FORM 2
THE PATENT ACT, 1970
(39 OF 1970)
AND
THE PATENT RULES, 2003
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
(See section 10; rule 13)
1. TITLE OF THE INVENTION
STABLE FORMULATION OF WATER SENSITIVE ACTIVE
2. APPLICANT:
(a). Name: SAWANT, Arun Vitthal
(b). Nationality: Indian
(c). Address: B/1, Samip Apartment, Kolivali Village, Gandhari,
Kalyan West, Thane-421306
3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in
which it is to be performed:
2
1. FIELD OF INVENTION:
The present invention relates to a stable granular composition including at least
one agrochemical active ingredient, wherein the agrochemical active includes one
or more of water soluble active ingredient 5 or a water sensitive active ingredient
for agrochemical purposes. More particularly, the invention relates to a stable
agrochemical granular composition including at least one agrochemical active
ingredient, wherein the agrochemical active includes one or more of a water
soluble active ingredient or a water sensitive active ingredient, at least one
10 thermostable plasticizer wherein the plasticizer has a melting point greater than
20°C and less than 150°C; and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.
The granular composition has a wettability of less than 20 minutes.
The invention further relates to a process of preparing a stable agrochemical
15 granular composition including one or more of water soluble active ingredient or a
water sensitive active ingredient. The invention furthermore relates to a method of
treating the plants or the soil with the stable agrochemical granular composition
including the water soluble active ingredient or the water sensitive active
ingredient.
20
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART:
In describing the embodiment of the invention, specific terminology is chosen for
the sake of clarity. However, it is not intended that the invention be limited to the
25 specific terms so selected and it is to be understood that each specific term
includes all technical equivalents that operate in a similar manner to accomplish a
similar purpose.
3
Granular agrochemical compositions have become very popular in recent years
because they are safe and more convenient to handle than conventional
agrochemical formulations such as wettable powders and emulsfiable
concentrates. Various agrochemical actives are known to be developed in the form
of water dispersible granular for 5 mulation due to the advantages offered by such
formulation. Most granulation methods in current use, generally referred to herein
as wet granulation, require introduction of water for granulation and then a drying
step to remove the water.
10 Unfortunately, certain active agents have the disadvantage of being highly
sensitive and unstable in aqueous media and of being readily degraded or
modified under the influence of water due to poor chemical stability. Typically,
hydrolysis is the most common water-mediated degradation mechanism; however,
such actives are also likely to undergo oxidation, dehalogenation, bond cleavage,
15 Beckmann rearrangement and other forms of degradation on coming in contact
with water. The actives tend to lose their activity or convert into another form on
coming into contact with water. Such actives typically lose their activity over
time, and this instability goes against the desired field efficacy making them
unavailable to the soil or plants or the desired target. Further, some of the
20 agrochemical actives due to their water soluble nature cannot be formulated into a
stable water dispersible granular formulation.
To overcome these drawbacks such active agents have been formulated in an
anhydrous liquid medium. However, such a formulation does not permit the
25 incorporation of hydrophilic active agents. Furthermore, in order to avoid the
exposure with water, generally these actives have been known to be formulated as
Emulsifiable concentrates, dusts, wettable powders, etc. However, these
formulations include a large amount of organic solvents such as toluene, xylene
and the like, leading to thousands of tons per year of organic solvent emissions in
30 the nature, posing severe risk and threat to the environment and the soil in terms
4
of toxicity and pollution. Furthermore, these compositions are also required to be
applied at very high dosages of application.
Especially, in a rice paddy field such agrochemical formulations are premised on
being scattered unevenly. In recent years, saving labor for scattering (applying)
agricultural chemicals and cutting down of agricultural 5 chemicals has become
important and improvement of the formulation form of the agricultural chemicals
is required.
Also, commercially available formulations tend to either settle or sediment at the
bottom at one location or float, spread on the water surface without providing
10 good dispersion or disintegration of the active which in turn fail to obtain a
desirable spreadability and uniform distribution of the components to the crops for
uptake. Moreover, such granular formulations have a very poor hardness leading
to a premature breakdown of these compositions during production, storage,
handling and application of these granules or powders resulting in substantial loss
15 of release control, phytotoxic problems, and excessive nutrient leaching in turn
reducing their efficacy on field application. Such compositions are therefore being
applied at significantly higher dosages thereby also increasing the cost of
application to the farmer. Prior art compositions comprising water sensitive or
soluble active ingredients provide compositions which do not possess good
20 properties of wettability and disintegration time. These prior art compositions also
tend to float for long durations and also do not reach the plant root zone, or
desired target area, and therefore tend to leach away, contributing to inadequate
pest control, loss to the farmer and damage to the environment.
25 Consequently, making a stable water free agrochemical granular formulation of a
water soluble active ingredient or a water sensitive active ingredient, is a great
challenge. There is thus a need for a composition of a water soluble or a water
sensitive active ingredient that can provide good stability of the formulation under
cold and warm conditions, show good resistance of the active agent to oxidation
30 or hydrolysis, exhibits good hardness during storage or handling while providing
5
improved crop protection from pests attack, at reduced application rates over an
extended period of time.
It has now been, surprisingly, found that a stable agrochemical granular
composition of one or more water soluble or a water sensitive active ingredient
provides excellent efficacy, eas 5 e of application, retains all the properties of the
active, avoids decomposition of the active and is friendly to the farmers as well as
the environment, as compared to conventional formulations. Interestingly, it has
been found that the stable water free granular composition of water soluble or a
water sensitive active with at least one thermostable plasticizer works effectively
10 at a reduced dosage, offers broader crop protection spectrum and control against
various insects, weeds, mites and fungi, improves growth and quality of
crops/plants and thus, highly cost effective in nature, which not only exhibits
enhanced wettability but also shows improved hardness and good disintegration
in water thus ensuring a uniform application and availability for an extended
15 period of time.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a stable agrochemical granular composition of at
least one or more agrochemical active ingredient, wherein the agrochemical active
includes one or more water soluble active ingredient or a water sensitive active
20 ingredient; at least one thermostable plasticizer with a melting point greater than
20°C and less than 150°C; and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient;
wherein the granular composition exhibits a wettability of less than 20 minutes.
The invention further relates to a process of preparing a stable granular
25 composition, involving mixing and blending at least one agrochemical active
ingredient selected from one or more of a water soluble active ingredient or a
water sensitive active ingredient; with at least one thermostable polymer to obtain
a mixture; heating and cooling the mixture to arrive at the stable agrochemical
6
granular composition; wherein the granular composition exhibits a wettability of
less than 20 minutes.
The invention further relates to method of protection of crop or improving its
health or yield, by treating 5 at least one of a plant, crop, a plant propagation
material, a seed, seedling or surrounding soil with a stable granular composition
of at least one agrochemical active ingredients selected from one or more of a
water soluble active ingredient or a water sensitive active ingredient; at least one
thermostable plasticizer; and, at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient;
10 wherein the granular composition exhibits a wettability of less than 20 minutes.
It has been surprisingly observed that composition not only exhibits wettability of
less than 20 minutes but also has a hardness of less than 5 N, demonstrates
reduced decomposition of the active, good physical properties of disintegration,
15 dispersion and suspension, good release properties for the entire crop life cycle.
Moreover, the composition exhibits a surprisingly higher field efficacy at
significantly reduced dosages of application of the composition.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
20
In describing the embodiments of the invention, specific terminology is resorted
for the sake of clarity. However, it is not intended that the invention be limited to
the specific terms so selected and it is to be understood that each specific term
includes all technical equivalents that operate in a similar manner to accomplish a
25 similar purpose.
The invention relates to a stable agrochemical granular composition which
includes: at least one agrochemical active ingredient. The agrochemical active
ingredient includes one or more of water soluble active ingredient or a water
sensitive active ingredient. The composition further includes at least one
7
thermostable plasticizer which has a melting point greater than 20°C and less than
150°C;
and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. The granular composition
exhibits a wettability of less than 20 minutes.
5
According to the invention, the term “water sensitive active ingredient” means a
chemically and/or physically unstable active agent. The term “chemical
instability” especially means degradation of the active principle. Water-sensitive
agrochemically active ingredients are those which are subject to a water-mediated
10 degradation such as hydrolysis, oxidation, dehalogenation, bond cleavage,
Beckmann rearrangement and other forms of degradation on exposure to water.
As used herein, the term “degradation” denotes loss of activity of the water
sensitive active ingredient, upon coming in contact with water. Degradation can
be determined simply by measuring the amount of the active ingredient present
15 before and after contact with water.
The term “physical instability” especially means crystallization or precipitation of
the active agent, or modification of its colour within the composition.
The term “water soluble active ingredient” is an agrochemical active ingredient
which is soluble in water to little extent or even a large extent. According to an
20 embodiment, the agrochemical active ingredient has a solubility of more than 0.1
mg/liter in water at 20°C. According to an embodiment, the agrochemical active
ingredient has a solubility of more than 0.5 mg/liter in water at 20°C. According
to an embodiment, the agrochemical active ingredient has a solubility of more
than 1 mg/liter in water at 20°C. According to an embodiment, the agrochemical
25 active ingredient has a solubility of more than 1g/liter in water at 20°C.
According to an embodiment, the agrochemical active is at least one selected from
an antifoulant, an attractant, an insecticide, a fungicide, a herbicide, a nematicide,
a pheromone, a defoliant, an acaricide, a plant growth regulator, an algicide, an
8
antifeedant, an avicide, a bactericide, a bird repellent, a biopesticide, a biocide, a
chemosterilant, a safener, an insect attractant, an insect repellent, a insect growth
regulator, a mammal repellent, a mating disrupter, a desiccant, a disinfectant, a
molluscicide, an antimicrobial, a miticide, an ovicide, a fumigant, a plant
activator, a rodenticide, a synergist, a virucide, 5 a repellent, a microbial pesticide, a
plant incorporated protectant, other miscellaneous pesticidal active, or salts,
derivatives and mixtures therefore.
According to an embodiment, the first or second agrochemical active is at least
10 one selected from but are not limited to one or more of “abamectin, abamectinaminomethyl,
abscisic acid, ACC, acephate, acequinocyl, acetamiprid, acethion,
acetochlor, acetofenate, acetophos, acetoprole, acibenzolar, acifluorfen, aclonifen,
acetonitrile, acrep, acrinathrin, acrolein, acrylonitrile, acynonapyr, acypetacs,
afidopyropen, afoxolaner, alachlor, alanap, alanycarb, albendazole, aldicarb,
15 aldicarb sulfone, aldimorph, aldoxycarb, aldrin, allethrin, d-trans-allethrin, allicin,
allidochlor, allosamidin, alloxydim, allyl alcohol, allyxycarb, alorac, alphabromadiolone,
alpha-cypermethrin, alpha-endosulfan, alphamethrin, altretamine,
aluminium phosphide, aluminum phosphide, ametoctradin, ametridione, ametryn,
ametryne, amibuzin, amicarbazone, amicarthiazol, amidithion, amidochlor,
20 amidoflumet, amidosulfuron, aminocarb, aminocyclopyrachlor, aminopyralid, 4-
aminopyridine, aminotriazole, amiprofos-methyl, amiprophos, amiprophosmethyl,
amisulbrom, amiton, amitraz, amitrole, ammonium sulfamate, amobam,
amorphous silica gel, amorphous silicon dioxide, ampropylfos, AMS, anabasine,
ancymidol, anilazine, anilofos, anisuron, anthraquinone, antu, apholate, aramite,
25 arprocarb, arsenous oxide, asomate, aspirin, asulam, athidathion, atraton, atrazine,
aureofungin, avermectin B1, AVG, aviglycine, azaconazole, azadirachtin,
azafenidin, azamethiphos, azidithion, azimsulfuron, azinphos-ethyl,
azinphosethyl, azinphos-methyl, azinphosmethyl, aziprotryn, aziprotryne,
azithiram, azobenzene, azocyclotin, azothoate, azoxystrobin, bachmedesh, barban,
30 barbanate, barium hexafluorosilicate, barium polysulfide, barium silicofluoride,
9
barthrin, basic copper carbonate, basic copper chloride, basic copper sulfate,
BCPC, beflubutamid, benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, benazolin, bencarbazone,
benclothiaz, bendaqingbingzhi, bendiocarb, bendioxide, benefin, benfluralin,
benfuracarb, benfuresate, , benodanil, benomyl, benoxacor, benoxafos,
5 benquinox, bensulfuron, bensulide, bensultap, bentaluron, bentazon, bentazone,
benthiavalicarb, benthiazole, benthiocarb, bentranil, benzadox, benzalkonium
chloride, benzamacril, benzamizole, benzamorf, benzene hexachloride,
benzfendizone, benzimine, benzipram, benzobicyclon, benzoepin, benzofenap,
benzofluor, benzohydroxamic acid, benzomate, benzophosphate,
10 benzothiadiazole, benzovindiflupyr, benzoximate, benzoylprop, benzpyrimoxan,
benzthiazuron, , benzyladenine, benzyl benzoate, berberine, beta-cyfluthrin, betacypermethrin,
bethoxazin, BHC, gamma-BHC, bialaphos, bicyclopyrone,
bifenazate, bifenox, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bilanafos, binapacryl,
bingqingxiao, bioallethrin, S-bioallethrin, bioethanomethrin, biopermethrin,
