The present invention relates to a steel sheet and a method for manufacturing the same.
This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-000672 filed in Japan on January 07, 2019, and the contents thereof are incorporated herein by reference.
Background technology
[0002]
In recent years, in order to protect the global environment, it has been required to improve the fuel efficiency of automobiles. With regard to improving the fuel efficiency of automobiles, steel sheets for automobiles are required to have higher strength in order to reduce the weight of the vehicle body while ensuring safety. The demand for higher strength is increasing not only for members and pillars, which are structural members, but also for outer panel parts (roofs, hoods, fenders, doors, etc.) of automobiles. In response to such demands, materials have been developed for the purpose of achieving both strength and elongation (formability).
[0003]
On the other hand, the modeling of automobile outer panel parts tends to become more and more complicated. If the steel sheet is made stronger and thinner in order to reduce the weight, unevenness is likely to occur on the surface of the steel sheet when it is formed into a complicated shape. If the surface becomes uneven, the appearance after molding is deteriorated. Since the design and surface quality of the outer panel parts are important as well as the characteristics such as strength, it is required to have an excellent appearance after molding. The unevenness generated after molding described here is unevenness generated on the surface of molded parts by molding even if there is no unevenness on the surface of the steel sheet after manufacturing, and even if the formability of the steel sheet is improved, the occurrence is not necessarily suppressed. This was not a major issue in applying high-strength steel sheets to the outer panels of automobiles.
[0004]
Regarding the relationship between the appearance after molding and the material properties of the steel sheet applied to the outer panel, for example, in Patent Document 1, in order to improve the surface texture after the overhanging process, from the {001} surface parallel to the surface of the steel sheet. A ferrite-based thin steel sheet in which the area fraction of a crystal having a crystal orientation within ± 15 ° is 0.25 or less and the average particle size of the crystal is 25 μm or less is disclosed.
However, Patent Document 1 relates to a ferritic thin steel sheet having a C content of 0.0060% or less. In order to increase the strength of the steel sheet, it is effective to increase the C content and make the structure a double-phase structure consisting of ferrite and a hard phase. When the C content is increased in order to obtain the crystal, it is not possible to reduce the area fraction of the crystal having a crystal orientation within ± 15 ° from the {001} plane parallel to the steel plate surface as described in Patent Document 1. It turned out. That is, the method of Patent Document 1 cannot simultaneously achieve high strength and improvement of surface texture after processing (suppression of occurrence of unevenness).
[0005]
For example, Patent Document 2 discloses a double-phase structure steel having a ferrite and a second phase, and describes that it is effective to lower the yield point as a countermeasure against surface strain during molding. However, Patent Document 2 does not disclose the relationship between the appearance after molding and the structure from the viewpoint of measures against surface roughness and patterns.
[0006]
That is, conventionally, a high-strength double-phase structure steel having improved surface roughness and pattern defects after molding has not been proposed.
Prior art literature
Patent documents
[0007]
Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-156079
Patent Document 2: International Publication No. 2013/0464676
Outline of the invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
[0008]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems. An object of the present invention is to provide a high-strength steel plate in which the occurrence of surface irregularities during molding is suppressed and a method for producing the same.
Means to solve problems
[0009]
The present inventors examined a method for solving the above problems. In particular, we focused on the relationship between the surface unevenness of the manufactured steel sheet and the microstructure and aggregate structure of the steel sheet on the surface unevenness after molding. Ii) Surface unevenness after molding occurs due to non-uniform deformation in the range from the surface of the steel sheet to the position of 20 μm in the plate thickness direction, iii) The cause of non-uniform deformation is the non-uniformity of the hard structure. We found that it was caused by dispersal and the development of specific aggregates.
Further, as a result of further studies by the present inventors, it is preferable to use DP steel composed of ferrite and the second phase in order to achieve both strength and formability, and the range is 0 to 20 μm in the plate thickness direction from the surface. In the metal structure of the surface layer region, the fraction of the second phase, the average particle size of the second phase, and the aggregate structure of the ferrite phase are made to have a different metal structure from the inside of the steel sheet, so that the strength is ensured and the molding time is performed. It has been found that a steel plate having an excellent appearance (surface quality) after molding can be obtained by suppressing the occurrence of surface irregularities.
[0010]
In addition, as a result of the study by the present inventors, in order to control the metallographic structure of the surface layer region, strain is applied not after cold spreading but after hot spreading, and the subsequent cold spreading rate and heat treatment are applied according to the amount of processing. We found that it was effective to set the conditions.
[0011]
The present invention has been made based on the above findings, and the gist thereof is as follows.
(1) The steel sheet according to one aspect of the present invention has a chemical composition of% by mass, C: 0.020% or more, 0.090% or less, Si: 0.200% or less, Mn: 0.45% or more. , 2.10% or less, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.020% or less, sol. Al: 0.50% or less, N: 0.0100% or less, B: 0 to 0.0050%, Mo: 0 to 0.40%, Ti: 0 to 0.10%, Nb: 0 to 0.10 %, Cr: 0 to 0.55%, Ni: 0 to 0.25%, the balance is composed of Fe and impurities, and the surface layer is in the range from the surface to the position of 20 μm in the plate thickness direction from the surface. The metal structure of the region is composed of ferrite and a second phase having a volume fraction of 0.01 to 5.0%, and is located at a position of more than 20 μm in the plate thickness direction from the surface to the plate thickness direction from the surface. The metal structure of the internal region, which is in the range up to 1/4 of the plate thickness, is composed of ferrite and the second phase having a volume fraction of 2.0 to 10.0%, and the second phase of the surface layer region. The volume fraction of the phase is smaller than the volume fraction of the second phase in the internal region, and the average crystal grain size of the second phase in the surface layer region is 0.01 to 4.0 μm. A texture in which the X ODF {001} / {111}, which is the intensity ratio between the {001} orientation and the {111} orientation of the ferrite, is 0.60 or more and less than 2.00 is included.
(2) In the steel sheet according to (1) above, the average crystal grain size of the second phase in the internal region is 1.0 μm or more and 5.0 μm or less, and the second phase in the surface layer region. It may be larger than the average crystal grain size.
(3) The steel sheet according to (1) or (2) above has a cross section perpendicular to the rolling direction of the steel sheet, and is 100 μm in the plate width direction and 100 μm in the plate thickness direction from the surface in the range of 0 to 50 μm. The average number density of the second phase per observation field of 50 μm in the thickness direction is 130 or less, and the minimum number density of the second phase per observation field is the average number density of the second phase. It may be 20 or more.
(4) The steel plate according to any one of (1) to (3) above has a chemical composition of B: 0.0001% or more, 0.0050% or less, Mo: 0.001% or more in mass%. , 0.40% or less, Ti: 0.001% or more, 0.10% or less, Nb: 0.001% or more, 0.10% or less, Cr: 0.001% or more, 0.55% or less, and , Ni: 0.001% or more, 0.25% or less, any one or more may be contained.
(5) In the steel sheet according to any one of (1) to (4) above, the second phase in the surface layer region may consist of one or more of martensite, bainite, and tempered martensite. ..
(6) The steel sheet according to any one of (1) to (5) above may have a plating layer on the surface thereof.
(7) The steel sheet according to any one of (1) to (6) above may have a tensile strength of 400 MPa or more.
(8) The method for producing a steel plate according to another aspect of the present invention includes a heating step of heating a steel piece having the chemical composition described in (1) to 1000 ° C. or higher, and a rolling end temperature of 950 for the steel piece. An absolute value of σ s, which is the residual stress on the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet after the hot-rolling step of hot-rolling the hot-rolled steel sheet so as to be ℃ or less and the hot-rolled steel sheet after the hot-rolling step, is 150 MPa or more. The hot-rolled steel sheet is cold-rolled so that the cumulative reduction rate is 70 to 90%, and the hot-rolled steel sheet is subjected to a stress-applying step of applying stress so as to be 350 MPa and the hot-rolled steel sheet after the stress-applied step. In the cold rolling step of obtaining After heating, the annealing step of performing annealing at the soaking temperature T1 ° C. for 30 to 150 seconds and the cold-rolled steel sheet after the annealing step have an average cooling rate of 1.0 from T1 ° C. to 650 ° C. A cooling step of cooling to 550 to 650 ° C. so as to be ~ 10.0 ° C./sec and then cooling to 200 to 490 ° C. so as to have an average cooling rate of 5.0 to 50.0 ° C./sec. Be prepared.
1275-27 x ln (σ s) -4.5 x R CR ≤ T1 ≤ 1275-27 x ln (σ s) -4 x R CR ... (i)
(9) In the method for manufacturing a steel sheet according to (8) above, the stress applying step may be performed at 40 to 500 ° C.
(10) In the method for manufacturing a steel sheet according to (8) or (9) above, the finish rolling start temperature may be 900 ° C. or lower in the hot rolling step.
(11) The method for manufacturing a steel sheet according to any one of (8) to (10) is a holding step of holding the cold-rolled steel sheet after the cooling step in a temperature range of 200 to 490 ° C. for 30 to 600 seconds. May be further provided.
The invention's effect
[0012]
Compared with the conventional material, the steel sheet of the above aspect of the present invention suppresses the occurrence of surface irregularities even after various deformations caused by press deformation. Therefore, the steel sheet of the above aspect of the present invention is excellent in the beauty of the surface, and can contribute to the improvement of the sharpness and the design of the coating. In addition, the steel sheet of the present invention has high strength and can contribute to further weight reduction of automobiles. In the present invention, high strength means having a tensile strength of 400 MPa or more.
Further, according to the method for manufacturing a steel sheet according to the above aspect of the present invention, it is possible to manufacture a high-strength steel sheet in which the occurrence of surface irregularities is suppressed even after various deformations caused by press deformation.
A brief description of the drawing
[0013]
[Fig. 1] Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the effect of texture parameters on the surface quality after molding. In FIG. 1, the plot of (1) is an example of a range in which the second phase fraction of the surface layer is not preferable.
Embodiment for carrying out the invention
[0014]
The steel sheet according to the embodiment of the present invention (the steel sheet according to the present embodiment) has a chemical composition of% by mass, C: 0.020% or more, 0.090% or less, Si: 0.200% or less, Mn. : 0.45% or more, 2.10% or less, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.020% or less, sol. Al: 0.50% or less, N: 0.0100% or less, optionally B: 0.0050% or less, Mo: 0.40% or less, Ti: 0.10% or less, Nb: 0.10 % Or less, Cr: 0.55% or less, Ni: 0.25% or less, and the balance is composed of Fe and impurities.
Further, in the steel plate according to the present embodiment, the metal structure of the surface layer region in the range from the surface to the position of 20 μm in the plate thickness direction from the surface is ferrite and the volume fraction is 0.01 to 5.0%. The metal structure of the internal region, which is composed of the second phase and ranges from the position of more than 20 μm in the plate thickness direction from the surface to the position of 1/4 of the plate thickness in the plate thickness direction from the surface, is ferrite. , The volume fraction is 2.0 to 10.0%, and the volume fraction of the second phase in the surface layer region is smaller than the volume fraction of the second phase in the internal region. ..
Further, in the steel sheet according to the present embodiment, the average crystal grain size of the second phase is 0.01 to 4.0 μm in the surface layer region, and the {001} orientation and the {111} orientation of the ferrite Includes textures in which the intensity ratio of X ODF {001} / {111} is 0.60 or more and less than 2.00.
In the steel sheet according to the present embodiment, the average crystal grain size of the second phase in the internal region is 1.0 μm or more and 5.0 μm or less, and the average crystal grain size of the second phase in the surface layer region is higher than the average crystal grain size. Is also preferable. In addition, the cross section perpendicular to the rolling direction of the steel sheet and the plate width in the range of 0 to 50 μm from the surface in the plate thickness direction. The average number density of the second phase per observation field of view of 100 μm in the direction × 50 μm in the plate thickness direction is 130 or less, and the minimum number density of the second phase per observation field of view of 100 μm × 50 μm is the second. The average number density of the phases is preferably -20 or more.
[0015]
Hereinafter, the steel sheet according to this embodiment will be described in detail.
[0016]

