FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to a composition for the control of pests.
More particularly, the present invention relates to a stable synergistic pesticidal
composition for the management of sucking pests 5 of rice, method of its
preparation and method of its application.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
10 Pests can have adverse and damaging impacts on agricultural production by
affecting crops and food production. In addition, pests can have detrimental effect
on environment and human health. In order to control pests of plant, various
pesticides or combination of pesticides are being used by farmers.
15 In order to control sucking pests of rice crop plant, several pesticides or
combinations of pesticides have been developed and are currently in use for
example pesticides such as acephate, buprofezin, dichlorovos, ethofenprox,
imidacloprid, thiamethoxam; combination of pesticides such as deltamethrin and
buprofezin, ethiprole and imidacloprid, buprofezin and acephate etc. However,
20 such pesticides or combination of pesticides show reduced efficacy against
sucking pests of rice due to development of resistance to said pesticides or
combination of pesticides.
The pesticides or combination of pesticides can be applied in different ways for
25 example sequential application, tank-mix application and pre-mix application.
In sequential application, farmers use different pesticides, wherein the pesticide
selection is not based on the technical knowhow and pesticides having the same
mode of action are being used, which leads to resistance development. In tank30
mix application, farmers use different combinations of pesticides, most of the
times without having training to properly mix products. Homemade tank mixes
may therefore not be as stable as a pre-mix. The tank-mix usually results in nonjudicious
use of individual pesticides and end up with poor pest control. Moreover,
3
the tank mixture is less convenient and potentially hazardous to people who are
not trained to properly mix products.
The pre-mix application is a combination of two or more pesticides as active
ingredients but the rates of the active ingredients are 5 unchangeable, the
components rates and formulation are optimized during development, hence no
mixing or stability issue exists. The pre-mix application also helps in reducing the
development of pesticide resistance.
10 The sequential application and tank-mix application of pesticides, when employed
to address sucking pests of rice, result in development of pesticide resistance.
The pre-mix application being convenient to use have not been applied so far for
controlling sucking pests of rice.
15 It is therefore desired to provide an improved composition and convenient method
that is efficient against sucking pests of rice, serves as good tool for resistance
management, shows technical advancement over existing art and is of economic
significance.
20 OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
The primary object and advantage of the present invention is to provide a
pesticidal composition that shows synergistic effect against sucking pests of rice
crop plant.
25
Another object and advantage of the present invention is to provide a pesticidal
composition that efficaciously contributes in pest resistance management.
Another object and advantage of the present invention is to provide a pesticidal
30 composition that is stable.
4
Another object and advantage of the present invention is to provide a pesticidal
composition that is efficacious against wide variety of sucking pests of rice crop
plant.
Another object and advantage of the present invention is 5 to provide a stable
synergistic pesticidal composition that has economic significance.
Another object and advantage of the present invention is to provide a stable
synergistic pesticidal composition that shows technical advancement over the
10 existing pesticides or combination of pesticides.
Yet another object and advantage of the present invention is to provide a costeffective
and convenient method for the preparation of said composition, which is
effective against sucking pests of rice crop plant.
15
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a stable synergistic
pesticidal composition comprising neonicotinoid compound and pyridine
20 azomethine compound for management of a broad spectrum of sucking pests of
rice crop plant, wherein the weight percentage by composition of neonicotinoid
compound is 0.5 to 30%, the weight percentage by composition of pyridine
azomethine compound is 1 to 60%, and the weight percentage by composition of
agriculturally acceptable additives is 10 to 98.5% .
25
Further, the present invention provides a stable synergistic pesticidal composition
comprising neonicotinoid compound and pyridine azomethine compound for
management of a broad spectrum of sucking pests of rice crop plant, wherein the
weight percentage by composition of neonicotinoid compound is 1 to 25%, the
30 weight percentage by composition of pyridine azomethine compound is 3 to 55%,
and the weight percentage by composition of agriculturally acceptable additives is
20 to 96%.
5
In one of the embodiments, there is provided a stable synergistic pesticidal
composition that exhibits synergistic effect for management of sucking pest of rice
crop plant.
5
According another embodiment, there is provided a stable synergistic pesticidal
composition, which functions as a broad spectrum pesticide acting against wide
variety of rice crop plant pests such as, not being limited to, brown plant hopper
(BPH) and white backed plant hopper (WBPH).
10
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a
convenient and cost-effective method for the preparation of said stable synergistic
pesticidal composition comprising neonicotinoid compound and pyridine
azomethine compound for management of sucking pest of rice crop plant.