15 bioresmethrin, biphenyl, bisazir, bismerthiazol, bismerthiazol-copper,
bisphenylmercury methylenedi(x-naphthalene-y-sulphonate), bispyribac,
bistrifluron, bisultap, bitertanol, bithionol, bixafen, blasticidin-S, borax, Bordeaux
mixture, boric acid, boscalid, BPCMS, BPPS, brassinolide, brassinolide-ethyl,
brevicomin, brodifacoum, brofenprox, brofenvalerate, broflanilide, brofluthrinate,
20 bromacil, bromadiolone, alpha-bromadiolone, bromchlophos, bromethalin,
bromethrin, bromfenvinfos, bromoacetamide, bromobonil, bromobutide,
bromociclen, bromocyclen, bromo-DDT, bromofenoxim, bromofos,
bromomethane, bromophos, bromophos-ethyl, bromopropylate, bromothalonil,
bromoxynil, brompyrazon, bromuconazole, bronopol, BRP, BTH, bucarpolate,
25 bufencarb, buminafos, bupirimate, buprofezin, Burgundy mixture, busulfan,
busulphan, butacarb, butachlor, butafenacil, butam, butamifos, butane-fipronil,
butathiofos, butenachlor, butene-fipronil, butethrin, buthidazole, buthiobate,
buthiuron, butifos, butocarboxim, butonate, butopyronoxyl, butoxycarboxim,
butralin, butrizol, butroxydim, buturon, butylamine, butylate, butylchlorophos,
30 butylene-fipronil, cacodylic acid, cadusafos, cafenstrole, calciferol, calcium
arsenate, calcium chlorate, calcium cyanamide, calcium cyanide, calcium
10
polysulfide, calvinphos, cambendichlor, camphechlor, camphor, d-camphor,
captafol, captan, carbam, carbamorph, carbanolate, carbaril, carbaryl, carbasulam,
carbathion, carbendazim, carbendazol, carbetamide, carbofenotion, carbofuran,
carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, carbonyl sulfide, carbophenothion,
5 carbophos, carbosulfan, carboxazole, carboxide, carboxin, carfentrazone,
carpropamid, cartap, cartap hydrochloride, carvacrol, carvone, CAVP, CDAA,
CDEA, CDEC, cellocidin, CEPC, ceralure, cerenox, cevadilla, Cheshunt mixture,
chinalphos, chinalphos-méthyl, chinomethionate, chiralaxyl, chitosan,
chlobenthiazone, chlomethoxyfen, , chloralose, chloramben, chloramine
10 phosphorus, chloramphenicol, chloraniformethan, chloranil, chloranocryl,
chlorantraniliprole, chlorazifop, chlorazine, chlorbenside, chlorbenzuron,
chlorbicyclen, chlorbromuron, chlorbufam, chlordane, chlordecone,
chlordimeform, chlorempenthrin, chloretazate, chlorethephon, chlorethoxyfos,
chloreturon, chlorfenac, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenazole, chlorfenethol, chlorfenidim,
15 chlorfenprop, chlorfenson, chlorfensulphide, chlorfenvinphos, chlorfenvinphosmethyl,
chlorfluazuron, chlorflurazole, chlorflurecol, chlorfluren, chlorflurenol,
chloridazon, chlorimuron, chlorinate, chlormephos, chlormequat, chlormesulone,
chlormethoxynil, chlornidine, chlornitrofen, chloroacetic acid, chlorobenzilate,
chlorodinitronaphthalenes, chlorofénizon, chloroform, α-chlorohydrin,
20 chloromebuform, chloromethiuron, chloroneb, chlorophacinone, chlorophos,
chlorophthalim, chloropicrin, chloropon, chloroprallethrin, chloropropylate,
chlorothalonil, chlorotoluron, chloroxifenidim, chloroxuron, chloroxynil,
chlorphonium, chlorphoxim, chlorphthalim, chlorprazophos, chlorprocarb,
chlorpropham, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chlorquinox, chlorsulfuron,
25 chlorthal, chlorthiamid, chlorthiophos, chlortoluron, chlozolinate, ,
cholecalciferol, choline chloride, chromafenozide, cicloheximide, cimectacarb,
cimetacarb, cinerin I, cinerin II, cinerins, cinidon-ethyl, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron,
cintofen, ciobutide, cisanilide, cismethrin, clacyfos, clefoxydim, clenpirin,
clenpyrin, clethodim, climbazole, cliodinate, clodinafop, cloethocarb, clofencet,
30 clofenotane, clofentezine, clofenvinfos, clofibric acid, clofop, clomazone,
clomeprop, clonitralid, cloprop, cloproxydim, clopyralid, cloquintocet,
11
cloransulam, closantel, clothianidin, clotrimazole, cloxyfonac, cloxylacon,
clozylacon, CMA, CMMP, CMP, CMU, codlelure, colecalciferol, colophonate,
copper acetate, copper acetoarsenite, copper arsenate, copper carbonate, basic,
copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oleate, copper oxychloride, copper
8-quinolinolate, copper silicate, copper sulfate, 5 copper sulfate, basic, copper zinc
chromate, coumachlor, coumafène, coumafos, coumafuryl, coumaphos,
coumatetralyl, coumethoxystrobin, coumithoate, coumoxystrobin, 4-CPA, 4-CPB,
CPMC, CPMF, 4-CPP, CPPC, credazine, cresol, cresylic acid, crimidine,
crotamiton, crotoxyfos, crotoxyphos, crufomate, cryolite, cue-lure, cufraneb,
10 cumyleron, cumyluron, cuprobam, cuprous oxide, curcumenol, CVMP,
cyanamide, cyanatryn, cyanazine, cyanofenphos, cyanogen, cyanophos,
cyanthoate, cyan-traniliprole, cyanuric acid, cyazofamid, cybutryne, cyclafuramid,
cyclanilide, cyclaniliprole, cyclethrin, cycloate, cycloheximide, cycloprate,
cycloprothrin, cyclopyrimorate, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cycluron,
15 cyenopyrafen, cyflufenamid, cyflumetofen, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin,
cyhalodiamide, cyhalofop, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin,
cyhexatin, cymiazole, cymoxanil, cyometrinil, cypendazole, cypermethrin, alphacypermethrin,
beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin,
cyperquat, cyphenothrin, cyprazine, cyprazole, cyproconazole, cyprodinil,
20 cyprofuram, cypromid, cyprosulfamide, cyromazine, cythioate, cytrex, 1,3-D, 2,4-
D, 3,4-DA, daimuron, dalapon, daminozide, , dazomet, 2,4-DB, 3,4-DB, DBCP,
d-camphor, DCB, DCIP, DCPA (USA), DCPA (Japan), DCPTA, DCU, DDD,
DDPP, DDT, pp′-DDT, DDVP, 2,4-DEB, debacarb, decafentin, decamethrin,
decarbofuran, deet, dehydroacetic acid, deiquat, delachlor, delnav, deltamethrin,
25 demephion, demephion-O, demephion-S, demeton, demeton-methyl, demeton-O,
demeton-O-methyl, demeton-S, demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methylsulphon,
demeton-S-methyl sulphone, DEP, 2,4-DEP, depalléthrine, derris, 2,4-DES,
desmedipham, desmetryn, desmetryne, d-fanshiluquebingjuzhi, diafenthiuron,
dialifor, dialifos, di-allate, diallate, diamidafos, dianat, diatomaceous earth,
30 diatomite, diazinon, dibrom, 1,2-dibromoethane, dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl
succinate, dicamba, dicapthon, dichlobenil, dichlobentiazox, dichlofenthion,
12
dichlofluanid, dichlone, dichloralurea, dichlorbenzuron, dichlorfenidim,
dichlorflurecol, dichlorflurenol, dichlormate, dichlormid, o-dichlorobenzene,
ortho-dichlorobenzene, p-dichlorobenzene, para-dichlorobenzene, 1,2-
dichloroethane, dichloromethane, dichlorophen, 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid, 1,2-
dichloropropane, 5 1,3-dichloropropene, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, dichlorvos,
dichlozolin, dichlozoline, diclobutrazol, diclocymet, diclofop, diclomezine,
dicloran, dicloromezotiaz, diclosulam, dicofol, dicophane, dicou-marol, dicresyl,
dicrotophos, dicryl, dicumarol, dicyclanil, dicyclonon, dieldrin, dienochlor,
dietham-quat, diethatyl, diethion, diéthion, diethofencarb, dietholate, diéthon,
10 diethyl pyrocarbonate, di-ethyltoluamide, difenacoum, difenoconazole,
difenopenten, difenoxuron, difenzoquat, difethialone, diflovidazin, diflubenzuron,
diflufenican, diflufenicanil, diflufenzopyr, diflumetorim, dikegulac, dilor, dimatif,
dimefluthrin, dimefox, dimefuron, dimehypo, dimepiperate, dimetachlone,
dimetan, dimethacarb, dimethachlone, dimethachlor, dimethametryn,
15 dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, dimethipin, dimethirimol, dimethoate,
dimethomorph, dimethrin, dimethyl carbate, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl
phthalate, dimethylvinphos, dimetilan, dimexano, dimidazon, dimoxystrobin,
dimpylate, dimuron, dinex, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, R-diniconazole,
dinitramine, dinitrophenols, dinobuton, dinocap, dinocap-4, dinocap-6, dinocton,
20 dinofenate, dinopenton, dinoprop, dinosam, dinoseb, dinosulfon, dinotefuran,
dinoterb, dinoterbon, diofenolan, dioxabenzofos, dioxacarb, dioxathion, dioxation,
diphacin, diphacinone, diphenadione, diphenamid, diphenamide, diphenylamine,
diphenyl sulfone, diphenylsulphide, diprogulic acid, dipropalin, dipropetryn,
dipterex, dipymetitrone, dipyrithione, diquat, disosultap, disparlure, disugran,
25 disul, disulfiram, disulfoton, ditalimfos, dithianon, dithicrofos, dithioether,
dithiométon, dithiopyr, diuron, dixanthogen, d-limonene, DMDS, DMPA, DNOC,
dodemorph, dodicin, dodine, dofenapyn, doguadine, dominicalure, doramectin,
2,4-DP, 3,4-DP, DPC, drazoxolon, DSMA, d-trans-allethrin, d-trans-resmethrin,
dufulin, dymron, EBEP, EBP, ebufos, α-ecdysone, β-ecdysone, ecdysterone,
30 echlomezol, EDB, EDC, EDDP, edifenphos, eglinazine, emamectin, EMPC,
empenthrin, enadenine, endosulfan, alpha-endosulfan, endothal, endothall,
13
endothion, endrin, enestroburin, enilconazole, enoxastrobin, ephirsulfonate, EPN,
epocholeone, epofenonane, epoxiconazole, eprinomectin, epronaz, epsilonmetofluthrin,
epsilon-momfluorothrin, EPTC, erbon, ergocalciferol, ,
esdépalléthrine, esfenvalerate, ESP, esprocarb, etacelasil, etaconazole, etaphos,
etem, ethaboxam, ethachlor, ethalfluralin, 5 ethametsulfuron, ethaprochlor,
ethephon, ethidimuron, ethiofencarb, ethiolate, ethion, ethiozin, ethiprole,
ethirimol, ethoate-methyl, ethobenzanid, ethofumesate, ethohexadiol, ethoprop,
ethoprophos, ethoxyfen, (3-ethoxypropyl)mercury bromide, ethoxyquin,
ethoxysulfuron, ethychlozate, ethylan, ethyl-DDD, ethylene, ethylene dibromide,
10 ethylene dichloride, ethylene oxide, ethyl formate, ethylicin, ethylmercury acetate,
ethylmercury bromide, ethylmercury chloride, ethylmercury 2,3-dihydroxypropyl
mercaptide, ethylmercury phosphate, N-(ethylmercury)-p-toluenesulfonanilide, N-
(ethylmercury)-p-toluenesulphonanilide, ethyl pyrophosphate, etinofen, ETM,
etnipromid, etobenzanid, etofenprox, etoxazole, etridiazole, etrimfos, étrimphos,
15 eugenol, EXD, famoxadone, famphur, , fenac, fenamidone, fenaminosulf,
fenaminstrobin, fenamiphos, fenapanil, fenarimol, fenasulam, fenazaflor,
fenazaquin, fenbuconazole, fenbutatin oxide, fenchlorazole, fenchlorphos,
fenclofos, fenclorim, fenethacarb, fenfluthrin, fenfuram, fenhexamid, fenidin,
fenitropan, fenitrothion, fénizon, fenjuntong, fenobucarb, fenolovo, fenoprop,
20 fenothiocarb, fenoxacrim, fenoxanil, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-P, fenoxasulfone,
fenoxycarb, fenpiclonil, fenpicoxamid, fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenpropidin,
fenpropimorph, fenpyrazamine, fenpyroximate, fenquinotrione, fenridazon,
fenson, fensulfothion, fenteracol, fenthiaprop, fenthion, fenthion-ethyl, fentiaprop,
fentin, fentrazamide, fentrifanil, fenuron, fenuron-TCA, fenvalerate, ferbam,
25 ferimzone, ferric phosphate, ferrous sulfate, fipronil, flamprop, flamprop-M,
flazasulfuron, flocoumafen, flometoquin, flonicamid, florasulam, florpyrauxifen,
fluacrypyrim, fluazaindolizine, fluazifop, fluazifop-P, fluazinam, fluazolate,
fluazuron, flubendiamide, flubenzimine, flubrocythrinate, flucarbazone,
flucetosulfuron, fluchloralin, flucofuron, flucycloxuron, flucythrinate, fludioxonil,
30 fluénéthyl, fluenetil, fluensulfone, flufenacet, flufenerim, flufenican,
flufenoxuron, flufenoxystrobin, flufenprox, flufenpyr, flufenzine, flufiprole,
14
fluhexafon, fluindapyr, flumethrin, flumetover, flumetralin, flumetsulam,
flumezin, flumiclorac, flumioxazin, flumipropyn, flumorph, fluometuron,
fluopicolide, fluopyram, fluorbenside, fluoridamid, fluoroacetamide, fluoroacetic
acid, fluorochloridone, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen, fluoroimide, fluoromide,
fluoromidine, fluoronitrofen, f 5 luoroxypyr, fluothiuron, fluotrimazole,
fluoxastrobin, flupoxam, flupropacil, flupropadine, flupropanate, flupyradifurone,
flupyrsulfuron, fluquinconazole, fluralaner, flurazole, flurecol, flurenol, fluridone,
flurochloridone, fluromidine, fluroxypyr, flurprimidol, flursulamid, flurtamone,
flusilazole, flusulfamide, flutenzine, fluthiacet, fluthiamide, flutianil, flutolanil,
10 flutriafol, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate, fluxametamide, fluxapyroxad, fluxofenim,
folpel, folpet, fomesafen, fonofos, foramsulfuron, forchlorfenuron, formaldehyde,
formetanate, formothion, formparanate, fosamine, fosetyl, fosmethilan, fospirate,
fosthiazate, fosthietan, frontalin, fthalide, fuberidazole, fucaojing, fucaomi,
fujunmanzhi, fulumi, fumarin, funaihecaoling, fuphenthiourea, furalane, furalaxyl,
15 furamethrin, furametpyr, furan tebufenozide, furathiocarb, furcarbanil,
furconazole, furconazole-cis, furethrin, furfural, furilazole, furmecyclox,
furophanate, furyloxyfen, gamma-BHC, gamma-cyhalothrin, gamma-HCH, genit,
gibberellic acid, gibberellin A3, gibberellins, gliftor, glitor, glucochloralose,
glufosinate, glufosinate-P, glyodin, glyoxime, glyphosate, glyphosine, gossyplure,
20 grandlure, griseofulvin, guanoctine, guazatine, halacrinate, halauxifen,
halfenprox, halofenozide, halosafen, halosulfuron, haloxydine, haloxyfop,
haloxyfop-P, haloxyfop-R, HCA, HCB, HCH, gamma-HCH, hemel, hempa,
HEOD, heptachlor, heptafluthrin, heptenophos, heptopargil, herbimycin,
herbimycin A, heterophos, hexachlor, hexachloran, hexachloroacetone,
25 hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorobutadiene, hexachlorophene, hexaconazole,
hexaflumuron, hexafluoramin, hexaflurate, hexalure, hexamide, hexazinone,
hexylthiofos, hexythiazox, HHDN, holosulf, homobrassinolide, huancaiwo,
huanchongjing, huangcaoling, huanjunzuo, hydramethylnon, hydrargaphen,
hydrated lime, hydrogen cyanamide, hydrogen cyanide, hydroprene, S30
hydroprene, hydroxyisoxazole, 4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol, 8-hydroxyquinoline
sulfate, hymexazol, hyquincarb, IAA, IBA, IBP, icaridin, imazalil,
15
imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr,
imazosulfuron, imibenconazole, imicyafos, imidacloprid, imidaclothiz,
iminoctadine, imiprothrin, inabenfide, indanofan, indaziflam, indoxacarb, inezin,
infusorial earth, iodobonil, iodocarb, iodofenphos, iodomethane, iodosulfuron,
5 iofensulfuron, ioxynil, ipazine, IPBC, IPC, ipconazole, ipfencarbazone,
ipfentrifluconazole, iprobenfos, iprodione, iprovalicarb, iprymidam, ipsdienol,
ipsenol, IPSP, IPX, isamidofos, isazofos, isobenzan, isocarbamid, isocarbamide,
isocarbophos, isocil, isodrin, isofenphos, isofenphos-methyl, isofetamid,
isoflucypram, isolan, isomethiozin, isonoruron, isopamphos, isopolinate,
10 isoprocarb, isoprocil, isopropalin, isopropazol, isoprothiolane, isoproturon,
isopyrazam, isopyrimol, isothioate, isotianil, isouron, isovaledione, isoxaben,
isoxachlortole, isoxadifen, isoxaflutole, isoxapyrifop, isoxathion, isuron,
ivermectin, ixoxaben, izopamfos, izopamphos, japonilure, japothrins, jasmolin I,
jasmolin II, jasmonic acid, jiahuangchongzong, jiajizengxiaolin, jiaxiangjunzhi,
15 jiecaowan, jiecaoxi, Jinganmycin A, jodfenphos, juvenile hormone I, juvenile
hormone II, juvenile hormone III, kadethrin, kappa-bifenthrin, kappa-tefluthrin,
karbutilate, karetazan, kasugamycin, kejunlin, kelevan, ketospiradox, kieselguhr,
kinetin, kinoprene, S-kinoprene, kiralaxyl, kresoxim-methyl, kuicaoxi, lactofen,
lambda-cyhalothrin, lancotrione, latilure, lead arsenate, lenacil, lepimectin,
20 leptophos, lianbenjingzhi, lime sulfur, d-limonene, lindane, lineatin, linuron,
lirimfos, litlure, looplure, lufenuron, lüfuqingchongxianan, lüxiancaolin,
lvdingjunzhi, lvfumijvzhi, lvxiancaolin, lythidathion, M-74, M-81, MAA,
magnesium phosphide, malathion, maldison, maleic hydrazide, malonoben,
maltodextrin, MAMA, mancopper, mancozeb, mandestrobin, mandipropa-mid,
25 maneb, matrine, mazidox, MCC, MCP, 1-MCP, MCPA, 2,4-MCPA, MCPAthioethyl,
MCPB, 2,4-MCPB, MCPP, mebenil, mecarbam, mecarbinzid,
