SMOKE DETECTOR
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a smoke detector capable of optically
detecting smoke and contaminants floating in the air.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, there has been used a smoke detector for detecting
smoke so as to prevent and identify a fire, or for detecting contaminants (dust or
the like) so as to preserve an environment in a semiconductor manufacturing
plant, a food factory, or the like (so-called clean room or the like).
Among various smoke detectors, there is an optical smoke detector for
optically detecting smoke and contaminants contained in the air (hereinafter
referred to as "smoke or the like").
The optical smoke detector generally detects smoke or the like in a
manner that a light receiving section receives scattered light generated in a
smoke detecting section when light emitted from a light emitting section is
scattered due to particles of the smoke or the like. However, light receiving
sensitivity of the light receiving section may be reduced due to contamination or
the like. In view of the above, as described in, for example, Japanese Patent
Application Laid-open No. Hei 7-151680 (hereinafter referred to as "Patent
Literature 1"), a test light emitting section for emitting test light is provided
separately, and received light intensity of the test light at the light receiving
section is measured, to thereby correct the light receiving sensitivity of the light
receiving section based on the light intensity thus measured, and to output an
alarm indicating abnormality when the light intensity becomes equal to or lower
than a predetermined value (see paragraphs and in the specification and FIG.
23 of Patent Literature 1).
However, as in the case of the above-mentioned smoke detector
described in Patent Literature 1, in a case of detecting the reduction in light
receiving sensitivity of the light receiving section based on decrease in received
light intensity at the light receiving section, the reduction in light receiving
sensitivity is detected by measuring an amount of decrease from the normal
received light intensity. Accordingly, the reduction in light receiving
sensitivity is detected based on the decreasing received light intensity of the test
light having much higher light intensity than the scattered light. Consequently,
there arises a problem in that the reduction in light receiving sensitivity cannot
be detected with high accuracy.
Further, in the case of the above-mentioned smoke detector described in
Patent Literature 1, the test light having much higher light intensity than the
scattered Hght is caused to enter a light receiving element at the front thereof
(see paragraph of Patent Literature 1). Even when the contamination or the
like in the light receiving section is so serious as to hinder the entrance of the
scattered light, the entrance of the test light may be less affected by the
contamination or the like. To avoid this situation, a strict threshold value may
be set at the time of the test, but as a result, the course of the contamination or
the like cannot be monitored.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned
circumstances, and it is therefore an object thereof to provide a smoke detector
capable of detecting reduction in light receiving sensitivity of a light receiving
section with high accuracy.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, there is
provided a smoke detector, including: a light emitting section; a light receiving
section; a smoke detecting section, the smoke detector being configured to
detect smoke or the like in a manner that the light receiving section receives, via
a light transmissive member, scattered light generated when light emitted from
the light emitting section is scattered in the smoke detecting section due to
particles of the smoke or the like; and a test light source provided for detecting
light receiving sensitivity of the light receiving section, the smoke detector being
further configured to detect reduction in the light receiving sensitivity of the
light receiving section through detection of increase in received light intensity of
test light, which is emitted from the test light source and is received by the light
receiving section.
Further, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention,
there is provided a smoke detector in which the light receiving section receives
scattered light generated when the test light, which is emitted from the test light
source and enters the light transmissive member, is scattered in a case where
abnormality such as contamination occurs in the light transmissive member.
Further, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention,
there is provided a smoke detector in which the test light source is provided at a
position at which the test light emitted from the test light source enters the light
transmissive member, the position being situated outside a field-of-view range
of the light receiving section.
Further, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention,
there is provided a smoke detector in which the test light source is provided at a
position at which the test light emitted from the test light source enters the light
transmissive member, the position being situated outside an inner range defined
within a field-of-view range of the light receiving section, the inner range being
defined so that received light intensity of the test light, which is emitted from the
test light source and is received by the light receiving section in a case where the
abnormality such as the contamination does not occur in the light transmissive
member, becomes equal to or larger than a sum of received light intensity of the
test light, which is emitted from the test light source and is received by the light
receiving section in a state of non-scattered light in the case where the
abnormality such as the contamination occurs in the light transmissive member,
and received light intensity of the test light, which is emitted from the test light
source and is received by the light receiving section in a state of the scattered
light in the case where the abnormality such as the contamination occurs in the
light transmissive member.
