding depending on requirement. when used as a turbine the water pressure applies force on the vanes, as the vanes is prone to rotate only the whole inner pipe rotates and a percentage of magnitude of inlet velocity of water is transferred to the rotating pipe which depends on angle with the pipe axis, this cause magnets at outer periphery to rotate and induces an E.M.F in the stator winding. Also when used as a pump, electrical power is provided to windings of stator which forces magnets to rotate and so the vanes, due to which the fluid is accelerated in the same direction as before with increased velocity.

CLAIMS:
1). A shaftless turbine/pump comprising of a stator, rotor with magnets and vanes or blades, ball bearings and an electronic controller.
2). A shaftless turbine/pump as described in claim 1 wherein there is no electronic controller and no magnets instead of which there is a squirrel cage type rotor and the winding is a three phase or split phase winding. And it behaves like a three phase induction motor or a split phase induction motor.
3). A shaftless turbine/pump as described in the preceding claims 1 and 2, wherein instead of ball bearings a taper roller or a cyndrical roller or spherical roller bearing or sliding contact bearings are used.
4). A shaftless turbine/pump as described in the preceding claims 1 and 2, wherein there is also a pipe in between the stator and the rotor.
5). A shaftless turbine/pump as described in the preceding claims 1 and 2, wherein the invention is used as a pressure regulator for the flowing fluids in pipes.
6). A shaftless turbine/pump as described in the preceding claims 1 and 2, wherein the invention is used as a domestic blender or mixer.
7). A shaftless turbine/pump as described in the preceding claim 6, wherein there are many other types of detachable blades for the blender or mixer.
8). A shaftless turbine/pump as described in preceding claim 1 and 2, wherein the invention is used as a pressure transducer.