mecarphon, mecoprop, mecoprop-P, medimeform, medinoterb, medlure,
mefenacet, mefenoxam, mefenpyr, mefentrifluconazole, mefluidide, megatomoic
acid, melissyl alcohol, melitoxin, MEMC, menazon, MEP, mepanipyrim,
30 meperfluthrin, mephenate, mephosfolan, mepiquat, mepronil, meptyldinocap,
mercaptodimethur, mercaptophos, mercaptophos thiol, mercaptothion, mercuric
16
chloride, mercuric oxide, mercurous chloride, merphos, merphos oxide,
mesoprazine, mesosulfuron, mesotrione, mesulfen, mesulfenfos, mesulphen,
metacresol, metaflumizone, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, R-metalaxyl, metaldehyde,
metam, metamifop, metamitron, metaphos, metaxon, metazachlor,
metazosulfuron, metazoxolon, metcamifen, m 5 etconazole, metepa, metflurazon,
methabenzthiazuron, methacrifos, methalpropalin, metham, methamidophos,
methasulfocarb, methazole, methfuroxam, methibenzuron, methidathion,
methiobencarb, methiocarb, methiopyrisulfuron, methiotepa, methiozolin,
methiuron, methocrotophos, métholcarb, methometon, methomyl, methoprene, S10
methoprene, methoprotryn, methoprotryne, methoquin-butyl, methothrin,
methoxychlor, 2-methoxyethylmercury chloride, methoxyfenozide,
methoxyphenone, methyl apholate, methyl bromide, methyl eugenol, methyl
iodide, methyl-isofenphos, methyl isothiocyanate, methyl parathion,
methylacetophos, methylchloroform, 1-methylcyclopropene,
15 methyldithiocarbamic acid, methyldymron, methylene chloride, methylmercaptophos,
methylmercaptophos oxide, methylmercaptophos thiol, methylmercury
benzoate, methylmercury dicyandiamide, methylmercury pentachlorophenoxide,
methylneodecanamide, methylnitrophos, methyltriazothion, metiozolin, metiram,
metiram-zinc, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metofluthrin, epsilon-metofluthrin,
20 metolachlor, S-metolachlor, metolcarb, metometuron, metominostrobin,
metosulam, metoxadiazone, metoxuron, metrafenone, metriam, metribuzin,
metrifonate, metriphonate, metsulfovax, metsulfuron, mevinphos, mexacarbate,
miechuwei, mieshuan, miewenjuzhi, milbemectin, milbemycin oxime, milneb,
mimanan, mipafox, MIPC, mirex, MNAF, moguchun, molinate, molosultap,
25 monalide, monalide, momfluorothrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, monisuron,
monoamitraz, monochloroacetic acid, monocrotophos, monolinuron,
monomehypo, monosulfiram, monosulfuron, monosultap, monuron, monuron-
TCA, morfamquat, moroxydine, morphothion, morzid, moxidectin, MPMC,
MSMA, MTMC, α-multistriatin, muscalure, myclobutanil, myclozolin, myricyl
30 alcohol, NAA, NAAm, nabam, naftalofos, naled, naphthalene,
naphthaleneacetamide, α-naphthaleneacetic acids, naphthalic anhydride,
17
naphthalophos, 1-naphthol, naphthoxyacetic acids, naphthylacetic acids,
naphthylindane-1,3-diones, naphthyloxyacetic acids, naproanilide, napropamide,
napropamide-M, naptalam, natamycin, NBPOS, neburea, neburon, nendrin,
neonicotine, nichlorfos, niclofen, niclosamide, nicobifen, nicosulfuron, nicotine,
nicotine sulfate, nifluridide, nikk 5 omycins, NIP, nipyraclofen, nipyralofen,
nitenpyram, nithiazine, nitralin, nitrapyrin, nitrilacarb, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen,
nitrostyrene, nitrothal-isopropyl, nobormide, nonanol, norbormide, norea, norflurazon,
nornicotine, noruron, novaluron, noviflumuron, NPA, nuarimol,
nuranone, OCH, octa-chlorodipropyl ether, octhilinone, 2-(octylthio)ethanol, o10
dichlorobenzene, ofurace, omethoate, o-phenylphenol, orbencarb, orfralure,
orthobencarb, ortho-dichlorobenzene, orthosulfamuron, oryctalure, orysastrobin,
oryzalin, osthol, osthole, ostramone, ovatron, ovex, oxabetrinil, oxadiargyl,
oxadiazon, oxadixyl, oxamate, oxamyl, oxapyrazon, oxapyrazone, oxasulfuron,
oxathiapiprolin, oxaziclomefone, oxine-copper, oxine-Cu, oxolinic acid,
15 oxpoconazole, oxycarboxin, oxydemeton-methyl, oxydeprofos, oxydisulfoton,
oxyenadenine, oxyfluorfen, oxymatrine, oxytetracycline, oxythioquinox, PAC,
paclobutrazol, paichongding, palléthrine, PAP, para-dichlorobenzene, parafluron,
paraquat, parathion, parathion-methyl, parinol, Paris green, PCNB, PCP, PCP-Na,
p-dichlorobenzene, PDJ, pebulate, pédinex, pefurazoate, pelargonic acid,
20 penconazole, pencycuron, pendimethalin, penfenate, penflufen, penfluron,
penoxalin, penoxsulam, pentachlorophenol, pentachlorophenyl laurate,
pentanochlor, penthiopyrad, pentmethrin, pentoxazone, perchlordecone,
perfluidone, permethrin, pethoxamid, PHC, phenamacril, phenamacril-ethyl,
phénaminosulf, phenazine oxide, phénétacarbe, phenisopham, phenkapton,
25 phenmedipham, phenmedipham-ethyl, phenobenzuron, phenothiol, phenothrin,
phenproxide, phenthoate, 8-phenylmercurioxyquinoline, phenylmercuriurea,
phenylmercury acetate, phenylmercury chloride, phenylmercury derivative of
pyrocatechol, phenylmercury nitrate, phenylmercury salicylate, 2-phenylphenol,
phorate, phosacetim, phosalone, phosametine, phosazetim, phosazetin,
30 phoscyclotin, phosdiphen, phosethyl, phosfolan, phosfolan-methyl, phos-glycin,
phosmet, phosnichlor, phosphamide, phosphamidon, phosphine, phosphinothricin,
18
phosphocarb, phosphorus, phostin, phoxim, phoxim-methyl, phthalide,
phthalophos, phthalthrin, picarbutrazox, picaridin, picloram, picolinafen,
picoxystrobin, pimaricin, pindone, pinoxaden, piperalin, piperazine, piperonyl
butoxide, piperonyl cyclonene, piperophos, piproctanly, piproctanyl, piprotal,
pirimetaphos, pirimicarb, piriminil, 5 pirimioxyphos, pirimiphos-ethyl, pirimiphosmethyl,
pival, pivaldione, plifenate, PMA, PMP, polybutenes, polycarbamate,
polychlorcamphene, polyethoxyquinoline, polyoxin D, polyoxins, polyoxorim,
polythialan, potassium arsenite, potassium azide, potassium cyanate, potassium
ethylxanthate, potassium naphthenate, potassium polysulfide, potassium
10 thiocyanate, pp′-DDT, prallethrin, precocene I, precocene II, precocene III,
pretilachlor, primidophos, primisulfuron, probenazole, prochloraz, proclonol,
procyazine, procymidone, prodiamine, profenofos, profluazol, profluralin,
profluthrin, profoxydim, profurite-aminium, proglinazine, prohexadione,
prohydrojasmon, promacyl, promecarb, prometon, prometryn, prometryne,
15 promurit, pronamide, propachlor, propafos, propamidine, propamocarb, propanil,
propaphos, propaquizafop, propargite, proparthrin, propazine, propetamphos,
propham, propiconazole, propidine, propineb, propisochlor, propoxur,
propoxycarbazone, propyl isome, propyrisulfuron, propyzamide, proquinazid,
prosuler, prosulfalin, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, prothidathion, prothiocarb,
20 prothioconazole, prothiofos, prothoate, protrifenbute, proxan, prymidophos,
prynachlor, psoralen, psoralene, pydanon, pydiflumetofen, pyflubumide,
pymetrozine, pyracarbolid, pyraclofos, pyraclonil, pyraclostrobin, pyraflufen,
pyrafluprole, pyramat, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyrasulfotole,
pyraziflumid, pyrazolate, pyrazolynate, pyrazon, pyrazophos, pyrazosulfuron,
25 pyrazothion, pyrazoxyfen, pyresmethrin, pyrethrin I, pyrethrin II, pyrethrins,
pyribambenz-isopropyl, pyribambenz-propyl, pyribencarb, pyribenzoxim,
pyributicarb, pyriclor, pyridaben, pyridafol, pyridalyl, pyridaphenthion,
pyridaphenthione, pyridate, pyridinitril, pyrifenox, pyrifluquinazon, pyriftalid,
pyrimétaphos, pyrimethanil, pyrimicarbe, pyrimidifen, pyriminobac,
30 pyriminostrobin, pyrimiphos-éthyl, pyrimiphos-méthyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrimitate,
pyrinuron, pyriofenone, pyriprole, pyripropanol, pyriproxyfen, pyrisoxazole,
19
pyrithiobac, pyrolan, pyroquilon, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam, pyroxychlor,
qincaosuan, qingkuling, quassia, quinacetol, quinalphos, quinalphos-methyl,
quinazamid, quinclorac, quinconazole, quinmerac, quinoclamine, quinofumelin,
quinomethionate, quinonamid, quinothion, quinoxyfen, quintiofos, quintozene,
5 quizalofop, quizalofop-P, quwenzhi, quyingding, rabenzazole, rafoxanide, Rdiniconazole,
rebemide, reglone, renofluthrin, renriduron, rescalure, resmethrin, dtrans-
resmethrin, rhodethanil, rhodojaponin-III, ribavirin, rimsulfuron, rizazole,
R-metalaxyl, rodéthanil, ronnel, rotenone, ryania, sabadilla, saflufenacil,
saijunmao, saisentong, salicylanilide, salifluofen, sanguinarine, santonin,
10 sarolaner, S-bioallethrin, schradan, scilliroside, sebuthylazine, secbumeton,
sedaxane, selamectin, semiamitraz, sesamex, sesamolin, sesone, sethoxydim,
sevin, S-hydroprene, shuangjiaancaolin, shuangjianancaolin, siduron, sifumijvzhi,
siglure, silafluofen, silatrane, silica aerogel, silica gel, silthiofam, silthiopham,
silthiophan, silvex, simazine, simeconazole, simeton, simetryn, simetryne,
15 sintofen, S-kinoprene, slaked lime, SMA, S-methoprene, S-metolachlor, sodium
arsenite, sodium azide, sodium chlorate, sodium cyanide, sodium fluoride, sodium
fluoroacetate, sodium hexafluorosilicate, sodium naphthenate, sodium
orthophenylphenoxide, sodium pentachlorophenate, sodium pentachlorophenoxide,
sodium o-phenylphenoxide, sodium polysulfide, sodium
20 silicofluoride, disodium tetraborate, sodium tetrathiocarbonate, sodium
thiocyanate, solan, sophamide, spinetoram, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen,
spirotetramat, spiroxamine, stirofos, streptomycin, strychnine, sulcatol,
sulcofuron, sulcotrione, sulfallate, sulfentrazone, sulfiram, sulfluramid,
sulfodiazole, sulfometuron, sulfosate, sulfosulfuron, sulfotep, sulfotepp,
25 sulfoxaflor, sulfoxide, sulfoxime, sulfur, sulfuric acid, sulfuryl fluoride,
sulglycapin, sulphosate, sulprofos, sultropen, swep, 2,4,5-T, tau-fluvalinate,
tavron, tazimcarb, 2,4,5-TB, 2,3,6-TBA, TBTO, TBZ, TCA, TCBA, TCMTB,
TCNB, TDE, tebuconazole, tebufenozide, tebufenpyrad, tebufloquin,
tebupirimfos, tebutam, tebuthiuron, tecloftalam, tecnazene, tecoram, tedion,
30 teflubenzuron, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, temefos,
temephos, tepa, TEPP, tepraloxydim, teproloxydim, terallethrin, terbacil,
20
terbucarb, terbuchlor, terbufos, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutol, terbutryn,
terbutryne, terraclor, terramicin, terramycin, tetcyclacis, tetrachloroethane,
tetrachlorvinphos, tetraconazole, tetradifon, tetradisul, tetrafluron, tetramethrin,
tetramethylfluthrin, tetramine, tetranactin, tetraniliprole, tetrapion, tetrasul,
thallium sulfate, thallous sulfate, thenylchlor, t 5 heta-cypermethrin, thiabendazole,
thiacloprid, thiadiazine, thiadifluor, thiamethoxam, thiameturon, thiapronil,
thiazafluron, thiazfluron, thiazone, thiazopyr, thicrofos, thicyofen, thidiazimin,
thidiazuron, thiencarbazone, thifensulfuron, thifluzamide, thimerosal, thimet,
thiobencarb, thiocarboxime, thiochlorfenphim, thiochlorphenphime,
10 thiocyanatodinitrobenzenes, thiocyclam, thiodan, thiodiazole-copper, thiodicarb,
thiofanocarb, thiofanox, thiofluoximate, thiohempa, thiomersal, thiometon,
thionazin, thiophanate, thiophanate-ethyl, thiophanate-methyl, thiophos,
thioquinox, thiosemicarbazide, thiosultap, thiotepa, thioxamyl, thiram, thiuram,
thuringiensin, tiabendazole, tiadinil, tiafenacil, tiaojiean, TIBA, tifatol, tiocarbazil,
15 tioclorim, tioxazafen, tioxymid, TMTD, tirpate, tolclofos-methyl, tolfenpyrad,
tolprocarb, tolpyralate, tolyfluanid, tolylfluanid, tolylmercury acetate, tomarin,
topramezone, toxaphene, 2,4,5-TP, 2,3,3-TPA, TPN, tralkoxydim, tralocythrin,
tralomethrin, tralopyril, d-trans-allethrin, d-trans-resmethrin, transfluthrin,
transpermethrin, tretamine, tri-allate, triacontanol, triadimefon, triadimenol,
20 triafamone, triallate, triamiphos, triapenthenol, triarathene, triarimol, triasulfuron,
triazamate, triazbutil, triaziflam, triazophos, triazothion, triazoxide, tribasic
copper chloride, tribasic copper sulfate, tribenuron, tribufos, tributyltin oxide,
tricamba, trichlamide, trichlopyr, trichlorfon, trichlormetaphos-3, trichloronat,
trichloronate, trichlorotrinitrobenzenes, trichlorphon, triclopyr, triclopyricarb,
25 tricresol, tricyclazole, tricyclohexyltin hydroxide, tridemorph, tridiphane,
trietazine, trifenmorph, trifenofos, trifloxystrobin, trifloxysulfuron,
trifludimoxazin, triflumezopyrim, triflumizole, triflumuron, trifluralin,
triflusulfuron, trifop, trifopsime, triforine, trihydroxytriazine, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic
acid, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, trimedlure, trimethacarb, trimeturon,
30 trinexapac, triphenyltin, triprene, tripropindan, triptolide, tritac, trithialan,
triticonazole, tritosulfuron, trunc-call, tuoyelin, uniconazole, uniconazole-P,
21
urbacide, uredepa, valerate, validamycin, validamycin A, valifenalate, valone,
vamidothion, vangard, vaniliprole, vernolate, vinclozolin, vitamin D3, warfarin,
xiaochongliulin, xinjunan, xiwojunan, xiwojunzhi, XMC, xylachlor, xylenols,
xylylcarb, xymiazole, yishijing, zarilamid, zeatin, zengxiaoan, zengxiaolin, zetacypermethrin,
zinc naphthenate, zinc 5 phosphide, zinc thiazole, zinc thiozole, zinc
trichlorophenate, zinc trichlorophenoxide, zineb, ziram, zolaprofos, zoocoumarin,
zoxamide, zuoanjunzhi, zuocaoan, zuojunzhi, zuomihuanglong, 1-MCP, 1-
methylcyclopropene, 1-naphthol, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-D, 1,3-
dichloropropene, 2iP, 2-methoxyethylmercury chloride, 2-(octylthio)ethanol, 2-
10 phenylphenol, 2,3,3-TPA, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, 2,3,6-TBA, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB,
2,4-DEB, 2,4-DEP, 2,4-DES, 2,4-DP, 2,4-MCPA, 2,4-MCPB, 2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-TB,
2,4,5-TP, (3-ethoxypropyl)mercury bromide, 3,4-DA, 3,4-DB, 3,4-DP, 3,6-
dichloropicolinic acid, 4-aminopyridine, 4-CPA, 4-CPB, 4-CPP, 4-
hydroxyphenethyl alcohol, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate, 8-
15 phenylmercurioxyquinoline, or salts, derivatives and mixtures therefore.
According to an embodiment, the first agrochemical active ingredient is a water
sensitive active ingredient. According to an embodiment, the water sensitive
active include one or more of but not limited to, clodinafop-propargyl,
20 acetamiprid, pinoxaden, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron, chlorimuron, chlorsulfuron,
cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethametsulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron,
flupyrsulfuron, halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron, mesosulfuron,
metsulfuron, nicosulfuron, primisulfuron, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron,
rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron, triasulfuron, tribenuron,
25 triflusulfuron, trifloxysulfuron, tritosulfuron; ,cloquintocet-mexyl, thiamethoxam,
mesotrione, cartap, cartap hydrochloride, acephate, acifluorfen, acifluorfensodium,
aldicarb, aminocarb, aminopyralid , asulam sodium, azamethiphos,
bromoxynil, chloropicrin, dazomet, dicamba, diflufenzopyr, dimethachlor,
dimethenamid, bispyribac-sodium, dimethenamid-P, dimethoate, dinotefuran,
30 DNOC, dodine, endothion, ethephon, ethiprole, ethylene bisisothiocyanate
22
sulphide, fenoxanil, fosetyl-aluminium, fosthiazate, glufosinate-ammonium,
guazatine, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin,
imazethapyr, ioxynil, isocarbamide, MCPA, MCPB, mecoprop, metalaxyl ,
metamitron, metam-sodium, methamidophos, metribuzin, monocrotophos,
oxamyl, oxasulfuron, oxycarboxin, 5 picloram-dimethylammonium, picloramtrolamine,
pirimicarb, propoxycarbazone-sodium, pyrazoxyfen, pyrithiobacsodium,
pyroquilone, pyroxsulam, quinclorac-dimethylammonium, quinmerac,
quinoclamine, saflufenacil, sethoxydim, sulfometuron-methyl, tembotrione ,
terbuthylazine, thifensulfuron-methyl, thifluzamide, thiocyclam hydrogen
10 oxalate, thiocyclam, thiofanox, topramezone, tribenuron-methyl, trichlorfon,
triclopyr, uniconazole, fipronil and salts or derivatives thereof.
