TECHNICAL FIELD:-
This invention relates to paperless and cashless transport ticketing system
BACKGROUND:-
Transport Systems are integral part of any city as it provides traveling medium for most of citizens. Ticket is essential for any passenger to travel to any destination which comes across the route of transport vehicle. Many of the transport system still using hard tickets i.e. paper tickets. These tickets are not handy, can be easily lost and also waste of paper. Each time passenger needs to communicate with TC or Conductor for issuing ticket as well as for checking tickets. This is total waste of time for both transport organization and passenger also.
In such transport Systems fare for a passenger is decided on the destination he travels to. Whether passenger boards off the bus before or after its original destination, he will pay the same fare as for his original destination only. So there is no efficient techniques to check whether passenger is loyal or not. Also furthermore there is also not efficient technique to check validity of tickets and also whether passengers have purchased ticket or not.
In paper based ticket Systems passenger needs to carry Hard Cash. This is also one of major Problem in this system. Not all passengers may have perfect amount for destination. This gives rise to problem of change. So sometimes in this situation either passenger or transport organization has to compromise.
Change problem can be solved with the Solution of Pass. Pass is way in which passengers pay first Amount for purchasing a Pass with some time (generally days) validity. Within the time passenger may travel within the city wherever he want to. But on other hand again no efficient technique is built for checking pass validity. And hence one may miss-use pass by using it beyond time of validation. Also from passenger point of view one may not recover all money he paid by using pass.
Many efforts were taken to digitize the ticketing system. Many ideas like bio-metrics, Smart cards were used to identify user uniquely and then Interactive system asks for the destination and based on fare the amount is deducted from user's account. Prerequisite for such systems are database servers, an Interactive station where user need to interact with system.
The Advantage of such system over traditional paper based system is that passenger don't need hard cash to carry anymore. So passenger's journey will be hassle-free. Also database entries are kept and hence the record of journey is maintained for future use.
Main disadvantage of these digital systems is the time required for a passenger to make a Transaction and issue his ticket. In metro cities passenger generally are in hurry to board into bus so these systems fails where time is a very important factor. Also one can misuse the system to travel more than his original destination as there in no system to check original destination of passenger. It completely depends on honesty of passengers.
In Smart Cards based Systems passengers carry a Smart RFID Card with user data in it and at the Interaction terminal user need to show the card where a Reader will data in the card and

accordingly will detect entrance of passenger into transport. Also while exiting the User need to show card to Reader so System will record its exit and will make Transaction.
Smart card system needs discipline and patience before getting a ride. So this system will fail when applied in real world, where passengers are large in number and time is low. Hence this system is not adopted by passengers as well as Transport organizations.
SUMMARY OF DESCRIPTION:-
Combining the Advantages of traditional system the present invention offers both Transport organization and passenger a hassle-less and effective way for ticketing. Passenger will be provided with RFID tag having unique id. Whenever and wherever passenger travels, must carry RFID tag. This tag gives passenger a unique Identity. This Identity helps System to distinguish an Individual from others. Hence System makes a transaction according to the Identity of passenger.
A RFID reader at Vehicle end will read the tag carried by passenger. Reader will fetch necessary information from tag. This information is serially sent to computing device. Computing device will process the data received from Reader.
Computing Device is connected to database as well as GPS Service. As Reader sends data to computing device, it processes data and checks validity of User account. If user account is invalid passenger needs validate through authorized person. This authorized person can be called as Transport System Operators. Transport System Operator takes necessary action on invalid passengers and defaulters. Computing device fetches all required data about Passenger from connected database and hence can conclude the passenger's validity.
When passengers exit the Transport vehicle, Reader again detects the proximity of tag, and when tag is beyond the range of Reader mark it as exit. After exit the passenger's distance is calculated using mathematical formula applied on its entry and exit location. Using this distance fare is deducted from passenger's account.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS:-
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Figure 1 is illustration of steps that an individual should take to register into System.
Figure 2 is illustration of steps that System takes place to allocate RFID to registered Users.
Figure 3 is illustration of steps that Reader takes while user with RFID tag enters.
Figure 4 is illustration of steps that System takes to record co-ordinates of a user board in or off the Transport Vehicle.
Figure 5 is illustration of steps that System takes to validate a user board in Transport Vehicle.

Figure 6 is illustration of steps that System takes to collect the fare from users who finishes the journey
Figure 7 is illustration of steps that Transport System Operator should take to manage the invalid and defaulter users.
Figure 8 shows scenario of System
BRIEF DESCRIPTION:-
Figure 1 shows how user will interact with system to register into system. As shown at 1 user first browses web and enters the Official Registration Portal. According to 2, User will provide a Unique Citizen ID number so that System would retrieve all essential information from pre-established database. This will reduce the Users headache and will register to system quickly. User can feed information manually also. An example of unique Citizen ID number is Aadhar Card in India and National ID Card in UAE. When System fetches User information based on Unique Citizen ID, System will also ask user for manual information to fulfill requirements. User can skip this steps if unique citizen ID database has all of its information
Once System gets all essential information about user, System activates User account and assigns a System Generated Unique ID account as shown at 5. This account stores all the user information. User is able to fill up account with digital currency. This currency is used for user transactions and fare manipulation. After User Successfully Registers an account a List of centers where user can collect the RFID tag.
Figure 2 shows Allocation of RFID tag to Registered User. Here at 1 User will first visit nearest Distribution center in order to collect the RFID card. User will firstly create Account using Unique citizen ID that's why one should check for validity of Unique Citizen ID. Once Unique Citizen ID has been verified System is ready to link user.
To check user validity and Unique Citizen ID number Bio-metrics passing will be done as shown at 2. In order to validate user and check whether Unique Citizen ID actually belongs to user validation is done at distribution centers. Distribution centers are nothing but places in city to distribute RFID Tags to user
For each valid user System will scan RFID card and will link the RFID card with user account as per 3 and 4. After linking card RFID card will be handover to Account Holder i.e. User. As user will verify its Unique Citizen ID, officer at distributing center will scan a RFID Card. System will assign this RFID to verified User. And officer will hand over RFID tag to User to which it is assigned.
Figure 3 shows how RFID Reader reads tag and processes the data. Registered User with RFID enters the Transport Vehicle. Reader will continuously look for new tag across its range as

