Specification
Technical Field
[0001]
The present invention relates to a steelmaking slag-coated seed in which the
10 periphery of a seed is coated with steelmaking slag powder and a method for
producing the same.
15
Background Ati
[0002]
Rice is a very important food consumed as the staple food by approximately
two billion people in the world. In Japan, it is important that rice be able to be
stably produced and supplied and the self-sufficiency rate be enhanced. Further,
regions such as Southeast Asia, where rice is the staple food, are experiencing
significant economic development, and it is of increasing importance to perform rice
20 cultivation stably and achieve stable supply of rice in these regions.
[0003]
Methods of rice cultivation include a cultivation method in which seeds
(seed rice) are germinated, the seedlings are grown, and the seedlings are planted,
and a cultivation method based on direct sowing in which seeds (seed rice) are
25 directly sown. In Japan, rice cultivation based on rice planting is the mainstream
because homogeneous, good quality rice can be harvested. However, seedling
raising that germinates rice seeds (seed rice) and grows the seedlings and rice
planting that plants the seedlings require labor power, and are great factors in cost.
[0004]
30 Further, because of falls in the price of rice in recent years, a technology to
reduce cost and labor for rice farming in paddy fields is rapidly required. In view of
5
PCT/JP2016/070993
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the fact that thus far nee fanning has started from producing seedlings and
performing rice planting, the reduction of the time and effort of seedling production
leads to a great reduction of labor.
[0005]
The production of rice by direct sowing cultivation can omit seedling raising
and rice planting working; therefore, can reduce the amounts of labor power,
materials used, etc., and can suppress the cost for rice production. Among the types
of direct sowing cultivation of rice, iron coating direct sowing cultivation in which
iron-coated seeds are surface-sown is particularly well known. Unlike in the case
10 of transplanting cultivation, the iron-coated seed can be prepared in advance, and
therefore the time required for a series of working for sowing in spring can be
shortened by performing iron coating treatment in the agricultural off-season during
winter. Furthermore, there is no need to use a nursery box during seedling raising.
In addition, as well as the reduction of labor power for production, there are various
15 unique advantages derived from the iron coating. For example, since the specific
gravity of the iron-coated seed is large, the occurrence of floating can be prevented,
and the runoff of seeds can be prevented. Furthermore, the iron layer of the surface
of the seed is very strong, and therefore the occurrence of damage by birds, that is,
being eaten by birds can be suppressed.
20 [0006]
Thus far, technological development has been advanced for the iron coating
direct sowing cultivation (e.g., Patent Literature 1). For the seed production of iron
coating direct oowing ~ultivation, a form in which the surface of the seed is coated
with a mixture of iron powder and plaster of Paris and the surface is further coated
25 with plaster of Paris as a finish layer has been conventionally employed. This is
because the iron powder is oxidized into rust on the surface of the seed by
combination with the oxidation promotion capacity that the plaster of Paris has, and
the rust acts as glue and sufficiently fixes the coating layer to the seed.
30
[0007]
Patent Literature 1 mentions that the peeled-off amount is not changed even
when a finish layer of plaster of Paris, which has so far been considered necessary, is
5
PCT/JP2016/070993
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not formed, and the particle size of the peeled-off metal powder is smaller than in the
case where a finish layer is formed; and a finish layer is not formed on the seed of
Patent Literature 1.
Citation List
Patent Literature
[0008]
Patent Literature 1: JP 2014-l13128A
10 Summary oflnvention
Technical Problem
[0009]
However, in regard to technologies of producing an iron-coated seed
including the technology of Patent Literature 1, iron powder is difficult to obtain in
15 some regions, and the price is around 500,000 yen per ton; thus, the source material
cost of the iron-coated seed has been very high.
[0010]
The present invention has been made in order to address such a problem,
and an object of the present invention is to provide a steelmaking slag-coated seed
20 that can be directly sown and can be produced at low cost, and a method for
producing the same.
25
Solution to Problem ·
[0011]
The present invention includes roughly two aspects, and according to one
aspect of the present invention, there is provided a steelmaking slag-coated seed
including: a seed; and a steelmaking slag layer fanned on an outside of the seed, in
which the steelmaking slag layer is a covering layer made of steelmaking slag
powder obtained by pulverizing steelmaking slag, and the steelmaking slag contains
30 10 mass% or more iron and 30 mass% or more calcium relative to all components of
the steelmaking slag.
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[0012]
Further, the seed may be a seed of a rice plant.
[0013]
Further, the steelmaking slag may contain 10 mass% to 30 mass% iron and
5 30 mass% to 50 mass% calcium relative to all the components of the steelmaking
slag.
[0014]
Further, the steelmaking slag powder may have a particle size of 600 j.lm or
less, and may contain powder with a particle size of 45 j.lm or less at 20% or more.
10 [0015]
A method for producing a steelmaking slag-coated seed including a seed and
a steelmaking slag layer formed on a surface of the seed according to the above
aspect includes: a steelmaking slag pulverization process of pulverizing, as
steelmaking slag serving as a material of the steelmaking slag layer, steelmaking slag
15 containing 10 mass% or more iron and 30 mass% or more calcium relative to all
components of the steelmaking slag into powder; a seed soaking process of
incorporating water into a seed before coating; and a steelmaking slag coating
process of mixing steelmaking slag powder obtained in the steelmaking slag
pulverization process and a seed obtained in the seed soaking process and thereby
20 forming a steelmaking slag layer made of the steelmaking slag powder on a surface
of the seed.
25
[0016]
Further, the seed may be a seed of a rice plant.
[0017]
Further, in the steelmaking slag pulverization process, the steelmaking slag
may be pulverized into steelmaking slag powder with a particle size of 600 j.lm or
less.
[0018]
Further, the steelmaking slag powder obtained in the steelmaking slag
30 pulverization process may contain powder with a particle size of 45 j.lm or less at
20% or more.
PCT/JP20 16/070993
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[0019]
Further, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is
provided a steelmaking slag-coated seed, in which a seed is covered with
steelmaking slag powder containing 25 mass% or more and 50 mass% or less CaO
5 and 8 mass% or more and 30 mass% or less Si02.
[0020]
Further, the steelmaking slag powder may further contain 1 mass% or more
and 20 mass% or less MgO, 1 mass% or more and 25 mass% or less Ah03, 5 mass%
or more and 35 mass% or less Fe, l mass% or more and 8 mass% or less Mn, and 0.1
10 mass% or more and 5 mass% or less P20 5.
[0021]
A steelmaking slag-coated seed according to the present invention may be
covered with one or both of dephosphorization slag and decarburization slag that are
kinds of steelmaking slag powder.
15 [0022]
Further, the steelmaking slag powder may have a particle size of 600 f!m or
less.
[0023]
Further, the seed may be covered with a mixture of the steelmaking slag
20 powder and one or both of gypsum and iron powder.
[0024]
Further, the seed may be a seed covered with starch.
[0025]
Further, a surface of the seed may be further covered with gypsum.
25 [0026]
Further, a covering portion of the seed may further contain molasses.
[0027]
A method for producing a steelmaking slag-coated seed according to the
above aspect includes: covering a seed with a mixture obtained by mixing
30 steelmaking slag powder containing 25 mass% or more and 50 mass% or less CaO
and 8 mass% or more and 30 mass% or less Si02, and water; and solidifying the
PCT/JP2016/070993
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mixture.
[0028]
Further, the steelmaking slag powder may further contain I mass% or more
and 20 mass% or less MgO, I mass% or more and 25 mass% or less Ah03, 5 mass%
5 or more and 35 mass% or less Fe, 1 mass% or more and 8 mass% or less Mn, and 0.1
mass% or more and 5 mass% or less P20 5.
[0029]
The method for producing a steelmaking slag-coated seed includes:
covering a seed with a mixture. obtained by mixing one or both of dephosphorization
10 slag and decarburization slag that are kinds of steelmaking slag powder, and water;
and solidifying the mixture.
[0030]
Further, in the method for producing a steelmaking slag-coated seed, the
seed may be covered with a mixture obtained by mixing the steelmaking slag powder,
15 water, and one or both of gypswn and iron powder, and the mixture may be solidified.
[0031]
20
25
Further, the mass ratio of water in the mixture may be 1 0 mass% or more
and 80 mass% or less relative to the total mass of the mixture.
[0032]
Further, the water may be water containing 10 mass% or more and 50
mass% or less molasses.
[0033]
[0034]
gypswn.
[0035]
Further, a seed ·soaked in a starch aqueous solution may be used as the seed.
Further, a surface of the solidified mixture may be further covered with
Further, a surface of the solidified mixture may be further wetted with water
containing 0.5 mass% or more and 5 mass% or less sodium alginate, and then the
30 solidified mixture may be dried.
Advantageous Effects of Invention
[0036]
71100
PCT/JP2016/070993
According to the present invention, by covering a seed with steelmaking
slag containing specific components, it becomes possible to produce a steehnaking
5 slag-coated seed that can be directly sown and can be produced at low cost.
Brief Description of Drawings
[0037]
[FIG. 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a steelmaking slag-
10 coated seed according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
[FIG. 2] FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing a process of a method for producing a
steelmaking slag-coated seed according to the embodiment.
[FIG. 3] FIG. 3 is a photograph of steelmaking slag-coated seeds of Example 1 of the
first embodiment.
15 [FIG. 4] FIG. 4 is a photograph of iron-coated seeds of Comparative Example 1 of
the embodiment.
[FIG. 5] FIG. 5 is photographs showing results of a water soaking experiment of the
embodiment.
[FIG. 6] FIG. 6 is photographs showing results of a germination experiment of the
20 embodiment in which soil covering was performed.
[FIG. 7] FIG. 7 is photographs showing results of a germination experiment of the
embodiment in which soil covering was not performed.
[FIG. 8] FIG. Sis-photographs showing a state of roots of the embodiment that came
out after sowing.
25 [FIG. 9] FIG. 9 is a photograph showing a state of seeds of the embodiment that were
sown by scattering on a paddy field from the air.
[FIG. 1 0] FIG. 10 is photographs showing growth conditions of rice plants of the
embodiment.
[FIG. 11] FIG. 11 is a diagram showing adhered weight in cases of different particle
30 size distributions ofthe embodiment.
[FIG. 12] FIG. 12 is photographs showing a difference between a coarse grade and a
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fine grade of steelmaking slag powder of the embodiment.
[FIG. 13] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing adhered weight to seeds in cases of different
kinds of slag of the embodiment.
[FIG. 14] FIG. 14 is photographs showing a state of adhesion to seeds in cases of
5 different kinds of slag of the embodiment.
[FIG. 15] FIG. 15 is a graph showing results of Test Example 2 of a second
embodiment of the present invention.