According to an embodiment, the first agrochemical active ingredient is a water
soluble active. According to an embodiment, the water soluble active includes one
or more of but not limited to acephate, acetamiprid, acethion, acetic acid,
15 acetochlor, acetoprole, acibenzolar-S-methyl, acifluorfen, acifluorfen-sodium,
aclonifen, acrolein, acrylonitrile, afidopyropen, alachlor, alanycarb, aldicarb,
aldimorph, aldoxycarb, allidochlor, alloxydim, allyl alcohol, allyxycarb, alorac,
alpha-chlorohydrin, alpha-endosulfan, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane, alphanaphthylthiourea,
aluminium ammonium sulphate, aluminium phosphide,
20 aluminium silicate, ametoctradin, ametridione, ametryn, amibuzin, amicarbazone,
amidithion, amidochlor, amidosulfuron, amidothioate, aminocarb,
aminocyclopyrachlor, aminopyralid, amiprofos-methyl, amisulbrom, amiton,
amitraz, amitrole, ammonium acetate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium
hydroxide, ammonium sulphamate, ammonium sulphate, ammonium
25 thiocyanate, ampropylfos, ancymidol, anilazine, anilofos, anisuron, ANTU,
aramite, arsenous oxide, asomate, asulam sodium, asulam, athidathion, atraton,
atrazine, azaconazole, azafenidin, azamethiphos, azimsulfuron, azinphos-ethyl,
azinphos-methyl, aziprotryne, azithiram, azobenzene, azothoate, azoxybenzene,
azoxystrobin, barban, barium carbonate, barium polysulphide, beflubutamid,
30 benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, benazolin ethyl, benazolin, bencarbazone, benclothiaz,
23
bendiocarb, benfuracarb, benfuresate, benodanil, benomyl, benquinox,
bensulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, bensulide, bensultap, bentaluron, bentazone,
benthiavalicarb isopropyl, benthiavalicarb, benzadox ammonium, benzadox,
benzalkonium chloride, benzamacril isobutyl, benzamacril, benzamorf,
benzfendizone, benzipram, 5 benzofenap, benzofluor, benzoic acid,
benzovindiflupyr, benzoximate, benzoylprop, benzoylprop-ethyl, benzthiazuron,
benzyl benzoate, beta-cypermethrin, bethoxazin, bicyclopyrone, bifenazate,
bifenox, binapacryl, bioallethrin, biopermethrin, bioresmethrin, biphenyl, bis(2-
chloroethyl)ether, bis(methylmercury) sulphate, bispyribac-sodium, bisthiosemi,
10 bis-trichloromethyl sulfone, bitertanol, bithionol, bixafen, bone oil, Bordeaux
mixture, boric acid, boscalid, brassinolide, brofluthrinate, bromacil,
bromadiolone, bromfenvinfos, bromobonil, bromobutide, bromocyclen,
bromofenoxim, bromomethane, bromophos, bromophos-ethyl, bromopropylate,
bromoxynil, brompyrazon, bromuconazole, bromuron, bronopol, bufencarb,
15 buminafos, bupirimate, buprofezin, butachlor, butafenacil, butamifos,
butanethiol, butathiofos, butenachlor, buthidazole, buthiobate, buthiuron,
butocarboxim, butonate, butopyronoxyl, butoxycarboxim, butralin, butroxydim,
buturon, butylate, cacodylic acid, cadusafos, cafenstrole, calciferol, calcium acid
methanearsonate, calcium arsenate, calcium carbide, calcium carbonate, calcium
20 chloride, calcium cyanamide, calcium hydroxide, calcium phosphate, calcium
phosphide, cambendichlor, camphechlor, captafol, captan, carbamorph,
carbanolate, carbaryl, carbasulam, carbendazim, carbetamide, carbofuran, carbon
dioxide, carbon disulphide, carbon tetrachloride, carbophenothion, carbosulfan,
carboxazole, carboxin sulfoxide, carboxin, carfentrazone-ethyl, carpropamid,
25 cartap, cartap hydrochloride, chinomethionat, chlobenthiazone, chlomethoxyfen,
chloralose, chloramben, chloraniformethan, chloranil, chloranocryl,
chlorantraniliprole, chlorazifop propargyl, chlorazifop, chlorazine, chlorbenside,
chlorbicyclen, chlorbromuron, chlorbufam, chlordane, chlordecone,
chlordimeform, chloretazate, chlorethoxyfos, chloreturon, chlorfenac,
30 chlorfenapyr, chlorfenazole, chlorfenethol, chlorfenprop-methyl, chlorfenson,
chlorfensulphide, chlorfenvinphos, chlorfluazole, chlorfluren methyl,
24
chlorfluren, chlorflurenol methyl, chlorflurenol, chloridazon, chlorimuronethyl,
chlormephos, chlormequat chloride, chlornitrofen, chlorobenzilate,
chloromebuform, chloromethiuron, chloroneb, chlorophacinone, chloropicrin,
chloropon, chloropropylate, chlorothalonil, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron,
chloroxylenol, 5 chloroxynil, chlorphonium chloride, chlorphoxim,
chlorprazophos, chlorprocarb, chlorpropham, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl,
chlorquinox, chlorsulfuron, chlortetracycline, chlorthal-dimethyl, chlorthiamid,
chlorthion, chlorthiophos, chlozolinate, choline chloride, chromafenozide,
cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, ciobutide, cisanilide, cispermethrin, clethodim,
10 climbazole, cliodinate, clodinafop, clodinafop-propargyl, cloethocarb, clofencet,
clofop, clofop-isobutyl, clomazone, cloprop, cloproxydim, clopyralid
monoethanolamine salt, clopyralid, cloransulam-methyl, closantel, clothianidin,
cloxyfonac, copper (1) oxide, copper acetoarsenite, copper bis(3-
phenylsalicyate), copper II acetate, copper II chloride, copper II hydroxide,
15 copper oxychloride, copper sulphate, COS-OGA, coumachlor, coumafuryl,
coumatetralyl, coumethoxystrobin, coumithoate, coumoxystrobin, credazine,
crimidine, crotamiton, crotoxyphos, cufraneb, cumyluron, cuprobam, cyanamide,
cyanatryn, cyanazine, cyanophos, cyanthoate, cyantraniliprole, cyazofamid,
cybutryne, cyclanilide, cyclaniliprole, cyclethrin, cycloate, cycloheximide,
20 cyclopyrimorate, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cycluron, cyenopyrafen,
cyflufenamid, cyhalofop, cyhalofop-butyl, cyhexatin, cymiazol, cymoxanil,
cypendazole, cyperquat chloride, cyperquat, cyprazine, cyproconazole,
cyprodinil, cyprofuram, cypromid, cyprosulfamide, cyromazine, dazomet,
daminozide, dalapon-sodium, dalapon, DAEP, debacarb, decafentin, defenuron,
25 dehydroacetic acid, delachlor, demephion, demephion-O, demephion-S,
demeton, demeton-O-methyl sulfone, demeton-O-methyl, demeton-S-methyl
sulfone, demeton-S-methyl, denatonium benzoate, desmedipham, desmetryn,
dialifos, di-allate, diamidaphos, diammonium ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate),
diammonium phosphate, diazinon, dibromochloropropane, dicamba, dichlobenil,
30 dichlofenthion, dichlofluanid, dichlone, dichlorophen, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-
P, dichlorvos, diclobutrazol, diclocymet, diclofop, diclofop-methyl,
25
diclomezine, dicloran, diclosulam, dicofol, dicrotophos, dicyclopentadiene,
didecyldimethylammonium chloride, dieldrin, diethatyl ethyl, diethofencarb,
diethyltoluamide, difenacoum, difenoconazole, difenopenten ethyl, difenopenten,
difenoxuron, difenzoquat metilsulfate, difenzoquat, difethialone, diflovidazin,
diflufenzopyr, diflumetorim, difunon, 5 dikegulac, dikegulac-sodium, dimefox,
dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid,
dimethenamid-P, dimethipin, dimethirimol, dimethoate, dimethomorph,
dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl(4-piperidinocarbonyloxy-2, 5-xylyl)sulfonium
toluene-4-sulfonate, dimethylvinphos, dimexano, dimidazon, dimoxystrobin,
10 dinex, dinex-diclexine, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, dinitramine, dinobuton,
dinocap, dinocton, dinofenate, dinopenton, dinosam, dinoseb acetate, dinoseb,
dinosulfon, dinotefuran, dinoterb, diofenolan, dioxabenzophos, dioxacarb,
dioxathion, diphacinone, diphenamid, diphenylamine, dipropalin, dipropetryn,
dipyrithione, diquat dibromide, diquat, disodium methanearsonate, disodium
15 octaborate tetrahydrate, disodium phosphonate, disul, disulfoton, disul-sodium,
ditalimfos, dithianon, dithiopyr, diuron, dixanthogen, DNOC, dodemorph
acetate, dodemorph, dodine, dormant oil, drazoxolon, dufulin, edifenphos,
eglinazine-ethyl, empenthrin, endosulfan, endothal, endothion, endrin,
enoxastrobin, epichlorohydrin, EPN, epocholeone, epofenonane, epoxiconazole,
20 EPTC, erbon, esprocarb, etacelasil, etaconazole, etaphos, etem, ethaboxam,
ethametsulfuron acid, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethanamine, ethanedial,
ethanethiol, ethephon, ethidimuron, ethiofencarb, ethion, ethiozin, ethiprole,
ethirimol, ethofumesate, ethoate-methyl, ethoprophos, ethoxyfen ethyl,
ethoxyfen, ethoxyquin, ethoxysulfuron, ethylene bisisothiocyanate sulphide,
25 ethylene dichloride, ethylmercury bromide, etinofen, etridiazole, etrimfos,
fenamidone, fenaminosulf, fenaminstrobin, fenamiphos, fenapanil, fenarimol,
fenasulam, fenazaflor, fenazaquin, fenbuconazole, fenchlorazole-ethyl,
fenchlorphos, fenfluthrin, fenfuram, fenhexamid, fenitropan, fenitrothion,
fenobucarb, fenoprop, fenoprop-butotyl, fenothiocarb, fenoxanil, fenoxaprop30
ethyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenoxasulfone, fenoxycarb, fenpiclonil, fenpirithrin,
fenpropathrin, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fenpyrazamine, fenquinotrione,
26
fenridazon, fenson, fensulfothion, fenthiaprop ethyl, fenthiaprop, fenthion,
fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide, fentrazamide, fenuron, ferbam,
ferric phosphate, fipronil, flamprop, flamprop-M-isopropyl, flazasulfuron,
flocoumafen, flonicamid, florasulam, fluacrypyrim, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-Pbutyl,
fluazinam, 5 flubenzimine, flucarbazone-sodium, flucetosulfuron,
fluchloralin, flucythrinate, fludioxonil, fluenetil, fluensulfone, flufenacet,
flufenerim, flufenoxystrobin, flufenpyr-ethyl, flufiprole, flumetsulam,
flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, flumipropyn, flumorph, fluometuron,
fluopicolide, fluopyram, fluorbenside, fluoroacetamide, fluorodifen,
10 fluoroglycofen, fluoromidine, fluothiuron, fluotrimazole, fluoxastrobin,
flupoxam, flupropacil, flupropadine hydrochloride, flupropadine, flupropanatesodium,
flupyradifurone, flupyrsulfuron, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium,
fluquinconazole, flurenol, fluridone, flurochloridone, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyrmeptyl,
flurprimidol, flurtamone, flusilazole, flusulfamide, fluthiacet methyl,
15 flutianil, flutolanil, flutriafol, fluxapyroxad, fluxofenim, folpet, fomesafen,
fonofos, foramsulfuron, forchlorfenuron, formaldehyde, formetanate,
formothion, formparanate, fosamine, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminium, fosmethilan,
fospirate, fosthiazate, fosthietan, fuberidazole, fufenozide, fuphenthiourea,
furalaxyl, furalaxyl-M, furametpyr, furathiocarb, furconazole, furconazole-cis,
20 furfural, furilazole, furmecyclox, furyloxyfen, gliftor, gliotoxin, glufosinate,
glufosinate-ammonium, glufosinate-P, glutaraldehyde, glyodin, glyphosate
trimesium, glyphosate, isopropylamine salt, glyphosate, potassium salt,
glyphosate, glyphosine, griseofulvin, guazatine, halacrinate, halauxifen methyl,
halauxifen, halofenozide, halosafen, halosulfuron-methyl, haloxydine,
25 haloxyfop, haloxyfop-etotyl, haloxyfop-P, haloxyfop-P-methyl, heptafluthrin,
heptamaloxyloglucan, heptenophos, heptopargil, heterophos, hexachlorophene,
hexaconazole, hexaflurate, hexazinone, hexylthiofos, hexythiazox, huanjunzuo,
hydrogen peroxide, hydroprene, hymexazol, hyquincarb, icaridin, imazalil,
imazamethabenz, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr,
30 imazaquin, imazethapyr, imazosulfuron, imibenconazole, imicyafos,
imidacloprid, iminoctadine triacetate, iminoctadine tris(albesilate), iminoctadine,
27
imiprothrin, inabenfide, indanofan, indaziflam, indoxacarb, inezin,
iodobonil, iodofenphos, iodomethane, iodosulfuron, iodosulfuron-methylsodium,
iofensulfuron sodium, iofensulfuron, ioxynil lithium, ioxynil sodium,
ioxynil sodium, ioxynil, ipconazole, ipfencarbazone, iprobenfos, iprodione,
iprovalicarb, IPSP, iron 5 sulphate, isamidofos, isazofos, isocarbamide,
isocarbophos, isocil, isofenphos, isofenphos-methyl, isofetamid, isolan,
isomethiozin, isonoruron, isopamphos, isopolinate, isoprocarb, isopropalin,
isoprothiolane, isoproturon, isopyrazam, isopyrimol, isothioate, isotianil,
isouron, isoval, isoxaben, isoxachlortole, isoxaflutole, isoxapyrifop, izopamfos,
10 kaolin, karbutilate, kelevan, kinoprene, kresoxim-methyl, lactofen, lenacil,
leptophos, lime sulphur, limestone, lindane, linuron, lithium perfluorooctane
sulfonate, lythidathion, magnesium phosphide, malathion, maleic hydrazide,
malonoben, mancopper, mancozeb, mandestrobin, mandipropamid, maneb,
mazidox, MCPA, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB, m-cumenyl methyl carbamate,
15 mebenil, mecarbam, mecarbinzid, mecarphon, mecoprop, mecoprop-P,
medetomidine, medinoterb acetate, medinoterb, mefenacet, mefluidide,
menadione, menazon, mepanipyrim, mephosfolan, mepiquat chloride,
mepiquat, mepronil, meptyldinocap, mercuric oxide, mercurous chloride,
merphos, mesosulfuron, mesosulfuron-methyl, mesotrione, mesulfenfos,
20 metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, metaldehyde, metamifop, metamitron, metampotassium,
metam-sodium, metazachlor, metazosulfuron, metazoxolon,
metconazole, metepa, methabenzthiazuron, methacrifos, methamidophos,
methasulfocarb, methazole, methfuroxam, methidathion, methiocarb,
methiopyrsulfuron, methiotepa, methiozolin, methiuron, methocrotophos,
25 methomyl, methoprene, methoprotryne, methoxychlor, methoxyfenozide,
methoxyphenone, methyl isothiocyanate, methyl(((1-(5-(2-chloro-4-
(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-2-nitrophenyl)-2-
methoxyethylidene)amino)oxy)acetate (fucaomi), methylarsenic sulphide,
methylarsonic acid, methyldymron, methylene bisthiocyanate, metiram,
30 metobenzuron, metobromuron, metofluthrin, metolachlor, metolcarb,
metominostrobin, metosulam, metoxuron, metrafenone, metribuzin,
28
metsulfovax, metsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, mevinphos, mexacarbate,
mipafox, molinate, momfluorothrin, monalide, monocrotophos, monolinuron,
monosodium methylarsonate, monosulfuron, monosulfuron-methyl, monuron,
morfamquat dichloride, morfamquat, morphothion, mucochloric anhydride,
myclobutanil, myclozolin, N 5 -(3-chloro-2, 6-dimethylphenyl)-2-methoxy-N-
(tetrahydr-2-oxo-3-furanyl)acetamide, nabam, naled, Nanosilver pesticide,
naphthalene, naphthalic anhydride, naproanilide, napropamide, napropamide-
M, naptalam, neburon, nickel bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate), niclosamide,
nicosulfuron, nitenpyram, nithiazine, nitralin, nitrapyrin, nitrilacarb, nitrofen,
10 nitrothal isopropyl, N-methylneodecanamide, N-nitrosodimethylamine,
norbormide, norflurazon, nornicotine, noruron, noviflumuron, nuarimol, O, Odimethyl
alpha-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetoxy)ethylphosphonate, octhilinone,
ofurace, omethoate, orbencarb, orthosulfamuron, orysastrobin, oryzalin,
oxabetrinil, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxadixyl, oxamyl, oxapyrazon,
15 oxapyrazon-dimolamine, oxapyrazon-sodium, oxasulfuron, oxathiapiprolin,
oxaziclomefone, oxolinic acid, oxpoconazole fumarate, oxycarboxin,
oxydemeton-methyl, oxydeprofos, oxydisulfoton, oxyfluorfen, paclobutrazol,
paraffin oil (C11-C30) [4c], paraffin oil (C15-C30) [4b], paraffin oil [3 Not
NEU], paraquat dichloride, paraquat, parathion, parathion-methyl, pebulate,
20 penconazole, pencycuron, pendimethalin, penflufen, penoxsulam,
pentachlorophenol, pentanochlor, penthiopyrad, pentoxazone, perfluidone,
permethrin, peroxyacetic acid, pethoxamid, phenisopham, phenmedipham,
phenthoate, phenyl mercuric acetate, phenylmercury nitrate, phorate,
phosacetim, phosalone, phosametine, phosdiphen, phosfolan, phosfolan,
25 phosmet, phosnichlor, phosphamidon, phosphine, phoxim, phthalide,
picarbutrazox, picloram, picloram-dimethylammonium, picloram-trolamine,
picoxystrobin, pindone, pinoxaden, piperalin, piperophos, piproctanyl
bromide, piproctanyl, pirimicarb, pirimiphos-ethyl, pirimiphos-methyl,
plifenate, polybutene, potassium bicarbonate, potassium iodide, potassium
30 phosphonates, potassium thiocyanate, prallethrin, pretilachlor, primisulfuron
methyl, primisulfuron, prochloraz, procymidone, profenofos, profluazol,
29