15
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a stable pesticidal composition comprising
neonicotinoid compound and pyridine azomethine compound for management of
sucking pests of rice crop plant. The stable pesticidal 20 composition shows
synergistic effect against sucking pests of rice crop plant.
The neonicotinoid compound is selected from such as, not being limited to,
acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and
25 thiamethoxam.
Preferably, the neonicotinoid compound is dinotefuran. Dinotefuran is a
furanicotinyl insecticide which belongs to the third generation of neonicotinoids
and has the below structure:
30
6
Neonicotinoids are a class of insecticides, which act on the nervous system of
insects with lower toxicity to mammals. Its mechanism of action involves the
disruption of the insect’s nervous system and thus paralyzing them.
The content of neonicotinoid compound in said stable 5 synergistic pesticidal
composition of the present invention is 0.5 to 30% by weight of composition. The
content of neonicotinoid compound is preferably 1 to 25% by weight of
composition.
10 Preferably, the pyridine azomethine compound is pymetrozine which has the
below structure:
Pymetrozine is the only representative of the pyridine azomethines, a novel class
15 of insecticides, highly active and specific against sucking pests such as whiteflies,
hoppers and aphids. It has a unique mode of action and can be applied as both
foliar and soil application. It has no direct toxicity against insects, but it blocks
stylet penetration of sucking pests, which may cause immediate and irreversible
cessation of feeding within few hours of application of the pesticide, followed
20 eventually by starvation and death. Even if insertion of the stylet into plant cells is
achieved, it takes considerably more time than normal, and pest can ingest sap
only for a short time. Mortality is slow and depending on the climatic conditions,
treated pests may appear normal for several days before they die from starvation.
These positive features make pymetrozine an ideal component in situations where
25 sucking pests have to be controlled and natural enemies can play a substantial
role as complementary control tools.
The content of pyridine azomethine compound in said stable synergistic pesticidal
composition of the present invention is 1 to 60% by weight of composition. The
7
content of pyridine azomethine compound is preferably 3 to 55% by weight of
composition.
The stable synergistic pesticidal composition of the present invention may further
include conventional agriculturally acceptable formulation 5 additives such as
surfactant, carrier, binder, disintegrant, pH adjuster, thickener, preservative, antifreezing
agent, defoamers and/or coloring agent.
Suitable surfactants are nonionic or anionic or a combination of these surfactants.
10 It is preferred to use more than two kinds of surfactants which have different
chemical structure. Suitable surfactants are, for example, sugar esters (such as
sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurrate), polyoxyethylene
alkyl ethers (such as polyoxyethylene lauryl ether or polyoxyethylene coconut fatty
alcohol ether), polyoxyethylene aryl ethers (such as polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl
15 ether or polyoxyethylene trystyrylphenyl ether), polyoxyethylene vegetable oil
ethers (such as polyoxyethylene castor oil), polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters
(such as polyoxyethylene monolaurate), polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block
co-polymers, polyoxyethylene alkyl amines (such as polyoxyethylene stearyl fatty
amine), alkyl sulfates (such as sodium lauryl sulfate), polyoxyethylene alkyl ether
20 sulfates (such as sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate), polyoxyethylene
aryl ether sulfates (such as sodium polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether sulfate or
ammonium polyoxyethylene tristyrylphenyl ether sulfate), alkane sulfonates (such
as sodium dodecyl sulfonate), ‘alpha’-olefin sulfonate, aryl sulfonates (such as
sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, sodium
25 ‘beta’-naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate or sodium alkyl diphenyl
ether sulfonate), alkylsulfosuccinates (such as sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate),
lignosulfonates, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene aryl ether
phosphates (such as polyoxyethylene phenyl ether phosphate) and
polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block co-polymer phosphate.
30
Suitable carriers are, for example, talc, kaolinite, pyrophyllite, montmorillonite,
attapulgite, bentonite, calcite, diatomaceous earth, synthetic minerals (such as
8
precipitated silica, fumed silica and calcium carbonate). Different types of carriers
may be used by mixture.
Suitable binders are, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, dextrin, denatured dextrin,
soluble starch, carboxymethyl cellulose 5 and bentonite.
Suitable disintegrants are, for example, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium
hexametaphosphate, carboxymethyl cellulose and bentonite.
10 Suitable pH adjusters are, for example, sodium or potassium carbonate, sodium
or potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium or potassium dihydrogenphosphate,
disodium or dipotassium hydrogenphosphate, citric acid, malic acid and
triethanolamine.