First, the reason for limiting the chemical composition of the steel sheet according to this embodiment will be described.
[C: 0.020% or more, 0.090% or less]
C (carbon) is an element that enhances the strength of the steel sheet and is an essential element for ensuring the volume fraction of the second phase. The C content is 0.020% or more in order to secure a predetermined second phase volume fraction. It is preferably 0.030% or more.
On the other hand, when the C content exceeds 0.090%, the number of hard phase (second phase) particles increases, and the hard phase becomes easy to connect. Since the portions other than the connected hard phase are deformed at the time of molding, if the particles of the hard phase are unevenly dispersed, pattern defects on the surface after molding are likely to occur. Further, when the C content exceeds 0.090%, the cold rolling load when cold rolling is performed at a high pressure lowering rate increases, the productivity decreases, and the formability and weldability of the steel sheet deteriorate. Therefore, the C content is set to 0.090% or less. Preferably, the C content is 0.070% or less, more preferably 0.060% or less.
[0017]
[Si: 0.200% or less]
Si (silicon) is a deoxidizing element for steel and is an effective element for increasing the mechanical strength of steel sheets. However, when the Si content exceeds 0.200%, the scale peelability at the time of production is lowered, and surface defects are likely to occur in the product. In addition, the cold rolling load when cold rolling is performed at a high pressure reduction rate increases, and productivity decreases. Further, the weldability and the deformability of the steel sheet are reduced. Therefore, the Si content is set to 0.200% or less. Preferably, the Si content is 0.150% or less, more preferably 0.100% or less.
[0018]
[Mn: 0.45% or more, 2.10% or less]
Mn (manganese) is an element effective in increasing the mechanical strength of steel sheets. Mn is also an element that prevents cracking during hot rolling by fixing S (sulfur) in steel as MnS or the like. In order to obtain these effects, the Mn content is set to 0.45% or more.
On the other hand, when the Mn content exceeds 2.10%, the cold rolling load when cold rolling is performed at a high pressure reduction rate increases, and the productivity decreases. In addition, since Mn segregation is likely to occur, the hard phase is likely to aggregate after annealing and pattern defects on the surface after molding are likely to occur. Therefore, the Mn content is set to 2.10% or less. It is preferably 2.00% or less.
[0019]
[P: 0.030% or less]
P (phosphorus) is an impurity. If P is excessively contained in the steel, cracking during hot rolling or cold rolling is promoted, and the ductility and weldability of the steel sheet are deteriorated. Therefore, the P content is limited to 0.030% or less. Preferably, the P content is limited to 0.020% or less. Since it is preferable that the P content is low, it may be 0%, but considering the current general refining (including secondary refining), the P content may be 0.0005% or more.
[0020]
[S: 0.020% or less]
S (sulfur) is an impurity. If S is excessively contained in the steel, MnS stretched by hot rolling is generated, and the deformability of the steel sheet is lowered. Therefore, the S content is limited to 0.020% or less. Since it is preferable that the S content is low, it may be 0%, but considering the current general refining (including secondary refining), the S content may be 0.0005% or more.
[0021]
[Sol. Al: 0.50% or less]
Al (aluminum) is a deoxidizing element for steel and is an effective element for increasing the mechanical strength of steel sheets. To obtain this effect, sol. Al may be contained so as to be 0.10% or more. However, when deoxidizing with Si, sol. It does not have to contain Al.
On the other hand, sol. If the Al content exceeds 0.50%, the castability is deteriorated and the productivity is lowered. Therefore, sol. The Al content is 0.50% or less.
[0022]
[N: 0.0100% or less]
N (nitrogen) is an impurity and is an element that reduces the deformability of the steel sheet. Therefore, the N content is limited to 0.0100% or less. Since it is preferable that the N content is low, it may be 0%. However, considering the current general refining (including secondary refining), the N content may be 0.0005% or more.
[0023]
The steel sheet according to the present embodiment may contain the above elements and the balance may be Fe and impurities. However, in order to improve various properties, the following elements (arbitrary elements) may be contained instead of a part of Fe. Since it is not necessary to intentionally add these optional elements to the steel in order to reduce the alloy cost, the lower limit of the content of these arbitrary elements is 0%.
Impurities are components that are unintentionally contained in the steel sheet manufacturing process from raw materials or other manufacturing processes.
[0024]
[B: 0 to 0.0050%]
B (boron) is an element that immobilizes carbon and nitrogen in steel to form fine carbonitrides. Fine carbonitrides contribute to steel precipitation strengthening, microstructure control, fine grain strengthening, and the like. Therefore, it may be contained if necessary. When the above effect is obtained, the B content is preferably 0.0001% or more.
On the other hand, if the B content exceeds 0.0050%, not only the above effect is saturated, but also the workability (deformability) of the steel sheet may decrease. Therefore, even when it is contained, the B content is set to 0.0050% or less. Further, since the strength of the cold-rolled original plate increases due to the inclusion of B, the cold-rolled load when cold rolling is performed at a high-pressure reduction rate increases. Therefore, from the viewpoint of productivity, the B content is preferably 0.0005% or less.
[0025]
[Mo: 0 to 0.40%]
Mo (molybdenum) is an element that contributes to improving the mechanical strength of steel sheets. Further, when the content is lower than that of Mn, it is an element that is less likely to segregate than Mn and contributes to uniform dispersion of the hard phase. Therefore, it may be contained if necessary. When the above effect is obtained, the Mo content is preferably 0.001% or more.
On the other hand, if the Mo content is excessive, the deformability of the steel sheet may decrease. Therefore, even when it is contained, the Mo content is set to 0.40% or less. In addition, Mo is an expensive element, and an increase in Mo content leads to an increase in alloy cost. From this viewpoint, the Mo content is preferably 0.15% or less.
[0026]
[Ti: 0 to 0.10%]
Ti (titanium) is an element that immobilizes carbon and nitrogen in steel to form fine carbonitrides. Fine carbonitrides contribute to steel precipitation strengthening, microstructure control, fine grain strengthening, and the like. Therefore, it may be contained if necessary. When the above effect is obtained, the Ti content is preferably 0.001% or more.
On the other hand, when the Ti content exceeds 0.10%, not only the above effect is saturated, but also the strength of the cold-rolled original plate (steel plate used for cold rolling) increases, and when cold rolling is performed at a high pressure lowering rate. Cold rolling load increases. Therefore, even when it is contained, the Ti content is set to 0.10% or less.
[0027]
[Nb: 0 to 0.10%]
Nb (niobium) is an element that immobilizes carbon and nitrogen in steel to form fine carbonitrides. Fine Nb carbonitrides contribute to steel precipitation strengthening, microstructure control, fine grain strengthening, and the like. Therefore, it may be contained if necessary. When the above effect is obtained, the Nb content is preferably 0.001% or more.
On the other hand, when the Nb content exceeds 0.10%, not only the above effect is saturated, but also the strength of the cold-rolled original plate is increased, and the cold-rolled load when cold rolling is performed at a high-pressure reduction rate is increased. Therefore, even when it is contained, the Nb content is set to 0.10% or less.
[0028]
[Cr: 0 to 0.55%]
Cr (chromium) is an element that contributes to improving the mechanical strength of steel sheets. Therefore, it may be contained if necessary. When the above effect is obtained, the Cr content is preferably 0.001% or more.
On the other hand, when the Cr content becomes excessive, the strength of the cold-rolled original plate increases, and the cold-rolled load when cold rolling is performed at a high-pressure reduction rate increases. Further, excessive inclusion of Cr causes an increase in alloy cost. Therefore, even when it is contained, the Cr content is set to 0.55% or less.
[0029]
[Ni: 0 to 0.25%]
Ni (nickel) is an element that contributes to improving the mechanical strength of steel sheets. Therefore, it may be contained if necessary. When the above effect is obtained, the Ni content is preferably 0.001% or more.
On the other hand, when the Ni content becomes excessive, the strength of the cold-rolled original plate increases, and the cold-rolled load when cold rolling is performed at a high-pressure reduction rate increases. Further, excessive inclusion of Ni causes an increase in alloy cost. Therefore, even when it is contained, the Ni content is set to 0.25% or less.
[0030]