profluralin, profluthrin, profoxydim, proglinazine ethyl, proglinazine,
prohexadione, prohexadione-calcium, promacyl, promecarb, prometon,
prometryn, propachlor, propamocarb hydrochloride, propamocarb, propanil,
propaphos, propaquizafop, propargite, propazine, propham, propiconazole,
5 propineb, propionic acid, propisochlor, propoxur, propoxycarbazone,
propoxycarbazone-sodium, propyrisulfuron, propyzamide, proquinazid,
prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, prothidathion, prothiocarb, prothioconazole,
prothoate, protrifenbute, proximpham, prynachlor, pymetrozine, pyracarbolid,
pyraclofos, pyraclonil, pyraclostrobin, pyraflufen, pyramat, pyrametostrobin,
10 pyraoxystrobin, pyrazophos, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyrazoxyfen, pyribambenzisopropyl,
pyribambenz-propyl, pyribenzoxim, pyridafenthion, pyridafol,
pyridafol-O-methyl, pyridate, pyrifenox, pyrifluquinazon, pyriftalid,
pyrimethanil, pyriminobac-methyl, pyriminostrobin, pyrimisulfan, pyriofenone,
pyriproxyfen, pyrisoxazole, pyrithiobac-sodium, pyroquilone, pyroxasulfone,
15 pyroxsulam, QRD-460, quartz sand, quinalphos, quinclorac, quincloracdimethylammonium,
quinmerac, quinoclamine, quinonamid, quinothion,
quintiofos, quintozene, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-tefuryl,
rimsulfuron, saflufenacil, schradan, sebuthylazine, secbumeton, sedaxane,
sethoxydim, siduron, silica, silthiofam, silver sodium thiosulphate, silver
20 thiosulphate, simazine, simeconazole, simetryn, sintofen, S-methoprene, Smetolachlor,
sodium 5-nitroguaiacolate, sodium aluminium silicate, sodium
arsenite, sodium carbonate, sodium chlorate, sodium chloride, hydrogen
carbonate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium o-nitrophenolate, sodium pnitrophenolate,
sodium tetraborate pentahydrate, spinetoram, spiromesifen,
25 spirotetramat, spiroxamine, strobane, sulcotrione, sulfallate, sulfentrazone,
sulfluramid, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, sulfotep, sulfoxaflor, sulfuryl
fluoride, sulphur, sulphuric acid, sulprofos, TCA-sodium, tebuconazole,
tebufenozide, tebufenpyrad, tebufloquin, tebupirimfos, tebutam, tebuthiuron,
tecloftalam, tecnazene, tefluthrin, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tepraloxydim,
30 terallethrin, terbacil, terbuchlor, terbufos, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn,
tetcyclacis, tetrachlorvinphos, tetraconazole, tetraethyl pyrophosphate,
30
tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, thenylchlor, thiabendazole, thiacloprid,
thiamethoxam, thiapronil, thiazafluron, thiazopyr, thicyofen, thidiazimin,
thidiazuron, thiencarbazone-methyl, thifensulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl,
thifluzamide, thiobencarb, thiocarboxime, thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate,
thiocyclam, thiodicarb, 5 thiofanox, thiometon, thionazin, thiophanate-methyl,
thiosultap, thiosultap-disodium, thiosultap-monosodium, thiourea, thiram,
tiadinil, tiafenacil, tiocarbazil, tioxazafen, tolclofos-methyl, tolfenpyrad,
tolylfluanid, topramezone, tralkoxydim, tralocythrin, transpermethrin,
triadimefon, triadimenol, tri-allate, triamiphos, triapenthenol, triarathene,
10 triasulfuron, triazamate, triazophos, triazoxide, tribenuron, tribenuron-methyl,
tribufos, tributyltin oxide, trichlamide, trichlorfon, trichloronate, triclopyr butotyl,
triclopyr triethylammonium, triclopyr, triclopyricarb, tricyclazole, tridemorph,
tridiphane, trietazine, trifenofos, trifloxystrobin, trifloxysulfuron, trifloxysulfuronsodium,
triflumezopyrim, triflumizole, triflumuron, triflumezopyrim,
15 triflumizole, trifluralin, triflusulfuron, triflusulfuron-methyl, trifopsime, triforine,
trimethacarb, trinexapac-ethyl, trioxymethylene, triprene, triticonazole,
tritosulfuron, uniconazole, urea sulphate, urea, valifenalate, valinomycin,
vamidothion, verbutin, vernolate, vinclozolin, warfarin, XMC, xylachlor,
xylylcarb, zarilamid, zinc borate, zinc oxide, zineb, ziram, zoxamide or salts or
20 mixtures thereof.
According to another embodiment, the agrochemical active is a pesticidal active
including but are not limited to one or more of class of actives selected from,
neonicotinoid insecticides, oxyphenoxy acid esters, cyclohexanedione oxime
25 herbicides the sulfonyl ureas and the cloquintocet herbicide safeners, the HPPDinhibiting
herbicides, phenylpyrazoles, nereistoxin analogue insecticides,and
organophosphate insecticides.
31
According to an embodiment, the first agrochemical active ingredient is
preferably selected from one or more of Acequinocyl, acrolein, alachlor,
alloxydim, alpha-endosulfan, aminocarb, amitraz, anilazine, azamethiphos,
azinphos-ethyl, barban, benfuracarb, benomyl, bensultap, bifenazate,
bromomethane, bromoxynil hep 5 tanoate, bromoxynil octanoate, butoxycarboxim,
captan, carbaryl
Carbetamide, carbosulfan, carfentrazone-ethyl, cartap, cartap hydrochloride,
chinomethionat, cinidon-ethyl, clodinafop-propargyl, Clofentezine, cyflumetofen,
cymoxanil, dazomet, desmedipham, dichlofluanid, dichlorvos, dicofol, Dithianon,
10 edifenphos, endosulfan, ethephon, ethiofencarb, famoxadone, fenchlorazole-ethyl,
enobucarb, fentin acetate, ferbam, flazasulfuron, fluazinam, flumiclorac-pentyl ,
flumioxazin, Fluoroglycofen, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, folpet, formetanate,
formothion, halosulfuron-methyl, haloxyfop-etotyl, heptachlor, heptenophos,
hydramethylnon, ioxynil octanoate, iprodione, Isoxaflutole, malathion,
15 mancozeb, maneb, metam-sodium, methamidophos, metiram, mevinphos,
Mexacarbate, naled, naptalam, nitrapyrin, ofurace, omethoate, oxamyl,
oxasulfuron, oxycarboxin, Phenmedipham, phorate, phosdiphen, phosmet,
phoxim, pinoxaden, piperalin, propineb, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyridate, quizalofopethyl,
quizalofop-P-tefuryl, rimsulfuron, spirotetramat, sulfotep, sulfuryl fluoride,
20 temephos, terbufos, tetraethyl pyrophosphate, thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate,
thiocyclam, thiram, tolylfluanid, transfluthrin, triazamate, tribenuron-methyl,
trichlorfon, triclopyr, trifloxysulfuron-sodium, triforine, valifenalate, vinclozolin,
zineb, ziram and zoxamide.
25 According to another embodiment, the first agrochemical active ingredient is
preferably selected from one or more of Acequinocyl, acrolein, alachlor, amitraz,
barban, benfuracarb, benomyl, bensultap, bifenazate, captan, carbosulfan, cartap,
cartap hydrochloride, chinomethionat, cinidon-ethyl, clodinafop-propargyl,
clofentezine, cyflumetofen, cymoxanil, dazomet, desmedipham, dichlorvos,
30 dicofol, dithianon, ethephon, famoxadone, fentin acetate, ferbam, fluazinam,
flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, folpet, formetanate, Formothion, haloxyfop32
etotyl, heptachlor, iprodione, isoxaflutole, mancozeb, maneb, metam-sodium,
methamidophos, metiram, mexacarbate, naled, naptalam, ofurace, phenmedipham,
Phorate, pinoxaden, phosmet, propineb, pyridate, quizalofop-ethyl, sulfuryl
fluoride, tetraethyl pyrophosphate, Thiocyclam, thiram, tolylfluanid, transfluthrin,
triazamate, 5 trichlorfon, triforine, vinclozolin and ziram.
According to another embodiment, the first agrochemical active ingredient is
preferably selected from one or more of Alachlor, amitraz, barban, benomyl,
bensultap, bifenazate, captan, carbosulfan, cartap, cartap hydrochloride,
10 cyflumetofen, Dazomet, desmedipham, dithianon, fentin acetate, flumicloracpentyl,
flumioxazin, folpet, formothion, heptachlor, isoxaflutole, maneb, metiram,
naled, ofurace, phenmedipham, Phosmet, pinoxaden, sulfuryl fluoride, tetraethyl
pyrophosphate and ziram.
15 According to yet another embodiment, the agrochemical active can be any one of
cartap, cartap hydrochloride, pinoxaden.
According to another embodiment, the second agrochemical active is fipronil.
According to an embodiment, the first or second agrochemical active is present in
20 a concentration range of at least 0.01% by by weight of the total composition.
According to an embodiment, the agrochemical active is present in a
concentration range of at least 1% by by weight of the total composition.
According to an embodiment, the agrochemical active is present in a
concentration range of at least 5 % by weight of the total composition. According
25 to an embodiment, the agrochemical active is present in a concentration range of
at least 10 % by weight of the total composition. According to an embodiment, the
agrochemical active is present in a concentration range of at least 20 % by weight
of the total composition. According to an embodiment, the agrochemical active is
present in a concentration range of at least 30% by weight of the total
33
composition. According to an embodiment, the agrochemical active is present in a
concentration range of at least 40% by weight of the total composition. According
to an embodiment, the agrochemical active is present in a concentration range of
at least 50 % by weight of the total composition. According to an embodiment, the
agrochemical active is present in 5 a concentration range of at least 60% by weight
of the total composition. According to an embodiment, the agrochemical active is
present in a concentration range of at least 70% by weight of the total
composition. According to an embodiment, the agrochemical active is present in a
concentration range of at least 80% by weight of the total composition. According
10 to an embodiment, the agrochemical active is present in a concentration range of
at least 90% by weight of the total composition.
According to another embodiment, the agrochemical granules are selected from
water dispersible granules, fine granules; microgranules; soluble granules,
Emulsifiable granules, dispersible granules, broadcast granules, disintegrable
15 granules or extruded granules. According to yet another embodiment, the
agrochemical granules are preferably broadcast granules, disintegrable granules or
extruded granules.
According to an embodiment the granular composition includes granules which
arepolygonal, spherical, oval, or any polyhedral granules, without affecting the
20 superior properties observed. According to an embodiment, the agricultural
granules are substantially spherical.
According to an embodiment, the granular composition is in a size range of 0.1
mm to 6 mm. According to another embodiment, the granular composition is in
25 the size range of 0.1 mm to 3 mm. According to yet another embodiment, the
granular composition is in the size range of 0.1 mm to 2 mm. According to a still
further embodiment, the granular composition is in the size range of 0.1 mm to 1
mm.
34
According to an embodiment, the granules formed have a particle size in the range
of 0.1 micron to 100 microns. According to an embodiment, the granules formed
have a particle size in the range of 0.1 micron to 60 microns. According to an
embodiment, the granules formed have a particle size in the range of 0.1 micron to
30 microns. According 5 to an embodiment, the granules formed have a particle
size in the range of 0.1 micron to 20 microns.
According to another embodiment, the granular composition of the invention
exhibits a reduced bulk density compared to known compositions, which
10 facilitates faster disintegration of the granules and also prevents settling of the
composition in water. The granular composition also exhibited an improved
hardness and attrition resistance as compared to known pellets or granules.
The granular composition surprisingly possesses good hardness. According to an
15 embodiment, the hardness exhibited by the the granular composition is at least 1
Newton.
According to an embodiment, the granular composition has a hardness of at least
3 Newtons.According to an embodiment, the granular composition has a hardness
of at least 5 Newtons. According to another embodiment, the granular
20 composition has a hardness of at least 10 Newtons. According to another
embodiment, the granular composition has a hardness of at least 20 Newtons.
According to another embodiment, the granular composition has a hardness of at
least 30 Newtons.
According to another embodiment, the granular composition has a hardness of at
25 least 40 Newtons. According to another embodiment, the granular composition
has a hardness of at least 60 Newtons. The hardness exhibited by the granules is
estimated by hardness testers such as the ones provided by Shimadzu, Brinell
Hardness (AKB-3000 Model), Mecmesin, Agilent, Vinsyst, Ametek and
Rockwell.
30
35
According to an embodiment, the granular composition has a disintegration time
of less than 30 minutes. According to an embodiment, the granular composition
has a disintegration time of less than 20 minutes. According to an embodiment,
the granular composition has a disintegration time of less tha 10 minutes.
According to an embodiment, the 5 granular composition has a disintegration time
of less than 5 minutes. According to an embodiment, the granular composition has
a disintegration time of less than 3 minutes. According to an embodiment, the
granular composition has a disintegration time of less than 2 minutes. According
to an embodiment, the granular composition has a disintegration time of less than
10 1 minute. According to an embodiment, the granular composition has a
disintegration time of less than 30 seconds. The disintegration time is estimated
by disintegration testing equipments such as the ones provided by Electrolab
Edutec, Arentek and Shimadzu.
15
According to yet another embodiment, at least 99% of the granular composition
disintegrates in less than 30 minutes. According to yet another embodiment, at
least 50% of the granular composition disintegrates in less than 20 minutes.
According to yet another embodiment, at least 30% of the granular composition
20 disintegrates in less than 10 minutes. According to yet another embodiment, at
least 20% of the granular composition disintegrates in less than 5 minutes.
According to yet another embodiment, at least 10% of the granular composition
disintegrates in less than 3 minutes. According to yet another embodiment, at least
5% of the granular composition disintegrates in less than 1 minute. According to
25 a still further embodiment, at least 2% of the granular composition disintegrates in
less than 30 seconds.
According to an embodiment, the bulk density of the granular composition is less
than 1.5 gms/ml. According to an embodiment, the bulk density of the granular
30 composition is preferably less than 1.2 gms/ml. According to another
embodiment, the bulk density of the granular composition is preferably less than
36
1.0 g/ml. According to another embodiment, the bulk density of granular
composition is preferably less than 0.9 g/ml.
According to another embodiment, the granular composition of the invention
exhibits 5 a improved floatability compared to known granules, which facilitates
superior availability of the composition to the crops or plants, reduced leaching of
the actives. The composition exhibits reduced settling of the composition in water.
The granules composition also exhibited an improved disintegration, dispersion
and suspension as compared to known granules.
10
Floatability can be defined as the ability of the granular composition to remain on
the surface of the fluid without sinking. According to an embodiment, the
floatability of the granular composition is less than 99%. According to another
embodiment, the floatability of the granular composition is less than 90%.
15 According to an embodiment, the floatability of the granular composition is less
than 80%. According to an embodiment, the floatability of the granular
composition is less than 70%. According to an embodiment, the floatability of the
granular composition is less than 60%. According to an embodiment, the
floatability of the granular composition is less than 50%. According to an
20 embodiment, the floatability of the granular composition is less than 40%.