[FIG. 16] FIG. 16 is a graph showing results of Test Example 2 of the embodiment.
[FIG. 17] FIG. 17 is a graph showing results of Test Example 3 of the embodiment.
10 [FIG. 18] FIG. 18 is a graph showing results of Test Example 3 of the embodiment.
[FIG. 19] FIG. 19 is a graph showing results of Test Example 4 of the embodiment.
[FIG. 20] FIG. 20 is a graph showing results of Test Example 5 of the embodiment.
Description of Embodiments
15 [0038]
Hereinafter, (a) preferred embodiment(s) of the present invention will be
described in detail with reference to the appended drawings. In this specification
and the appended drawings, structural elements that have substantially the same
function and structure are denoted with the same reference numerals, and repeated
20 explanation ofthese structural elements is omitted.
[0039]
The present invention is a steelmaking slag-coated seed in which a seed is
coated using steelmaking slag powder containing specific components. The present
invention specifically includes a first embodiment and a second embodiment. In the
25 following, a description is given for each of the first embodiment and the second
embodiment separately.
[0040]
< 1. First embodiment>
A steelmaking slag -coated seed according to the first embodiment of the
30 present invention is a steelmaking slag-coated seed including a seed and a
steelmaking slag layer formed on the outside of the seed, in which the steelmaking
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slag layer is a covenng layer made of steelmaking slag powder obtained by
pulverizing steelmaking slag, and the steelmaking slag contains 10 mass% or more
iron and 30 mass% or more calcium relative to all the components of the steelmaking
slag.
5 [0041]
In a conventional iron powder-coated seed, it has been necessary to perform
mixing with plaster of Paris when performing iron coating treatment because iron
powder alone does not cohere favorably. However, iron powder and plaster of Paris
are greatly different in specific gravity, and are therefore difficult to uniformly mix
10 together; consequently, there has been a case where non-uniformity occurs in coating
or coating iron powder falls off after drying. In this case, the occurrence of floating
and damage by birds cannot be sufficiently suppressed, and the yield of rice plants is
reduced. Furthermore, after iron coating treatment, a curing period of
approximately 5 days is needed in order to alleviate heat generation due to the
15 oxidation reaction of iron. The heat generation has the advantage of causing
disease germs growing naturally on the seed to disappear, but on the other hand
excessive heat generation may cause quality degradation.
[0042]
Furthermore, in iron coating direct sowing cultivation, usually the worker
20 (farmer) oneself who performs direct sowing cultivation performs the iron powder
coating treatment and the curing on seeds described above; hence, the difficulty of
coating and a long curing period are a matter of concern to the worker, and lead to
large time and·effort.
25
[0043]
For materials other than iron, a technology in which steelmaking slag as a
material containing minerals is used as a coating material is proposed. However,
even in the case where steelmaking slag is used as a coating material, depending on
the kind of steelmaking slag (in particular, the components), a sufficient adhered
amount is not obtained, the supply of minerals etc. cannot be expected so much, and
30 the occurrence of damage by birds etc. cannot be sufficiently suppressed, either.
Furthermore, since steelmaking slag has a smaller specific gravity than iron powder,
PCT/JP20 16/070993
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the weight of the coated seed is reduced when a sufficient adhered amount is not
obtained. In this case, it is feared that during aerial scattering the seeds may not get
into the soil sufficiently, and floating and damage by birds may occur.
[0044]
5 A steelmaking slag-coated seed according to the present embodiment
includes a seed and a steelmaking slag layer formed on the outside of the seed, and
uses, as steelmaking slag that forms the steelmaking slag layer, a material containing
prescribed components among various kinds of steelmaking slag; and can therefore
include a sufficient amount of a uniform coating layer (steelmaking slag layer) on the
10 outside of the seed.
[0045]
Thus, in the present embodiment, since steelmaking slag is used as a coating
material, the cost of the source material is greatly suppressed as compared to the case
of an iron-coated seed using iron powder or the like as a coating material.
15 Furthermore, a large part of the iron in the steelmaking slag has already been
oxidized; thus, as compared to the case of an iron-coated seed, the time of heat
generation due to coating treatment is short and a long curing period is not needed,
and sowing working can be started in a short period. As a result of these, the
steelmaking slag-coated seed of the present embodiment can be produced with less
20 time and effort of the worker and at lower cost than an iron-coated seed.
[0046]
Furthermore, also minerals such as iron, silicic acid, calcium, manganese,
magnesium, and boron dissolved out from the steelmaking slag during the growth
period of a rice plant or the like contribute to growth, and therefore the costs of
25 materials etc. for growth are greatly suppressed.
[0047]
Furthermore, when steelmaking slag powder is used after being finely
pulverized to 600 jlm or less in advance, seed coating can be performed without
using an additional solidifying agent, and the material cost can be reduced. In
30 particular, when powder with a pmiicle size of 45 Jlm or less is contained at 20% or
more, the steelmaking slag powder is fixed to the seed more firmly.
PCT/JP2016/070993
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[0048]
Steelmaking slag can be easily made uniform by simply performing
pulverization. Therefore, the powder hardly flies about at the time of performing
coating on the seed; thus, a seed covered with a steelmaking slag layer with high
5 uniformity can be obtained.
[0049]
A steelmaking slag -coated seed according to the first embodiment of the
present invention will now be specifically described on the basis of FIG. I. FIG. 1
is a schematic diagram showing an example of the steelmaking slag-coated seed
10 according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, a steelmaking slagcoated
seed 1 according to the present embodiment includes a seed 2 and a
steelmaking slag layer 3. The steelmaking slag layer 3 is a covering layer (coating
layer) made of steelmaking slag powder obtained by pulverizing steelmaking slag.
In the example shown in FIG. 1, the steelmaking slag layer 3 is formed directly on
15 the surface of the seed 2; but an intermediate layer may be additionally provided
between the seed 2 and the steelmaking slag layer 3 to the extent that the object of
the present embodiment is not impaired, as necessary.
[0050]
The seed 2 is not particularly limited as long as it is a seed of a crop for
20 direct sowing cultivation. In the present embodiment, mainly a seed of a rice plant
is dealt with. As the kind of the rice plant, the japonica variety, the indica variety,
or the like may be used. In the steelmaking slag-coated seed l in which the seed 2
is provided with the steelmaking slag layer 3, the specific gravity of the steelmaking
slag powder that forms the steelmaking slag layer 3 is higher than the specific gravity
25 of water, and a sufficient amount of steelmaking slag powder is adhered; hence, the
capability of the seed to sink into the water is increased. Therefore, the occurrence
of floating (floating rice) and damage by birds can be prevented. Furthermore, the
steelmaking slag layer 3 formed on the surface of the seed 2 is very hard, and
therefore exhibits strong resistance to damage by birds.
30 [0051]
The steelmaking slag-coated seed can be used mainly for direct sowing
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cultivation. The time of performing steelmaking slag coating is not particularly
limited as long as it is before performing sowing such as direct sowing. However,
since the steelmaking slag-coated seed can be prepared in advance unlike in the case
of transplanting cultivation, steelmaking slag coating treatment may be performed in
5 the agricultural off-season during winter, and thereby the time required for a series of
working for sowing in spring can be shortened.
[0052]
The steelmaking slag-coated seed according to the present embodiment is
distinctive in that it uses steelmaking slag powder as a material that covers the seed.
10 Steelmaking slag is slag obtained as a by-product in a process that removes
impurities from pig iron produced in a blast furnace and adds a secondary material
such as quicklime or silica stone to produce steel with high processability; and the
components etc. of steelmaking slag vary with the type and process of the
steelmaking method. The market selling price of fertilizers processed using
15 steelmaking slag as a source material is 20,000 yen to 50,000 yen per ton, which is
much less expensive than the price of iron powder.
[0053]
In the present embodiment, a kind of steelmaking slag that contains soluble
lime as a main component and contains, as other components, iron, soluble silicic
20 acid, soluble magnesia, citric acid-soluble phosphoric acid, citric acid-soluble
manganese, citric acid-soluble boron, etc. is used as the steelmaking slag. In
particular, steelmaking slag powder containing l 0 mass% or more iron and 30
mass% or more
In a steelmaking slag-coated seed according to the second embodiment of
the present invention, a seed is covered with steelmaking slag powder containing 25
20 mass% or more and 50 mass% or less CaO and 8 mass% or more and 30 mass% or
less Si02.
[0070]
In order to enable direct sowing of seeds, various technologies of covering a
seed with iron powder have so far been reported. However, in these technologies,
25 there has been a problem that seed covering using iron powder involves some cost
for metal iron powder.
[0071]
Furthermore, in seed covering using iron powder or triiron tetroxide, there
has been also a problem that the element from which a fertilizer effect can be
30 expected is only iron.
[0072]
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Furthermore, fine iron powder with a minute particle size such as for use in
seed covering has had also a problem that it requires attention to ignition, dust
explosion, and the like, and involves some cost for safety measures when the general
farmer handles it.
5 [0073]
In view of the problems mentioned above, the present inventors conducted
extensive studies of using, as a coating material of a seed, steel slag, which is
produced as a by-product in a steel production process and which is relatively low in
material cost, has a fertilizer effect, and is usable as a covering material.
10 Conventionally, neutral materials such as iron powder have been used as covering
materials of a seed, and materials with strong alkalinity have been considered not
suitable for covering materials of a seed; but the present inventors have found that a
seed can be germinated also by using a certain kind of steelmaking slag, although it
has alkalinity with a pH of approximately 11, as a covering material of the seed.
15 The present inventors have found that the growth of a plant can be promoted by
using such steelmaking slag as a covering material by virtue of minerals supplied
from the steelmaking slag.
[0074]
That is, the steelmaking slag-coated seed according to the present
20 embodiment has been thought up on the basis of the findings mentioned above, and
can suppress the material cost as compared to conventional coated seeds covered
with metal iron powder or iron oxide. Furthermore, the steelmaking slag-coated
seed according tB the present embodiment has a feriilizer effect, and can be directly
sown.
25 [0075]
[With regard to steelmaking slag powder]
Next, steelmaking slag powder used for covering in the steelmaking slagcoated
seed according to the second embodiment of the present invention is
described in detail.
30 [0076]
Steelmaking slag IS produced m a large amount as a by-product in the
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ironmaking industry, and the composition of steelmaking slag is analyzed and
managed. Steelmaking slag contains various fertilizer-effective elements such as
Ca, Si, Mg, Mn, Fe, and P, and is used as a fertilizer source material. In Japan, as
fertilizers using steelmaking slag as a source material, there are fertilizers falling
5 under the standards of the slag silicate fertilizer, the slag phosphate fertilizer, the byproduct
lime fertilizer, and the special fertilizer (the iron-containing substance)
provided by Fertilizers Regulation Act. Approximately 10 million tons of
steelmaking slag is produced per year in Japan alone, and steelmaking slag can be
obtained inexpensively.