In the steel sheet according to the present embodiment, when the plate thickness is t, the depth range from the surface to t / 4 in the plate thickness direction is divided into two regions, and the depth position is 20 μm in the depth direction starting from the surface. The depth range with the end point is the surface layer region, and the range on the center side of the steel sheet with respect to the surface layer region is the internal region.
As a result of the study by the present inventors, it was found that the occurrence of surface unevenness during molding is caused by non-uniform deformation during molding due to non-uniform strength in the micro region. In particular, regarding the occurrence of surface irregularities, the influence of the metal structure in the surface layer region, which is in the range of 0 to 20 μm in the plate thickness direction from the surface (range from the surface to the position of 20 μm in the plate thickness direction from the surface), is large. Do you get it. Therefore, in the steel sheet according to the present embodiment, the metal structure of the surface layer region is controlled as follows.
[0031]
[Composed of ferrite and the second phase with a volume fraction of 0.01 to 5.0%, the volume fraction of the second phase is smaller than the volume fraction of the second phase in the internal region]
If the volume fraction of the second phase in the surface layer region is less than 0.01%, the strength of the steel sheet will not be sufficiently improved. Therefore, the volume fraction of the second phase is set to 0.01% or more.
On the other hand, if the volume fraction of the second phase exceeds 5.0%, the hard phase tends to be dispersed unevenly, so that surface irregularities occur during molding and the appearance after molding deteriorates.
Further, the volume fraction of the second phase in the metal structure of the surface layer region is smaller than the volume fraction of the second phase in the internal region. Only by making the volume fraction of the second phase in the surface layer smaller than the volume fraction of the second phase in the internal region and further increasing the volume fraction in the internal region, it is possible to achieve both suppression of surface irregularities and material strength. Can be made to.
[0032]
In the steel sheet according to the present embodiment, the second phase is a hard structure other than ferrite, and is, for example, one or more of pearlite, martensite, retained austenite, bainite, and tempered martensite. From the viewpoint of improving the strength, one or more of martensite, bainite, and tempered martensite is preferable, and martensite is more preferable.
[0033]
The volume fraction of the second phase in the surface layer region can be obtained by the following method.
For observing the metal structure (microstructure) from the W / 4 position or 3 W / 4 position of the plate width W of the obtained steel sheet (that is, the position of W / 4 in the width direction from any of the widthwise ends of the steel sheet). A sample (generally, the size is 20 mm in the rolling direction x 20 mm in the width direction x the thickness of the steel plate) is taken, and the metal structure (microstructure) in the plate thickness 1/4 thickness is observed from the surface layer using an optical microscope. , Calculate the area fraction of the second phase from the surface of the steel sheet (the surface excluding the plating layer if plating is present) to 20 μm. To prepare the sample, the plate thickness cross section in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction is polished as an observation surface and etched with a repeller reagent.
The "microstructure" is classified from the optical micrographs with a magnification of 500 times etched with the repeller reagent. When the optical microscope observation is performed after the repeller corrosion, for example, bainite is black, martensite (including tempered martensite) is white, and ferrite is gray. Since the observations are color-coded, it is possible to easily distinguish between ferrite and other hard structures. In the microstructure photograph, the region other than gray showing ferrite is the second phase.
10 fields of view were observed at a magnification of 500 times from the surface layer of the steel plate etched with the repeller reagent at a magnification of 500 times, and a region of 20 μm from the surface layer of the steel plate in the microstructure photograph was designated. Image analysis is performed using image analysis software to obtain the area fraction of the second phase. As an image analysis method, for example, the maximum lightness value Lmax and the minimum lightness value Lmin of an image are acquired from an image, and the portion having pixels whose lightness is from Lmax-0.3 × (Lmax-Lmin) to Lmax is a white region, Lmin. From, the portion having the pixel of Lmin + 0.3 × (Lmax−Lmin) is regarded as a black region, and the other portion is regarded as a gray region, and the area fraction of the second phase, which is a region other than gray, is calculated. Image analysis is performed on a total of 10 visual fields in the same manner as described above to measure the surface integral of the second phase. Assuming that the area fraction is equal to the volume fraction, these are further averaged and calculated as the volume fraction of the second phase in the surface layer region.
[0034]
[The average crystal grain size of the second phase is 0.01 to 4.0 μm]
If the average crystal grain size of the second phase exceeds 4.0 μm, the appearance after molding deteriorates. Therefore, the average particle size of the second phase in the surface layer region is set to 4.0 μm or less.
On the other hand, if the average crystal grain size of the second phase is less than 0.01 μm, the particles of the second phase are likely to aggregate and be generated. Even if the individual particles of the second phase are small, if they are aggregated and formed, the appearance after molding is deteriorated. Therefore, the average particle size of the second phase is set to 0.01 μm or more. It is preferably 0.10 μm or more.
[0035]
The average crystal grain size of the second phase in the surface layer region can be obtained by the following method.
In the same manner as above, 10 fields were observed from the surface layer of the steel plate etched with the reperer reagent at a magnification of 500 times at a 1/4 thickness position, and a region of 20 μm × 200 μm was selected from the surface layer of the steel plate in the microstructure photograph. Image analysis is performed in the same manner as above using the image analysis software of "Photoshop CS5" manufactured by Japan, and the area occupied by the second phase and the number of particles in the second phase are calculated respectively. By adding them together and dividing the area occupied by the second phase by the number of particles in the second phase, the average area per particle in the second phase is calculated. From this area and the number of particles, the diameter equivalent to a circle is calculated and used as the average crystal grain size of the second phase.
[0036]
[In the surface layer region, an aggregate structure in which X ODF {001} / {111}, which is the intensity ratio between the {001} orientation and the {111} orientation of the ferrite, is 0.60 or more and less than 2.00 is included].
In the surface layer region, X ODF {001} / {111}, which is the intensity ratio (ratio of the maximum value of the X-ray random intensity ratio) between the {001} orientation and the {111} orientation of the ferrite phase, is 0.60 or more. Having an aggregate structure of less than 2.00 improves the appearance after molding. The reason for this is not clear, but it is considered that the non-uniform deformation on the surface is suppressed by the interaction between the existence form of the second phase and the crystal orientation distribution of ferrite.
When X ODF {001} / {111} is less than 0.60, non-uniform deformation due to the orientation distribution and strength difference of each crystal of the material (steel plate) is likely to occur, and the orientation near {001} of the ferrite phase Deformation concentration to is remarkable.
On the other hand, even if X ODF {001} / {111} is 2.00 or more, non-uniform deformation due to the orientation distribution and intensity difference of each crystal of the material is likely to occur, and the boundary between the ferrite phase and the second phase is likely to occur. , And non-uniform deformation of the ferrite phase to the boundary between the crystal grains in the direction near {111} and the crystal grains in other directions is likely to occur, and it is considered that surface irregularities are likely to develop.
Further, when the difference between the ferrite X ODF {001} / {111} in the surface layer region and the ferrite X ODF {001} / {111} in the internal region is −0.40 to 0.40, the plate thickness direction It is more preferable because it is considered that the deformation non-uniformity in the ferrite phase of the above is suppressed and it contributes to the improvement of the work hardening characteristics of the material.
[0037]
Whether or not the ferrite in the surface layer region contains an texture having an X ODF {001} / {111} of 0.60 to 2.00 can be determined by the following procedure using the EBSD (Electron Backscattering Diffraction) method. can.
For the sample to be used for the EBSD method, the steel plate is polished by mechanical polishing, then the strain is removed by chemical polishing or electrolytic polishing, and at the same time, the cross section in the plate thickness direction including the range from the surface to 1/4 of the plate thickness is the measurement surface. The sample is adjusted so that the texture is measured. Regarding the sampling position in the plate width direction, it is desirable to collect a sample near the plate width position of W / 4 or 3W / 4 (a position separated from the end face of the steel plate by a distance of 1/4 of the plate width of the steel plate). ..
The crystal orientation distribution of the sample is measured in the region from the surface of the steel plate to 20 μm in the plate thickness direction at a pitch of 0.5 μm or less by the EBSD method. The ferrite phase is extracted using an IQ (Image Quality) value map that can be analyzed by EBSP-OIM (registered trademark, Electron Backscatter Diffraction Pattern-Orientation Image Microscope). Since the ferrite phase has a characteristic of having a large IQ value, it can be easily separated by this method. The threshold value of the IQ value is set so that the area fraction of ferrite calculated by observing the microstructure due to the above-mentioned leveler corrosion and the area fraction of ferrite calculated based on the IQ value match.
The maximum value of the X-ray random intensity ratio of the {001} orientation group in the φ2 = 45 ° cross section of the three-dimensional texture (ODF: Origination Distribution Factors) display calculated using the crystal orientation of the extracted ferrite phase, and {111}. Maximum value of X-ray random intensity ratio of azimuth group (γ-fiber) and ratio ({001} Maximum value of X-ray random intensity ratio of azimuth group / {111} X-ray random of azimuth group (γ-fiber) X ODF {001} / {111} which is the maximum value of the intensity ratio) is obtained. The X-ray random intensity ratio is obtained by measuring the diffraction intensity of a standard sample having no accumulation in a specific orientation and the diffraction intensity of the test material by an X-ray diffraction method or the like under the same conditions. It is a numerical value obtained by dividing the diffraction intensity by the diffraction intensity of the standard sample. For example, when a steel sheet is rolled and annealed at a high pressure reduction rate of 70% or more, an texture develops and the X-ray random intensity of the {111} orientation group (γ-fiber) increases.
Here, {hkl} indicates that the normal direction of the plate surface is parallel to when the sample is collected by the above method. As the crystal orientation, the orientation perpendicular to the plate surface is usually indicated by (hkl) or {hkl}. {Hkl} is a general term for equivalent planes, and (hkl) refers to individual crystal planes. That is, since the body-centered cubic structure (bcc structure) is targeted in this embodiment, for example, (111), (-111), (1-11), (11-1), (-1-11). ), (-11-1), (1-1-1), and (1-1-1) are equivalent and indistinguishable. In such a case, these directions are collectively referred to as a {111} direction group. Since the ODF display is also used for the direction display of other crystal structures having low symmetry, it is common to display the individual directions in (hkl) [uvw] in the ODF display, but in the present embodiment, the individual directions are generally displayed. We focused on the normal direction direction {hkl}, which was found to have a great influence on the development of unevenness after molding. In addition, {hkl} and (hkl) are synonymous.
If the product is a steel sheet with a plating layer, the surface of the steel sheet excluding the plating layer is defined as the starting point of the surface layer region.
[0038]