According to an embodiment, the floatability of the granular composition is less
than 30%. According to an embodiment, the agrochemical granular composition
has floatability less than 25%. According to an embodiment, the agrochemical
granular composition has floatability less than 15%. According to an embodiment,
25 the agrochemical granular composition has floatability less than 10%. According
to an embodiment, the agrochemical granular composition has floatability less
than 5%. According to an embodiment, the agrochemical granular composition
has floatability less than 3%. According to an embodiment, the agrochemical
granular composition has floatability less than 1%. According to an embodiment,
30 the agrochemical granular composition has floatability less than 0.5%.
37
Attrition resistance determines the resistance of a granular material to wear. The
process of determining attrition resistance involves agitating the granules, by
tumbling within a drum to simulate a fluidized bed. After a certain time has
elapsed, the material is sieved and weighed to 5 determine the amount of material
which has been reduced to below a certain size (referred to as 'fines'). According
to an embodiment, the attrition resistance of the granules is at least 30%.
According to an embodiment, the attrition resistance of the granules or pellets is at
least 40%. According to an embodiment, the attrition resistance exhibited by the
10 granules isat least 50%. According to an embodiment, the attrition resistance of
the granules is at least 60%. According to an embodiment, the attrition resistance
of the granules is at least 70%. According to another embodiment, the granules
exhibit an attrition resistance of at least 80%. According to an embodiment, the
granules exhibit an attrition resistance at least 90%. The specifics of the test are
15 defined by various standards as applicable to the purpose in question, such as
those defined by ASTM, well known to a person skilled in the art.
Dispersibility is defined as the ability of the granules to disperse upon addition to
a liquid such as water or a solvent. To determine dispersibility of the granular
20 composition as per the standard CIPAC test, MT 174, a known amount of the
granular composition was added to a defined volume of water and mixed by
stirring to form a suspension. After standing for a short period, the top nine-tenths
are drawn off and the remaining tenth dried and determined gravimetrically. The
method is virtually a shortened test of suspensibility and is appropriate for
25 establishing the ease with which the granular composition dispersed uniformly in
water. According to an embodiment, the granular composition have a
dispersibility of at least 40%. According to an embodiment, the granular
composition have a dispersibility of at least 50%. According to an embodiment,
the granular composition have a dispersibility of at least 60%. According to an
30 embodiment, the granular composition have a dispersibility of at least 70%.
According to an embodiment, the granular composition have a dispersibility of at
38
least 80%. According to an embodiment, the granular composition have a
dispersibility of at least 90%.
Suspensibility is defined as the am 5 ount of active ingredient suspended after a
given time in a column of liquid, of stated height, expressed as a percentage of the
amount of active ingredient in the original suspension. To determine
suspensibility of the granular composition (as per CIPAC MT-184), a suspension
of known concentration of the granular composition in CIPAC Standard Water
10 was prepared and placed in a prescribed measuring cylinder at a constant
temperature, and allowed to remain undisturbed for a specified time. The top
9/10ths were drawn off and the remaining 1/10th was then assayed either
chemically, gravimetrically, or by solvent extraction, and the suspensibility was
calculated.
15
According to an embodiment, the granular composition have a suspensibility of at
least 10%. According to an embodiment, the granular composition have a
suspensibility of at least 20%. According to an embodiment, the granular
composition have a suspensibility of at least 30%. According to an embodiment,
20 the granular composition have a suspensibility of at least 40%. According to an
embodiment, the granular composition have a suspensibility of at least 50%.
According to an embodiment, the granular composition has a suspensibility of at
least 60%.
According to an embodiment, the granular composition has a suspensibility of at
25 least 70%.
Wettability is the condition or the state of being wettable and can be defined as
the degree to which a solid is wetted by a liquid, measured by the force of
adhesion between the solid and liquid phases. The wettability of the granular
30 composition was measured using the Standard Cipac Test MT-53 which describes
a procedure for the determination of the time of complete wetting of wettable
39
formulations. A weighed amount of the granular composition was dropped on
water in a beaker from a specified height and the time for complete wetting was
determined. According to an embodiment, the granular composition has a
wettability of less than 30 minutes. According to another embodiment, the
granular composition has 5 a wettability of less than 20 minutes. According to
another embodiment, the granular compostion has a wettability of less than 15
minutes. According to another embodiment, the granular composition has a
wettability of less than 10 minutes. According to another embodiment, the
granular composition has a wettability of less than 5 minutes. According to
10 another embodiment, the granular composition has a wettability of less than 2
minutes. According to another embodiment, the granular composition has a
wettability of less than 1 minute. According to another embodiment, the granular
composition has a wettability of less than 30 seconds.
15
According to another embodiment, an agrochemical active is a solid active.
According to further embodiment, the agrochemical active has a melting point
greater than 350C. According to further embodiment, the agrochemical active has
a melting point greater than 400C. According to further embodiment, the
20 agrochemical active has a melting point greater than 450C. According to further
embodiment, the agrochemical active has a melting point greater than 500C.
According to an embodiment, the composition further comprises one or more of
fertilizers, a second pesticidal active, macronutrients and micronutrients or salts
25 thereof.
According to another embodiment, the fertilizer includes one or more of but not
limited to single nutrient fertilizers, multi nutrient fertilizers, micro-nutrients,
binary fertilizers, compound fertilizers, organic fertilizers, derivatives or mixtures
40
thereof. Preferably the fertilizers include, but not limited to at least one of
nitrogen fertilizer, sulphur fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer or salts,
derivatives and mixtures thereof. According to still further embodiment, the
nitrogen fertilizer can include urea, ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate,
anhydrous ammonia, 5 ammonium nitrate sulphate, Diammonium phosphate,
Nitrogen solutions, Monoammonium phosphate, Ammonium polyphosphate,
Triple superphosphate, their derivatives, oxides, salts and mixtures thereof.
According to still further embodiment, the sulphur based fertilizer can include
elemental sulphur, Ammonium thiosulfate, Calcium sulphate, Gypsum or
10 derivatives, oxides, salts and mixtures thereof.
According to another embodiment, the macronutrients include one or more of, but
not limited to carbohydrates, fats, and proteins or salts, derivatives and mixtures
therefore.
According to another embodiment, the micronutrients include one or more of but
15 not limited to Vitamins such as Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin C, Vitamin D,
Vitamin E, Vitamin K, Carotenoids, Minerals such as Boron, Calcium, Chloride,
Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Fluoride, Iodine, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese,
Molybdenum, Phosphorous, Potassium, Selenium, Sodium, Zinc and Organic
Acids such as Acetic acid, Citric acid, Lactic acid, Malic acid, Choline and
20 Taurine or salts, derivatives and mixtures therefore.
According to an embodiment, the one or more of fertilizers, a second pesticidal
active, macronutrients and micronutrients or salts thereof are in a concentration
range of 0.01% to 95% by weight ot the total composition.
According to an embodiment, the thermostable plasticizer, includes one or more
25 of surfactants, polyethers, thermoplastic materials, resins, lubricants, protective
colloids, water soluble salts, nitrogen fertilizers, water soluble polymers, water
soluble co-polymers, complexing agents, carbohydrates or derivatives and
combinations thereof.
41
According to an embodiment, the thermostable plasticizer is selected from one or
more of Polyoxyethylene oxide, Vitamin E polyethylene glycol succinate,
Macrogolglycerol Hydroxystearate, Polyethylene glycol, Polaxomer (block
copolymer of polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene), Polyoxyethylenepolyoxypropylene
block copo 5 lymer, 1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol, Poly(ethylene
)adipate, Ethylene Oxide/Propylene Oxide Block Copolymer, ethylene-vinyl
acetate copolymers, Copovidone of vinyl-pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate, polyvinyl
caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft co-polymer, Polyvinyl
alcohol (PVA)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) graft co-polymer and
10 Hydroxypropylcellulose.
According to another embodiment, the thermostable plasticizer has a melting
point less than 2500C. According to further embodiment, the thermostable
plasticizer has a melting point less than 2000C. According to further embodiment,
15 the thermostable plasticizer has a melting point less than 1500C. According to
further embodiment, the thermostable plasticizer has a melting point less than
1000C.
According to further embodiment, the thermostable plasticizer has a melting point
less than 800C. According to another embodiment, the thermostable plasticizer
20 has a melting point lower than the melting point of agrochemical active
ingredient.
According to an embodiment, the thermostable plasticizer has a molecular weight
of less than 100 gms/mol. According to an embodiment, the thermostable
plasticizer has a molecular weight of less than 500 gms/mol. According to an
25 embodiment, the thermostable plasticizer has a molecular weight of less than 1000
gms/mol. According to an embodiment, the thermostable plasticizer has a
molecular weight of less than 2000 gms/mol. According to another embodiment,
the thermostable plasticizer has a molecular weight of less than 5000 gms/mol.
According to another embodiment, the thermostable plasticizer has a molecular
42
weight of less than 10,000 gms/mol. According to another embodiment, the
thermostable plasticizer has a molecular weight of less than 15,000 gms/mol.
According to another embodiment, the thermostable plasticizer has a molecular
weight of less than 20,000 gms/mol. According to another embodiment, the
thermostable plasticizer has a molecular 5 weight of less than 30,000 gms/mol.
According to another embodiment, the thermostable plasticizer has a molecular
weight of less than 50,000 gms/mol. According to another embodiment, the
thermostable plasticizer has a molecular weight of less than 60, 000 gms/mol.
According to another embodiment, the thermostable plasticizer has a molecular
10 weight of less than 70,000 gms/mol. According to another embodiment, the
thermostable plasticizer has a molecular weight of less than 80,000 gms/mol.
According to another embodiment, the thermostable plasticizer has a molecular
weight of less than 90,000 gms/mol. According to another embodiment, the
thermostable plasticizer has a molecular weight of less than 1,00,000 gms/mol.
15 According to another embodiment, the thermostable plasticizer has a molecular
weight of less than 1,00,000 gms/mol. According to another embodiment, the
thermostable plasticizer has a molecular weight of less than 1,20,000 gms/mol.
According to another embodiment, the thermostable plasticizer has a molecular
weight of less than 1,50,000 gms/mol. According to another embodiment, the
20 thermostable plasticizer has a molecular weight of less than 2,00,000 gms/mol.
According to an embodiment, the thermostable plasticizer is water soluble. The
term “water soluble active plasticizer” includes any plasticizer which is soluble in
water. According to an embodiment, the thermostable plasticizer has a solubility
of more than 0.1 mg/liter in water at 20°C. According to an embodiment, the
25 thermostable plasticizer has a solubility of more than 0.5 mg/liter in water at
20°C. According to an embodiment, the thermostable plasticizer has a solubility
of more than 1 mg/liter in water at 20°C. According to an embodiment, the
thermostable plasticizer has a solubility of more than 1 g/liter in water at 20°C.
According to an embodiment, the thermostable plasticizer has a solubility of more
43
than 10 g/liter in water at 20°C. According to an embodiment, the thermostable
plasticizer has a solubility of more than 25 g/liter in water at 20°C.
According to another embodiment, the thermostable plasticizer is present in a
concentration range of at 5 least 0.01% by weight of the total composition.
According to another embodiment, the thermostable plasticizer is present in a
concentration range of at least 0.1% by weight of the total composition.
According to another embodiment, the thermostable plasticizer is present in a
concentration range of at least 1% by weight of the total composition. According
10 to another embodiment, the thermostable plasticizer is present in a concentration
range of at least 5% by weight of the total composition. According to another
embodiment, the thermostable plasticizer is present in a concentration range of at
least 10% by weight of the total composition. According to another embodiment,
the thermostable plasticizer is present in a concentration range of at least 20% by
15 weight of the total composition. According to another embodiment, the
thermostable plasticizer is present in a concentration range of at least 30% by
weight of the total composition. According to another embodiment, the
thermostable plasticizer is present in a concentration range of at least 40% by
weight of the total composition. According to another embodiment, the
20 thermostable plasticizer is present in a concentration range of at least 50% by
weight of the total composition. According to another embodiment, the
thermostable plasticizer is present in a concentration range of at least 60% by
weight of the total composition.
According to an embodiment, the agrochemically acceptable excipients,
25 auxillaries or additives comprise wetting agents, dispersing agents, emulsifiers,
binding agents, biocides, sticking agents, disintegrating agents, fillers, diluents,
plasticizers, spreading agents, surfactants, solvents, coating agents, pigments,
dyes, anti caking agents, thixotropic agents, anti-drift agents, colorants, buffers,
pH adjusters, adhesives, fragrances, evaporation inhibitors, fertilizers,
44
micronutrients, macro-nutrients, protective colloids, antifoam agents,
antimicrobial agents, complexing agents, neutralizing agents, odorants, viscosity
modifiers, thickeners, penetration aids, processing additives, sequestering agents,
humectants, preservatives, polyethers, lubricants, protective colloids, solvents,
coating agents, antioxidants and stabilizers or derivatives, 5 an anti-mold agent, a
bubble agent, agglomeration suppressants, wax, fats and oils, such as, for
example, carnauba wax, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol or castor oil, anti-caking
agents and mixtures thereof. Surfactants can include one or more of non-ionic
surfactants, anionic surfactants or derivatives and mixtures thereof. The
10 agrochemically acceptable excipients are commercially manufactured and
available through various companies. According to an embodiment, the
agrochemically acceptable excipients are present in a concentration range of
0.01% to 99% by weight of the total composition. According to an embodiment,
the agrochemically acceptable excipients are present in a concentration range of
15 0.01% to 80% by weight of the total composition. According to an embodiment,
the agrochemically acceptable excipients are present in a concentration range of
0.01% to 60% by weight of the total composition.
According to an embodiment the disintegrants used in the granular composition
include, but not limited to one or more of sodium, potassium bicarbonates/
20 carbonates or their mixtures or salts with acids such as citric and fumaric acid,
Polyplasdone® XL-10 crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, microcrystalline
cellulose, cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and salts of polyacrylates
of methacrylates. According to an embodiment, the dispersants are present in a
concentration range of 0.01% to 80% by weight of the total composition.
25
According to an embodiment the dispersants used in the granular composition
include, but not limited to one or more of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl
alcohol, lignin sulphonates, phenol naphthalene sulphonates, ethoxylated alkyl
phenols, ethoxylated fatty acids, alkoxylated linear alcohols, polyaromatic
45
sulfonates, sodium alkyl aryl sulfonates, glyceryl esters, maleic anhydride
copolymers, phosphate esters, condensation products of aryl sulphonic acids and
formaldehyde, condensation products of aryl sulphonic acids and urea
formaldehyde with formaldehyde condensate of naphthalene sulfonic acid,
addition 5 products of ethylene oxide and fatty acid esters, salts of addition products
of ethylene oxide and fatty acid esters, sulfonates of condensed naphthalene,
lignin derivatives, ligno sulphonates, naphthalene formaldehyde condensates,
sodium salt of isodecyl sulfosuccinic acid half ester, polycarboxylates, sodium
alkyl benzene sulfonates, sodium salts of sulfonated naphthalene, ammonium salts
10 of sulfonated naphthalene, salts of polyacrylic acids, salts of phenol sulfonic acids
and salts of naphthalene sulfonic acids, sodium and ammonium salts of maleic
anhydride cσpolymers and sodium salts of condensed phenolsulfonic acid as well
as the napthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensates or their salts, derivatives.
The dispersants are commercially manufactured and available through various
15 companies.
The dispersants that are commercially available under the trademark but are not
limited to Norlig® lid calcium lignosulfate, sodium naphthalene formaldehyde
condensate available under brands Morwet® D425 Lomar ® PW (emery 5353),
Polyfon® AF sodium modified kraft lignin, Morwet® EFW Mixture of sodium
20 alkyl naphthalene sulfonates and alkyl carboxylate. According to an embodiment,
the dispersants are present in a concentration range of 0.01% to 80% by weight of
the total composition.
According to an embodiment the wetting agents used in the granular composition
25 include, but not limited to one or more of phenol naphthalene sulphonates, alkyl
naphthalene sulfonate, sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt of
sulfonated alkylcarboxylate, polyoxyalkylated ethyl phenols, polyoxyethoxylated
fatty alcohols, alkyl sulfosuccinates, polyoxyethoxylated fatty amines, lignin
derivatives, lignosulfonates, alkane sulfonates, taurates, alkylbenzene sulfonates,
46
salts of polycarboxylic acids, salts of esters of sulfosuccinic acid,
alkylnaphthalenesulphonates, phosphate esters condensation products of
formaldehyde, phenol sulfonic acid condensates, acetylenic diols and alkyl phenol
ethoxylates, methyl oleyltaurates alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkylpolyglycol ether
sulfonates, ethoxylated silicones, alkyl e 5 ther phosphates, alkyl ether sulphates and
alkyl sulfosuccinic monoesters or salts or derivatives thereof. The wetting agents
are commercially manufactured and available through various companies. Some
of them that are available under brand names, but not limited to Petro® Ag-
Special sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, Masil® 280LP silicone surfactant,
10 Alkanol® XC Sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, Siponate® DS-10 Sodium
dodecyl benzene sulfonate, Siponate® 301-10F Sodium alkyl alpha-olefin
sulfonate, Tamol® SN Sodium naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate,
C 14 -C 19 olefin sulfonate sodium salt (eg (R) Hostapur OS.) And
Alkyldiglykoläthersulfat sodium salt (for example (R) Genapol LRO.). According
15 to an embodiment, the wetting agents are present in a concentration range of
0.01% to 80% by weight of the total composition.