Further, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present
invention, there is provided a smoke detector in which the test light source is
provided at a position at which the test light emitted from the test light source
enters the light transmissive member, the position being situated outside an inner
range defined within a field-of-view range of the light receiving section, the
inner range being defined so that the following relational expression is
established:
A0>A1+B1,
where "A0" represents received light intensity of the test light, which is emitted
rrom the test light source and is received by the light receiving section in a case
where the abnormality such as the contamination does not occur in the light
transmissive member, "A1" represents received light intensity of the test light,
which is emitted from the test light source and is received by the light receiving
section in a state of non-scattered light in the case where the abnormality such as
the contamination occurs in the light transmissive member, and "B1" represents
received light intensity of the test light, which is emitted from the test light
source and is received by the light receiving section in a state of the scattered
light in the case where the abnormality such as the contamination occurs in the
light transmissive member.
Further, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention,
there is provided a smoke detector in which the test light emitted from the test
light source enters the light transmissive member after being reflected on a
reflection surface.
Note that, the present invention may have the following configurations.
That is, the light transmissive member may be a condenser lens for
condensing light toward the light receiving section. The test light source may
be an LED. The test light emitted from the test light source may enter the light
transmissive member directly or indirectly. The test light emitted from the test
light source may enter the light transmissive member after being reflected on a
reflection surface. In this case, the reflection surface for reflecting the test light
emitted from the test light source may be a wall surface of a light trap for
attenuating, in the form of stray light, the light emitted from the light emitting
section. The light receiving section may include a photodiode as a light
receiving element. The test light source may be provided on the light receiving
element side with respect to the light transmissive member. A threshold value
for a test may be set so as to determine whether or not the light receiving
sensitivity of the light receiving section is reduced. Strength of a signal of light,
which is derived from the test light and received by the light receiving section,
the signal being output from the light receiving section, is compared to the
threshold value for the test. When the strength is equal to or higher than the
threshold value for the test, it is determined that the light receiving sensitivity of
the light receiving section is reduced. The threshold value for the test may
include a plurality of threshold values which are set in a stepwise manner.
Accordingly, it is possible to determine, in a stepwise manner, whether or not the
light receiving sensitivity of the light receiving section is reduced. The
threshold value for the test may be set with reference to strength of a signal
output from the light receiving section in a normal case where the light receiving
sensitivity of the light receiving section is not reduced.
According to the present invention, the test light source provided for
detecting the light receiving sensitivity of the light receiving section is further
provided, and at the time of the test, the smoke detector detects the reduction in
light receiving sensitivity of the light receiving section through the detection of
the increase in received light intensity of the test light, which is emitted from the
test light source and is received by the light receiving section. Thus, it can be
determined whether or not the light receiving sensitivity of the light receiving
section is reduced based on the increasing received light intensity at the light
receiving section.
Thus, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide the
smoke detector capable of detecting the reduction in light receiving sensitivity
of the light receiving section with high accuracy.
Further, according to the present invention, in the case where
abnormality such as contamination occurs in the light transmissive member, the
light receiving section receives the scattered light generated due to the
abnormality. Thus, the abnormality such as the contamination can be detected
based on the increase in received light intensity.
Further, according to the present invention, the test light source is
provided at the position at which the test light emitted from the test light source
enters the light transmissive member, the position being situated outside the
field-of-view range of the light receiving section. Accordingly, at the time of
the test, in the case where the contamination or the like does not occur in the
light transmissive member and therefore the light receiving sensitivity of the
light receiving section is not reduced, the test light emitted from the test light
source is hardly received by the light receiving section. On the other hand, in
the case where the contamination or the like occurs in the light transmissive
member and therefore the light receiving sensitivity of the light receiving
section is reduced, the light receiving section receives the scattered light
generated when the test light, which is emitted from the test light source and
enters the light transmissive member, is scattered due to the abnormality such as
the contamination. Thus, it can be determined whether or not the light
receiving sensitivity of the light receiving section is reduced based on the
received light intensity at the light receiving section, which increases between
the case where the abnormality such as the contamination does not occur in the
light transmissive member and the case where the abnormality such as the
contamination occurs in the light transmissive member.
Moreover, according to the present invention, the test light source is
provided at the position at which the test light emitted from the test light source
enters the light transmissive member, the position being situated outside the
inner range defined within the field-of-view range of the light receiving section,
the inner range being defined so that the received light intensity of the test light,
which is emitted from the test light source and is received by the light receiving
section in the case where the abnormality such as the contamination does not
occur in the light transmissive member, becomes equal to or larger than the sum
of the received light intensity of the test light, which is emitted from the test
light source and is received by the light receiving section in the state of the
non-scattered light in the case where the abnormality such as the contamination
occurs in the light transmissive member, and the received light intensity of the
test light, which is emitted from the test light source and is received by the light
receiving section in the state of the scattered light in the case where the
abnormality such as the contamination occurs in the light transmissive member.
