DESCRIPTION
TITLE OF THE INVENTION
STORAGE BATTERY UNIT
TECHNICAL FIELD
[00011 The present invention relates to a storage battery unit having a
storage battery that stores electric power from a power supply.
BACKGROUND ART
[00021 There has been known a storage battery unit that has a storage
battery configured to store electric power from a power supply (such as
commercial power supply and distributed power supply) and that operates
in a power supply system for supplying electricity to a load device (for
example, see JP2011-80811A).
[00031 Referring to FIG. 4, the conventional storage battery unit 91
includes a charging-discharging terminal 911, a communication terminal
912, a storage battery 913, and a controller 914 configured to monitor the
storage battery 913. Charging and discharging of the storage battery unit
91 is controlled by an external device (a charging-discharging unit 92, in
the example shown in FIG. 4). In FIG. 4, solid lines indicate power lines,
and broken lines indicate signal and control lines.
[00041 The conventional controller 914 includes a voltage monitoring
section 915 configured to monitor a battery voltage (a total voltage) of the
storage battery 913, a temperature monitoring section 916 configured to
monitor a battery temperature of the storage battery 913, and a current
sensing section 917 configured to sense a charging current and a
discharging current of the storage battery 913. The controller 914 further
includes a communication section 918 configured to communicate with the
charging-discharging unit 92, and a processor 919 configured to execute
various processes.
[0005] The processor 919 is configured to acquire: a monitoring result of
the battery voltage of the storage battery 913 from the voltage monitoring
section 915; a monitoring result of the battery temperature of the storage
battery 913 from the temperature monitoring section 916; and a sensing
result of the charging-discharging current of the storage battery 913 from
the current sensing section 917. Acquiring such information, the
processor 919 detects occurrence of a malfunction regarding charging and
discharging of the storage battery 913, using the monitoring result of the
battery voltage, the monitoring result of the battery temperature, and the
sensing result of the charging-discharging current.
[0006] The conventional charging-discharging unit 92 includes a
interconnected input-output section 921, a charging-discharging terminal
922, a communication terminal 923, a disconnection device 924, a
bidirectional DCIAC inverter 925, and a bidirectional DCIDC converter 926.
The charging-discharging unit 92 further includes a communication section
927 configured to communicate with the storage battery unit 91, and a
control circuit 928 configured to control the disconnection device 924, the
bidirectional DCIAC inverter 925, the bidirectional DCIDC converter 926
and the communication section 927. The charging-discharging unit 92
further includes a control power supply circuit 929 configured to supply the
control circuit 928 with operating power (drive power) for operating the
control circuit 928. The interconnected input-output section 921 is
connected to a distribution board 94.
[00071 In the conventional storage battery unit 91, the operating power for
operating the controller 914 is generally provided from an external device
such as the charging-discharging unit 92. In the example shown in FIG. 4,
the control power supply circuit 929 in the conventional
charging-discharging unit 92 supplies the storage battery unit 91 with the
operating power for the controller 914. For this purpose, the conventional
storage battery unit 91 has a power terminal 931 for receiving the
operating power, and the conventional charging-discharging unit 92 has a
power terminal 932 for supplying the operating power to the storage
battery unit 91.
[00081 There is however a possibility that the conventional storage battery
unit 91 shown in FIG. 4 cannot be supplied the operating power for the
controller 914 depending on an external device to which the storage battery
unit 91 is connected. For example, when the conventional storage battery
unit 91 is connected to an external device that does not have a function of
supplying operating power outside, the conventional storage battery unit
91 cannot receive the operating power for the controller 914. Hence, in
the conventional storage battery unit 91, the storage battery 913 is charged
and discharged under a condition where the controller 914 does not operate,
i.e., under a condition where the storage battery 913 is not monitored by
the controller 914. As a result, the storage battery 913 may be
over-charged or over-discharged.
[00091 Besides, because the storage battery unit 91 is a separate device
from the charging-discharging unit 92, the storage battery unit 91 may be
detached from the charging-discharging unit 92 and be directly connected
to a DC power supply or a load device. Such the case may have a concern
that the storage battery 913 is over-charged or over-discharged because the
storage battery 913 of the storage battery unit 91 is not monitored.
[0010] In addition, in case where the operating power for the controller
914 is not supplied due to a failure of the charging-discharging unit 92, the
storage battery 913 may be over-charged or over-discharged because the
storage battery 913 of the storage battery unit 91 is not monitored.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
[00111 The present invention has been achieved in view of the above
circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a storage battery unit
that can charge and discharge a storage battery while monitoring the state
of the storage battery even if any external device is connected thereto.