In the steel plate according to the present embodiment, after controlling the metal structure of the surface layer region as described above, a position of more than 20 μm in the plate thickness direction from the surface to a position of 1/4 of the plate thickness in the plate thickness direction from the surface (plate thickness). When t: t / 4), it is necessary to control the metal structure of the internal region.
[0039]
[Consists of ferrite and the second phase with a volume fraction of 2.0 to 10.0%]
If the volume fraction of the second phase in the internal region is less than 2.0%, the strength of the steel sheet cannot be sufficiently improved. Therefore, the volume fraction of the second phase is set to 2.0% or more.
On the other hand, if the volume fraction of the second phase exceeds 10.0%, the volume fraction of ferrite becomes too small, and workability such as elongation and hole expandability deteriorates. Therefore, the volume fraction of the second phase is set to 10.0% or less.
[0040]
[The average crystal grain size of the second phase is 1.0 μm or more and 5.0 μm or less, and is larger than the average crystal grain size of the second phase in the surface layer region]
When the average grain size in the inner region is 1.0 μm to 5.0 μm and is larger than the average crystal grain size of the second phase in the surface layer region, the average crystal grain size of the second phase in the surface layer region is relative to the inner region. This is preferable because the non-uniform deformation is suppressed in the surface layer region.
Therefore, the average particle size in the internal region may be controlled within the above range.
[0041]
The volume fraction and average crystal grain size of the second phase in the internal region are also in the range from more than 20 μm in the plate thickness direction to the position of 1/4 of the plate thickness using the steel plate etched with the repeller reagent. Can be obtained by selecting and analyzing by the same method as the surface layer region.
Also, regarding the aggregate structure of the ferrite phase in the internal region, the range from the surface of the sample to the position of more than 20 μm in the plate thickness direction to the position of 1/4 of the plate thickness is specified by using the above-mentioned EBSD method, and the surface layer region is used. It can be obtained by analysis by the same method.
When the plate thickness of the product is more than 0.4 mm, the internal region is preferably in the range of more than 20 μm to 100 μm from the surface in the plate thickness direction.
[0042]