Alternatively, the test light source is provided at the position at which the test
light emitted from the test light source enters the light transmissive member, the
position being situated outside the inner range defined within the field-of-view
range of the light receiving section, the inner range being defined so that the
following relational expression is established:
A0>A1+B1,
where "A0" represents the received light intensity of the test light, which is
emitted from the test light source and is received by the light receiving section in
the case where the abnormality such as the contamination does not occur in the
light transmissive member, "A1" represents the received light intensity of the
test light, which is emitted from the test light source and is received by the light
receiving section in the state of the non-scattered light in the case where the
abnormality such as the contamination occurs in the light transmissive member,
and "B1" represents the received light intensity of the test light, which is emitted
from the test light source and is received by the light receiving section in the
state of the scattered light in the case where the abnormality such as the
contamination occurs in the light transmissive member. Thus, the received
light intensity of the test light, which is emitted from the test light source and is
received by the light receiving section in the case where the contamination or
the like occurs in the light transmissive member and therefore the light receiving
sensitivity of the light receiving section is reduced, can be set higher than the
received light intensity of the test light, which is emitted from the test light
source and is received by the light receiving section in the case where the
contamination or the like does not occur in the light transmissive member and
therefore the light receiving sensitivity of the light receiving section is not
reduced. Also with this configuration, it can be determined whether or not the
light receiving sensitivity of the light receiving section is reduced based on the
received light intensity at the light receiving section, which increases between
the case where the abnormality such as the contamination does not occur in the
light transmissive member and the case where the abnormality such as the
contamination occurs in the light transmissive member.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating an overview of a device
configuration according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating paths of test light and the
like according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a flow of processing at the time of
testing light receiving sensitivity according to the first embodiment of the
present invention;
FIG 4 is a diagram corresponding to FIG 2 according to a second
embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram corresponding to FIG 2 according to a third
embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG 6 is a diagram corresponding to FIG 2 according to a fourth
embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
(First Embodiment)
First, referring to FIGS. 1 to 3, a smoke detector 1 according to a first
embodiment of the present invention is described. Note that, the smoke
detector 1 may be used for detecting smoke so as to prevent and identify a fire,
or for detecting contaminants (dust or the like) so as to preserve an environment
in a semiconductor manufacturing plant, a food factory, or the like (so-called
clean room or the like).
As illustrated in FIG 1, the smoke detector 1 includes a smoke detecting
unit 2 defined by a dark box 2a, and a fan 3 for feeding air A, which serves as
sampling air SA to be detected, to the smoke detecting unit 2 via an introduction
passage 5. The air A flows into the smoke detector 1 via an inlet section 4
through a sampling pipe (not shown) that is laid in a monitoring zone. Further,
the smoke detector 1 includes, in the smoke detecting unit 2, a light emitting
section 6 including a light emitting element 6a such as an LED, and a light
receiving section 7 including a light receiving element 7a such as a photodiode
and arranged so that light LB emitted from the light emitting section 6 does not
directly enter the light receiving element 7a. Still further, the smoke detector 1
includes a power source section 8 connected to the light emitting element 6a of
the light emitting section 6, the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving
section 7, an air flow sensor 21, and the like, and a control section 9 connected
to the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7 and the like.
Note that, in the smoke detector 1 of this embodiment, the introduction
passage 5 is branched at a flow path branching section 17 on a secondary side of
the fan 3, and a reflux path 18 for causing reflux of the sampling air SA from the
smoke detecting unit 2 is joined at a flow path joining section 19 on the
secondary side of the fan 3. Due to a pressure difference generated between
the flow path joining section 19 and the flow path branching section 17 (the
pressure difference may be generated therebetween by setting a flow rate at the
flow path joining section 19 higher than a flow rate at the flow path branching
section 17; for example, the pressure difference may be generated therebetween
by providing the flow path joining section 19 at a position closer to a periphery
of rotor blades of the fan 3, and providing the flow path branching section 17 at
a position farther from the periphery of the rotor blades of the fan 3), the
sampling air SA is caused to pass through the smoke detecting unit 2 from the
introduction passage 5 while being filtrated with use of a filter 20, and to reflux
toward the secondary side of the fan 3 through the reflux path 18.
The smoke detector 1 further includes a smoke detecting section 12
provided at a center of the dark box 2a of the smoke detecting unit 2. When
the sampling air SA passes through the smoke detecting section 12, smoke or the
like is detected optically.