According to an embodiment, illustrative examples of binding agents which are
used in the granular composition can be selected from, but not limited to at least
20 one of carbohydrates such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides
and polysaccharides; proteins; lipids; glycolipid; glycoprotein; lipoprotein; and
combinations and derivatives of these. The carbohydrate binders can include one
or more of glucose, mannose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, lactose, maltose,
xylose, arabinose, trehalose and mixtures thereof. The binding agents can also
25 include corn syrup; celluloses such as carboxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose,
hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxy-methylethylcellulose,
hydroxyethylpropylcellulose, methylhydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose;
starches such as amylose, seagel, starch acetates, starch hydroxyethyl ethers, ionic
starches, long-chain alkyl starches, dextrins, maltodextrin, corn starch, amine
30 starches, phosphates starches, and dialdehyde starches; plant starches such as corn
47
starch and potato starch; other carbohydrates such as pectin, amylopectin, xylan,
xanthan gum, glycogen, agar, alginic acid, phycocolloids, chitin, gum arabic, guar
gum, gum karaya, gum tragacanth and locust bean gum. The binding agents can
also include complex organic substances such as phenyl naphthalene sulphonate,
lignin and 5 nitrolignin; derivatives of lignin such as lignosulfonate salts
illustratively including calcium lignosulfonate and sodium lignosulfonate and
complex carbohydrate-based compositions containing organic and inorganic
ingredients such as molasses. Suitable protein binders illustratively can include
soy extract, zein, protamine, collagen, and casein. The functional binding agents
10 can also include synthetic organic polymers such as ethylene oxide polymers or
copolymers, propylene oxide copolymer, polyethylene glycols, polyethylene
oxides, polyacrylamides, polyacrylates, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyalkyl
pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylmethyl ether, polyvinyl acrylates,
hydrated inorganics such as sodium silicate, sorbitol, or urea, polylactic acid,
15 polyethoxylated fatty acids, polyethoxylated fatty alcohols and latex. However,
those skilled in the art will appreciate that it is possible to utilize different binding
agents without departing from the scope of the present invention. The binding
agents are commercially manufactured and available through various companies.
According to an embodiment, the binding agents are present in a concentration
20 range of 0.01% to 80% by weight of the total composition.
According to an embodiment, the fillers or carriers include, but not limited to one
or more of attapulgite, kaolinites, clays, montmorillonite, montromolite, bauxite,
hydrated aluminas, perlite, calcined aluminas, diatomaceous earth, chalk, fuller's
25 earth, dolomite, kiesulguhr, loess, prophyllites, talc, mirabilite, starch, lactose,
white carbon, Sericite, slaked lime, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate,
volclay, vermiculites, limestone, natural and synthetic silicates, calcium and
magnesium silicates, titanium dioxide, hydroxides, silicates, carbonates and
sulfates of calcium, magnesium, aluminum and titanium, aluminum, titanium,
48
magnesium, calcium and zinc oxide, calcium and magnesium carbonate, and
charcoal, silicas, mica, china clay, swelling and non-swelling clays, synthetic and
diatomaceous silicas, , ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium and barium
sulphate, sand, , gypsum and inorganic water-soluble salts. The fillers are
commercially manufactured and 5 available through various companies.
Commercially available Silicates are Aerosil brands, Sipemat brands as Sipernat
® 50S and CALFLO E, and aerogels Fa. Cabot, kaolin 1777, aluminosilicates,
Wessalon® 50S.
Preferred carriers include, but not limited to one or more of attapulgite, kaolinites,
10 clays, montmorillonite, montromolite, bauxite, hydrated aluminas, perlite and its
derivatives calcined aluminas, diatomaceous earth, chalk, fuller's earth, dolomite,
kiesulguhr, loess, prophyllites, talc, vermiculites, limestone, natural and synthetic
silicates, silicas, mica.
The fillers that are commercially available under the trademark but are not limited
15 to..... According to an embodiment, the fillers or carriers are present in a
concentration range of 0.01% to 90% by weight of the total composition.
According to an embodiment, filler has an oil absorption capacity of at least 30%.
According to further embodiment, the filler has an oil absorption capacity of more
than 35%. According to further embodiment, the filler has oil absorption capacity
20 of more than 50%. According to further embodiment, the filler has an oil
absorption capacity of more than 75%. According to further embodiment, the
filler has the oil absorption capacity of more than 100%. According to another
embodiment, the filler has an oil absorption capacity of up to 175%. According to
further embodiment, the filler has an oil absorption capacity of up to 160%.
25 According to further embodiment, the filler has an oil absorption capacity of up to
115%. According to an embodiment, the filler has oil absorption capacity in the
range of 30% to 175%.
49
According to an embodiment, the composition optionally include anti-caking
agents such as Foammaster® Soap L sodium stearate, Brij® 700 polyoxyethylene
(100) stearyl ether, Aerosol® OT-B sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, Silwet® L-77
silicone-polyether copolymer, sodium and ammonium phosphates, sodium
acetate, sodium metasilicate, magnesium, 5 zinc and calcium sulfates, magnesium
hydroxide, anhydrous calcium chloride, molecular sieves, sodium
alkylsulfosuccinates, calcium and barium oxides, sodium carbonate or
bicarbonate.
According to an embodiment, the emulsifiers or surfactants include one or more
10 of ionic, non-ionic and amphoteric surfactants. The ionic surfactants include one
or more of, but not limited to carboxylates, alkyl carboxylates, fatty acid salts,
fluoro carboxylate, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, sulfonates, alkyl benzene
sulfonates, alpha olefin sulphonates, aromatic hydrocarbon sulphonates,
naphthalene sulfonate salts, fatty alcohol sulphates, mono-alkyl sulphosuccinates,
15 alkyl sulphosuccinamates, naphthalene sulphonates, sulfonate docusates,
phosphate esters, alkyl aryl ether phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, quaternary
ammonium salts, quaternised amine ethoxylates. The non-ionic surfactants
include one or more of, but not limited to polyol esters, polyol fatty acid esters,
polyethoxylated esters, polyethoxylated alcohols, block copolymers of
20 polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, poloxamers, polysorbates, alkyl
polysaccharides such as alkyl polyglycosides and blends thereof, amine
ethoxylates, sorbitan fatty acid ester , glycol and glycerol esters , glucosidyl
alkyl ethers, sorbitan alkyl esters, sodium tallowate, polyoxyethylene glycol
sorbitan alkyl esters, sorbitan derivatives, fatty acid esters of sorbitan (Spans)
25 and their ethoxylated derivatives (Tweens), and sucrose esters of fatty acids. More
particularly the nonionic emulsifier include one or more of, but not limited to
polyethylene glycol, glyceryl laureate, lauryl glucoside,
nonylphenolpolyethoxyethanols, nonyl phenol polyglycol ether ,castor oil
ethoxylate, polyglycol ethers, polyadducts of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide,
30 block copolymer of polyalkylene glycol ether and hydroxystearic acid, ethylene
50
oxide propylene oxide block copolymer, tributylphenoxypolyethoxy ethanol,
octylphenoxypolyethoxy ethanol, etho-propoxylatedtristyrlphenols, ethoxylated
alcohols, polyoxy ethylene sorbitan, a sorbitan fatty acid ester, a glycerin fatty
acid ester, a fatty acid polyglyceride, a fatty acid alcohol polyglycol ether,
acetylene glycol, a 5 cetylene alcohol, an oxyalkylene block polymer, a
polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, a polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ether, a polyoxyethylene
styrylaryl ether, a polyoxyethylene glycol alkyl ether, polyethylene glycol, a
polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, a polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, a
polyoxyethylene glycerin fatty acid ester, a polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor
10 oil or a polyoxypropylene fatty acid ester; and mixtures thereof.
The anionic surfactants include one or more of, but not limited to a salt of fatty
acid, a benzoate, a polycarboxylate, a salt of alkylsulfuric acid ester, an alkyl
sulfate, an alkylaryl sulfate, an alkyl diglycol ether sulfate, a salt of alcohol
15 sulfuric acid ester, an alkyl sulfonate, an alkylaryl sulfonate, an aryl sulfonate, a
lignin sulfonate, an alkyldiphenylether disulfonate, a polystyrene sulfonate, a salt
of alkylphosphoric acid ester, an alkylaryl phosphate, a styrylaryl phosphate, a salt
of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfuric acid ester, a polyoxyethylene alkylaryl
ether sulfate, a salt of polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ether sulfuric acid ester, a
20 polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate, a salt of polyoxyethylene alkylaryl
phosphoric acid ester, a salt of polyoxyethylene aryl ether phosphoric acid ester, a
naphthalene sulfonic acid condensed with formaldehyde or a salt of
alkylnaphthalene sulfonic acid condensed with formaldehyde and mixtures
thereof.
25
Non-ionic emulsifiers or surfactant that are commercially available under the
trademark but are not limited to Atlas G5000 and TERMUL 5429,TERMUL
2510, ECOTERIC® , EULSOGEN® 118,Genapol®X , Genapol®OX -080 ,
Genapol® C 100, Emulsogen ® EL 200, Arlacel P135, Hypermer 8261,
51
Hypermer B239, Hypermer B261, Hypermer B246sf, Solutol HS 15,Promulgen™
D,Soprophor 7961P, Soprophor TSP/461, Soprophor TSP/724, Croduret 40,
Etocas 200, Etocas 29, Rokacet R26 ,CHEMONIC OE-20, Triton™ N-101,Tween
20,40,60,65,80, Span20,40,60,80,83,85,120, Brij®, Triton™ can also be used.
Amphoteric surfactants can include 5 one or more of betaine, imidazolines, alkyl
amphoacetates and proprionates, alkyl Ampho(di)acetates, and diproprionates,
lecithin. According to an embodiment, the surfactants or emulsifiers are present
in a concentration range of 0.01% to 90% by weight of the total composition.
According to an embodiment, the antioxidants can be selected from, but not
10 limited to one or more of amino acids (e.g. glycine, histidine, tyrosine,
tryptophan) and derivatives thereof, imidazole and imidazole derivatives (e.g.
urocanic acid), peptides, such as, D,L-carnosine, D-carnosine, L-carnosine and
derivatives thereof (e.g. anserine), caro- tenoids, carotenes (e.g. α-carotene, β-
carotene, lycopene) and derivatives thereof, lipoic acid and derivatives thereof
15 (e.g. dihydrolipoic acid), aurothioglucose, propylthiouracil and further thio
compounds (e.g. thioglycerol, thiosorbitol, thioglycolic acid, thioredoxin,
glutathione, cysteine, cystine, cystamine and the glycosyl, N-acetyl, methyl, ethyl,
propyl, amyl, butyl, lauryl, palmitoyl, oleyl, γ-linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl
esters thereof), and salts thereof, dilauryl thiodipropionate, distearyl
20 thiodipropion- ate, thiodipropionic acid and derivatives thereof (esters, ethers,
peptides, lipids, nucleotides, nucleosides and salts), and sulfoximine compounds
(e.g. buthionine sulfoximi- nes, homocysteine sulfoximine, buthionine sulfones,
penta-, hexa-, heptathionine sul- foximine) in very low tolerated doses (e.g.
pmol/kg to pmol/kg), also metal chelating agents (e.g. α-hydroxy fatty acids,
25 EDTA, EGTA, phytic acid, lactoferrin), α-hydroxy acids (e.g. citric acid, lactic
acid, malic acid), humic acids, bile acid, bile extracts, gallic esters (e.g. propyl,
octyl and dodecyl gallate), flavonoids, catechins, bilirubin, biliverdin and
derivatives thereof, unsaturated fatty acids and derivatives thereof (e.g. γ-linolenic
acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, oleic acid), folic acid and derivatives thereof,
30 hy- droquinone and derivatives thereof (e.g. arbutin), ubiquinone and ubiquinol,
52
and derivatives thereof, vitamin C and derivatives thereof (e.g. ascorbyl palmitate,
stearate, di- palmitate, acetate, Mg ascorbyl phosphates, sodium and magnesium
ascorbate, diso- dium ascorbyl phosphate and sulfate, potassium ascorbyl
tocopheryl phosphate, chito- san ascorbate), isoascorbic acid and derivatives
5 thereof, tocopherols and derivatives thereof (e.g. tocopheryl acetate, linoleate,
oleate and succinate, tocophereth-5, toco- phereth-10, tocophereth-12,
tocophereth-18, tocophereth-50, tocophersolan), vitamin A and derivatives (e.g.
vitamin A palmitate), the coniferyl benzoate of benzoin resin, rutin, rutinic acid
and derivatives thereof, disodium rutinyl disulfate, cinnamic acid and deriva- tives
10 thereof (e.g. ferulic acid, ethyl ferulate, caffeeic acid), kojic acid, chitosan glycolate
and salicylate, butylhydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisol, nordihydroguaiacic
acid, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, trihydroxybutyrophenone, uric acid and
derivatives thereof, mannose and derivatives thereof, selenium and selenium
derivatives (e.g. selenomethionine), stilbenes and stilbene derivatives (e.g.
15 stilbene oxide, trans-stilbene oxide). According to the invention, suitable
derivatives (salts, esters, sugars, nucleotides, nucleosides, peptides and lipids) and
mixtures of these specified active ingredients or plant extracts (e.g. teatree oil,
rosemary extract and rosemarinic acid) which comprise these antioxidants can be
used. The antioxidants are commercially manufactured and available through
20 various companies.
According to an embodiment, the antioxidants are present in a concentration range
of 0.01% to 60% by weight of the total composition.
According to an embodiment, the composition can also comprise a pH adjuster or
buffer or neutralizing agent. The pH buffer or neutralizing agent can include both
25 acids and bases of organic or inorganic origin. According to an embodiment, the
pH buffer or neutralizing agent include but are not limited to organic acids,
inorganice acids and alkali metal compounds or salts. The organic acids can
include, but not limited to one or more of citric, malic, adipic, cinnamic, fumaric,
maleic, succinic and tartaric acid or salts or derivatives thereof, and the mono-, di30
or tribasic salts of these acids or derivatives thereof. Suitable salts of these acids
53
can be the soluble or meltable salts and include those salts in which one or more
acidic protons are replaced with a cation such as sodium, potassium, calcium ,
magnesiu, and ammonium and mixtures thereof. Alkali metal compounds can
include hydroxides of alkali metals such as sodium hydroxide and potassium
hydroxide, carbonates of al 5 kali metals such as sodium carbonate, magnesium
carbonates and potassium carbonate, hydrogen carbonates of alkali metals such as
sodium hydrogencarbonate and alkali metal phosphates such as sodium phosphate
and mixtures thereof. According to an embodiment, the salts of inorganic acids
include, but are not limited to one or more of alkali metal salts such as lithium
10 chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, lithium nitrate, sodium nitrate,
potassium nitrate, lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate , potassium sulfate, sodium
monohydrogen phosphate, potassium monohydrogen phosphate, sodium
dihydrogen phohsphate potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the like; alkaline
earth metal salts such as magnesium choliride, calcium chloride, ammonium
15 sulphate, ammonium monohydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen
phosphate and the like.
According to another embodiment, the invention further relates to the process of
preparing a stable granular composition. The process involves mixing and
blending at least one agrochemical active ingredient wherein the agrochemical
20 active comprises at least one of a water soluble active ingredient or a water
sensitive active ingredient; with at least one thermostable polymer to obtain a
mixture. To the mixture, premilled fillers and surfactants are blended. The entire
mixture of the active, plasticizer, filler and surfactants, disintegrants, are then
heated in an oil bath at a temperature appropriate for melting the thermostable
25 polymer or plasticizer. The melted mixture was then extruded through a medium
pressure extruder to give the the stable agrochemical granular composition; such
that the granular composition has a wettability of less than 20 minutes.
The process conditions need to be carefully managed so as to give a final granular
product, which has the desired properties of disintegration time, wettability,
54
dispersibility and floatability. A person skilled in the art, can, using the right
amount of pressure during extrusion, provide the desired composition.
EXAMPLES:
5
PREPARATION EXAMPLES:
The following examples illustrate the basic methodology and versatility of the
composition of the invention.