If the number density of the particles of the second phase and the variation in the number density are controlled in the following range in the range of 0 to 50 μm from the surface to the plate thickness direction of the cross section perpendicular to the rolling direction of the steel sheet, further after molding. It is preferable because it improves the appearance. Compared to the crystal orientation and microstructure fraction, the uniform dispersibility of the hard phase has a wider region in the plate thickness direction that affects the occurrence of uneven patterns due to the occurrence of non-uniform deformation during molding, so the surface layer region (0 from the surface). ~ 20 μm), which is wider in the plate thickness direction, and is controlled in the range of 0 to 50 μm from the surface.
[0043]
[The average number density of the second phase per observation field of view of 100 μm (plate width direction) × 50 μm (plate thickness direction) is 130 or less]
[The minimum number density of the second phase per observation field of view of 100 μm (plate width direction) × 50 μm (plate thickness direction) is the average number density of the second phase-20 or more]
When the average number density of the second phase when observing 100 μm (plate width direction) × 50 μm (plate thickness direction) for 10 or more fields of view on the cross section perpendicular to the rolling direction of the steel sheet is more than 130 / field of view, the hard particles May be unevenly dispersed and the appearance after molding may be deteriorated. Further, when the minimum number density of the second phase is less than the average number density of the second phase −20 (the number density varies), non-uniform deformation in which the deformation is concentrated in a place where there are few particles in the hard phase occurs. As it occurs, the appearance after molding may deteriorate. Therefore, it is preferable that the average number density in the observation field is 130 or less, and the difference between the minimum number density and the average number density is 20 or less (the minimum number density is the average number density −20 or more).
The variation in the number density and the number density of the particles of the second phase in the range of 0 to 50 μm in the plate thickness direction from the surface is from the surface to 50 μm in the plate thickness direction from the surface of the sample using the steel plate etched with the reperer reagent. It can be obtained by designating 10 or more observation fields of 100 μm (plate width direction) × 50 μm (plate thickness direction) and counting the number of particles in the second phase.
The average number density of the second phase is a value obtained by averaging the number of particles of the second phase measured in 10 or more fields of view. The minimum number density of the second phase is the value of the minimum number density among the measured number of particles, and when the average number density in the observation field of the second phase (100 μm × 50 μm) is 20 or less, The minimum number density may be 0 or more.
[0044]

The thickness of the steel plate according to this embodiment is not particularly limited. However, when applied to an outer plate member, if the plate thickness exceeds 0.55 mm, the contribution to weight reduction of the member is small. Further, if the plate thickness is less than 0.15 mm, rigidity may become a problem. Therefore, the plate thickness is preferably 0.15 mm to 0.55 mm.
[0046]