[00121 The storage battery according to the invention integrally includes: a
storage battery; a controller that has a monitoring function configured to
monitor the storage battery; a control power supply configured to supply
the controller with operating power for operating the controller; a
charging-discharging terminal for charging and discharging of the storage
battery; and a switch provided in a charging-discharging line between the
charging-discharging terminal and the storage battery. The control power
supply is connected to the charging-discharging line between the
charging-discharging terminal and the switch, and is configured to receive
electric power through the charging-discharging line to supply the
controller with the operating power. The controller is configured, as the
monitoring function, to judge whether or not a malfunction is present at
the storage battery, and also to control, when a malfunction occurs in the
storage battery, a notification means so that the notification means gives a
notification of the malfunction of the storage battery. The switch is
configured to be opened when the storage battery is not charged or
discharged.
[00131 In this storage battery unit, it is preferable that the controller is
configured to control the switch so that the switch is opened when a
malfunction occurs during charging or hscharging of the storage battery.
[00141 According to the invention, it is possible to charge and discharge a
storage battery while monitoring the state of the storage battery even if
any external device is connected thereto.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[00151 FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a storage battery unit and a
charging-discharging unit according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a power supply system according to the
embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of another connection example of the
storage battery unit according to the embodiment; and
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of conventional storage battery and
charging-discharging units.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0016] A power supply system 1 according to the present embodiment will
be described with reference to FIG. 2. The power supply system 1 of the
embodiment operates in a consumer facility to which electric power is
supplied from an electric power company, for example. Examples of the
consumer facility include a detached house, each dwelling unit in a
condominium, an industrial plant, and an office.
[0017] The power supply system 1 of the embodiment is a system formed
of a combination of a solar power generation apparatus (a solar panel 31
and a power conditioner 32) and an electric storage apparatus (a
charging-discharging unit 4 and a storage battery unit 5). As a usage
example, electric power generated by solar power generation is supplied to
a load device 6 in day time, and surplus power thereof is stored in a storage
battery 53 (see FIG. 1) of the storage battery unit 5 or allowed to be flow
back to a commercial power system. In a period when the solar power
generation does not operate well such as in night time, the storage battery
53 is discharged to supply electric power to the load device 6. The power
supply system 1 can be used in a situation other than the above described
usage example.
[00181 The power supply system 1 of the embodiment includes a
distribution board 2, the solar panel 31, the power conditioner 32, the
charging-discharging unit 4 and the storage battery unit 5. Load devices
6 are connected to the distribution board 2. Examples of the load device 6
include an illumination device, an air-conditioner and a home electrical
device.
[00191 As shown in FIG. 1, the storage battery unit 5 in the power supply
system 1 of the embodiment integrally includes a control power supply 56
configured to supply a controller 55 with operating power (driving power)
for operating the controller 55, together with the storage battery 53, and
the controller 55. In FIG. 1, solid lines indicate power lines, and broken
lines indicate signal and control lines.
[0020] The distribution board 2 shown in FIG. 2 includes a main breaker
(not shown), branch breakers (not shown), and a breaker for solar power
generation (not shown). The distribution board 2 is connected to a trunk
power line 81 which is in conformity with a single-phase three-wire system,
of which rate voltage is lOOV or 200V and which is introduced into a
consumer facility. The distribution board 2 is configured to be supplied
with electric power fkom a commercial power supply 7 of an electric power
company through the trunk power line 81. The distribution board 2 is
also configured to be supplied, through the power conditioner 32, with
electric power generated by the solar panel 31. The trunk power line 81 is
connected to the branch breakers through the main breaker, thereby
branching into branch lines 82 by the respective branch breakers. The
branch lines 82 are connected to the load devices 6, and each load device 6
is supplied with AC power through a corresponding branch line 82.
[0021.] The solar panel 31 includes solar cells which are arranged
side-by-side and connected with each other, and is installed on a roof of a
residence, for example. The solar panel 31 is configured to generate DC
power by the solar power generated by energy of sunlight. The DC power
generated by the solar panel 31 is supplied to the power conditioner 32.
[0022] The power conditioner 32 is configured to convert a DC voltage,
which is the output voltage of the solar panel 31, into an AC voltage. The
power conditioner 32 is connected to a primary side of the main breaker
through the breaker for solar power generation in the distribution board 2
by means of an AC line 83. with this codiguration, AC power is supplied
from the power conditioner 32 to the branch lines 82 through the breaker
for solar power generation, the main breaker, and the branch breakers.
Surplus (i.e., not consumed) power of the AC power from the power
conditioner 32 is supplied to the charging-discharging unit 4 through a
charging-discharging line 84(840).