15 Suitable thickeners are, for example, xanthan gum, welan gum, guar gum,
polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose and its salt, silica and bentonite
Suitable preservatives are, for example, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid esters, 2-methyl-
4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 1,2-
20 benzisothiazolin-3-one.
Suitable anti-freezing agents are, for example, glycerin, ethylene glycol, propylene
glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol and urea.
25 Suitable defoamers are, for example, silicone compounds and organic fluorine
compounds.
Suitable coloring agents are, for example, organic dyestuffs (such as azo dye,
phthalocyanine dye or alizarin dye) and inorganic pigments (such as iron oxide).
30
The content of agriculturally acceptable additives in said stable synergistic
pesticidal composition of the present invention is 10 to 98.5% by weight of
9
composition. The content of agriculturally acceptable additives is preferably 20 to
96% by weight of composition.
The stable synergistic pesticidal composition of the present invention comprising
neonicotinoid compound and pyridine azomethine compound 5 can be formed to
several types of formulations, such as, not being limited to, soluble granule,
wettable powder, water dispersible granules and suspension concentrate.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the composition of the wettable
10 powder formulation is provided. The composition of wettable powder comprises
the neonicotinoid compound and pyridine azomethine compound as active
ingredients, surfactant and carrier. Other formulation additives such as pH
adjuster and colorant may be additionally used.
15 A method for preparing the wettable powder formulation of the present invention is
also provided. The wettable powder formulation can be prepared by mixing the
active ingredients, surfactant and carrier. Usually active ingredients, surfactant,
carrier and other formulation additives are mixed uniformly in a mixer and milled
by a mill such as an air jet mill to median diameter 5 to 50 micrometer.
20
In another embodiment of the present invention, the composition of the water
dispersible granule formulation is provided. The composition of water dispersible
granule comprises the neonicotinoid compound and pyridine azomethine
compound as active ingredients, surfactant, binder, disintegrant and carrier. Other
25 formulation additives such as pH adjuster and colorant may be additionally used.
A method for preparing the water dispersible granule formulation of the present
invention is also provided. The water dispersible granule formulation can be
prepared by mixing the active ingredients, surfactant, binder, disintegrant and
30 carrier. Usually the active ingredients, surfactant, binder, disintegrant, carrier and
other formulation additives are mixed uniformly in a mixer and milled by a mill
such as an air jet mill to median diameter 5 to 50 micrometer. The milled mixture
is kneaded by adding 2 to 10 % of water, extruded and dried. Other granulation
10
method such as spray dry may be used. In this case, the milled mixture is well
mixed with enough amount of water to get slurry.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the composition of the
suspension concentrate formulation is provided. The composition 5 of suspension
concentrate comprises the neonicotinoid compound and pyridine azomethine
compound as active ingredients, surfactant, thickener, preservative, anti-freezing
agent and water. Other formulation additives such as defoamer, pH adjuster and
colorant may be additionally used.
10
A method for preparing the suspension concentrate formulation formulation of the
present invention is also provided. The suspension concentrate formulation can
be prepared by wet milling of the active ingredients mixed with surfactant, water
and other formulation additives. Usually the active ingredients, surfactant and anti15
freezing agent are mixed by dissolving or dispersing in water. The mixture is
preliminary milled by a homogenizer such as a colloid mill and then milled by a
bead mill till median diameter reaches to 1 to 10 micrometer. Defoamer may be
used during milling. After the milling, aqueous solution of thickener containing
preservative is added.
20
It has been found that the stable pesticidal composition of the present invention
comprising neonicotinoid compound and pyridine azomethine compound shows
synergistic effect against wide variety of sucking pests of rice such, as not being
limited to, brown plant hopper (BPH) and white backed plant hopper (WBPH). In
25 this respect, the stable pesticidal composition of the present invention shows
synergistic effect when compared with the individual effect of pesticides known in
the prior art such as, not being limited to, dinotefuran, pymetrozine, buprofezin,
acephate for management of sucking pests of rice.
30 The stable synergistic pesticidal composition of the present invention controls
sucking pests of rice crop plant through premix application. The premix application
of pesticides is economical, convenient to use. Moreover, the premix application
of combination of pesticides slows down the development of pesticide resistance.
11
Further advantages of premix application are such as the rates of active
ingredients are unchangeable, the component rate and formulation are optimized
during development, no mixing or stability issue exists, at least one compound is
usually applied at a lower rate than labeled rate etc.