Specifically, in a case where smoke or the like is contained in the
sampling air SA, when the sampling air SA passes through the smoke detecting
section 12, the light LB emitted from the light emitting element 6a of the light
emitting section 6 is scattered due to the smoke or the like so that scattered light
is generated. The scattered light thus generated is received by the light
receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7. In this manner, the smoke
detector 1 detects the smoke or the like.
Note thai, the smoke detecting unit 2 includes, in the dark box 2a: a
condenser lens 10 situated in front of (specifically, immediately in front of) the
light emitting section 6, for condensing the light LB emitted from the light
emitting element 6a of the light emitting section 6, and for causing the
condensed light LB to pass therethrough toward the smoke detecting section 12;
a condenser lens 11 as an example of a light transmissive member situated in
front of (specifically, immediately in front of) the light receiving section 7, for
condensing the scattered light or the like, which is generated when the light LB
emitted from the light emitting element 6a of the light emitting section 6 is
scattered due to the smoke or the like, and for causing the condensed light LB to
pass therethrough toward the light receiving section 7; apertures 15 and 16
through which the light LB emitted from the light emitting element 6a of the
light emitting section 6 passes; and a light shielding section 13 including a light
trap 14 for attenuating, in the form of stray light, the light LB emitted from the
light emitting element 6a of the light emitting section 6.
In the smoke detector 1, the control section 9 includes an amplifier
circuit for amplifying a signal output from the light receiving element 7a of the
light receiving section 7, an A/D converter for converting the amplified signal,
and a comparator circuit for comparing the converted signal with a preset
threshold value. For example, the control section 9 is capable of detecting
smoke or the like through determination based on the signal output from the
light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7. As described later in
detail, at the time of a test, the control section 9 is further capable of controlling
ON/OFF of a test light source 22, detecting reduction in light receiving
sensitivity of the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7
through determination based on the signal output from the light receiving
element 7a of the light receiving section 7, and controlling output of a signal
indicating abnormality in the light receiving sensitivity in a case of detecting the
reduction in light receiving sensitivity of the light receiving element 7a of the
light receiving section 7.
In the dark box 2a of the smoke detecting unit 2 of the smoke detector 1,
the test light source 22 such as an LED, which is provided for detecting the
reduction in light receiving sensitivity of the light receiving section 7, is
provided at a position at which test light emitted from the test light source 22
enters the condenser lens 11 as an example of the light transmissive member, the
position being situated outside a field-of-view range Rl (range defined by the
broken lines) of the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7,
which is developed in the dark box 2a of the smoke detecting unit 2.
In this embodiment, a light receiving window 7b as an aperture restricted
in its aperture ratio by shielding walls 7c is provided at a front portion of the
light receiving section 7, and as described above, the condenser lens 11 is
provided in front of the light receiving section 7. That is, in this embodiment,
the field-of-view range Rl of the light receiving element 7a of the light
receiving section 7 is determined by the light receiving element 7a, the light
receiving window 7b, the condenser lens 11, and the like.
Note that, in this embodiment, the condenser lens 11 as the light
transmissive member is provided in front of the light receiving section 7 at a
position spaced apart from the light receiving section 7. Alternatively, the light
transmissive member may have no light condensing function, or may be
provided to the light receiving section 7 itself (for example, on a front surface
thereof) without being spaced apart from the light receiving section 7.
As described above, the test light source 22 of the smoke detector 1 is
provided at the position at which the test light emitted from the test light source
22 enters the condenser lens 11 as an example of the light transmissive member,
the position being situated outside the field-of-view range Rl of the light
receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7.
With such arrangement structure of the smoke detector 1, when the test
light source 22 is turned ON to test the light receiving sensitivity of the light
receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7, as indicated by, for
example, a path TBI of FIG. 2, the test light emitted from the test light source 22
enters the condenser lens 11 both in a case where the contamination or the like
does not occur in the condenser lens 11 and therefore the smoke detector 1 has
no abnormality that reduces the light receiving sensitivity of the light receiving
element 7a of the light receiving section 7, and in a case where the
contamination or the like occurs in the condenser lens 11 and therefore the
smoke detector 1 has the abnormality that reduces the light receiving sensitivity
of the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7. However, in
the former case where the smoke detector 1 has no abnormality, as indicated by,
for example, a path TB2 of FIG. 2, the test light passing through the condenser
lens 11 does not enter the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving
section 7 and is not therefore received by the light receiving element 7a due to
the arrangement structure in which the test light source 22 is situated outside the
field-of-view range Rl of the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving
section 7. On the other hand, in the latter case where the smoke detector 1 has
the abnormality, the test light passing through the condenser lens 11 is scattered
due to the contamination or the like in the condenser lens 11 so that scattered
light is generated, and as indicated by, for example, a path TB3 of FIG. 2, a part
of the scattered light, which is derived from the test light entering the
field-of-view range R1 of the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving
section 7, enters the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7
and is therefore received by the light receiving element 7a.