Next, a preferable manufacturing method of the steel sheet according to the present embodiment will be described. The steel sheet according to the present embodiment can obtain the effect as long as it has the above-mentioned characteristics regardless of the manufacturing method. However, the following method is preferable because it can be stably produced.
[0047]
Specifically, the steel sheet according to this embodiment can be manufactured by a manufacturing method including the following steps (i) to (vi).
(I) A heating step of heating a steel piece having the above chemical composition to 1000 ° C. or higher.
(Ii) A hot rolling step of hot rolling a steel piece so that the rolling end temperature is 950 ° C. or lower to obtain a hot-rolled steel sheet.
(Iii) A stress applying step of applying stress to a hot-rolled steel sheet after a hot rolling step so that σ s, which is a residual stress on the surface, has an absolute value of 150 MPa to 350 MPa.
(Iv) A cold rolling step of cold-rolling a hot-rolled steel sheet after a stress-applying step to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet having an RCR of 70 to 90%, which is a cumulative reduction rate.
(V) The cold-rolled steel sheet is heated so that the average heating rate from 300 ° C. to the soaking temperature T1 ° C. satisfying the following equation (1) is 1.5 to 10.0 ° C./sec, and then the soaking heat is obtained. Annealing step, which performs annealing at a temperature of T1 ° C. for 30 to 150 seconds.
1275-27 x ln (σs) -4.5 x R CR ≤ T1 ≤ 1275-27 x ln (σs) -4 x R CR ... (1)
(Vi) The cold-rolled steel sheet after the annealing step is cooled to a temperature range of 550 to 650 ° C. so that the average cooling rate from T1 ° C. to 650 ° C. is 1.0 to 10.0 ° C./sec, and then averaged. A cooling step of cooling to a temperature range of 200 to 490 ° C. so that the cooling rate is 5.0 to 50.0 ° C./sec.
Further, in the case of producing a cold-rolled steel sheet or a plated steel sheet having more excellent formability by improving the ductility by tempering martensite, a manufacturing method including the following steps may be used.
(Vii) A holding step of holding the cold-rolled steel sheet after the cooling step in a temperature range of 200 to 490 ° C. for 30 to 600 seconds.
[0048]
Explain each process.
[Heating process]
In the heating step, the slab having a predetermined chemical composition is heated to 1000 ° C. or higher prior to rolling. If the heating temperature is less than 1000 ° C., the rolling reaction force increases in the subsequent hot rolling, sufficient hot rolling cannot be performed, and the desired product thickness may not be obtained. Alternatively, there is a risk that the plate cannot be wound due to deterioration in the plate shape.
It is not necessary to limit the upper limit of the heating temperature, but it is economically unfavorable to make the heating temperature excessively high. For this reason, it is desirable that the upper limit of the slab heating temperature is less than 1300 ° C.
Also, the slab used in the heating process is not limited. For example, a molten steel having the above chemical composition can be melted using a converter, an electric furnace, or the like, and a slab manufactured by a continuous casting method can be used. Instead of the continuous casting method, an ingot forming method, a thin slab casting method, or the like may be adopted.
[0049]
[Hot rolling process]
In the hot rolling process, a slab heated to 1000 ° C. or higher by the heating process is hot rolled and wound to obtain a hot-rolled steel sheet.
If the rolling end temperature exceeds 950 ° C, the average particle size becomes too large. In this case, the average crystal grain size of the final product plate also becomes large, which causes a decrease in yield strength and deterioration of the surface quality after molding, which is not preferable. Therefore, the finish rolling temperature (finish rolling end temperature) is set to 950 ° C. or lower. The finish rolling start temperature is preferably 900 ° C. or lower.
[0050]
When the temperature change in the hot rolling process (finish rolling end temperature-finish rolling start temperature) is + 5 ° C or higher, recrystallization is promoted by the processing heat generation in the hot rolling process, and the crystal grains are refined, which is preferable.
Further, the winding temperature is preferably 750 ° C. or lower, more preferably 650 ° C. or lower, in order to make the crystal grains finer. Further, in terms of reducing the strength of the cold-rolled original plate, the winding temperature is preferably 450 ° C. or higher, more preferably 500 ° C. or higher.
[0051]
[Stress application process]
In the stress applying step, stress is applied to the hot-rolled steel sheet after hot rolling so that the residual stress σ s on the surface becomes 150 MPa to 350 MPa in absolute value. For example, stress can be applied by grinding a hot-rolled steel sheet with a surface grinding brush after hot-rolling or pickling. At that time, the contact pressure of the grinding brush to the surface of the steel sheet may be changed, and the surface residual stress may be measured online using a portable X-ray residual stress measuring device and controlled so as to be within the above range.
By performing predetermined cold rolling, annealing, and cooling with residual stress applied to the surface so as to be within the above range, a ferrite having a predetermined texture and a steel sheet having a predetermined hard phase distribution can be obtained. can get.
If the residual stress is less than 150 MPa or more than 350 MPa, a predetermined ferrite texture cannot be obtained after subsequent cold rolling, annealing and cooling. Further, when the residual stress is applied not after hot rolling but after cold rolling, the residual stress is widely distributed in the plate thickness direction, so that a predetermined hard phase distribution and texture can be obtained only on the surface layer of the material. Can not.
The method of applying residual stress to the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet is not limited to the above-mentioned grinding brush, and there is also a method of performing shot blasting, for example. However, in the case of shot blasting, there is a risk that fine irregularities may occur on the surface due to the collision of the projecting material, or that defects may occur due to the subsequent cold rolling or the like due to the biting of the projecting material. Therefore, it is preferable to apply stress by grinding with a brush.
Further, under pressure by a roll such as a skin pass, stress is applied to the entire thickness direction of the steel sheet, and a desired hard phase distribution and texture cannot be obtained only on the surface layer of the material.
[0052]
The stress applying step is preferably performed at a steel sheet temperature of 40 to 500 ° C. By performing this in this temperature range, residual stress can be efficiently applied to the range of the surface layer region, and cracking due to the residual stress of the hot-rolled steel sheet can be suppressed.
[0053]
[Cold rolling process]
In the cold rolling process, cold rolling is performed in which the cumulative reduction ratio RCR is 70 to 90% to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet. By cold rolling a hot-rolled steel sheet to which a predetermined residual stress is applied at the above cumulative reduction rate, ferrite having a predetermined texture can be obtained after annealing and cooling.
If the cumulative reduction rate is less than 70%, the texture of the cold-rolled sheet (cold-rolled steel sheet) is not sufficiently developed, so that the predetermined texture cannot be obtained after annealing. Further, when the cumulative reduction rate exceeds 90%, the texture of the cold-rolled plate is excessively developed, and a predetermined texture cannot be obtained after annealing. In addition, the rolling load increases and the uniformity of the material in the plate width direction decreases. In addition, production stability is reduced. Therefore, the cumulative rolling reduction R CR in cold rolling is set to 70 to 90%.
[0054]
[Annealing process]
In the annealing step, the cold-rolled steel sheet is heated to a soaking temperature at an average heating rate according to the residual stress applied in the stress applying process and the cumulative reduction rate in the cold rolling process, and then the residue applied in the stress applying process. Holding is performed at a soaking temperature according to the stress and the cumulative rolling reduction in the cold rolling process.
Specifically, in the annealing step, the average heating rate of the cold-rolled steel sheet from 300 ° C. to the soaking temperature T1 ° C. satisfying the following equation (1) is 1.5 to 10.0 ° C./sec. After heating, annealing is performed at a soaking temperature of T1 ° C. for 30 to 150 seconds.
1275-27 x ln (σ s) -4.5 x R CR ≤ T1 ≤ 1275-27 x ln (σ s) -4 x R CR ... (1)
If the average heating rate is less than 1.5 ° C / sec, it takes time to heat and productivity decreases, which is not preferable. Further, if the average heating rate exceeds 10.0 ° C./sec, the temperature uniformity in the plate width direction is lowered, which is not preferable.
Further, when the soaking temperature T1 is lower than 1275-27 × ln (σ s) −4.5 × R CR, recrystallization of ferrite and reverse transformation from ferrite to austenite do not proceed sufficiently, and a predetermined texture is formed. I can't get it. Further, it is not preferable because the difference in strength between the unrecrystallized grains and the recrystallized grains promotes non-uniform deformation during molding. On the other hand, when the soaking temperature is higher than 1275-27 × ln (σ s) -4 × R CR, recrystallization of ferrite and reverse transformation from ferrite to austenite proceed sufficiently, but the crystal grains become coarse and predetermined. It is not preferable because an aggregate structure cannot be obtained.
The average heating rate is calculated by (heating end temperature-heating start temperature) / (heating time).
[0055]
[Cooling process]
In the cooling process, the cold-rolled steel sheet after soaking in the annealing process is cooled. In cooling, after cooling to 550 to 650 ° C. so that the average cooling rate from T1 ° C. to 650 ° C. is 1.0 to 10.0 ° C./sec, the average cooling rate is 5.0 to 500 ° C. Cool to 200-490 ° C to 0 ° C / sec.
If the average cooling rate from T1 ° C to 650 ° C is less than 1.0 ° C / sec, the ferrite transformation is excessively promoted, and a predetermined volume fraction of the second phase cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the temperature exceeds 10.0 ° C./sec, the ferrite transformation does not proceed sufficiently and the carbon concentration to austenite does not proceed sufficiently, so that a predetermined volume fraction of the second phase cannot be obtained. ..
Further, when the average cooling rate from the temperature range to the temperature range of 200 to 490 ° C. after cooling to the temperature range of 550 to 650 ° C. is less than 5.0 ° C./sec, the ferrite transformation is excessively promoted. Therefore, it is not possible to obtain a predetermined volume fraction of the second phase. On the other hand, since it is difficult to set the temperature above 500.0 ° C / sec due to equipment restrictions, the upper limit may be set to 500.0 ° C / sec.
The average cooling rate is calculated by (cooling start temperature-cooling end temperature) / (cooling time).
[0056]
[Holding process]
The cold-rolled steel sheet after cooling to 200 to 490 ° C. may be held in the temperature range of 200 to 490 ° C. for 30 to 600 seconds.
It is preferable to keep the martensite in the temperature range for a predetermined time because the effect of improving the ductility by tempering the martensite can be obtained.
The cold-rolled steel sheet after cooling to 200 to 490 ° C. or the cold-rolled steel sheet after the holding step may be cooled to room temperature at 10 ° C./sec or higher.
[0057]
The cold-rolled steel sheet obtained by the above method may be further subjected to a plating step of forming a plating layer on the surface. Examples of the plating step include the following steps.
[0058]
[Electroplating process]
[Alloying process]
For the cold-rolled steel sheet after the cooling step or the holding step, electroplating may be performed to form an electroplating layer on the surface. The electroplating method is not particularly limited. The conditions may be determined according to the required characteristics (corrosion resistance, adhesion, etc.).
Alternatively, the cold-rolled steel sheet after electroplating may be heated to alloy the plated metal.
[0059]
[Hot-dip galvanizing process]
[Alloying process]
The hot-dip galvanized steel sheet after the cooling step or the holding step may be hot-dip galvanized to form a hot-dip galvanized layer on the surface. The hot-dip galvanizing method is not particularly limited. The conditions may be determined according to the required characteristics (corrosion resistance, adhesion, etc.).