10 [0077]
15
Steelmaking slag is a material that has no fear of ignition or dust explosion
and is inexpensive as compared to iron powder, and has been conventionally used for
fertilizer uses as well.
[0078]
In the present embodiment, examples of the steelmaking slag used for the
covering of a seed include, as well as steelmaking slag containing prescribed
components like that described in detail below, dephosphorization slag,
decarburization slag, and the like, which are kinds of steelmaking slag produced as a
by-product from a steel production process. Dephosphorization slag is slag
20 containing phosphorus that is produced as a by-product by adding lime, iron oxide,
or the like as a dephosphorizing agent to molten iron and blowing a gas such as
oxygen into the material in order to remove phosphorus contained in the molten iron,
and is a kind
In the following, first, Examples corresponding to the first embodiment of
5
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the present invention are described, along with Comparative Examples. However,
the technical scope of the present embodiment is not limited to Examples described
below.
[0128]
As Example 1, usmg nee seeds (variety: Koshihikari), a pulverization
process, a seed soaking process, a steelmaking slag coating process, and a drying
process were sequentially performed by the procedure shown in FIG. 2 to provide the
seed with a steehnaking slag coating. A coating machine was used in the
steelmaking slag coating process. The steelmaking slag-coated seed of Example 1
10 has a structure in which the surface of the seed is covered with steelmaking slag
powder. The component ratio of the steelmaking slag powder used is shown in
Table 1, and the pH and the specific gravity are shown in Table 2. The particle size
distribution of the steelmaking slag powder used is of "the medium grade" shown in
Tables 4 to 7 described later.
15 [0129]
As Comparative Example 1, using rice seeds of the same variety, a seed
soaking process, an iron coating process, a finish layer coating process, and an
oxidation and drying process were sequentially performed to provide the seed with
an iron coating. A similar apparatus to the apparatus of Example 1 was used in the
20 iron coating process. The iron-coated seed of Comparative Example 1 has a
structure in which the surface of the seed is covered with a mixture layer made of
iron powder and plaster of Paris and further the surface of the mixture layer is
covered with a finish layer made of plaster of Paris.
[0130]
25 [Table 1]
(Table 1)
Contained amount
[mass%]
[0131]
[Table 2]
Soluble
silicic acid
10.0
Soluble lime
Soluble
magnesia
40.3 4.96
Citric acid
Citric acid- Citric acidsoluble
Iron soluble soluble
phosphoric
acid
manganese boron
1.65 25.5 2.57 0.02
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(Table 2)
I Steelmaking slag Qowder I
Soecif~H !!ravitv I
12.2
2.2 I
[0132]
FIG. 3 shows a photograph of steelmaking slag-coated seeds of Example 1,
5 and FIG. 4 shows a photograph of iron-coated seeds of Comparative Example 1.
As shown in FIG. 3, it can be seen that, in Example 1, the seed is in a state of being
uniformly coated with a steelmaking slag layer. On the other hand, in Comparative
Example 1, the iron of the coating layer has turned into red rust due to oxidation, and
it cannot be said that the coating layer is sufficiently uniform.
10 [0133]
The weight of the coated seed of each of Example I and Comparative
Example 1 was measured; in Example I, the weight was 1.9 g per 10 seeds, whereas
in Comparative Example 1, the weight was 1.8 g per 10 seeds. That is, it is
presumed that the adhered weight is a little higher in the case of Example 1 than in
15 the case of Comparative Example 1. In the steelmaking slag powder, components
with smaller specific gravities than iron are contained in large amounts in addition to
iron, unlike in the iron powder; thus, the specific gravity of the steelmaking slagcoated
seed is smaller than the specific gravity of the iron-coated seed. In view of
the difference in adhered weight and specific gravity, it can be said that the
20 steelmaking slag-coated seed has a capability to sink into the water equal to or more
than that of the iron-coated seed.
[0134]
Next, a water soaking experiment of the coated seed of each of Example 1
and Comparative Example 1 was performed. 10 steelmaking slag-coated seeds of
25 Example 1 were put into one of two beakers and 10 iron-coated seeds of
Comparative Example 1 were put into the other beaker, water was poured into each
beaker, and the change in the state of each coated seed was observed. FIG. 5 shows
the results of the water soaking experiments of Example I (the upper figure) and
Comparative Example 1 (the lower figure). As shown in FIG. 5, in the steelmaking
30 slag-coated seeds of Example 1, the peeling-off of the steelmaking slag layer was
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seen in some seeds. On the other hand, in the iron-coated seeds of Comparative
Example 1, the dusted iron powder fell off partially.
[0135]
Next, for the coated seed of each of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1,
5 the germination rate in the case where soil covering was performed on the seed was
investigated. I 00 steelmaking slag-coated seeds of Example I were sown into the
soil interior of one of two indoor soil areas and were subjected to soil covering; and
I 00 iron-coated seeds of Comparative Example 1 were sown into the soil interior of
the other soil area and were subjected to soil covering. Table 3 shows the
10 germination rates on the 26th day after sowing and on the 34th day after sowing
according to Example I and Comparative Example 1. FIG. 6 shows the results of
the 26th day after sowing in the experiments of Example I (the upper figure) and
Comparative Example I (the lower figure).
[0136]
15 [Table 3]
(Table 3)
Example 1
Comparative Examole 1
[0137]
Germination rate
(26th day after sowing)
f%1
33
2
Germination rate
(34th day after sowing)
f%1
37
2
As shown in Table 3 and FIG. 6, in the case of Example I, the germination
20 of 33 seeds, that is, seeds of 33% of all the seeds was observed. On the other hand,
in the case of Comparative Example 1, the germination of 2 seeds, that is, seeds of
2% of all the seeds was observed. On the 34th day after sowing, in the case of
Example I the germination of 37 seeds, that is, seeds of 37% of all the seeds was
observed, whereas in the case of Comparative Example I the germination of 2 seeds,
25 that is, seeds of 2% of all the seeds was observed. From this, the germination rate
of the steelmaking slag-coated seed shows a value approximately 20 times higher
than the value in the case of the iron-coated seed, and it can be said that the
steelmaking slag-coated seed is advantageous in germination in the case where soil
covering is performed on the seed.
PCT/JP2016/070993
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[0138]
Next, for the coated seed of each of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1,
the germination rate in the case where soil covering was not performed on the seed
was investigated. Some of the soil was put into one of two identical plastic bottles,
5 and 20 steelmaking slag-coated seeds of Example 1 were sown on the surface of the
soil in the bottle; the same amount of the soil was put into the other plastic bottle,
and 20 iron-coated seeds of Comparative Example 1 were sown on the surface of the
soil in the bottle. Soil covering was not performed on either of the seeds of
Example 1 and Comparative Example l. FIG. 7 shows the results of the 26th day
10 after sowing in the experiments of Example 1 (the upper figure) and Comparative
Example 1 (the lower figure).
[0139]
As shown in FIG. 7, in the case of Example 1, the germination of 19 seeds,
that is, seeds of 95% of all the seeds was observed. On the other hand, in the case
15 of Comparative Example 1, the germination of 18 seeds, that is, seeds of 90% of all
the seeds was observed. From this, it can be said that, in the case where soil
covering is not performed on the seed, the germination rate of the steelmaking slagcoated
seed is equal to or more than the germination rate of the iron-coated seed.
This is presumed to be due to the fact that mineral components dissolved out from
20 the steelmaking slag are composed of, in addition to iron, various kinds of
components such as silicic acid, calcium, manganese, magnesium, and boron, and
consequently special mineral supply effects are exhibited for the seed.
[0140]
Next, the state of roots of the rice plant obtained by germination in a state
25 where soil covering was performed on the coated seed of each of Example 1 and
Comparative Example I was investigated. FIG. 8 shows photographs of rice plants
obtained in the experiments of Example 1 (the upper figure) and Comparative
Example 1 (the lower figure). As shown in FIG. 8, in the case of Example l, the
germination was rapid, and also the elongation of roots was rapid. On the other
30 hand, in the case of Comparative Example 1, the germinate was slow, and also the
elongation of roots was slow.
PCT/JP2016/070993
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[0 141]
Next, steelmaking slag-coated seeds of Example l were scattered on a
paddy field from the air, and the state of the surface of the paddy field after sowing
was investigated. The scattering was performed from a point at an altitude of 5 m
5 using a helicopter for scattering. FIG. 9 shows the state of the surface of the paddy
field after sowing. As shown in FIG. 9, it has been revealed that the scattered
steelmaking slag-coated seeds were sown at a point in the soil approximately 4 em
deep from the soil surface. It has also been revealed that, even after germination,
the steelmaking slag layer did not peel off from the seed but remained adhered to the
10 seed.
[0142)
FIG. 10 shows growth conditions when the cultivation of rice plants was
performed. The upper figure of FIG. 10 is a photograph showing a test zone in
which the cultivation of rice plants using steelmaking slag-coated seeds of the
15 present invention was performed, and the lower figure of FIG. lO is a photograph
showing a practice zone in which the cultivation of rice plants was performed by an
ordinary method (transplanting). As shown in FIG. 10, it can be said that the
method of sowing steelmaking slag-coated seeds by scattering from the air is useful
as a means for preventing the occurrence of damage by birds and floating rice.
20 [0143]
Next, the optimum conditions of seed coating were investigated from the
difference in coating performance due to the difference in particle size distribution.
3 kinds of steelmaking slag with different particle size distributions were prepared,
and the seed coating performance was evaluated by the adhered weight (g/100 seeds).
25 The steelmaking slag used was classified into 3 kinds of the coarse grade, the
medium grade, and the fine grade in accordance with the pulverization method. As
shown in Table 4, the coarse grade includes under-1-mm-sieve products, the medium
grade includes ball-mill-pulverized products, and the fine grade includes mortarpulverized
products of under-sieve products of the medium grade. For the particle
30 size distribution, pa1iicles with particle sizes in the range of more than 0.045 mm
were measured with a low tap sieve shaker, and particles with particle sizes in the
PCT/JP2016/070993
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range of 0.045 mm or less were measured by the laser diffraction scattering method.
The adhered weight was estimated by wetting 100 rice seeds ( unhulled rice) with
water, putting the rice seeds into a beaker, coating the rice seeds with steelmaking
slag while rotating the beaker, performing drying, and weighing the steelmaking
5 slag-coated seeds collected after the drying.