5
It has been found that the stable synergistic pesticidal composition of the present
invention comprising neonicotinoid compound and pyridine azomethine compound
serves as an efficacious composition for pesticide resistance management. In this
respect, the stable synergistic pesticidal composition of the present invention
effectively reduces the development of pesticide resistance, 10 when compared with
the pesticides or combination of pesticides known in the prior art such as, not
being limited to, acephate, buprofezin, imidacloprid; deltamethrin and buprofezin;
buprofezin and acephate etc. for management of sucking pests of rice.
15 It has been further found that the stable pesticidal composition of the present
invention shows synergistic effect on sucking pests of rice found in different
regions such as, not being limited to, Karnataka.
In order to more clearly describe the nature of the present invention, examples will
20 hereinafter be described. It should be understood, however, that this is done
solely by way of example, and is not intended to limit the scope of present
invention.
Example: Water dispersible granule (WG)
25
Composition of Dinotefuran 10% Pymetrozine 40 % WG
Dinotefuran Technical (purity 99.5%) 10.1% (w/w)
Pymetrozine Technical (purity 98.5%) 40.6
30 Sodium lauryl sulfate 8.0
Polyvinyl alcohol 2.0
Carboxymethyl cellulose 2.0
Calcined diatomaceous earth 8.0
12
Clay 29.3
Total 100.0% (w/w)
The active ingredients dinotefuran technical, pymetrozine technical, 5 sodium lauryl
sulfate, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, calcined diatomaceous earth
and clay are mixed and pulverized in a high speed mixer. The resulting mixture is
kneaded with water, extruded through a screen (0.8 mm diameter opening) and
dried.
10
Following test results illustrate the present invention and not intended to limit the
present invention:
Table 1: Effect of Dinotefuran + Pymetrozine 50% WG against BPH (Nilaparvata
15 lugens)
Location: Karnataka
Village: Huvinamadu
District: Davangere
20 Season: Kharif 2014
Water volume: 500 lit/ha
Tr.No. Treatments
Dose
g.a.i/ha
Mean No. of Insects/hill
BS
1
DAS
3
DAS
7
DAS
10
DAS
15
DAS
18
DAS
21
DAS
1
Dinotefuran +
Pymetrozine
50% WG
25+100 14.50 2.20 2.10 2.00 2.00 3.15 4.00 5.50
2
Dinotefuran
20% SG
40 16.20 9.00 6.80 2.30 2.00 36.00 19.10 20.20
3
Pymetrozine
50% WG
150 11.50 10.40 9.00 2.60 2.60 8.10 15.12 21.00
4
Buprofezin
25% SC
200 16.40 11.20 7.90 7.70 9.40 29.10 75.00 93.00
13
5
Acephate
75% SP
500 17.00 10.00 7.70 7.30 11.90 36.60 81.70 105.00
6
Untreated
Control
- 23.40 23.10 25.40 25.60 26.80 63.90 106.30 151.70
SEm(±) 1.12 0.90 0.91 0.87 0.95 2.74 7.94 7.92
CD(p=0.05) 3.5 2.86 2.89 2.74 3.00 8.63 25.03 24.96
Table 2: Effect of Dinotefuran + Pymetrozine 50% WG against WBPH (Sogatella
furcifera)
5 Location: Karnataka
Village: Huvinamadu
District: Davangere
Season: Kharif 2014
Water volume: 500 lit/ha
10
Tr.
No.
Treatments Dose
g.a.i/ha
Mean No. of Insects//hill
BS
1
DA
S
3
DA
S
7
DA
S
10
DA
S
15
DA
S
18
DA
S
21
DA
S
1
Dinotefuran +
Pymetrozine
50% WG
25+100 22.50 12.40 6.10 1.90 3.10 3.90 4.10 4.60
2
Dinotefuran
20% SG
40 23.90 20.90 8.90 9.10 8.90 11.30 12.20 13.30
3
Pymetrozine
50% WG
150 21.70 19.00 9.20 8.90 9.50 12.60 12.00 14.10
4
Buprofezin 25%
SC
200 24.50 19.50 20.00 21.60 23.10 26.40 27.20 29.80
5
Acephate 75%
SP
500 26.70 21.60 18.10 21.60 22.60 24.50 25.50 30.50
6
Untreated
Control
- 29.50 30.40 26.20 40.80 37.90 76.70 75.50 81.50
SEm(±) 1.50 1.45 1.11 1.32 1.22 2.45 2.40 2.63
CD(p=0.05) 4.73 4.57 3.49 4.18 3.85 7.73 7.57 8.31
14
The above test results are in the form of example and to maintain brevity. There
can and are many more test results that can be provided.