That is, in the smoke detector 1 in which the test light source 22 is
arranged as described above, when the test light source 22 is turned ON to test
the light receiving sensitivity of the light receiving element 7a of the light
receiving section 7, in the case where the smoke detector 1 has no abnormality
that reduces the light receiving sensitivity of the light receiving element 7a of
the light receiving section 7, the test light emitted from the test light source 22 is
hardly received by the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7,
and in the case where the smoke detector 1 has the abnormality that reduces the
light receiving sensitivity of the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving
section 7, the test light emitted from the test light source 22 is received as the
scattered light by the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7.
Further, in the smoke detector 1, the control section 9 (specifically,
comparator circuit thereof) determines whether or not the light receiving
sensitivity of the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7 is
reduced based on the signal output from the light receiving element 7a of the
light receiving section 7. As described above, in the case where the smoke
detector 1 has no abnormality that reduces the light receiving sensitivity of the
light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7, the test light emitted
from the test light source 22 is hardly received by the light receiving element 7a
of the light receiving section 7, and in the case where the smoke detector 1 has
the abnormality that reduces the light receiving sensitivity of the light receiving
element 7a of the light receiving section 7, the test light emitted from the test
light source 22 is received as the scattered light by the light receiving element 7a
of the light receiving section 7. Accordingly, when the control section 9
determines whether or not the light receiving sensitivity of the light receiving
element 7a of the light receiving section 7 is reduced, the determination can be
performed based on the received light intensity (strength of the signal output
from the light receiving element 7a), which increases between the normal case
where the test light emitted from the test light source 22 is hardly received by
the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7 and the abnormal
case where the test light emitted from the test light source 22 is received by the
light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7, and further based on a
large amount of change in received light intensity between the two cases.
Thus, according to the smoke detector 1 of this embodiment, the test
light source 22 is provided at the position at which the test light emitted from the
test light source 22 enters the condenser lens 11 as an example of the light
transmissive member, the position being situated outside the field-of-view range
R1 of the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7.
Accordingly, through the detection of the increase in received light intensity at
the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7, it is possible to
detect that the light receiving sensitivity is reduced due to the abnormality such
as the contamination occurring in the condenser lens 11. As a result, as
compared to the above-mentioned conventional example, in which the reduction
in light receiving sensitivity is detected through the detection of the amount of
decrease from the normal received light intensity, the reduction in light receiving
sensitivity of the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7 can
be detected with higher accuracy.
As described above, in the smoke detector 1 of this embodiment, the
control section 9 determines whether or not the light receiving sensitivity of the
light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7 is reduced based on
the signal output from the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving
section 7. Specifically, the comparator circuit of the control section 9
compares a threshold value for the test, which is preset based on the strength of
the signal output from the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving
section 7 in the normal case where the contamination or the like does not occur
in the condenser lens 11 and therefore the smoke detector 1 has no abnormality
that reduces the light receiving sensitivity of the light receiving element 7a of
the light receiving section 7, and the strength of the signal, which is input from
The light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7 to the control
section 9 at the time of the test. Further, when it is determined as a result that
the contamination or the like occurs in the condenser lens 11 and therefore the
smoke detector 1 has the abnormality that reduces the light receiving sensitivity
of the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7, the control
section 9 outputs a signal indicating the abnormality.
Note that, the above-mentioned strength of the signal of the scattered
light derived from the test light, which is subjected to the comparison by the
control section 9, may include strength of the signal of the whole of the scattered
light, which is derived from the test light and received by the light receiving
element 7a of the light receiving section 7, the signal being output from the light
receiving element 7a. Further, the above-mentioned threshold value for the test,
which is subjected to the comparison by the control section 9, may include a
plurality of threshold values which are set in a stepwise manner. Accordingly,
it is possible to determine, in a stepwise manner, whether or not the light
receiving sensitivity of the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving
section 7 is reduced. As a result, maintenance of the condenser lens 11 and the
like can be performed in a scheduled manner.
Next, referring to FIG. 3, description is given of a flow of processing
performed by the smoke detector 1 at the time of testing the light receiving
sensitivity of the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7.
Note that, the series of processing steps is performed by the control section 9.