[0144]
[Table 4]
(Table 4)
Coarse e:rade
Medium grade
Fine grade
10 [0145]
Details
Under-1-mm-sieve products of powderv fertilizer
Pulverized with ball mill
Pulverized products of medium grade were further pulverized with mortar
The particle size distribution was measured; the results of the frequency in
particle size ranges are shown in Table 5 and Table 6. In order to adhere the
steelmaking slag powder to the seed without using an additional solidifying agent, it
is preferable that the frequency in the particle size range of 45 [tiD or less be 20% or
15 more. From this point of view and Table 5, the medium grade and the fine grade
are suitable as a coating agent. Further, as shown in Table 6, it has been found that
the particle size distribution is shifted to the small particle size side with transition
from the coarse grade to the medium grade to the fine grade.
[0146]
20 [Table 5]
(Table 5)
Sample name
Coarse grade
Medium grade
fir1e grade
[0147]
[Table 6]
25 (Table 6)
+2mm
0.0
0.0
0.0
-lmm -0.5"mm -0.25mm
0.0 21.3 23.7
1.2 1.5 5.1
0.8 0.9 7.2
Frequency [%]
- -0_15mm -0_10mm -0_075mm -0.045mm -0.045mm
20.9 13.2 6.9 7.0 7.0 --
14_4 13.3 i 2.5 7.7 44.3
16.0 17.9 12_4 5.9 38.9
PCT/JP2016/070993
411100
Sample name
Cumulative frequency Cumulative frequency Cumulative frequency
Measurement method
10% lower limit value Lu m] 50% median value [tJ m] 90% upper limft value [/.I m]
Coarse grade 14.12 33_42 54.97 J!SR1629
Medium grade 5.140 24.17 53.13 Laser dHfraction scattering method
Apparatus: MT3000 manufactured
Fine grade 4.637 22.96 51.67 by Nikkiso Co., Ltd
[0148]
The adhered weight was measured; as shown in Table 7 and FIG. 11, the
result was that the adhered weight was 0.5 g/100 seeds in the coarse grade, 2.3 g/100
5 seeds in the medium grade, and 6.8 g/1 00 seeds in the fine grade, and the adhered
weight increased as the steelmaking slag powder was pulverized more finely. In the
section of evaluation of Table 7, the triangle sign stands for a little poor, the circle
sign for good, and the double circle sign for the best.
[0149]
10 [Table 7]
(Table 7)
Coarse grncle
Medium grade
Fine gr<.lde
[0 150]
Before treatment (g/100
.seeds)
2.8
2.8
2.8
After treatment (g/100 Adhered weight (g/100
Evaluation
seeds) seeds)
3.3 0.5 b,
5.1 2.3 0
9.6 8.8 ©
FIG. 12 shows photographs of steelmaking slag-coated seeds produced with
15 steelmaking slag powder of the coarse grade and the fine grade. As shown in FIG.
12, the steelmaking slag-coated seeds produced with steelmaking slag powder of the
fine grade have formed a plumper external appearance than in the case of the coarse
grade, and it -can be said that the adhered weight increases as the steelmaking slag
powder is pulverized more finely.
20 [0151]
Next, the difference in seed coating performance due to the difference in the
contained amounts of iron and calcium of the steelmaking slag was evaluated by the
adhered weight (g/100 seeds). As the test material for coating the surface of the
seed, varieties of steelmaking slag 1 to 3 of different components, blast furnace slag,
25 iron powder, and iron powder +plaster of Paris of the contained amounts of iron and
calcium shown in Table 8 were used. The varieties of steelmaking slag 1 and 2
PCT/JP2016/070993
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contain the amount of iron and the amount of calcium prescribed in the present
embodiment. In each of the varieties of slag mentioned above, silicic acid, lime,
magnesia, phosphoric acid, manganese, boron, aluminum, carbon, oxygen, etc. are
contained in addition to iron and calcium. Among the test materials mentioned
5 above, the test materials excluding iron powder + plaster of Paris were finely
pulverized witb a mortar, and the particle sizes of the test materials were equalized.
The coating method for the materials other than iron powder + plaster of Paris is the
same as Example 1 described above. The results of measurement of the adhered
weight of the materials are shown in Table 9 and FIG. 13. In the section of
10 evaluation of Table 9, the "X" sign stands for poor, the triangle sign for a little poor,
and the circle sign for good.
15
[0152]
[Table 8]
(Table 8)
Name of test material
Steelmaking slag 1
Steelmaking slag 2
Steelmaking slag 3
Blast furnace slag
Iron powder
Iron powder + plaster of Paris ·
[0153]
[Table 9]
(Table 9)
Contained amount of iron
[mass%]
25
12
8
0
100
90
Name of test material
Before treatment (g/100 After treatment (g/1 00 Specific gravity (each
seeds) seeds) test material)
Steelma~ing slag 1 2.0 '·" LS
Steelmaking slag 2 3.0 <.5 L5
Steelmaking slag 3 3.0 <.0 '' Blast fumace slag '" " u
!ron powder " +-· 3.5 ''
Iron powder+ plaster of Paris 2.8 '·' <.0
20 [0154]
Contained amount of calcium
[mass%]
42
43
39
42
0
3
Adhered weight (g/1 00 Adhered volume
seeds) (cm'/100 seeds)
Evaluation
L9 LOG 0
L5 1.00 0
LO 0.71
0.2 0.15
o.• 0.02
3.3 0.83 0
Iron powder + plaster of Paris was used for seed coating as it was without
PCT/JP2016/070993
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fine pulverization. For iron powder + plaster of Paris, 10 parts by weight of iron
powder and 1 part by weight of plaster of Paris relative to 100 parts by weight of
seeds wetted with water were added and mixed, and the surface of the seed was
coated using the mixture mentioned above; further, 24 hours later, plaster of Paris
5 was added at a ratio of 0.5 parts by weight while being wetted again with a sprayer,
and thereby the surface of the iron powder + plaster of Paris layer was coated; thus,
coated seeds were obtained.
[0155]
As shown in Table 9 and FIG. 13, the adhered weight per 100 seeds was
10 larger in the conventional method (iron powder + plaster of Paris) than in
steehnaking slag 1 and steelmaking slag 2; but in terms of the adhered volume per
100 g, steelmaking slag 1 and steelmaking slag 2 were superior to the conventional
method (iron powder+ plaster of Paris). Steelmaking slag 3, blast furnace slag, and
iron powder were inferior to iron powder + plaster of Paris in both adhered weight
15 and adhered volume.
[0156]
From these, it can be said that, as compared to the case of iron powder +
plaster of Paris, steelmaking slag I and steelmaking slag 2, although the adhered
weight is small, have good efficiency of adhesion to the surface of the seed when the
20 specific gravity is taken into account, and were able to be uniformly adhered over a
wide range of the surface of the seed even when only a small amount was used. On
the other hand, it can be said that, for iron powder + plaster of Paris, although the
adhered weight is largest, the adhered volume is small and the efficiency of adhesion
to the surface of the seed is not good when the specific gravity is taken into account.
25 [0157]
As shown in FIG. 14, the uniformity of the adhesion of the steelmaking slag
powder to the seed varied with the kind of slag, that is, the contained amounts of iron
and calcium. Steelmaking slag 1, steelmaking slag 2, and iron + plaster of Paris
adhered to the seed almost uniformly. However, steelmaking slag 3 adhered to only
30 part of the seed. Further, blast furnace slag alone and iron powder alone hardly
adhered to the seed.
PCT/JP20 16/070993
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[0158)
Next, Examples corresponding to the second embodiment of the present
invention are described, along with Comparative Examples. However, the technical
5 scope of the present embodiment is not limited to Examples described below. In the
following, "the steelmaking slag-coated seed" is also referred to as a "covered rice
seed. 11
10
[0159)
[Test Example 1]
Using 9 kinds of slag of the composition show.n in Table 10, sieved-out
particles adjusted to a maximum particle size of less than 600 rtm were prepared.
Samples A, C, D, E, and F are steelmaking slag obtained from a converter of a steel
process. Sample B is steelmaking slag obtained from a molten iron preliminary
treatment process. Sample G is dephosphorization slag, and sample H is
15 decarburization slag. Sample I is a preparation in which 50 mass% sample G and
50 mass% sample H are mixed together.
[0160)
All of the compositions of 5 kinds of steehnaking slag of sample A to
sample E among these samples were a composition in which the contained amount of
20 CaO was 25 mass% or more and 50 mass% or less and the contained amount of Si02
was 8 mass% or more and 30 mass% or less. The compositions of the 5 kinds of
steelmaking slag of sample A to sample E further satisfied a composition in which
the contained amount of MgO was l mass% or more and 20 mass% or less, the
contained amount of Ah03 was l mass% or more and 25 mass% or less, the
25 contained amount of Fe was 5 mass% or more and 35 mass% or less, the contained
amount ofMn was l mass% or more and 8 mass% or less, and the contained amount
ofP20 5 was 0.1 mass% or more and 5 mass% or less.
[0 161)
On the other hand, sample F contains 55% CaO and IS neither
30 dephosphorization slag nor decarburization slag, and is therefore a sample of
steelmaking slag outside the range of the present embodiment.
PCT/JP2016/070993
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[0162]
Sample G contains 35.0% Si02 and does not fall under the composition of
steelmaking slag mentioned above, but is dephosphorization slag and is a sample
within the range of the present embodiment. Sample H is decarburization slag and
5 is a sample within the range of tbe present embodiment. Sample I is a mixture of
dephosphorization slag and decarburization slag and is a sample within the range of
the present embodiment.
10
[0163]
[Table 10]
(Table 1 0) -- Sample A
Sample B
Sample C
SampleD
Sample E
Sample F
Sample G
Sample H
Sample I
[0164]
Composition of 9 kinds of slag (mass%)
CaO Si02 MgO Al 20 3
30.7 17.5 16.5 16.5
36.8 17.5 1.7 1.6
43.7 12.5 5.6 4.4
27.1 17.7 15.0 21.0
40.9 13.0 8.4 2.1
55.0 15.6 6.3 3.8
38.2 35.0 3.3 4.7
39.5 8.5 2.8 5.6
38.9 21.8 3.1 5.2
Fe Mn P20 5
6.2 1.2 0.17
30.6 1.6 2.00
17.7 3.5 1.88
9.0 1.2 0.14
19.1 3.0 2.82
10.3 2.3 1.45
9.4 2.0 1.23
15.1 2.1 1.47
12.3 2.1 1.35
Water was added to each of the 9 kinds of samples with a sieved particle
size adjusted to less than 600 11m so that the mass ratio of water in the mixture of
each sample and water might be 30%, and mixing was performed. A rice seed
15 (variety: "Fusakogane") -was put into the mixture of each sample and water and
mixing was performed, and the rice seed was covered with the sample mentioned
above. The mass of each sample used for covering was equivalent to 0.6 on the
assumption that the mass of the rice seed is 1. The covered rice seed was air-dried
for 3 hours in a well-ventilated state. Thus, a rice seed covered with each of the rice
20 seed coating materials mentioned above was produced. The surface of the produced
rice seed was entirely covered with the sample mentioned above.