mentioned at 1. As RFID Tag Intersects the RFID Reader's range, Reader fetches the data and sends to Computing device for further Actions.
RFID Readers basically runs on Radio Frequency Electromagnetic waves. In this System Passive type of tags are used. RFID Reader will induct RFID tags in its range and hence powers the tag through Inductance. Using the inducted power tag send data through RF waves to Reader. In such way RFID technology works.
User with Passive RFID Tag will enter the Transport Vehicle and will eventually fall under the RFID Reader Antenna's Range. As reader (with antenna) will detect the RFID tag (i.e. Reader will induce the RFID tag and using induced energy tag will send data to Reader), Tag will send die data to reader and Reader will send it to computing device for further calculations as shown at 4.
Figure 4 shows the flow for Recording GPS co-ordinates. As tag is detected and data is sent to computing device, System will maintain a queue of old and new tags entered into the bus. Computer Device always tracks the changes in these Queues. Whenever there is new tag read by RFID reader, valid tags are added to queue. Reader will track all the tags and will maintain the queue of newly scanned and old added also will compare both for checking who newly entered the vehicle, who is still traveling and who exited.
A Global Location of bus is maintained and frequendy updated and same location is used for passenger who travels. In this system many location readings are taken along with start and end point hence for each passenger start and end points are calculated separately and Global location is then added to set of users while fare calculation. This set of locations helps to decide exact distance traveled by an individual.
If new entry is made co-ordinates for entry is recorded. Also when Passenger exits Transport Vehicle, entry is popped up from queue and at the same time GPS Co-ordinates are recorded. Also GPS co-ordinates are frequently updated.
Figure 5 shows steps for validating an account in perspective of Amount. Whenever a new transaction occurs system will perform a validity. This validation check is stored and refereed before next transaction as shown at 1. A threshold amount decides the Validity of account. If account has amount more than threshold then account is valid else invalid. As such a invalid user is detected report it to the Transport System Operator.
Figure 6 shows steps for calculating and deducting the fare from user account. Start and end points of User are recorded whenever user enters and exists respectively. According to System co-ordinates are also recorded frequendy while user is traveling. So combining all these co-ordinates system will calculate the discrete distance between start and end point. Haversine Formula is used to calculate distance. After calculating distance rate is multiplied and fare is calculated. This amount is then deducted from User's account.
Figure 7 shows role of the Transport System Operator (TSO) in this System. Any Invalid user enters the Transport vehicle notification will be given to the TSO present in Vehicle. Invalid

user can be referred to amount or user without RFID tag. TSO will take appropriate action on defaulter. TSO has right to refill user account with specified amount as well as TSO also can take appropriate action on defaulter passengers ensuring only valid passengers will travel.
Figure 8 shows the Block diagram of overall system. Inter-connectivity between different components in system is clearly specified in this figure. RFID tags at user end will communicate only with Reader. Reader will continuously communicate with computing device. Computing device is connected to outer world through GSM module and GPS module. GSM module enables Internet connectivity for computing device and GPS module enables to fetch location service from GPS satellites.

Claims:
We Claim,
1) A Smart Transport Ticketing System using RFID, comprising:
RFID reader at Vehicle end,
System linked RFID Tags with unique id at User end, wherein said RFID Reader will read Data blocks from
2) The invention number 1 further comprising
Computing Device,
GSM module,
GPS Module.
wherein said Computing device is serially connected to said RFID Reader.
wherein said GPS module is serially connected with said Computing Device
wherein said GSM module is connected serially to Computing Device
3) The invention number 1 further comprising
Database Server
wherein said Computing Device in invention 2 is connected to said Database Server through said GSM Module in invention 2
4) A method for registering user into system comprising
Browse to the Registration web Page for creating an account Feed Unique Citizen ID Number other related Data Register and trigger Generation of UID
5) A method for Assigning RFID Tag to registered user comprising
Validate the User account through Bio-metrics
Scan a new RFID Tag from Inventory and Assign to above mentioned Account
Contact Account Holder to collect RFID Tag
6) A method for Reading various Tags comprising
Check for new as well as unreachable System linked RFID Tags within RFID reader's range As System linked RFID Tags are within the RFID Reader's range fetch the data from system linked RFID tags
Send the fetched data to Computing Device
7) A method for Validating Account comprising
Check for Available amount in the Account
Check status of account validity depending on threshold amount
Where threshold amount is the barrier for validation
For invalid Accounts report status to Transport System Operator
Add valid tags to Queue
Remove unreachable Tags from Queue by comparing old and new Queue
8) A method for Updating Time and Location of traveling passenger comprising
Update time and location co-ordinates of passenger from GPS with constant time frequency If new Tag in queue is added or Tag is removed update time asynchronously

9) A method for Calculating fare based on distance traveled comprising
From set of co-ordinates recorded in method 7, calculate the distance using haversine formula
Rates are predefined based on nature of system
Fare is calculated using rate and distance
Transaction is made and amount is deducted from Account