First, a normal monitoring mode is switched to a test mode (SI), and the
test light source 22 is turned ON to emit the test light (S2). Based on the signal
output from the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7, the
strength of the signal (received light intensity) is compared to the preset
threshold value for the test, and it is determined whether or not the strength of
the signal is equal to or higher than the threshold value (S3). In the case where
the contamination or the like occurs in the condenser lens 11, the strength of the
signal output in accordance with the received light intensity of the scattered light,
which is derived from the test light and received by the light receiving element
7a of the light receiving section 7, is compared to the threshold value for the test.
When the strength of the signal output from the light receiving element 7a is
equal to or higher than the threshold value for the test, it is determined that the
contamination or the like occurs in the condenser lens 11 (S4). On the other
hand, in the case where the contamination or the like does not occur in the
condenser lens 11, the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7
does not receive the test light. Even when the strength of the signal output
from the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7 is compared
to the threshold value for the test, the strength of the signal does not become
equal to or higher than the threshold value for the test, and it is accordingly
determined that the contamination or the like does not occur in the condenser
lens 11 (S5). When it is determined that the contamination or the like occurs in
the condenser lens 11, a signal indicating abnormality is output (S6), and then
the test mode is switched to the normal fire monitoring mode (S8). When it is
determined that the contamination or the like does not occur in the condenser
lens 11, after a predetermined period of time has elapsed (S7), the test mode is
switched to the normal fire monitoring mode (S8).
(Second Embodiment)
Referring to FIG. 4, a second embodiment of the present invention is
described. Note that, instead of the configuration of the first embodiment, in
which the test light emitted from the test light source 22 directly enters the
condenser lens 11 as an example of the light transmissive member, the second
embodiment provides a configuration in which the test light indirectly enters the
condenser lens 11.
As described above, in the configuration of the first embodiment, the test
light emitted from the test light source 22 directly enters the condenser lens 11,
but instead, the test light may indirectly enter the condenser lens 11. The test
light emitted from the test light source 22 may enter the condenser lens 11 via a
reflection surface.
Specifically, for example, as illustrated in FIG 4, the following
configuration may be provided. The test light source 22 is provided at a
position at which the test light emitted from the test light source 22 does not
directly enter the condenser lens 11, and the test light is caused to travel outside
the field-of-view range Rl of the light receiving element 7a of the light
receiving section 7. In this state, there is utilized a wall surface of the dark box
2a (for example, wall surface of the light trap 14 constituting the light shielding
section 13) that functions as a reflection surface RF for reflecting the test light
toward the condenser lens 11 (the reflection surface may be provided separately).
In this manner, the test light emitted from the test light source 22 indirectly
enters the condenser lens 11.
With this configuration, the degree of freedom can be increased in
designing the arrangement structure of the test light source 22. For example, as
illustrated in FIG. 4, the test light source 22 can be closely juxtaposed to the
light receiving section 7, and accordingly electrical components can be housed
collectively on one side.
Note that, also in the smoke detector 1 of the second embodiment,
though the reflection surface RF is interposed in the path TB3 of the test light,
the test light source 22 is still provided at the position at which the test light
emitted from the test light source 22 enters the condenser lens 11 as an example
of the light transmissive member, the position being situated outside the
field-of-view range Rl of the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving
section 7. Thus, similarly to the smoke detector 1 of the first embodiment, the
reduction in light receiving sensitivity of the light receiving element 7a of the
light receiving section 7 can be detected with high accuracy.
(Third Embodiment)
Referring to FIG 5, a third embodiment of the present invention is
described. Note that, the third embodiment provides a configuration in which
the test light source 22 is provided on the light receiving section 7 side as seen
from the condenser lens 11 so that the test light enters the condenser lens 11
from the light receiving section 7 side to the smoke detecting section 12 side.
When the contamination or the like occurs in the condenser lens 11, as
illustrated in FIG 5, the scattered light traveling along the path TB3 enters the
light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7 similarly to the first
and second embodiments.
With this configuration, the test light source 22 can be further closely
juxtaposed to the light receiving section 7 as compared to the second
embodiment. ,
(Fourth Embodiment)
Referring to FIG 6, a fourth embodiment of the present invention is
uescribed.
The fourth embodiment provides the following configuration. Instead
of providing the test light source 22 at the position outside the field-of-view
range Rl of the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7, the
test light source 22 is provided at a position outside an inner range R2 (range
defined by the broken lines) defined within the field-of-view range Rl of the
light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7. In the inner range
R2, the received light intensity of the test light, which is emitted from the test
light source 22 and is received by the light receiving element 7a of the light
receiving section 7 in the case where the abnormality such as the contamination
does not occur in the condenser lens 11, becomes equal to or larger than a sum
of the received light intensity of the test light, which is emitted from the test
light source 22 and is received by the light receiving element 7a of the light
receiving section 7 in a state of non-scattered light in the case where the
abnormality such as the contamination occurs in the condenser lens 11, and the
received light intensity of the test light, which is emitted from the test light
source 22 and is received by the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving
section 7 in a state of the scattered light in the case where the abnormality such
as the contamination occurs in the condenser lens 11.