[0165]
A sodium chloride aqueous solution (specific gravity: 1.4) was prepared,
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and it was investigated whether the rice seed covered with each of the 9 kinds of slag
mentioned above and a not -covered rice seed settled or not. As shown in the results
of Table 11, the not-covered rice seed did not settle, whereas the rice seed covered
with each of the varieties of slag of sample A to sample I settled. Thus, it has been
5 found that the settleability of the rice seed is increased by covering the rice seed with
various kinds of slag like those mentioned above.
[0166]
[Table 11]
10 [0167]
[Test Example 2]
A piece of circular filter paper (diameter: 11 em) was laid over a plastic
laboratory dish with a diameter of 11 em. Distilled water was added, and the piece
of filter paper was shallowly immersed in the distilled water. 25 rice seeds that
15 were covered with each of the 9 kinds of slag of the composition shown in Table 10
by a similar method to Test Example 1 were put on the piece of filter paper shallowly
immersed in the distilled water that was put in a laboratory dish different from
sample to sample. As a control, a laboratory dish was prepared also for not-covered
rice seeds that were not covered with steelmaking slag, and similarly 25 seeds were
20 put on a piece of filter paper shallowly immersed in distilled water. Each laboratory
dish was placed into a constant temperature oven of 30°C in a state where an upper
cover was laid on the ·laboratory dish, and a germination test was performed. On
the 7th day, the number of genninated seeds was measured for the laboratory dish of
each sample, and the germination rate was calculated. For the germinated seed, the
25 length of the radicle and the seedling was measured.
[0168]
Table 12 below shows the results of the number of germinated seeds and the
germination rate.
[0169]
30 [Table 12]
PCT/JP2016/070993
(Ta' 12}
Number of germinated seeds
(seeds)
Germination rate
(%)
[0 170]
47/100
Number of erminated seeds and ermination rote
Sample D- Sample E- Sample F- Sample G- Sample Hcovered
Sample I
Not-covered Sample A- Sample B- Sample Cseed
covered seed covered seed covered seed covered seed covered seed covered seed covered seed covered seed
seed
21 19 22 " " 21
84 76 88 80 88 84
Although steelmaking slag is a material exhibiting alkalinity around a pH of
11, the rice seeds covered with each of sample A to sample E within the range of the
5 present embodiment have a ge1mination rate around 80%, similarly to the notcovered
rice seeds; and it has been found that the rice seeds covered with the
steelmaking slag coating material within the range of the present embodiment have a
germination rate at approximately the same level as the not-covered rice seeds of a
control. On the other hand, in sample F, since it is steelmaking slag having strong
10 alkalinity in which the contained amount of CaO is as high as 55%, the germination
rate was 60%, which was lower than the germination rate of the not-covered rice
seeds. In sample G, which is dephosphorization slag, sample H, which is
decarburization slag, and sample I, which was prepared by miXIng both
dephosphorization slag and decarburization slag, the germination rate was 84%,
15 which was equal to the germination rate of the not-covered rice seeds.
[0171]
FIG. 15 shows the average value of the measurement results of the lengths
of the germinated radicles of the seeds covered with each sample and the not -covered
seeds serving as a control, by comparison on a graph. FIG. 15 shows also the
20 standard deviation.
[0172]
FIG. 16 shows the average value of the measurement results of the lengths
of the germinated seedlings of the seeds covered with each sample and the notcovered
seeds serving as a control, by comparison on a graph. FIG. 16 shows also
25 the standard deviation.
[0173]
As shown in the results of FIG. 15 and FIG. 16, in the seeds covered with 5
kinds of slag of sample A to sample E within the range of the present embodiment,
both the growth of the radicle and the growth of the seedling after germination were
PCT/JP2016/070993
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more promoted than in the not-covered seeds of a control. In the rice seeds covered
with sample G, which is dephosphorization slag, sample H, which is decarburization
slag, and sample I prepared by mixing both dephosphorization slag and
decarburization slag, both the growth of the radicle and the growth of the seedling
5 after germination were more promoted than in the not-covered rice seeds of a control.
On the other hand, in the rice seeds covered with sample F in which the contained
amount of CaO is as high as 55%, both the growth of the radicle and the growth of
the seedling were suppressed as compared to the rice seeds covered with sample A to
sample E, sample G, sample H, and sample I. However, both the growth of the
10 radicle and the growth of the seedling were more promoted than in the not-covered
rice seeds.
[0174]
Thus, it has been found that the germination rate of the rice seeds covered
with steelmaking slag of a composition in which the contained amount of CaO is 25
15 mass% or more and 50 mass% or less, the contained amount of Si02 is 10 mass% or
more and 30 mass% or less, the contained amount of MgO is 1 mass% or more and
20 mass% or less, the contained amount of Ah03 is 1 mass% or more and 25 mass%
or less, the contained amount of Fe is 5 mass% or more and 35 mass% or less, the
contained amount of Mn is 1 mass% or more and 8 mass% or less, and the contained
20 amount of P205 is 0.1 mass% or more and 5 mass% or less is substantially equal to
the germination rate of the not-covered seeds of a control, and the growth of roots
and the seedling after germination can be promoted as compared to the not-covered
rice seeds. It has also been found that the germination rate of the rice seeds covered
with dephosphorization slag, decarburization slag, and a mixture of both
25 dephosphorization slag and decarburization slag is substantially equal to the
germination rate of the not-covered rice seeds of a control, and the growth of roots
and the seedling after germination can be promoted.
[0175]
[Test Example 3]
30 A piece of circular filter paper (diameter: ll ern) was laid over a plastic
laboratory dish with a diameter of 11 em. Distilled water was added, and the piece
PCT/JP2016/070993
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of filter paper was shallowly immersed in the distilled water. 25 rice seeds covered
with sample B with a maximum particle size of 600 11m having the composition
shown in Table 10 and 25 rice seeds covered with powder of pure iron with a
maximum particle size of 600 11m likewise were put individually on the pieces of
5 filter paper shallowly immersed in the distilled water in different laboratory dishes.
As a control, a laboratory dish was prepared also for not-covered rice seeds that were
not covered with steelmaking slag, and similarly 25 seeds were put on a piece of
filter paper shallowly immersed in distilled water. Each laboratory dish was placed
into a constant temperature oven of 3 0°C in a state where an upper cover was laid on
10 the laboratory dish, and a germination test was performed. On the 7th day, the
number of germinated seeds was measured for the laboratory dish of each sample,
and the germination rate was calculated. For the germinated seed, the length of the
radicle and the seedling was measured.
15
[0176]
Table 13 below shows the results of the number of germinated seeds and the
germination rate.
[0177]
[Table 13]
(T a bl e 13)
Number of
germinated seeds
(seeds)
Germination rate
(%)
N um be r of germmate d see ds an d germ1natlo n rate
Not-covered Sample B- Iron powderseed
covered seed covered seed
21 22 20
84 88 80
20 [0178]
25
The rice seeds covered with sample B within the range of the present
embodiment had a higher germination rate than the not -covered seeds and the iron
powder-covered seeds.
[0179]
FIG. 17 shows the average value of the measurement results of the lengths
of the germinated radicles, by comparison on a graph. FIG. 17 shows also the
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standard deviation.
[0 180]
FIG. 18 shows the average value of the measurement results of the lengths
of the germinated seedlings, by comparison on a graph. FIG. 18 shows also the
5 standard deviation.
[0181]
As shown in the results of FIG. 17 and FIG. 18, in the seeds covered with
sample B within the range of the present embodiment, both the growth of the radicle
and the growth of the seedling after germination were more promoted than in the not-
10 covered seeds and the iron powder-covered seeds.
[0182]
Thus, it has been found that, by covering the rice seed with steelmaking slag
of a composition in which the contained amount of CaO is 25 mass% or more and 50
mass% or less, the contained amount of Si02 is 10 mass% or more and 30 mass% or
15 less, the contained amount of MgO is 1 mass% or more and 20 mass% or less, the
contained amount of Ah03 is 1 mass% or more and 25 mass% or less, the contained
amount of Fe is 5 mass% or more and 35 mass% or less, the contained amount ofMn
is l mass% or more and 8 mass% or less, and the contained amount of P20 5 is 0.1
mass% or more and 5 mass% or less, a steelmaking slag-coated seed with good
20 growth is obtained less expensively than by covering the rice seed with iron powder.
[0183]
[Test Example 4] (comparison to iron powder)
A piece ·of circular filter paper (diameter: 11 em) was laid over a plastic
laboratory dish with a diameter of 11 em. Distilled water was added, and the piece
25 of filter paper was shallowly immersed in the distilled water. 25 rice seeds that
were covered with steelmaking slag sample C with a maximum particle size of 600
J.lm having the composition shown in Table 10 by the method described in Test
Example 1 and 25 rice seeds covered with powder of pure iron with a maximum
particle size of 600 J.lm likewise were put individually on the pieces of filter paper
30 shallowly immersed in the distilled water in different laboratory dishes. As a
control, a laboratory dish was prepared also for not -covered rice seeds that were not
PCT/JP2016/070993
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covered with steelmaking slag, and similarly 20 seeds were put on a piece of filter
paper shallowly immersed in distilled water. Each laboratory dish was placed into a
constant temperature oven of 30°C in a state where an upper cover was laid on the
laboratory dish, and a germination test was performed. On the 7th day, the number
5 of germinated seeds was measured for the laboratory dish of each sample, and the
germination rate was calculated. For the germinated seed, the length of the radicle
was measured.
[0184]
Table 14 below shows the results of the number of germinated seeds and the
10 germination rate.
15
20
[0 185]
[Table 14]
(T a bl e 14)
·.. . ..
Number of
germinated seeds
(seeds)
Germination rate
(%)
[0186]
N urn be r of e:erm.m a t e d see d s an d germm· af 10 nrate
Not-covered Sample C- Iron powderseed
covered seed covered seed
18 18 17
90 90 85
The rice seeds covered with steelmaking slag sample C within the range of
the present embodiment had a germination rate substantially equal to the germination
rate of the not -covered seeds, and had a germination rate higher than the germination
rate of the iron powder-covered seeds.
[0 187]
FIG. 19 shows the average value of the measurement results of the lengths
of the germinated radicles, by comparison on a graph.
[0 188]
The seeds covered with steelmaking slag sample C within the range of the
present emhodiment exhibited a growth of the radicle substantially equal to that of
25 the not -covered seeds. On the other hand, in the iron powder-covered seeds, the
growth of the radicle after germination was significantly poor.
