Claims:We claim:-

1. A smart emission control system which forces user to act in the emission norms and prevent environmental pollution comprising of one sensor placed at exhaust side of vehicle which will sense the exhaust content and sends signals to the microcontroller which compares this value with the BS norms, if it is in the limit then system will not affected it will act as normal, But if the norms are exceed it will firstly warn user and display the warning on the dash board of the vehicle, which repeats up to three time and still if the user do not take any corrective action the relay which is connected in between alternator and primary winding cuts off the supply, spark plug stops acting causing the engine to stop until and unless emission from the vehicle is reduced.
, Description:FORM 2
THE PATENT ACT 1970
(39 OF 1970)
AND
The patent rules, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10: rule 13)

1. TITLE OF INVENTION
Smart Emission Control System

2 APPLICANTS
Sr. No Name Nationality Address
1 Sandip Polytechnic Indian Mahiravani, Trimbak Road, Nashik

3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION

COMPLETE
Following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

4. DESCRIPTION.

Technical field of invention:

Present invention in general relates to design and implement a smart emission control system and in particular to develop a system to follow the emission norms which are defined in the BS-III for light motor vehicle.

Prior art:

Pollution in India is a large problem to all and environment also, there are many causes of pollution as Industries, automobiles, dirty environment or careless peoples which is very harmful to all of us and everyone knows about it but no one is taking action to reduce it. In many causes of pollution emission from the automobiles is very measure cause to increase the pollution. Automobiles emit harmful gases like CO, HC, NOx and they are emitted in too large amount. To reduce this emission government of India decided the pollution norms stated as “Bharat stage norms”. According to that norm our emission of vehicle should be in given norms, for that PUC (pollution under control) stations are established. So to overcome this problem and to reduce the pollution from automobiles many system and devices are developed which can reduce pollution are discussed below.

US 8892267 B2 discloses real-time monitoring, controlling, and optimizing electrical generation assets based on emission level measurements. A method is implemented in a computer infrastructure and includes receiving data defining a detected gas emission level of a power generation facility. The method also includes communicating the data defining the detected gas emission level to at least one subscriber device using one of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) based communication and Session Initial Protocol (SIP) based communication.

US 7698074 B1 discloses emission monitoring methods and systems. Methods and systems are disclosed for determining emission outputs. One method bypasses a predictive emission function whenever an operating level is the same as an operating level from the original training set, and reports the emission level ascertained by the EPA reference method test during original training set acquisition. Another method uses a Predictive Emission Monitoring System to replace a Continuous Emission Monitoring System for cost effective management of pollution control equipment.

US 20070225836 A1 discloses predictive emissions monitoring system and method. Test values of process variables relating to operation of the emissions source are gathered, along with corresponding time-correlated test values of the emissions variable to be predicted. Using the test values of the process variables, test values of a plurality of first coefficients are calculated for each process variable and associated with the process variable, and test values of a plurality of second coefficients are calculated for each value of each process variable and associated with the value of the process variable. Comparison values of the process variables relating to operation of the emissions source are gathered, along with corresponding time-correlated comparison values of the emissions variable to be predicted. Using the comparison values of the process variables, comparison values of a plurality of first coefficients are calculated for each process variable and associated with the process variable, and comparison values of a plurality of second coefficients are calculated for each value of each process variable and associated with the value of the process variable. Predetermined combinations of the comparison values of the variables and their associated coefficients are then iteratively compared with the test values of the respective variables and associated coefficients. Where the comparison yields matches between the comparison values and test values of the variables and their associated coefficients, the test values of the emissions variable associated with the matched test values of the variables are averaged and assigned as a predicted value of the emissions variable.

US 20080236145 A1 discloses emission control system using a multi-function catalyzing filter. A multi-function filter is provided for use in emission control systems, for example, on the exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine. The filter has a substrate constructed using bonded fiber structures, which cooperate to form a highly uniform open cell network, as well as to provide a uniform arrangement of pores. The substrate typically is provided as a wall-flow honeycomb structure, and in one example, is manufactured using an extrusion process. In this way, the substrate has many channel walls, each having an inlet surface and an outlet surface. The inlet surface has a uniform arrangement of pores that form a soot capture zone, where soot and other particulate matter is captured from an exhaust gas. A gas conversion catalyst is disposed inside the channel wall, where one or more pollutants in the exhaust gas are converted to less harmful substances. Because of the uniform pore structure and open cell arrangement inside the channel wall, the filter is capable of being heavily loaded with catalyst, while avoiding undue increase in backpressure to the internal combustion engine.