Also with this configuration, the received light intensity of the test light,
which is emitted from the test light source 22 and is received by the light
receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7 in the case where the
contamination or the like occurs in the condenser lens 11 and therefore the
smoke detector 1 has the abnormality that reduces the light receiving sensitivity
of the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7, can be set
Higher than the received light intensity of the test light, which is emitted from
the test light source 22 and is received by the light receiving element 7a of the
light receiving section 7 in the case where the contamination or the like does not
occur in the condenser lens 11 and therefore the smoke detector 1 has no
abnormality that reduces the light receiving sensitivity of the light receiving
element 7a of the light receiving section 7. Thus, it can be determined whether
or not the light receiving sensitivity of the light receiving element 7a of the light
receiving section 7 is reduced based on the received light intensity at the light
receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7, which increases between
the case where the abnormality such as the contamination does not occur in the
condenser lens 11 and the case where the abnormality such as the contamination
occurs in the condenser lens 11.
In this case, the inner range R2 defined within the field-of-view range Rl
of the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7 may be defined,
in other words, as a field-of-view range in which the following relational
expression is established:
A0>A1+B1,
where (AO) represents the received light intensity of the test light, which is
emitted from the test light source 22 and is received by the light receiving
element 7a of the light receiving section 7 in the case where the abnormality
such as the contamination does not occur in the condenser lens 11, (Al)
represents the received light intensity of the test light, which is emitted from the
test light source 22 and is received by the light receiving element 7a of the light
receiving section 7 in the state of the non-scattered light in the case where the
abnormality such as the contamination occurs in the condenser lens 11, and (Bl)
represents the received light intensity of the test light, which is emitted from the
test light source 22 and is received by the light receiving element 7a of the light
receiving section 7 in the state of the scattered light in the case where the
abnormality such as the contamination occurs in the condenser lens 11.
Specifically, the received light intensity (AO) of the test light, which is
emitted from the test light source 22 and is received by the light receiving
element 7a of the light receiving section 7 in the case where the abnormality
such as the contamination does not occur in the condenser lens 11, becomes
largest when the test light source 22 is provided immediately at the front of the
light receiving element 7a within the field-of-view range Rl of the light
receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7, and gradually decreases as
the position of the test light source 22 shifts in a lateral direction (at the
positions of the test light source 22 according to the first to third embodiments,
the received light intensity (AO) is zero, and a boundary position of the
field-of-view range Rl is a position at which the received light intensity (AO)
becomes zero). In the case where the abnormality such as the contamination
occurs in the condenser lens 11, as the position of the test light source 22 shifts
in the lateral direction, the received light intensity (Al) of the test light, which is
emitted from the test light source 22 and is received as the non-scattered light
(direct incident light) by the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving
section 7, gradually decreases, and on the other hand, the received light intensity
(Bl) of the test light, which is emitted from the test light source 22 and is
received as the scattered light by the light receiving element 7a of the light
receiving section 7, gradually increases. At a given position, the received light
intensity (AO) in the case where the abnormality such as the contamination does
not occur in the condenser lens 11 becomes equal to the sum of the received
light intensity (A1) and the received light intensity (B1) in the case where the
abnormality such as the contamination occurs in the condenser lens 11. This
position corresponds to a boundary position of the inner range R2. When the
position falls within the inner range R2, the above-mentioned relational
expression of A0>A1+B1 is established, and when the position is situated out of
the boundary position of the inner range R2, that is, when the position falls out
of the inner range R2, the sum of the received light intensity (Al) and the
received light intensity (Bl) in the case where the abnormality such as the
contamination occurs in the condenser lens 11 (sum of the received light
intensity of the test light, which travels along the path TB1 and directly enters
the light receiving element 7a, and the received light intensity of the test light,
which is scattered at the condenser lens 11 and enters the light receiving element
7a along the path TB3) becomes larger than the received light intensity (AO) in
the case where the abnormality such as the contamination does not occur in the
condenser lens 11 so that a relational expression of A0<A1+B1 is established.