PCT/JP2016/070993
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[0189]
The pH of the water left in the laboratory dish was investigated; the water of
the laboratory dish of the not-covered seeds had a pH of 5.8, and the water of the
laboratory dish of the rice seeds covered with sample C had a pH of 8.0; on the other
5 hand, the water of the laboratory dish of the iron powder-covered seeds had a pH of
4.0 and was acidified. It is presumed that iron was dissolved to form iron hydroxide
and was thereby acidified, and the acidified condition inhibited the growth of the
radicle after germination of the iron powder-covered seed.
10
[0190]
Thus, it has been found that, by covering the rice seed with steelmaking slag
of a composition in which the contained amount of CaO is 25 mass% or more and 50
mass% or less, the contained amount of Si02 is 10 mass% or more and 30 mass% or
less, the contained amount of MgO is 1 mass% or more and 20 mass% or less, the
contained amount of Ah03 is I mass% or more and 25 mass% or less, the contained
15 amount of Fe is 5 mass% or more and 35 mass% or less, the contained amount ofMn
is 1 mass% or more and 8 mass% or less, and the contained amount of P20 5 is 0.1
mass% or more and 5 mass% or less, a steelmaking slag-coated seed with good
growth is obtained less expensively than by covering the rice seed with iron powder.
It has also been revealed that, in the iron powder-covered seed, acidification in
20 association with iron hydroxide formation inhibits the growth of the radicle,
depending on conditions.
[0191]
[Test Example 5J{!ong-term storage)
Rice seeds that were covered with steelmaking slag sample C with a
25 maximum particle size of 600 flm having the composition shown in Table 10 by the
method described in Test Example 1 and not-covered rice seeds of a control were
stored in a dark place at room temperature. The germination rates of steelmaking
slag-coated seeds covered with sample C after drying at room temperature for 3
hours (0 days) and steelmaking slag-coated seeds stored for I month, 2 months, 3
30 months, 4 months, 5 months, and 6 months were investigated. For comparison, also
the germination rates of not -covered rice seeds stored in the same environments were
PCT/JP2016/070993
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investigated. The investigation of the germination rate is based on the following
method.
[0192]
A germination test was performed at the time point when each of the storage
5 periods of 0 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, and 6 months
has elapsed.
[0193)
A piece of circular filter paper (diameter: 11 em) was laid over a plastic
laboratory dish with a diameter of II em. Distilled water was added, and the piece
10 of filter paper was shallowly immersed in the distilled water. 20 steelmaking slagcoated
seeds were put on the piece of filter paper shallowly immersed in the distilled
water. As a control, a laboratory dish was prepared also for not-covered rice seeds
that were not covered with steelmaking slag, and similarly 20 seeds were put on a
piece of filter paper shallowly immersed in distilled water. Each laboratory dish
15 was placed into a constant temperature oven of 30°C in a state where an upper cover
was laid on the laboratory dish, and a germination test was performed. On the 7th
day, the number of germinated seeds was measured for the laboratory dish of each
sample, and the germination rate was calculated.
20
[0194]
FIG. 20 shows the results of the stored period and the germination rate.
[0195]
Although steelmaking slag sample C is alkaline, the results of the
germination test have revealed that the rice seed covered with sample C can
genninate well even after it is stored for 6 months. Thus, the steelmaking slag-
25 coated seed according to the present embodiment can be stored for a long period.
[0196]
[Test Example 6) (starch treatment)
40 Koshihikari seeds were soaked for I 0 minutes in a liquid in which starch
was suspended in water to set the concentration to 50 mass%. The seeds were
30 extracted from the starch suspension; the seeds were stirred in a suspension of
sample C in which steelmaking slag sample C described in Test Example l was
PCT/JP2016/070993
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suspended at 66 mass% in water, and thus the seeds were covered with sample C;
and the covered seeds were extracted, and were dried at room temperature for 24
hours. As a control, also 40 rice seeds that were not soaked in a suspension of
starch were stirred in a suspension of sample C in which steelmaking slag sample C
5 described in Test Example 1 was suspended at 66 mass% in water, and thus seeds on
which starch treatment was not performed were prepared.
[0197]
The average value of the mass per seed of the starch-treated seeds covered
with sample C and the not-starch-treated seeds covered with sample C, and the
10 average value of the mass per seed of not-covered seeds are shown in Table 15 below.
Further, the mass of the not -covered seed was subtracted from the mass of the rice
seed covered with sample C to calculate the mass of the covering substance, and the
results are shown in Table 15 as well. Also the ratio of the mass of the covering
substance to the mass of the not-covered seed is shown.
15 [0198]
[Table 15]
Table15 Mass of rice seed-and mass of covering substance per rice seed
----------
------------ - Starch-treated rice seed Not-starch-treated rice ---- ---- --------- -- Not-covered rice seed - covered with sample C seed covered with sample C ------
Mass of rice seed 0.0567 0.0422 0.0283 (g)
Mass of covering
substance 0.0284 O.o139 -
(g)
Mass of covering
substance/ 1.00 0.49 -
Mass of not-covered seed
[0199]
In the not-starch-treated seed, the ratio of the mass of the covering substance
20 to the mass of the not-covered seed was 0.49, whereas in the starch-treated seed, the
ratio of the mass of the covering substance to the mass of the not-covered seed was
increased to 1, and the adhered amount of the covering substance was able to be
increased.
[0200]
25 20 starch-treated rice seeds covered with sample C and 20 not-stmch-treated
PCT/JP2016/070993
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rice seeds covered with sample C that were produced by being covered with sample
C and then dried at room temperature for 24 hours were naturally dropped once onto
an iron plate from a position at a height of 20 em. The rice seeds dropped on the
iron plate were collected, and the mass was measured to investigate the mass of the
5 covering substance per seed after dropping; the results (average value) are shown in
Table 16 below.
[0201)
Further, the ratio of the mass of the covering substance after dropping to the
mass of the covering substance before dropping was calculated, and the results are
10 shown in Table 16 below as well.
15
[0202)
[Table 16)
(Ta bl e 16)
---
Mass of covering substance
after dropping
(g)
Mass of covering substance
after dropping/
Mass of covering substance
before dropping
[0203)
Effe ct on mass o f covenng su b stance bby dr opp1ng onto 1ro n plate
Starch-treated rice seed Not-starch-treated rice
covered with sample C seed covered with sample C
0.0262 0.0083
0.92 0.60
The ratio of the mass of the covering substance after dropping to the mass of
the covering substance before dropping was a larger value in the case where starch
treatment was performed than in the case where starch treatment was not performed.
Thus, it has been found that, by starch treatment, the fixability of the covering
substance was increased, and the covering substance became less likely to peel off.
20 [0204)
A germination test was performed usmg covered nee seeds that were
covered with sample C and then dried at room temperature for 24 hours. A piece of
circular filter paper (diameter: 11 em) was laid over a plastic laboratory dish with a
diameter of ll em. Distilled water was added, and the piece of filter paper was
25 shallowly immersed in the distilled water. 20 starch-treated covered rice seeds and
PCT/JP2016/070993
561100
20 not-starch-treated covered rice seeds were put individually on the pieces of filter
paper shallowly immersed in the distilled water. As a control, a laboratory dish was
prepared also for not-covered rice seeds that were not covered with steelmaking slag,
and similarly 20 seeds were put on a piece of filter paper shallowly immersed in
5 distilled water. Each laboratory dish was placed into a constant temperature oven of
30°C in a state where an upper cover was laid on the laboratory dish, and a
germination test was performed. On the 7th day, the number of germinated seeds
was measured for the laboratory dish of each sample, and the germination rate was
calculated. A germination test was similarly performed using the not-covered rice
10 seeds as a control. Table 17 below is the results of the germination rate.
15
[0205]
[Table 17]
(Ta bl e 17)
.
~ ..
Germination rate
(%)
[0206]
Re su Its ofgerrnmatlon rate
Starch-treated rice seed Not-starch-treated rice
Not-covered rice seed
covered with sample C seed covered with sample C
85 85 85
The starch-treated covered rice seeds showed a high germination rate
substantially equal to the germination rates of the not-starch-treated covered rice
seeds and the not-covered rice seeds.
[0207]
Thus, it has been revealed that, by covering a starch-treated rice seed with
20 steelmaking slag, tbe mass ·of the covering substance can be increased, and yet the
germination rate can be kept at a high value.
[0208]
[Test Example 7] (gypsum outer covering)
80 Koshihikari seeds were stirred in a suspension of sample C in which
25 steelmaking slag san1ple C described in Test Example 1 was suspended at 66 mass%
in water, and thus the seeds were covered with sample C; and the covered seeds were
extracted, and were dried at room temperature for 24 hours. Of the 80 seeds
covered with sample C, 40 seeds were further subjected to outer covering with
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gypsum. The outer covering with gypsum was performed in the following manner.
[0209]
40 seeds covered with sample C were soaked in a suspension of gypsum in
which hemihydrate gypsum was suspended at 30 mass% in water, were quickly
5 extracted, and were dried at room temperature for 24 hours; thus, 40 seeds in which
the outside of the covering of sample C was further outer-covered with gypsum were
produced.
[0210]
Table 18 below shows the average mass per seed of the rice seeds covered
10 only with sample C, the rice seeds covered with sample C and further covered with
gypsum on the outside, and not -covered rice seeds. Further, the mass of the notcovered
seed was subtracted from the mass of the covered rice seed to calculate the
mass of the covering substance, and the results are shown in Table 18 as well. Also
the ratio of the mass of the covering substance to the mass of the not -covered seed is
15 shown.
20
[0211]
[Table 18]
Table 18
•.
Mass of rice seed
(g)
Mass of covering
substance
(g)
Mass of covering
substance/
Mass of not-covered seed
[0212]
Mass of rice seed and mass of covering substance per rice seed
Rice seed covered with
Rice seed covered only with sample C and further
Not-covered rice seed
sample C covered with gypsum on
outside
0.0428 0.0536 0.0278
0.0150 0.0258 -
0.54 0.93 -
In the seed covered only with sample C, the ratio of the mass of the
covering substance to the mass of the not-covered seed was 0.54, whereas in the seed
covered with sample C and further covered with gypsum on the outside, the ratio of
the mass of the covering substance to the mass of the not-covered seed was 0.93;
thus, the adhered amount was able to be increased by being covered with sample C
25 and then further covered with gypsum from the outside.
PCT/JP2016/070993
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[0213]
20 rice seeds covered with sample C and 20 rice seeds covered with sample
C and further covered with gypsum on the outside were naturally dropped once onto
an iron plate from a position at a height of 20 em. The rice seeds dropped on the
5 iron plate were collected, and the mass was measured to investigate the mass of the
covering substance per seed after dropping; the results (average value) are shown in
Table 19 below.