US 20070271908 A1 discloses engine exhaust emission control system providing on-board ammonia generation. An exhaust emission control system that provides on-board ammonia generation includes a valve disposed upstream of the LNT and SCR catalyst that operates to selectively control the flow of engine exhaust gas to an LNT and/or an SCR catalyst; while reformate fuel is being conveyed from a reformer to the LNT, the valve operates to cause the exhaust gas to bypass the LNT and flow directly to the SCR catalyst. The exhaust emission control system further includes a controller provided with an algorithm that monitors engine operating conditions and exhaust gas conditions, estimates the cumulative amount of exhaust gas created by the engine and the amount of NOx stored in the LNT, and calculates the amount of NOx required to be converted to NH3.

US 8689544 B2 discloses emission control system for a vehicle. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, an emission control system and method is provided for a vehicle. The system comprises a reductant reservoir having an intake pipe for receiving reductant and a heater for heating the reductant. A pump provides the heated reductant to an injector and also to a conduit extending into the intake pipe to provide heated reductant into the intake pipe to melt any frozen reductant in the intake pipe. The method comprises heating reductant stored within a reservoir of a vehicle emission control system, and pumping the heated reductant into an intake pipe of the reservoir to melt any frozen reductant in the intake pipe.

US 7216479 B2 discloses exhaust emission control system for vehicle internal combustion engine. Normally, at the time of cold-start of an internal combustion engine or the like, the flow of exhaust in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine is suppressed or two-stage combustion is carried out so as to promote exhaust purification in an exhaust system. However, when a correlation value of a braking force required to be generated by a vacuum type brake booster is greater than a correlation value of a braking force that can be actually generated by the vacuum type brake booster, a restricting device restricts the suppression of the exhaust flow or a two-stage combustion prohibiting device prohibits the two-combustion.

US 7055311 B2 describes emission control system for vehicles powered by diesel engines. An NOx emission system for diesel powered vehicles has a “Y” exhaust system with an NOx adsorber catalyst in each leg and an oxidation catalyst in the combined leg. One bank of cylinders sends exhaust gases to one of the “Y” legs while a second bank of cylinders send exhaust gases to the other “Y” leg. Composition of the exhaust gases in each leg is independently controlled by the engine's ECU so that exhaust gases in one leg are rich for regenerating the NOx adsorber catalyst in that leg while exhaust gas composition in the other leg is lean so that the combined gas stream is always lean and reductant slip is oxidized in the oxidation catalyst.

Thus in order to prevent the shortcomings of the existing methods and systems there is need to develop and design an improved, efficient and effective emission control system for vehicles. Hence the present invention designs and implements a smart emission control system.

Object:

1. Primary object of the present invention is to provide design and implement a smart emission control system.

2. Another object of the present invention is to design to follow the emission norms which are defined in the BS-III for light motor vehicle.

3. Yet another object of the present invention is to display the warning on the dash board of the vehicle when not maintaining the emission norms.

4. Yet another object of the present invention is to repeats the warning up to three times.

5. Yet another object of the present invention is to force you to act in the emission norms.

6. Yet another object of the present invention is to reduce in pollution from the automobiles.

7. Yet another object of the present invention is to reduce the global warming.

8. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide protection to ozone layer.

Other objects, features and advantages will become apparent from detail description and appended claims to those skilled in art.

STATEMENT:

Accordingly following invention provides a design and implementation of a smart emission control system. Present invention developed a system which will force you to act in the emission norms and prevent our losing environment, in this system we are putting one sensor to exhaust side of vehicle which will sense the exhaust content and sends signals to the microcontroller. It compares this value with the BS norms, if it is in the limit then system will not affected it will act as normal, But if the norms are exceed it will firstly warn you and display the warning on the dash board of the vehicle, it will repeats up to three time and still you are not taking any corrective action about it. The relay which is connected in between alternator and primary winding is cut off the supply, spark plug stops acting causing the engine to stop then you have to reduce your emission from the vehicles. The preferred embodiment mainly comprises of microcontroller, battery, relay, ignition coil, engine, sensors, indicator, exhaust, spark plug, etc.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING:
This invention is described by way of example with reference to the following drawing where,

Figure 1 of sheet 1 shows the block diagram for the emission control system.
Where,
1 denotes Battery
2 denotes Relay
3 denotes Ignition coil
4 denotes Spark plug
5 denotes Engine
6 denotes Sensor
7 denotes Exhaust
8 denotes Microcontroller
9 denotes If co exceeds 800ppm signal will pass to
10 denotes Indicator.