Thus, based on the received light intensity, that is, the signal strength, which
increases between the case where the abnormality such as the contamination
does not occur in the condenser lens 11 and the case where the abnormality such
as the contamination occurs in the condenser lens 11, it can be determined
whether or not the light receiving sensitivity of the light receiving element 7a of
the light receiving section 7 is reduced due to the abnormality such as the
contamination occurring in the condenser lens 11.
Note that, even in a case where the received light intensity (Bl) of the
test light, which is emitted from the test light source 22 and is received as the
scattered light by the light receiving element 7a of the light receiving section 7,
does not change depending on the difference in position of the test light source
22, the received light intensity (A0) in the case where the abnormality such as
the contamination does not occur in the condenser lens 11 changes, and hence,
even within the field-of-view range R1, there is a position at which the relational
expression of A0<A1+B1 is established.
Note that, the abnormality which can be detected in the present invention
may conceivably include damage to the condenser lens 11, such as a crack, and
entrance of insects as well as the contamination.
We Claim:
1. A smoke detector (1), comprising:
a light emitting section (6);
a light receiving section (7); and
a smoke detecting section (12),
the smoke detector (1) being configured to detect smoke or the
like in a manner that the light receiving section (7) receives, via a light
transmissive member (11), scattered light generated when light emitted from the
light emitting section (6) is scattered in the smoke detecting section (12) due to
particles of the smoke or the like;
the smoke detector (1) further comprising:
a test light source (22) provided for detecting light receiving sensitivity
of the light receiving section (7), and
the smoke detector (1) being further configured to detect reduction in the
light receiving sensitivity of the light receiving section (7) through detection of
increase in received light intensity of test light, which is emitted from the test
light source (22) and is received by the light receiving section (7).
2. A smoke detector (1) according to claim 1, wherein the light receiving
section (7) receives scattered light generated when the test light, which is
emitted from the test light source (22) and enters the light transmissive member
(11), is scattered in a case where abnormality such as contamination occurs in
the light transmissive member (11).
3. A smoke detector (1) according to claim 2, wherein the test light
source (22) is provided at a position at which the test light emitted from the test
light source (22) enters the light transmissive member (11), the position being
situated outside a field-of-view range of the light receiving section (7).
4. A smoke detector (1) according to claim 2, wherein the test light
source (22) is provided at a position at which the test light emitted from the test
light source (22) enters the light transmissive member (11), the position being
situated outside an inner range defined within a field-of-view range of the light
receiving section (7), the inner range being defined so that received light
intensity of the test light, which is emitted from the test light source (22) and is
received by the light receiving section (7) in a case where the abnormality such
as the contamination does not occur in the light transmissive member (11),
becomes equal to or larger than a sum of received light intensity of the test light,
which is emitted from the test light source (22) and is received by the light
receiving section (7) in a state of non-scattered light in the case where the
abnormality such as the contamination occurs in the light transmissive member
(11), and received light intensity of the test light, which is emitted from the test
light source (22) and is received by the light receiving section (7) in a state of
the scattered light in the case where the abnormality such as the contamination
occurs in the light transmissive member (11).
5. A smoke detector (1) according to claim 2, wherein the test light
source (22) is provided at a position at which the test light emitted from the test
light source (22) enters the light transmissive member (11), the position being
situated outside an inner range defined within a field-of-view range of the light
receiving section (7), the inner range being defined so that the following
relational expression is established:
A0>A1+B1,
where "AO" represents received light intensity of the test light, which is emitted
from the test light source (22) and is received by the light receiving section (7)
in a case where the abnormality such as the contamination does not occur in the
light transmissive member (11), "A1" represents received light intensity of the
test light, which is emitted from the test light source (22) and is received by the
light receiving section (7) in a state of non-scattered light in the case where the
abnormality such as the contamination occurs in the light transmissive member
(11), and "B1" represents received light intensity of the test light, which is
emitted from the test light source (22) and is received by the light receiving
section (7) in a state of the scattered light in the case where the abnormality such
as the contamination occurs in the light transmissive member (11).

ABSTRACT

A smoke detector (1) includes: a light emitting section (6); a light
receiving section (7); a smoke detecting section (12), the smoke detector (1)
being configured to detect smoke or the like in a manner that the light receiving
section (7) receives, via a light transmissive member (11), scattered light
generated when light emitted from the light emitting section (6) is scattered in
the smoke detecting section (12) due to particles of the smoke or the like; and a
test light source (22) provided for detecting light receiving sensitivity of the
light receiving section (7), the smoke detector (1) being further configured to
detect reduction in the light receiving sensitivity of the light receiving section
(7) through detection of increase in received light intensity of test light, which is
emitted from the test light source (22) and is received by the light receiving
section (7).