[0214]
Further, the ratio of the mass of the covering substance after dropping to the
10 mass of the covering substance before dropping was calculated, and the results are
shown in Table 19 below as well.
[0215]
[Table 19]
(Table 19)
~
Mass of covering substance
after dropping
(g)
Mass of covering substance
after dropping/
Mass of covering substance
before dropping
15 [0216]
Effect on mass of coverinP substance bv drooninrr onto iro n plate
Rice seed covered with
Rice seed covered only with sample C and further
sample C covered with gypsum on
outside
0.01 0.0243
0.67 0.94
The ratio of the mass of the covering substance after dropping to the mass of
the covering ·substance before dropping was a larger value in the case of being
covered with sample C and further covered with gypsum on the outside than in the
case of being covered only with sample C. Thus, it has been found that, by being
20 covered steelmaking slag and further covered with gypsum on the outside, the
adhesiveness of the covering substance was increased, and the covering substance
became less likely to peel off.
[0217]
20 rice seeds covered only with sample C and 20 rice seeds covered with
25 sample C and then further covered with gypsum on the outside were used for a
PCT/JP2016/070993
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germination test. A piece of circular filter paper (diameter: 11 em) was laid over a
plastic laboratory dish with a diameter of 11 em. Distilled water was added, and the
piece of filter paper was shallowly immersed in the distilled water. 20 rice seeds
covered only with sample C and 20 rice seeds covered with sample C and then
5 further covered with gypsum on the outside were put individually on the pieces of
filter paper shallowly immersed in the distilled water. Each laboratory dish was
placed into a constant temperature oven of 30°C in a state where an upper cover was
laid on the laboratory dish, and a germination test was perfonned. On the 7th day,
the number of germinated seeds was measured for the laboratory dish of each sample,
10 and the germination rate was calculated. Table 20 below is the results of the
germination rate.
[0218]
[Table 20]
(Ta bl e 20)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Germination rate
(%)
Re su ts o f germination rate
Rice seed covered with
Rice seed covered only with sample C and further
sample C covered with gypsum on
outside
85 85
15 [0219]
20
The rice seeds covered with sample C and then covered with gypsum on the
outside showed a high germination rate of 80% or more, which was substantially
equal to the germination rate of the rice seeds covered only with sample C.
[0220]
Thus, it has been revealed that, when a rice seed is covered with
steelmaking slag and then covered with gypsum on the outside, the mass per seed of
the steelmaking slag -coated seed can be increased, and yet the germination rate can
be kept high.
[0221]
25 [Test Example 8] (use of gypsum as additive)
Steelmaking slag sample C described in Test Example 1 and materials in
PCT/JP2016/070993
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which gypsum was added to sample Cat mass ratios of 90%:10%, 80%:20%, and
50%:50% were prepared. Each sample was suspended in water so that the ratio, to
water, of sample C or each of the materials in which gypsum was added to sample C
might be 66 mass%, 40 Koshihikari seeds were put into the suspension and stirred,
5 and the seeds were extracted and dried at room temperature for 24 hours; thus, rice
seeds covered with sample C or each of the materials in which gypsum was added to
sample C at different ratios were produced.
[0222]
Table 21 below shows the average mass per seed of the rice seeds covered
10 with sample C and each of the materials in which gypsum was added to sample Cat
mass ratios of90%:10%, 80%:20%, and 50%:50%. Also the average mass per seed
of not-covered rice seeds is shown. Further, the mass of the not-covered seed was
subtracted from the mass of the covered rice seed to calculate the mass of the
covering substance, and the results are shown in Table 21 as welL Also the ratio of
15 the mass of the covering substance to the mass of the not-covered seed is shown.
[0223]
[Table 21]
0
N
.N. . ~
(Table 21)
-------- ----------------------
Mass of rice seed
(g)
Mass of covering
substance
(g)
Mass of covering
substance/
Mass of not-covered seed
MIVI d'>'> Ufl IIVt:: ::;t;:t;:dU adiniUd 111<:1'>'> VI VUVt:fl!l ::iUbU l>ldflL'tl tH rto..;t: :;;o::o::du
Rice seed covered only with Sample C 90% + gypsum 1 0% Sample C 80% + gypsum 20%
sample C covering covering
0.0417 0.0423 0.0410
0.0137 0.0143 0.0130
0.49 0.51 0.46
Sample C 50% + gypsum 50%
Not-covered rice seed
covering
0.0405 0.0280
0.0125 -
0.45 -
0, --~ 0
0
>-r::J
0
~ N
0
>-'
a>
.0..,
0 ""w""
PCT/JP2016/070993
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In the seed covered only with sample C, the ratio of the mass of the
covering substance to the mass of the not-covered seed was 0.49; and also in the seed
covered with each of the materials in which gypsum was added to sample C at mass
ratios of 90%:10%, 80%:20%, and 50%:50%, the ratio of the mass of the covering
5 substance to the mass of the not -covered seed was almost the same value. Thus, it
can be seen that a rice seed can be covered also when each of the materials in which
gypsum is added to sample Cat mass ratios of90%:10%, 80%:20%, and 50%:50% is
used, like in the case of sample C.
10
(0225]
20 rice seeds covered with sample C and 20 rice seeds covered with each of
the materials in which gypsum was added to sample C at mass ratios of 90%:10%,
80%:20%, and 50%:50% were naturally dropped once onto an iron plate from a
position at a height of 20 em. The seeds dropped on the iron plate were collected,
and the mass was measured to investigate the mass of the covering substance after
15 dropping; and the ratio of the mass of the covering substance after dropping to the
mass of the covering substance before dropping was calculated; the results are shown
in Table 22 below.
[0226]
[Table 22]
PCT/JP20 16/070993
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E
0
w
~
'" ~ c
+ ·c ru "co' "0 ' >0 0 ""''
~ 0 0 0
0"' 0
0
ru~
0.
E
m
"0 ' "' E
0
w
~ '" ~ + ·cc "co' co
ru 0 "'! "0 ' >0 C> 0
00 0 0
0
ru ru
~ 0. -1: E
m c
.~ "' .B
0
~
c E 0 0
~ w
~
·~ '" ~ "' + .§ e ru 0" ' r- 2 "0 ' >0 C> "0 '
m 0 0
ru 0
0 c ru
!l 0.
w E
~ m
0 ; "~' ·cc "•'
ru ~ > c 0
0 0
~ ~0 0
0 ru ww >r' ur~-u "0 ' ""''! m o E 0 0
E 0 mw 0
c ~
0 ru
ru
~ w
0 ru ru
iii 0
iX
M ..._ ~ c c~ ~ bn1
'i'i
~ 'i'i ~
c 0 ~ ·§ e c '
-~ {5 ·;::: -u
ru~ ru
> ' > ' > ru
0 ru o ru 0 '
0 <:: '!;j1 0 ~ o.B
~ ·- 't~ ~ ru
0 ru 0~
o; w 0 w ru w ru
w c w 0 w 0 "' • !l • c c
~ "' w "' !!~ ~•
~ w w
0 ~ ~
w 0 0 w w
[0227]
The ratio of the mass of the covering substance after dropping to the mass of
the covering substance before dropping was almost the same value between the case
5 of being covered only with sample C and the case of being covered with each of the
materials in which gypsum was added to sample C at mass ratios of 90%:10%,
80%:20%, and 50%:50%; thus, it has been found that a rice seed can be covered with
a material in which gypsum is added to steelmaking slag.
PCT/JP2016/070993
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[0228]
Drying was performed for 24 hours and it was checked that the entire
covering substance was sufficiently solidified, and then a germination test was
performed. A piece of circular filter paper (diameter: 11 em) was laid over a plastic
5 laboratory dish with a diameter of 11 em. Distilled water was added, and the piece
of filter paper was shallowly immersed in the distilled water. 20 rice seeds covered
only with sample C and 20 rice seeds covered with each of the materials in which
gypsum was added to sample C were put individually on the pieces of filter paper
shallowly immersed in the distilled water. Each laboratory dish was placed into a
10 constant temperature oven of 3 0°C in a state where an upper cover was laid on the
laboratory dish, and a germination test was performed. On the 7th day, the number
of germinated seeds was measured for the laboratory dish of each sample, and the
germination rate was calculated. In addition to the germination test using the notstarch-
treated rice seeds, also a germination test nsing rice seeds that were treated
15 with starch by the method described in Test Example 6 was similarly performed for
companson. Table 23 below is the results of the germination rate.
[0229]
[Table 23]
65/100
[0230]
E
0
u"
Gi1" + ·;::
~ ~
0 0
~ 0
0#
0
"u ~
E
Sl
0
00
0
00
"00'
PCT/JP2016/070993
0
"'
0
00
"00'
"00'
g~--~1-----+----~
i
c
:•8 .§c
! 0
,13
0 "
~ ·cc
~
0
0
0 z
"00' "00'
&~--~,~---+----~
0
0 ·c
In the case of being covered only with sample C and in the cases where the
ratio at which gypsum was added to sample C was up to 80%:20%, the germination
PCT/JP2016/070993
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rate was 80% or more, which was a high germination rate like in the not-covered
seeds, in both the not-starch-treated rice seeds and the starch-treated rice seeds. On
the other hand, the germination rate of the seeds covered with the material in which
the ratio at which gypsum was added to sample C was 50%:50% was 40% and 50%,
5 which were low. Thus, it is presumed that the upper limit of the ratio at which
gypsum is added to steelmaking slag on the occasion when a material in which
gypsum is added to steelmaking slag is used for the covering of a seed is
appropriately 20%.
[0231]
10 [Test Example 9] (use of iron powder as additive)
Steelmaking slag sample C described in Test Example l, materials in which
iron powder was added to sample C at mass ratios of 80%:20%, 50%:50%, and
20%:80%, and iron powder were prepared. Sample C, each of the materials in
which iron powder was added to sample C, or iron powder was suspended in water
15 so that the ratio to water might be 66 mass%, 20 Koshihikari seeds were put into the
suspension and stirred, and the seeds were extracted and dried at room temperature
for 24 hours; thus, rice seeds covered only with sample C, rice seeds covered with
each of the materials in which iron powder was added to sample C, and rice seeds
covered only with iron powder were produced. Further, 20 Koshihikari seeds were
20 soaked for 10 minutes in a liquid in which starch was suspended in water so that the
concentration might be 50 mass%, and then the seeds were extracted from the starch
suspension; also the extracted 20 Koshihikari seeds were similarly put into a
suspension of sample C, a suspension of each of the materials in which iron powder
was added to sample C, or a suspension of iron powder and stirred, and the seeds
25 were extracted and dried at room temperature for 24 hours; thus, starch-treated rice
seeds covered with sample C, starch-treated rice seed covered with each of the
materials in which iron powder was added to sample C, and starch-treated rice seeds
covered with iron powder were produced.