In order that the manner in which the above-cited and other advantages and objects of the invention are obtained, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be referred, which are illustrated in the appended drawing. Understanding that these drawing depict only typical embodiment of the invention and therefore not to be considered limiting on its scope, the invention will be described with additional specificity and details through the use of the accompanying drawing.

Detailed description:

Present invention provides a system which will force you to act in the emission norms and prevent our losing environment, in this system we are putting one sensor to exhaust side of vehicle which will sense the exhaust content and sends signals to the microcontroller. It compares this value with the BS norms, if it is in the limit then system will not affected it will act as normal, But If the norms are exceed it will firstly warn you & still you are not taking any corrective action about it. The relay which is connected in between alternator & primary winding is cut off the supply, spark plug stops acting causing the engine to stop then you have to reduce your emission from the vehicles.

Working:
1) Alternator:
Alternator is a device which is used for two purpose 1st to charge he battery which is used to perform different functions in automobile & 2nd is to provide the charge to ignition coil which is used to supply the current to the spark plug.

Alternator is connected to the engine by belt drive; rotor of alternator is driven by the engine power. Stator winding in the alternator is supplied with the current as a current flow in stator winding magnetic flux is created around the winding. This magnetic flux lines are cut by the rotating rotor so by the faradays law of electromagnetic induction the current is induced in the rotor. This current used to provide to the ignition coil.

2) Ignition coil:
The function of ignition coil is to provide required amount of current to the spark plug through the distributor.

Ignition coil is having two separate windings one is primary winding and other is secondary winding. The primary winding have a less number of turns than secondary winding. As current flows from the primary winding the flux produced by that current is cut by the secondary winding as number of current at secondary winding is more so more number of voltages are available at the secondary coil which is supplied to the spark plug for ignition.

3) Electronic circuit:
In running of vehicle alternator provide the current for the operation of the ignition coil. We developed a circuit with sensor (MQ7), microcontroller, relay and indicators.

As engine starts & exhaust is emitted to atmosphere, the MQ7 sensor fitted in the silencer which sense the exhaust particles (carbon monoxide) & sends the appropriate signals to the microcontroller. Microcontroller compares these values of the ‘CO’ with the values of ‘CO’ Barat Stage Norms and if values are above the limit given in the norms, microcontroller sends signal to indicator for the warning purpose. We implemented the three indicators in our system, first indicator will lamp immediately after when co exceeds the limit,2ndwill lamp after the two hours if emission continuously exceeding & third after the 2 hours. When these three indicators are lamped, after two hours the relay in the system cuts off the supply which is provided to the ignition coil by the alternator. This causes to stop your vehicle. If the driver trying to start the engine once the engine is stopped the system will provide only trial time of 10 minute, means in that time it will again sense the CO (carbon monoxide) and if it is still exceeding the limit relay will again cut off the supply.

If anyone tried to remove the sensor, since no supply from the sensor is passing towards the controller, controller will actuate the relay and your vehicle will not start until the system is complete.

If the values of exhaust content are below the limits then there is no effect of system on working of engine.

Microcontroller (Arduino):
The Arduino microcontroller is an easy to use yet powerful single board computer that has gained considerable traction in the hobby and professional market. The Arduino is open-source, which means hardware is reasonably priced and development software is free.

The power of the Arduino is not its ability to crunch code, but rather its ability to interact with the outside world through its input-output (I/O) pins. The Arduino has 14 digital I/O pins labeled 0 to 13 that can be used to turn motors and lights on and off and read the state of switches. Each digital pin can sink or source about 40 mA of current. This is more than adequate for interfacing to most devices, but does mean that interface circuits are needed to control devices other than simple LED's. In other words, you cannot run a motor directly using the current available from an Arduino pin, but rather must have the pin drive an interface circuit that in turn drives the motor. A later section of this document shows how to interface to a small motor. To interact with the outside world, the program sets digital pins to a high or low value using C code instructions, which corresponds to +5 V or 0 V at the pin. The pin is connected to external interface electronics and then to the device being switched on and off.

Advantages of Project:
• Reduced in pollution from the automobiles.
• Government norms for emission control will strictly be followed.
• Human being & environment also will be less affected by the pollution.
• Global warming will be reduced.
• Protection of ozone layer.
• Less costly system as life is more costly than money.
Applications:
• In cars, trucks or all type of automobiles.
• Domestic gas leakage detector.
• Industrial CO detector
• Portable gas detector

Additional advantages and modification will readily occur to those skilled in art. Therefore, the invention in its broader aspect is not limited to specific details and representative embodiments shown and described herein. Accordingly various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the general invention concept as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.