Description:Field of Invention
The present invention pertains to developing a robust pressure vessel and subsequently evaluating it using a computer-aided engineering (CAE) program.
Background of the Invention
The pressure vessel, commonly referred to as a monoblock pressure vessel, is a pivotal element in a multitude of industries and applications. The design of the structure is intended to endure elevated internal pressure levels, while concurrently improving its overall robustness and safety. The pressure vessel is commonly composed of a cylindrical shell that features closed ends, thereby creating a robust and enclosed receptacle. A multi-layer design is utilised in order to strengthen the structural integrity and increase its ability to withstand pressure. The process entails the coiling of a series of sheets around a central cylindrical structure, resulting in the formation of a stratified configuration. The utilisation of this particular construction methodology facilitates the equitable dispersion of stress and pressure throughout the entirety of the vessel, thereby reducing the likelihood of structural malfunction and guaranteeing its dependability when subjected to arduous circumstances. Pressure vessels are widely utilised in various industries. Within the automotive industry, individuals are utilised in various applications such as hydraulic systems, air compressors, and braking systems, with the purpose of assisting in the maintenance and regulation of pressure. Pressure vessels are of significant importance in aeronautics as they serve critical functions in various aircraft systems, including hydraulic power units and fuel storage. Pressure vessels are utilised in nuclear power to manage and contain high-pressure coolant and steam within reactors. The importance of their role cannot be overstated in guaranteeing the secure functioning of nuclear power facilities. Moreover, pressure vessels find application in the field of biotechnology, specifically in processes such as fermentation and pharmaceutical manufacturing, where they facilitate the creation of regulated environments for chemical reactions or biological processes.
Summary of the Invention
In light of the above mentioned drawbacks in the prior art, the present study centres on the development and evaluation of a robust pressure container utilising computer-aided design (CAD) software and computer-aided engineering (CAE) tools.
A further specific objective of the invention is to assess the precise modelling and optimisation of the vessel's geometry.
Brief Description of Drawings
The invention will be described in detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures wherein:
Figure 1 Pictorial representation of deformation, strain energy and equivalent stress of single layered Steel S515-Gr70 pressure vessel
Figure 2 Pictorial representation of deformation, strain energy and equivalent stress of multi layered Steel S515-Gr70 pressure vessel
Detailed Description of the Invention
The principal aim of this investigation is to examine the strain energy, stress distribution, and deformation characteristics of a pressure vessel that has been fabricated utilising various materials. The process of material selection for pressure vessels is a critical factor that has a direct influence on their operational efficiency and dependability. The selection of construction materials involves the consideration of various material qualities and properties. The initial material under consideration is Steel-S515-Gr70. The aforementioned steel grade is recognised for its exceptional durability and remarkable ability to withstand high temperatures. This material exhibits favourable weldability and is frequently utilised in pressure vessel applications that necessitate elevated levels of toughness and dependability. The material known as Steel-S515-Gr70 demonstrates a notable capacity for resisting plastic deformation when subjected to internal pressure, owing to its high yield strength. Aluminium Alloy (6061-T6) is being contemplated as another potential material. The aluminium alloy is widely recognised for its low density and exceptional specific strength. The material exhibits exceptional resistance to corrosion and exhibits favourable formability characteristics, rendering it well-suited for use in scenarios where minimising weight is of utmost importance while maintaining structural soundness. The utilisation of the 6061-T6 temper in the aluminium alloy results in enhanced strength and hardness in comparison to alternative temper conditions. The third specimen under investigation pertains to Grey Cast Iron. The material commonly referred to as grey cast iron is renowned for its exceptional ability to be cast and its high level of resistance to wear. The unique properties of the material can be attributed to its graphite microstructure. The material known as grey cast iron demonstrates favourable damping properties, rendering it a viable option for scenarios where the mitigation of vibration and noise is of significance. Moreover, it provides a satisfactory level of tensile strength and exhibits efficient resistance to compressive loads. The study endeavours to gain insights into the mechanical behaviour of pressure vessels under diverse operating conditions by examining their strain energy, stress distribution, and deformation across various materials. The physical properties of materials are crucial factors in determining the vessel's capacity to endure elevated internal pressures, withstand distortion, and ensure sustained longevity. Comprehending the performance of materials utilised in pressure vessels is of utmost importance for various industries, including but not limited to automotive, aerospace, and chemical engineering. These industries rely heavily on dependable and effective pressure containment systems. This research study aims to enhance the pressure vessel design and material selection in various industries by assessing the distinct material qualities and properties of Steel-S515-Gr70, Aluminium Alloy (6061-T6), and Grey Cast Iron. The findings of this