Alternatively, the plated layer may be alloyed by heat-treating the cold-rolled steel sheet after hot-dip galvanizing. When alloying, the cold-rolled steel sheet is heat-treated in a temperature range of 400 to 550 ° C for 3 to 60 seconds. Is preferable.
[0060]
According to the above manufacturing method, the steel sheet according to the present embodiment can be obtained.
Example
[0061]
Next, examples of the present invention will be described. The conditions in the examples are one condition example adopted for confirming the feasibility and effect of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to this one condition example. The present invention may adopt various conditions as long as the gist of the present invention is not deviated and the object of the present invention is achieved.
[0062]
Steel piece No. in Table 1 Steels having the chemical compositions shown in A to Z were melted and continuously cast to produce slabs having a thickness of 240 to 300 mm. The obtained slab was heated to the temperatures shown in Tables 2A to 2C. The heated slab was hot-rolled under the conditions shown in Tables 2A to 2C and wound up.
After that, the coil was rewound to apply stress to the hot-rolled steel sheet. At that time, using the processing temperature (steel plate temperature) portable X-ray residual stress measuring device shown in Tables 2A to 2C, while measuring the surface layer residual stress online, the residual stress is adjusted to be as shown in Tables 2A to 2C. The contact pressure of the grinding brush on the steel plate surface was changed.
After that, cold rolling was performed at the rolling reduction ratios (cumulative rolling reduction ratios) shown in Tables 2A to 2C to obtain steel sheets A1 to Z1.
[0063]
After that, annealing was performed under the conditions shown in Tables 3A to 3F, and the mixture was cooled to 500 to 650 ° C. at the cooling rate shown in the table, and then cooled to the temperature shown in the table. Some steel sheets were further subjected to a holding step of holding at 200 to 490 ° C. for 30 to 600 seconds. After cooling or holding, the mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature. After that, various types of plating were performed on some of the steel sheets to form a plating layer on the surface. In the table, CR is no plating, GI is hot-dip galvanizing, GA is alloyed hot-dip galvanizing, EG is electroplating, EGA is alloyed electrozinc plating, Zn-Al-Mg, etc. are plated containing these elements. Shows that you have gone.
[0064]
The obtained product board No. For A1a to Z1a, the metallographic structure of the surface layer region and the internal region was observed, and the X ODF {001} / {111} was measured.
Further, the average number density and the minimum number density of the second phase per observation field of view of 100 μm in the plate width direction and 50 μm in the plate thickness direction were obtained in the range of 0 to 50 μm in the plate thickness direction from the surface.
[0065]
The volume fraction of the second phase in the surface layer region was obtained by the following method.
A sample for observing the metal structure (microstructure) (20 mm in the rolling direction x 20 mm in the width direction x thickness of the steel sheet) was collected from the W / 4 position of the plate width W of the obtained steel sheet, and the surface layer was used with an optical microscope. The metallographic structure was observed at a thickness of 1/4, and the area fraction of the second phase from the surface of the steel sheet (the surface excluding the plating layer when plating was present) to 20 μm was calculated. To prepare the sample, the plate thickness cross section in the direction perpendicular to the rolling was polished as an observation surface and etched with a reperer reagent.
"Microstructure" was classified from optical micrographs with a magnification of 500 times etched with a repeller reagent. 10 fields of view were observed at a magnification of 500 times from the surface layer of the steel plate etched with the repeller reagent at a magnification of 500 times, and a region of 20 μm from the surface layer of the steel plate in the microstructure photograph was specified. Image analysis was performed using image analysis software, and the area fraction of the second phase was obtained. Image analysis was performed on a total of 10 visual fields in the same manner as above to measure the area fraction of the second phase, and these were further averaged and calculated as the volume fraction of the second phase in the surface layer region.
[0066]
The average crystal grain size of the second phase in the surface layer region was determined by the following method.
In the same way as the volume fraction of the second phase was obtained, 10 fields were observed at a magnification of 500 times from the surface layer of the steel plate etched with the repeller reagent at a magnification of 500 times, and 20 μm from the surface layer of the steel plate in the microstructure photograph. A region of × 200 μm was selected, and image analysis was performed using image analysis software of “Photoshop CS5” manufactured by Adobe, and the area occupied by the second phase and the number of particles in the second phase were calculated respectively. By adding them together and dividing the area occupied by the second phase by the number of particles in the second phase, the average area per particle in the second phase was calculated. From this area and the number of particles, the diameter equivalent to a circle was calculated and used as the average crystal grain size of the second phase.
[0067]
The volume fraction and average crystal grain size of the second phase in the internal region are also in the range from more than 20 μm in the plate thickness direction to the position of 1/4 of the plate thickness using the steel plate etched with the repeller reagent. Was selected and analyzed by the same method as the surface area.
[0068]
The X ODF {001} / {111} of the ferrite in the surface layer region was obtained by the following procedure using the EBSD (Electron Backscattering Diffraction) method.
For the sample to be used for the EBSD method, the steel plate is polished by mechanical polishing, then the strain is removed by chemical polishing or electrolytic polishing, and at the same time, the cross section in the plate thickness direction including the range from the surface to 1/4 of the plate thickness is the measurement surface. The sample is adjusted so that the texture is measured. Regarding the sampling position in the plate width direction, a sample was sampled at the plate width position of W / 4 (a position separated from the end face of the steel plate by a distance of 1/4 of the plate width of the steel plate).
The crystal orientation distribution of the sample from the surface of the steel sheet to 20 μm in the plate thickness direction was measured by the EBSD method at a pitch of 0.5 μm or less. The ferrite phase was extracted using an IQ (Image Quality) value map that can be analyzed by EBSP-OIM (registered trademark, Electron Backscatter Diffraction Pattern-Orientation Image Microscope). The threshold value of the IQ value was set so that the area fraction of ferrite calculated by observing the microstructure due to the above-mentioned leveler corrosion and the area fraction of ferrite calculated based on the IQ value match. {001} in the φ2 = 45 ° cross section of the three-dimensional texture (ODF: Orientation Distribution Functions) display calculated using the crystal orientation of the extracted ferrite phase.
The X-ODF {001} / {111}, which is the ratio between the maximum value of the X-ray random intensity ratio of the rank group and the maximum value of the X-ray random intensity ratio of the {111} azimuth group (γ-fiber), was obtained. ..
Also, regarding the aggregate structure of the ferrite phase in the internal region, the range from the surface of the sample to the position of more than 20 μm in the plate thickness direction to the position of 1/4 of the plate thickness is specified by using the above-mentioned EBSD method, and the surface layer region is used. It was obtained by analysis by the same method.
[0069]
The variation in the number density and the number density of the particles of the second phase in the range of 0 to 50 μm in the plate thickness direction from the surface is as follows: It was obtained by designating 10 or more observation fields of 100 μm (plate width direction) × 50 μm (plate thickness direction) in the range of 50 μm and counting the number of particles in the second phase. The results are shown in Tables 4A, 4B and 4C.
[0070]
The tensile strength was determined by a tensile test conducted in accordance with JIS Z 2241 using a JIS No. 5 test piece cut out in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction. The results are shown in Tables 3A to 3F.
[0071]
[Evaluation of surface quality of steel sheet]
In addition, the surface quality of the steel sheet was evaluated for the manufactured product board.
Specifically, the surface of the manufactured steel sheet was visually observed and the surface condition was evaluated. The evaluation criteria for the surface quality of the steel sheet are as follows.
A: No pattern generation (more desirable, it can be used as an exterior material)
B: Allowable minute pattern generation (can be used as an exterior material)
C: Unacceptable pattern generation (not possible as an exterior material)
D: Significant pattern defects (cannot be used as parts)
The results are shown in Tables 3A to 3F.
[0072]
[Sheet steel forming test]
The molding test was not carried out for the material having the surface quality evaluation of C or D of the steel sheet, and the forming test was carried out only for the material having the surface evaluation of A or B of the steel sheet.
Regarding molding, a deep drawing tester, a φ50 mm cylindrical punch, and a φ54 mm cylindrical die were used for the steel sheet whose surface texture was measured above, and a 10% in the rolling width direction was obtained in a cylindrical draw forming test by the Marcinianc method. A plastic strain was applied.
A test piece of 100 mm in the rolling width direction × 50 mm in the rolling direction is prepared from the portion deformed by molding, and the arithmetic average height Pa of the cross-sectional curve specified in JIS B0601 (2001) is rolled according to the JIS B0633 (2001) standard. Measured in the direction perpendicular to the direction. The evaluation was performed on the portion deformed by molding, and the evaluation length was set to 30 mm.
Further, in the flat portion of the molded product, a test piece having a width direction of 100 mm and a rolling direction of 50 mm is prepared, and the arithmetic average height of the cross-sectional curve specified in JIS B0601 (2001) according to the JIS B0633 (2001) standard. Pa was measured in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction. The evaluation length was 30 mm.
The roughness increase amount ΔPa was calculated using the Pa of the molded product and the Pa of the steel plate obtained in the above measurement test.
Roughness increase ΔPa = Pa of molded product-Pa of steel plate
[0073]
Based on this ΔPa, the surface texture of the steel sheet after molding was evaluated. The evaluation criteria are as follows.
A: ΔPa ≦ 0.25 μm (more desirable, it can be used as an exterior material)
B: 0.25 μm <ΔPa ≦ 0.35 μm (can be used as an exterior material)
C: 0.35 μm <ΔPa ≦ 0.55 μm (Can be used as a part, but cannot be used as an exterior material.)
D: 0.55 μm <ΔPa (cannot be used as a component)
[0074]
[comprehensive evaluation]
As the comprehensive evaluation criteria for surface texture, the side with the lowest score in the above two evaluations (evaluation of steel sheet and evaluation after molding) was taken as the comprehensive evaluation. The results are shown in Tables 4A to 4C.
A: It is more desirable and can be used as an exterior material.
B: Can be used as an exterior material.
C: Not possible as an exterior material.
D: Cannot be used as a part.
[0075]
Based on Tables 1 to 4C, in the example (invention example) in which the chemical composition, the metal structure of the surface layer region, and the metal structure of the internal region are in a preferable range of X ODF {001} / {111}, the comprehensive evaluation is A. Or B, and the formation of surface irregularities after processing was suppressed.
On the other hand, for an example (comparative example) in which any one or more of X ODF {001} / {111} is out of the scope of the present invention in terms of the chemical composition, the metal structure of the surface layer region, and the metal structure of the internal region, the steel sheet is used. At this stage or after molding, a pattern was generated or unevenness was generated, and the material could not be used as an exterior material.
[0076]
[table 1]