1. Granular Composition containing 6% Cartap hydrochloride
10
Table 1:
Constituent Amount (gms) Percentage
Cartap hydrochloride 65 6.5%
Citric Acid 22 2.2%
PEG 4000 200 20%
Filler
includingdolomite,
kiesulguhr, Perlite
and Witconate™
(Sodium alkyl aryl
sulfonate)
713 71.3%
65 parts by weight of Cartaphydrochloride was further mixed thoroughly with 22
parts by wet of citric acid to obtain a mixture A. To this mixture 713 parts by
15 weight of filler including dolomite, kiesulguhr, perlite and Witconate™ (Sodium
alkyl aryl sulfonate) was added and mixed thoroughly. Further 200 parts by
weight of PEG 4000 was added. The mixture was then heated and extruded and
cooled to obtain a granular composition of 6.5% Cartap hydrochloride.
20
55
Composition
details
Wettabi
lity
(Secs)
Disinteg
ration
time
(Secs)
Floatabi
lity %
Decomp
osition
of
active
under
ATS
%
Hard
ness
(N)
Granule
Size
(mm)
Attrit
ion
resist
ance
(%)
Bulk
Densit
y
(gms/
ml)
Cartap
hydrochlorid
e 6% GR as
per the
embodiment
of the
present
invention
12 secs 25 secs 10-15% 2.3% 5N 0.1 mm
to 2 mm
22%
1.00
Sulphur
75%+Cartap
Hydrochlorid
e 6% GR as
per the
embodiment
of the
present
invention
20 secs 32 secs
10-12% 3.1% 4.5N 0.1 mm
to 2 mm
20% 0.98
Sulphur 50%
+ Cartap
Hydrochlorid
e 7.5%WP as
per the
embodiment
of
251/MUM/2
011
42 secs N.A. 35% 7 N.A. N.A.
5% 0.65
4% Cartap
Granules as
per the
embodiment
of
EP1882414
application
75 secs 120-180
sec
45% 28 1.5 N 4 mm to
8 mm
8% 0.78
6% Cartap
Granules as
per the
70 secs 105
secs
40% 23% 2.2N 4 mm to
6 mm
7.5% 0.61
56
2. Granular Composition containing 4% Cartap hydrochloride and 72.5%
Sulphur
Table 2:
Constituent Amount (gms) Percentage
Cartap hydrochloride 45 4.5 %
Sulphur 765 76.5 %
Citric Acid 20 2%
PEG 4000 100 10%
Rhodamine B 3 0.3%
Filler including Clay,
Mica, Perlite and
Witconate™
(Sodium alkyl aryl
sulfonate)
67 6.7%
5
765 parts by weight of Sulphur Active ingredient and 67 parts by weight of Delta
filler including dolomite, kiesulguhr, perlite and Witconate™ (Sodium alkyl aryl
sulfonate) were mixed thoroughly to obtain a mixture A. 45 parts by weight of
Cartap hydrochloride was further mixed with 20 parts by wet of citric acid to
embodiment
of
EP2460408
application
8% Cartap
Granules as
per the
embodiment
of
US6703350
100
secs
215
secs
80% 18% 3.1N 0.1 mm
to 10
mm
10% 0.72
Sulphur 90
% WG as per
IN282429
50 secs 120
secs
N.A. 8% N.A. 0.1mm
to 2.5
mm
N.A.
57
obtain a mixture B. Mixture A and Mixture B were then combined together and to
this combination 100 parts by weight of PEG 4000 was added. The mixture was
then heated and extruded and cooled to obtain a granular composition of 76.5% of
sulphur and 4.5% Cartap hydrochloride.
5
COMPARISON OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:
BIOEFFICACY RESULTS:
10 Example 1: Bioefficacy of Cartap hydrochloride granules as per the embodiment
of the present invention:
The field trials were carried out in the Hissar district of Haryana state in India on
rice, to evaluate the effectiveness of Cartap hydrochloride granules prepared as
per the embodiment of the present invention as well as Sulphur plus Cartap
15 hydrochloride granules as per the embodiment of the present invention. The
experiments were also conducted using Sulphur 90% WG standalone and Cartap
hydrochloride 4% Granules standalone used as standards for comparison as well
as an untreated control. The treatments also included compositions of Sulphur
70% + Cartap Hydrochloride 4% WP prepared as per the embodiment of
20 251/MUM/2011. The treatments also included compositions as per the
embodiments of EP1882414, EP2460408 and US6703350B which disclose
granular compositions of Cartap.
The treatments were carried out following the randomized block design and
keeping all the agronomic practices uniform for all the treatments. The treatments
25 were imposed as and when a significant number of stem borer (Scirpophaga
incertulas Walker) population per leaf were observed. All the agronomic practices
were adopted as per recommendations.
58
The larvae of Scirpophaga incertulas Walker cause dead hearts during vegetative
stage and white ear heads during reproductive stage. A rice plant can compensate
if dead heart infestation does not exceed 10 per cent, however, the white ear loss
is irrepairable. The observation of % white ear head infestation as well as 5 plant
damage 5 due to leaf minor was taken. The table 1A and 1B represents the
observations with respect to white ear head infestation and leaf minor
respectively.
The treatments were carried out by broadcasting the compositions twice the on
30th and the 60th days after rice transplantation. To avoid intermixing of
10 treatments about 20 to 30 cm thick false bund boundaries were prepared all
around plots having the treatments of granular insecticides. Both the applications
and their efficacy were evaluated.
The treatments applied were as indicated in the table below:
Table 1A: Efficacy with respect to white ear head
Trea
tme
nts
Compositions Active
ingredient
(grams/hectare
)
Formulation
dosage in
gm/ha
White ear head (%)
50 DAT
(%)
75 DAT
(%)
1. Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR as per the
embodiment of the present invention
600 15000 5.6 5.4
2. Cartap hydrochloride 6 % GR as per the
embodiment of the present invention
900 15000 4.8 4.3
3. Sulphur 75%+Cartap Hydrochloride 4%
GR as per the embodiment of the
present invention
7500+400 10000 3.3 3.9
59
Note: DAT- Days after Transplanting
It was noted that superior efficacy was obtained with respect to control of white
ear head with the application of both Treatements 1 and 2 with 4% Cartap
hydrochloride granules and 6% Cartap hydrochloride granules with compositions
as per the embodiment of 5 the present invention, applied at significantly reduced
dosages of application as compared to Treatments 6 and 7 with Cartap 4%, Cartap
6% and Cartap 8% granules prepared as per the embodiments of EP1882414, EP
2460408 and US6703350 and applied at significantly higher dosages of
application.
4. Sulphur 75%+Cartap Hydrochloride 6%
GR as per the embodiment of the
present invention
7500+600
10000 2.7 2.4
5. Sulphur 50% + Cartap Hydrochloride
7.5%WP as per the embodiment of
251/MUM/2011
10000+1500 20000 5.4 5.6
6. 4% Cartap Granules as per the
embodiment of EP1882414 application
1000 25000 9.1 8.9
7. 6% Cartap Granules as per the
embodiment of EP2460408 application
1200 25000 8.4 8.6
8. 8% Cartap Granules as per the
embodiment of US6703350
1000 20000 9.5 9.1
9. Sulphur 90 % WG 6750 7500 10.2 10.9
10. Cartap Hydrochloride 4% Granules
(available commercially)
750 18750 8.4 8.1
11. Untreated check ---- ---- 13.3 13.6
60
Further Sulphur 75% + Cartap Hydrochloride 4% GR at 7500+400 g.a.i. per
hectare (Treatment 3) and Sulphur 75% + Cartap Hydrochloride 6% GR at
7500+600 g.a.i. per hectare (Treatment 4 )provided better control over the white
ear head infestation at 75 days after transplanting in comparison to Treatment 5
with Sulphur 50% + 5 Cartap Hydrochloride 7.5% GR at 10000+1500 g.a.i. per
hectare as per the embodiment of 251/MUM/2010 and as compared to treatments
8 and 9 with standalone applications of sulphur and Cartap at much higher
dosages as compared to Treatment 3 and 4.
Table 1B: Efficacy with respect to leaf minor
Trea
tme
nts
Compositions Active
ingredient
(grams/hectare
)
Formulat
ion
dosage in
gm/ha
Plant damage due to Leaf
folder (%)
15DA
T
30DAT 55DAT
1. Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR as per
the embodiment of the present
600 15000 8.1 6.0 3.1
2. Cartap hydrochloride 6 % GR as per
the embodiment of the present
900 15000 7.8 5.7 2.8
3. Sulphur 75%+Cartap Hydrochloride
4% GR as per the embodiment of the
present invention
7500+400 10000 7.5 3.1 0.0
4. Sulphur 75%+Cartap Hydrochloride
6% GR as per the embodiment of the
present invention
7500+600
10000 6.9 2.5 0.0
5. Sulphur 50% + Cartap Hydrochloride
7.5%WP as per the embodiment of
251/MUM/2011
10000+1500
20000 8.9 7.6 4.8
6. 4% Cartap Granules as per the
embodiment of EP1882414
application
1000 25000 10.5 8.1 7.7
61
Note: DAT- Days after Transplanting
As it can be observed from table 1B the control of the plant damage caused due to
leaf minor was superior for treatment 1 (with 4% Cartap hydrochloride granules);
treatment 2 (with 6% Cartap hydrochloride granules); treatment 3 (with Sulphur
75%+Ca 5 rtap Hydrochloride 4% granules) and treatment 4 (with Sulphur
75%+Cartap Hydrochloride 6% granules) which are with the compositions
prepared as per the embodiment of the present invention, applied at significantly
reduced dosages of application as compared to stand alone treatments with
sulphur (treatment 9) and cartap (treatment 10) as well as compared to treatments
10 6, 7 and 8 with Cartap 4%, Cartap 6% and Cartap 8% granules prepared as per the
embodiments of EP1882414, EP 2460408 and US6703350 and applied at
significantly higher dosages of application.
Apart from controlling the larvae of Scirpophaga pests and leaf minor the
combined product of sulphur + Cartap Hydrochloride in varying concentrations as
15 per the present invention also displayed a valuable impact on the physiological
factors like improved foliage (greenness) in rice and an increase in the number of
tillers, contributing to higher yield.
Below is a tabular presentation of the yield indicating the number of tillers at 60
DAT (days after transplanting)
7. 6% Cartap Granules as per the
embodiment of EP2460408
application
1200 25000 9.8 7.6 5.4
8. 8% Cartap Granules as per the
embodiment of US6703350
1000 20000 9.7 7.8 5.8
9. Sulphur 90 % WG 6750 7500 16.4 15.5 12.7
10. Cartap Hyrochloride 4% Granules
(available commercially)
750 18750 10.6 7.5 6.9
11. Untreated check ---- ---- 18.5 15.7 13.2
62
Table1B:
Treatment Composition Active ingredient
(grams/hectare)
Number of tillers
(Mean of
randomly selected
5 plants)
1 Sulphur 75%+ Cartap
Hydrochloride 4% GR
as per the embodiment
of the present
invention
7500+400 7.12
2 Sulphur 75%+ Cartap
Hydrochloride 6% GR
as per the embodiment
of the present
invention
7500+600
7.21
3
Sulphur 50% + Cartap
Hydrochloride
7.5%WP as per the
embodiment of
251/MUM/2011
10000+1500
6.5
5 Sulphur 90 % WG 6750
5.27
6 Cartap Hydrochloride
4% Granules
750
4.78
63
The maximum numbers of tillers were observed with the application of Treatment
2 with Sulphur 75% + Cartap Hydrochloride 6%GR at 7500 + 600 g.a.i. per
hectare . The application of Treatment 1 with Sulphur 75% + cartap hydrochloride
4%GR at 7500 + 400 g.a.i. per hectare also showed a significant increase in the
5 number of tillers observed.
The crops also exhibited enhanced chlorophyll content due to the application of
sulphur in combination with cartap hydrochloride in varying concentrations.
The above composition in practice serves the purpose of simultaneously managing
the damage caused by stem borer and leaf folder and the need of sulphur fertilizer
10 required in the initial stages of plant growth, thereby rendering the composition
more economical and beneficial to the end-users when compared to the individual
application of Cartap hydrochloride or Sulphur.
The above composition also restricts the undue loading of a carrier such as sand
which is present upto the extent of 90% in standalone Cartap hydrochloride
15 composition which is actually a waste.
Thus, it can be concluded that the water dispersible granular compositions,
according to the embodiments of the invention show significantly enhanced
bioefficacy, as compared to conventional formulations and other prior art water
dispersible granule formulations, even at reduced dosages of application with an
20 effect sustained over a longer duration of time.
From the foregoing, it will be observed that numerous modifications and
variations can be effectuated without departing from the true spirit and scope of
the novel concepts of the present invention. It is to be understood that no
limitation with respect to the specific embodiments illustrated is intended or
25 should be inferred.
64
Claims
I Claim:
1. A stable agrochemical granular composition comprising:
i. at least one first agrochemical active ingredient, wherein the first
agrochemical active comprises 5 at least one of a water soluble active
ingredient or a water sensitive active ingredient;
ii. at least one thermostable plasticizer wherein the plasticizer has a
melting point greater than 20°C and less than 150°C;
iii. at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient;
10 wherein the granular composition has a wettability of less than 20
minutes.
2. The stable agrochemical granular composition of Claim 1, wherein the
granular composition has a floatability of less than 99%.
15
3. The stable agrochemical granular composition of Claim 1, wherein the
granular composition has a floatability of less than 99% over a time period
of 10 minutes.
20 4. The stable agrochemical granular composition of Claim 1, wherein the
granular composition has a disintegration time of less than 30 minutes.
5. The stable agrochemical granular composition of Claim 1, wherein the
composition has a bulk density of less than 1.5 gms/ml.
25
6. The stable agricultural granular composition of claim 1, wherein the
composition has an attrition resistance of at least 20%.
7. The stable agrochemical granular composition of claim 1, wherein the
30 water soluble active ingredient has solubility in water of more than 0.1 mg
per liter of water.
65
8. The stable agrochemical granular composition of claim 1, wherein the
decomposition of the active comprised in the granular composition is less
than 20% under accelerated storage conditions.
5
9. The stable agrochemical granular composition of claim 1, wherein the
thermostable plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of one or
more of surfactants, polyethers, thermoplastic materials, resins, lubricants,
protective colloids, water soluble salts, water soluble polymers, nitrogen
10 fertilizers, water soluble co-polymers, block polymers, polyethers,
complexing agents, carbohydrates or derivatives.
10. The stable agrochemical granular composition of claim 1, wherein the
thermostable plasticizer is selected from one or more of Polyoxyethylene
15 oxide, Vitamin E polyethylene glycol succinate, Macrogolglycerol
Hydroxystearate, Polyethylene glycol, Polaxomer (block copolymer of
polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene), Polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene
block copolymer, 1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol, Poly(ethylene )adipate,
Ethylene Oxide/Propylene Oxide Block Copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate
20 copolymers, Copovidone of vinyl-pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate, polyvinyl
caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft co-polymer,
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) graft co-polymer and
Hydroxypropylcellulose.
25 11. The stable agrochemical granular composition of claim 1, wherein the first
agrochemical active ingredient is selected from one or more of
insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, plant growth regulators, nematicides,
acaricides, insect growth regulators, safeners, weedicides or other
miscellaneous pesticidal actives.
30
66
12. The stable agrochemical granular composition of claim 1, wherein the first
agrochemical active ingredient is selected from one or more of
neonicotinoid insecticides, the oxyphenoxy acid esters, cyclohexanedione
oxime herbicides, sulfonyl urea compounds, cloquintocet herbicide
safeners, the HPPD-inhibit 5 ing herbicides, phenylpyrazoles, nereistoxin
analogue insecticides, and organophosphate insecticides.
13. The stable agrochemical granular composition of claim 1, wherein the first
agrochemical active ingredient is one or more of cartap hydrochloride,
10 cartap, and pinoxaden.
14. The stable agrochemical granular composition of claim 1, wherein the
second agrochemical active ingredient is fipronil.
15 15. The stable agrochemical granular composition of claim 1, wherein the
composition further comprises one or more of fertilizers, second pesticidal
active ingredient, macronutrients and micronutrients.
16. The use of the agrochemical granular composition of claim 1, wherein the
20 composition is at least one of a fertilizer composition, a nutrient
composition, crop protection composition, pesticicidal composition, a
plant strengthener composition, a soil conditioner composition and a yield
enhancer composition.
25 17. A process of preparing a stable granular composition, the process
comprising:
a. mixing and blending at least one agrochemical active ingredient
wherein the agrochemical active comprises at least one of a water
soluble active ingredient or a water sensitive active ingredient; with at
30 least one thermostable polymer to obtain a mixture;
b. heating and cooling the mixture to arrive at the stable agrochemical
granular composition;
67
wherein the granular composition has a wettability of less than 20
minutes.
18. The process of Claim 26, wherein the mixing and blending step further
includes adding one 5 or more of agrochemical excipient to the mixture.
19. A method of protection of crop or improving its health or yield, the
method comprising treating at least one of a plant, crop, a plant
propagation material, a seed, seedling or surrounding soil with a stable
10 granular composition comprising:
i. at least one agrochemical active ingredient, wherein the
agrochemical active comprises one or more of a water
soluble active ingredient or a water sensitive active
ingredient;
15 ii. at least one thermostable plasticizer; and,
iii. at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient; wherein
the granular composition has a wettability of less than 20
minutes.