30
[0232]
Table 24 below shows the average mass per seed of the not-starch-treated
rice seeds covered with sample C, the not-starch-treated rice seeds covered with each
PCT/JP2016/070993
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of the materials in which iron powder was added to sample C at mass ratios of
80%:20%, 50%:50%, and 20%:80%, and the not-starch-treated rice seeds covered
with iron powder. Also the average mass per seed of not -covered rice seeds is
shown as well. Further, the mass of the not-covered seed was subtracted from the
5 mass of the covered rice seed to calculate the mass of the covering substance, and the
results are shown in Table 24 as well. Also the ratio of the mass of the covering
substance to the mass of the not -covered seed is shown.
[0233]
[Table 24]
~
0
N "-'"' ~
(T,bl, 24)
-------------------------
Mass of rice seed
(g)
Mass of covering
substance
(g)
Mass of covering
substance/
Mass of not-covered seed
Mass of rice seed and mass of covering substance per rice seed (not starch-treated seed)
Covered only with sample C
Sample C 80% + iron powder Sample C 50% + iron powder Sample 0 20% + iron powder
20% covering 50% covering 80% covering
0_0420 0,0438 0.0475 0.0497
0.0140 0.0158 0.0195 0.0217
0.50 0.56 0.70 0.78
Covered only with iron
Not-covered rice seed
powder
0.0520 0.0280
0.0240 -
0.86 -
000
~
~
0
0
'"0
Q
~
'"0
0,".. "..
"0_,'
0 ""w"'
5
PCT/JP2016/070993
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As shown in Table 24, since iron powder has a larger specific gravity than
steelmaking slag, the mass of the covering substance tended to become larger as the
existence ratio of iron powder became larger.
[0235]
Table 25 below shows the average mass per seed of the starch-treated rice
seeds covered with sample C, the starch-treated rice seeds covered with each of the
materials in which iron powder was added to sample C at mass ratios of 80%:20%,
50%:50%, and 20%:80%, and the starch-treated rice seeds covered with iron powder.
Further, the mass of the not -covered seed was subtracted from the mass of the
10 covered rice seed to calculate the mass of the covering substance, and the results are
shown in Table 25 as well. Also the ratio of the mass of the covering substance to
the mass of the not-covered seed is shown.
[0236]
[Table 25]
~
0
N w
c:::l
(Table 25)
. . ... . ·· .......
Mass of rice seed
(g)
Mass of covering
substance
(g)
Mass of covering
substance/
Mass of not-covered seed
MIVI< :lO>O> Ufl IIVt;: l>t::t::dU a<:nllidU lila::.;, Ufl VUVt:::llll O>UbU: :>U:HIVt:: tH IIVt:: O>t::tldU (l, t;LdiLiihi-U O::o:Ht::U l;t;lt:JdU))
Covered only with sample C
Sample C 80% + iron powder Sample C 50% + iron powder
20% covering 50% covering
0.0581 0.0602 0.0618
0.0301 0.0322 0.0338
1.08 1 .1 5 1 .21
Sample C 20% + iron powder Covered only with iron
80% covering powder
0.0634 0.0660
0.0354 0.0380
1.26 1.36
--.l
0
~
~
0
0
'<::1
~ "0 "0 "
"O"'l
_0,
0
""c.o''
PCT/JP2016/070993
711100
In the starch-treated seed, the mass of the covering substance was a larger
value than in the case of the not-starch-treated seed shown in Table 24. Thus, it can
be seen that, by using a starch-treated seed, it becomes possible to produce not only a
rice seed covered with steehnaking slag but also a rice seed in which iron powder is
5 added to steelmaking slag and a rice seed in which a larger amount of iron powder is
adhered as a covering substance.
[0238]
20 not-starch-treated rice seeds covered with sample C, 20 not-starchtreated
rice seeds covered with each of the materials in which iron powder was added
10 to sample Cat mass ratios of 80%:20%, 50%:50%, and 20%:80%, and 20 not-starchtreated
rice seeds covered with iron powder were naturally dropped once onto an iron
plate from a position at a height of 20 em. The seeds dropped on the iron plate were
collected, and the mass was measured to investigate the mass of the covering
substance after dropping; and the ratio of the mass of the covering substance after
15 dropping to the mass of the covering substance before dropping was calculated; the
results are shown in Table 26 below.
claims.
A steelmaking slag-coated seed comprising:
a seed; and
PCT/JP2016/070993
a steelmaking slag layer formed on an outside of the seed,
wherein the steelmaking slag layer is a covering layer made of steelmaking
slag powder obtained by pulverizing steelmaking slag, and
the steelmaking slag contains 1 0 mass% or more iron and 3 0 mass% or
more calcium relative to all components of the steelmaking slag.Claim2
The steelmaking slag-coated seed according to claim 1,
wherein the seed is a seed of a rice plant.
15 Claim 3
The steelmaking slag-coated seed according to claim 1 or 2,
wherein the steelmaking slag contains 10 mass% to 30 mass% iron and 30
mass% to 50 mass% calcium relative to all the components of the steelmaking slag.
20 Claim 4
25
A steelmaking slag-coated seed,
wherein a seed is covered with steelmaking slag powder containing 25
mass% or more and 50 mass% or less CaO and 8 mass% or more and 30 mass% or
less Si02.
Claim 5
The steelmaking slag-coated seed according to claim 4,
wherein the steelmaking slag powder fnrther contains 1 mass% or more and
20 mass% or less MgO, 1 mass% or more and 25 mass% or less Ah03, 5 mass% or
30 more and 35 mass% or less Fe, 1 mass% or more and 8 mass% or less Mn, and 0.1
mass% or more and 5 mass% or less P20 5.
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Claim 6
A steelmaking slag-coated seed,
wherein a seed is covered with one or both of dephosphorization slag and
5 decarbnrization slag that are kinds of steelmaking slag powder.
10
15
20
Claim 7
Claim 8
The steelmaking slag-coated seed according to any one of claims 4 to 6,
wherein the steelmaking slag powder has a particle size of 600 J.tm or less ..
The steelmaking slag-coated seed according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
wherein the steelmaking slag powder has a particle size of 600 J.tm or less,
and contains powder with a particle size of 45 f!m or less at 20% or more.
Claim 9
The steelmaking slag-coated seed according to any one of claims 4 to 8,
wherein the seed is covered with a mixture of the steelmaking slag powder
and one or both of gypsum and iron powder.
Claim 10
The steelmaking slag-coated seed according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
wherein the seed is a seed covered with starch.
25 Claim 11
30
The steelmaking slag-coated seed according to any one of claims 1 to I 0,
wherein a surface of the seed is further covered with gypsum.
Claim 12
The steelmaking slag-coated seed according to any one of claims 1 to ll,
wherein a covering portion of the seed further contains molasses.
5
97/100
Claim 13
A method for producing a steelmaking slag-coated seed,
the steelmaking slag-coated seed including
a seed and
PCT/JP2016/070993
a steelmaking slag layer formed on a surface of the seed,
the method comprising:
a steehnaking slag pulverization process of pulverizing, as steelmaking slag
serving as a material of the steelmaking slag layer, steelmaking slag containing l 0
10 mass% or more iron and 30 mass% or more calcium relative to all components of the
steelmaking slag into powder;
a seed soaking process of incorporating water into a seed before coating;
and
a steehnaking slag coating process of mixing steelmaking slag powder
15 obtained in the steelmaking slag pulverization process and a seed obtained in the
seed soaking process and thereby forming a steelmaking slag layer made of the
steelmaking slag powder on a surface of the seed.
20
25
Claim 14
The method for producing a steelmaking slag-coated seed according to
claim 13,
wherein the seed is a seed of a rice plant.
Claim 15
The method for producing a steelmaking slag-coated seed according to
claim 13 or 14,
wherein, in the steelmaking slag pulverization process, the steelmaking slag
is pulverized into steelmaking slag powder with a particle size of 600 1-1m or less.
30 Claim 16
The method for producing a steelmaking slag-coated seed according to any
5
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one of claims 13 to 15,
wherein the steelmaking slag powder obtained in the steelmaking slag
pulverization process contains powder with a particle size of 45 11m or less at 20% or
more.
Claim 17
A method for producing a steelmaking slag-coated seed comprising:
covering a seed with a mixture obtained by mixing steelmaking slag powder
containing 25 mass% or more and 50 mass% or less CaO and 8 mass% or more and
10 30 mass% or less Si02, and water; and
solidifYing the mixture.
Claim 18
The method for producing a steelmaking slag-coated seed according to
15 claim 17,
20
wherein the steelmaking slag powder further contains 1 mass% or more and
20 mass% or less MgO, 1 mass% or more and 25 mass% or less Ah03, 5 mass% or
more and 35 mass% or less Fe, 1 mass% or more and 8 mass% or less Mn, and 0.1
mass% or more and 5 mass% or less P20 5.
Claim 19
A method for producing a steelmaking slag-coated seed comprising:
covering a seed with a mixture obtained by mixing one or both of
dephosphorization slag and decarburization slag that are kinds of steelmaking slag
25 powder, and water; and
solidifYing the mixture.
Claim 20
The method for producing a steelmaking slag-coated seed according to any
30 one of claims 17 to 19,
wherein the seed 1s covered with a mixture obtained by m1xmg the
5
PCTIJP20l61070993
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steelmaking slag powder, water, and one or both of gypsum and iron powder, and the
mixture is solidified.
Claim 21
The method for producing a steelmaking slag-coated seed according to any
one of claims 17 to 20,
wherein the mass ratio of water in the mixture is 10 mass% or more and 80
mass% or less relative to the total mass of the miA'Lure.
10 Claim 22
15
20
25
The method for producing a steelmaking slag -coated seed according to any
one of claims 17 to 21,
wherein the water is water containing 10 mass% or more and 50 mass% or
less molasses.
Claim23
The method for producing a steelmaking slag-coated seed according to any
one of claims 17 to 22,
wherein a seed soaked in a starch aqueous solution is used as the seed.
Claim 24
The method for producing a steelmaking slag-coated seed according to any
one of claims 17 to 23,
wherein a surface ofthe solidified mixture is further covered with gypsum.
Claim 25
The method for producing a steelmaking slag-coated seed according to any
one of claims 17 to 24,
wherein a smface of the solidified mixture is further wetted with water
30 containing 0.5 mass% or more and 5 mass% or less sodium alginate, and then the
solidified mixture is dried.