[0077]
[Table 2A]

[0078]
[Table 2B]

[0079]
[Table 2C]

[0080] [0080]
[Table 3A]

[0081]
[Table 3B]

[0082]
[Table 3C]

[0083]
[Table 3D]

[0084]
[Table 3E]

[0085]
[Table 3F]

[0086]
[Table 4A]

[0087]
[Table 4B]

[0088]
[Table 4C]

Industrial applicability
[0089]
It is possible to manufacture high-strength steel sheets in which the occurrence of surface irregularities is suppressed even after various deformations caused by press deformation. Therefore, it has high industrial applicability.
The scope of the claims
[Claim 1]
The chemical composition is mass%,
C: 0.020% or more, 0.090% or less,
Si: 0.200% or less,
Mn: 0.45% or more, 2.10% or less,
P: 0.030% or less,
S: 0.020% or less,
sol. Al: 0.50% or less,
N: 0.0100% or less,
B: 0 to 0.0050%,
Mo: 0 to 0.40%,
Ti: 0 to 0.10%,
Nb: 0 to 0.10%,
Cr: 0 to 0.55%,
Ni: 0-0.25%,
Containing, the balance consists of Fe and impurities,
The metal structure of the surface layer region, which ranges from the surface to the position of 20 μm in the plate thickness direction from the surface, is composed of ferrite and the second phase having a volume fraction of 0.01 to 5.0%.
The metal structure of the internal region ranging from the position of more than 20 μm in the plate thickness direction from the surface to the position of 1/4 of the plate thickness in the plate thickness direction from the surface is ferrite and the volume fraction. It consists of the second phase of 0 to 10.0%.
The volume fraction of the second phase in the surface layer region is smaller than the volume fraction of the second phase in the internal region.
In the surface area The average crystal grain size of the second phase is 0.01 to 4.0 μm.
Includes a texture in which the X ODF {001} / {111}, which is the intensity ratio between the {001} orientation and the {111} orientation of the ferrite, is 0.60 or more and less than 2.00.
A steel plate characterized by that.
[Claim 2]
The average crystal grain size of the second phase in the internal region is 1.0 μm or more and 5.0 μm or less, and is larger than the average crystal grain size of the second phase in the surface layer region.
The steel sheet according to claim 1.
[Claim 3]
In the range of 0 to 50 μm in the plate thickness direction from the surface of the cross section perpendicular to the rolling direction of the steel plate.
The average number density of the second phase per observation field of view of 100 μm in the plate width direction and 50 μm in the plate thickness direction is 130 or less.
The minimum number density of the second phase per observation field of view is -20 or more of the average number density of the second phase.
The steel sheet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the steel sheet is characterized by the above.
[Claim 4]
The chemical composition is by mass%
B: 0.0001% or more, 0.0050% or less,
Mo: 0.001% or more, 0.40% or less,
Ti: 0.001% or more, 0.10% or less,
Nb: 0.001% or more, 0.10% or less,
Cr: 0.001% or more, 0.55% or less, and
Ni: 0.001% or more, 0.25% or less
Including one or more of
The steel sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the steel sheet is characterized by the above.
[Claim 5]
The second phase in the surface layer region comprises one or more of martensite, bainite, and tempered martensite.
The steel sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the steel sheet is characterized by the above.
[Claim 6]
The steel sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the surface has a plating layer.
[Claim 7]
The steel sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the tensile strength is 400 MPa or more.
[Claim 8]
A heating step of heating a steel piece having the chemical composition according to claim 1 to 1000 ° C. or higher,
A hot rolling process in which the steel pieces are hot-rolled so that the rolling end temperature is 950 ° C. or lower to obtain a hot-rolled steel sheet.
A stress applying step of applying stress to the hot-rolled steel sheet after the hot rolling step so that the residual stress σ s on the surface becomes 150 MPa to 350 MPa in absolute value.
A cold rolling step of cold-rolling the hot-rolled steel sheet after the stress-applying step to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet having an RCR of 70 to 90%, which is a cumulative reduction rate.
The cold-rolled steel sheet is heated so that the average heating rate from 300 ° C. to the soaking temperature T1 ° C. satisfying the following equation (1) is 1.5 to 10.0 ° C./sec, and then the soaking temperature. The annealing step of performing annealing at T1 ° C. for 30 to 150 seconds,
After cooling the cold-rolled steel sheet after the annealing step to 550 to 650 ° C. so that the average cooling rate from T1 ° C. to 650 ° C. is 1.0 to 10.0 ° C./sec, the average cooling rate is increased. A cooling process that cools to 200 to 490 ° C so that the temperature is 5.0 to 50.0 ° C / sec, and
A method for manufacturing a steel sheet, which comprises.
1275-27 x ln (σ s) -4.5 x R CR ≤ T1 ≤ 1275-27 x ln (σ s) -4 x R CR ... (1)
[Claim 9]
Perform the stress applying step at 40 to 500 ° C.
The method for manufacturing a steel sheet according to claim 8, wherein the steel sheet is manufactured.
[Claim 10]
In the hot rolling process
The method for manufacturing a steel sheet according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the finish rolling start temperature is 900 ° C. or lower.
[Claim 11]
The steel sheet according to any one of claims 8 to 10, further comprising a holding step of holding the cold-rolled steel sheet after the cooling step in a temperature range of 200 to 490 ° C. for 30 to 600 seconds. Production method.