In all the test results described above, following specific terminologies are used:
5
The abbreviation BPH refers to Brown Plant Hopper
The abbreviation WBPH refers to White Backed Plant Hopper
The abbreviation SG refers to Soluble Granule
The abbreviation WG refers to a Water dispersible granule
The abbreviation BS refers 10 to Before Spraying
The abbreviation DAS refers to Days after spraying
From the test results shown above, it is evident that there is an unexpected and
surprising result i.e. the synergistic effect of the pesticidal composition comprising
15 neonicotinoid compound (dinotefuran) and pyridine azomethine compound
(pymetrozine) in the management of sucking pests of rice. As, it can be seen that
by using the stable synergistic pesticidal composition of the present invention, the
mean number of insects/hill becomes significantly less as compared to the
independent use of other insecticides such as dinotefuran, pymetrozine,
20 acephate, buprofezin.
The data provided is also indicative of the increased efficacy of the invention over
the existing art, for example significant increase (around 85 percent) in the
percentage mortality of the pests has been observed before spraying and three
25 days after spraying of said stable synergistic pesticidal composition of the present
invention. None of the individual pesticides known in the prior art shows such
advancement and efficacy. Hence, it can be seen that the present invention
shows significant advancement over the existing knowledge.
30 From the foregoing description, it will be apparent to one ordinarily skilled in the
art that many changes and modifications can be made thereto without departing
from the spirit or scope of the invention as set forth herein. Accordingly, it is not
intended that the scope of the foregoing description be limited to the description
15
set forth above, but rather that such description be construed as encompassing all
of the features that reside in the present invention, including all the features and
embodiments that would be treated as equivalents thereof by those skilled in the
relevant art.

WE CLAIM:
1. A stable synergistic pesticidal composition comprising neonicotinoid
compound and pyridine azomethine compound for management 5 of a broad
spectrum of sucking pests of rice crop plant, wherein the weight percentage
by composition of neonicotinoid compound is 0.5 to 30%, the weight
percentage by composition of pyridine azomethine compound is 1 to 60%,
and the weight percentage by composition of agriculturally acceptable
10 additives is 10 to 98.5%.
2. The stable synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the neonicotinoid compound is selected from, not being limited to,
acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid
15 and thiamethoxam.
3. The stable synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the neonicotinoid compound is dinotefuran.
20 4. The stable synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the pyridine azomethine compound is pymetrozine.
5. The stable synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein
agriculturally acceptable additives are selected from, not being limited to,
25 carrier, solvent, emulsifier, dispersant, wetting agent, binder, stabilizer, pH
adjuster, and/or coloring agent.
6. The stable synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein
said composition can be formed to several types of formulations, such as,
30 not being limited to, soluble granule, wettable powder, water dispersible
granules and suspension concentrate.
7. A stable synergistic pesticidal composition comprising neonicotinoid
compound and pyridine azomethine compound for management of a broad
17
spectrum of sucking pests of rice crop plant, wherein the weight percentage
by composition of neonicotinoid compound is 1 to 25%, the weight
percentage by composition of pyridine azomethine compound is 3 to 55%,
and the weight percentage by composition of agriculturally acceptable
5 additives is 20 to 96%.
8. A method of pre-mix application of the stable synergistic pesticidal
composition as claimed in claim 1 for management of sucking pests of rice.
10 9. A method for preparation of the suspension concentrate formulation of the
stable synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 comprising
the steps of:
(a) mixing the active ingredients, surfactant and anti-freezing agent by
15 dissolving or dispersing in water;
(b) wet milling of the mixture using a defoamer further comprising
preliminary milling by a homogenizer such as a colloid mill and then
milling by a bead mill till median diameter reaches to 1 to 10
micrometer; and
20 (c) adding aqueous solution of thickener containing preservative to milled
mixture.
10. A method for preparation of the wettable powder formulation of the stable
synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 comprising the
25 steps of :
(a) mixing the active ingredients, surfactant, carrier and other formulation
additives uniformly in a mixer; and
(b) milling by a mill such as an air jet mill to median diameter 5 to 50
micrometer.
30
11. A method for preparation of the water dispersible granule formulation of
the stable synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1
comprising the steps of:
18
(a) mixing the active ingredients, surfactant, binder, disintegrants, carrier
and other formulation additives uniformly in a mixer;
(b) milling the mixture by a mill such as an air jet mill to median diameter 5
to 50 micrometer;
(c) kneading the mixture by adding 2 to 5 10 % of water; and
(d) extruding and drying the mixture.