study can potentially lead to the development of safer and more efficient applications. The application of a pressure of 30 MPa to an aluminium alloy results in a stress level of 235 MPa, which is 15 MPa less than that observed in Steel S515-Gr70. It is noteworthy that aluminium alloys are predominantly appropriate for low-pressure containers as opposed to high-pressure ones. Furthermore, aluminium alloys are subject to deformation, which is a significant concern due to their tendency to undergo relatively high levels of deformation, typically around 2 mm. In contrast, S-Glass Fibre demonstrates a stress level of 237 MPa under identical applied pressure. The S-Glass Fibre is distinguished by its lack of crystalline structure and is produced through the process of melt spinning. Nevertheless, this substance poses processing difficulties and exhibits greater deformability in comparison to steel. Likewise, the application of pressure onto Grey Cast Iron yields a stress level of 237 MPa. While the stress level may be similar to that of S-Glass Fibre, Grey Cast Iron exhibits twice the deformation of steel. After conducting an evaluation of various materials, it is apparent that none of the alternative materials exhibit lower levels of deformation than steel. The introduction of a multi-layer pressure vessel is proposed as a potential solution to address the aforementioned concern. The effective management of deformation and reduction of stress levels can be achieved through the incorporation of multiple layers of materials. The results of this inquiry underscore the importance of the process of selecting materials in the design of pressure vessels. Although every material has its own set of advantages and disadvantages, the concept of a multi-layer pressure vessel shows potential in achieving a compromise between reducing stress and deformation. The objective of investigating and executing these design methodologies is to augment the efficacy, longevity, and security of pressure vessels in diverse industrial contexts. Upon applying a pressure of 30 MPa to a multilayer pressure vessel consisting of Steel S515-Gr70 and Aluminium Alloy, the stress level observed is 240 MPa. In comparison, the stress level exhibited by this pressure vessel is 15 MPa less than that of a monolithic pressure vessel composed entirely of steel or aluminium. The observed decrease in stress levels highlights the benefits of employing a multilayer arrangement that is tailored to satisfy the unique demands of the given task.
Upon the incorporation of S-Glass into the composite structure, the multilayer pressure vessel continues to exhibit a stress level of 240 MPa. Nonetheless, the level of stress is notably diminished in comparison to a pressure vessel composed of steel and S-Glass with a single layer, leading to a decrease of 15 MPa. The integration of S-Glass, which possesses exceptional mechanical characteristics, serves to mitigate stress and augment the overall functionality of the pressure container. The multilayer pressure vessel exhibits a stress level of 237 MPa through the amalgamation of Steel and Grey Cast Iron. The stress level in question exhibits a notable decrease in comparison to that which is observed in a pressure vessel consisting of only steel and Grey Cast Iron in a single layer. Furthermore, the aforementioned amalgamation demonstrates diminished deformation in comparison to a pressure vessel composed entirely of steel in a single layer. The utilisation of Steel and Grey Cast Iron in conjunction has been found to offer benefits in terms of stress mitigation and deformation reduction. The results indicate that the multilayer pressure vessel configuration is a favourable option owing to its capacity to attain reduced stress levels as compared to single-layer pressure vessels. The utilisation of a multilayer configuration enables the enhancement of material characteristics by amalgamating the advantageous attributes of diverse materials while minimising their drawbacks. This methodology not only mitigates stress but also facilitates the management of deformation, thereby augmenting the overall efficiency and dependability of the pressure vessel. The findings of this investigation underscore the significance of taking into account material amalgamations and the advantages of multilayer pressure vessel configurations in fulfilling particular prerequisites. The optimisation of material combinations can lead to reduced stress levels, regulated deformation, and enhanced performance of pressure vessels.
3 Claims & 2 Figures , Claims:The scope of the invention is defined by the following claims:

Claim:
1. A single and multi-layer pressure vessel exhibited following characteristics:
a) The vessel is then subjected to a pressure of 30 MPa, which leads to a stress of 256 MPa throughout the entirety of the structure.
b) In order to alleviate the elevated levels of stress, a range of materials including Grey Cast Iron, Aluminium Alloy, and S-Glass are utilised for the pressure vessel.
c) Nevertheless, the aforementioned alterations in materials fail to satisfy the intended criteria as they demonstrate significant deformation, despite possessing greater strength in comparison to the current materials.
d) In order to mitigate the problem of deformation, a configuration of pressure vessel with multiple layers has been implemented, which includes the use of steel S515-Gr70 in conjunction with various other materials in distinct layers.

2. As mentioned in claim 1, the multilayer pressure vessel, consisting of steel S515-Gr70 and Grey Cast Iron, demonstrates reduced stress values and deformation in comparison to the single-layer pressure vessel, across all combinations. The aforementioned discovery underscores the efficacy of the specific amalgamation of materials in mitigating stress and curtailing deformation.
3. As mentioned in claim 1, the invention underscores the importance of material selection and the implementation of multilayer pressure vessels in order to improve the structural integrity and performance of pressure vessels across diverse applications.