Lo0231 The charging-discharging unit 4 will be described with reference to
FIG. 1. The charging-discharging unit 4 is connected to a branch breaker
(not shown) of the distribution board 2 through the charging-discharging
line 840. The charging-discharging unit 4 is configured to convert AC
power supplied through the distribution board 2 into DC power, and to
charge the storage battery 53 of the storage battery unit 5 by the DC power.
The charging-discharging unit 4 is also configured to convert DC power
stored in the storage battery unit 5 into AC power, and to supply the AC
power to the load devices 6 through the distribution board 2. That is, the
charging-discharging unit 4 has both functions of AC to DC conversion and
DC to AC conversion.
[0024] The charging-hscharging unit 4 includes an interconnected
input-output section 41, a charging-discharging terminal (a
charging-discharging unit side charging-discharging terminal) 42, a
communication terminal (a charging-discharging unit side communication
terminal) 43, a disconnection device 44, a bidirectional power converter 45,
and a bidirectional DC converter 46. The charging-discharging unit 4
further includes a communication section (a charging-discharging control
side communication section) 47, a charging-discharging controller 48, and a
charging-discharging control power supply 49. The interconnected
input-output section 41 is connected to the charging-discharging line 840
which is connected to the distribution board 2.
to0251 The charging-discharging terminal 42 is a terminal provided for
connecting a charging-discharging line 84 of the charging-discharging unit
4 side with a charging-discharging line 84 of the storage battery unit 5 side,
and is electrically connected to a charging-discharging terminal 51 of the
storage battery unit 5.
[0026] The communication terminal 43 is a terminal provided for wire
communication between the charging-discharging unit 4 and the storage
battery unit 5, and is electrically connected to a communication terminal
52 of the storage battery unit 5.
[0027] The disconnection device 44 (e.g., a relay) is disposed along a
charging-discharging line 84 between the interconnected input-output
section 41 and the bidirectional power converter 45, and is configured to be
opened and closed in accordance with control of the charging-discharging
controller 48. That is, the disconnection device 44 is to be closed so as to
make an electrical connection between the interconnected input-output
section 41 and the bidirectional power converter 45, or is to be opened so as
to break the electrical connection between the interconnected input-output
section 41 and the bidirectional power converter 45.
[0028] The bidirectional power converter 45 is a bidirectional DCIAC
converter configured to perform conversion between DC power and AC
power in accordance with control of the charging-discharging controller 48.
In a case of charging the storage battery unit 5 of the storage battery 53,
the bidirectional power converter 45 converts AC power, which is supplied
through the interconnected input-output section 41 and the disconnection
device 44 in the charging-discharging line 84, into DC power, and supplies
the bidirectional DC converter 46 with the DC power. In a case of
discharging the storage battery 53, the bidirectional power converter 45
converts DC power supplied from the bidirectional DC converter 46 into AC
power. The charging-discharging controller 48 controls operation of the
bidirectional power converter 45 and the opening-closing state of the
disconnection device 44, thereby supplying the AC power outputted from
the bidirectional power converter 45 to the distribution board 2 through the
interconnected input-output section 41. The charging-discharging unit 4
has a system-interconnected-operating function configured to coordinate
the AC power, which is supplied to the distribution board 2 from the
interconnected input-output section 41, with the commercial power
supplied from the commercial power supply 7.
[0029] The bidirectional DC converter 46 is a bidirectional DC/DC
converter configured to perform DC conversion in accordance with control
of the charging-discharging controller 48. In the case of charging the
storage battery 53 of the storage battery unit 5, the bidirectional DC
converter 46 converts the DC power outputted from the bidirectional power
converter 45 and supplies the converted DC power to the
charging-discharging terminal 42 (i.e., to the storage battery unit 5). In
the case of discharging the storage battery 53, the bidirectional DC
converter 46 converts the DC power of the storage battery unit 5 (supplied
through the charging-discharging terminal 42) and supplies the converted
DC power to the bidirectional power converter 45.
[0030] The communication section 47 has a communication function
configured to communicate with the storage battery unit 5 in accordance
with control of the charging-discharging controller 48. The
communication section 47 having the communication function is configured
to transmit and receive information to and from the storage battery unit 5,
e.g., receives battery information about the storage battery unit 5 from the
storage battery unit 5, and transmits, to the storage battery unit 5,
malfunction information that indicates occurrence of a malfunction in the
charging-discharging unit 4.
[00311 The charging-discharging controller 48 is mainly composed of a
micro computer and the like, and has a function configured to control the
disconnection device 44, the bidirectional power converter 45, the
bidirectional DC converter 46 and the communication section 47. The
charging-discharging controller 48 is configured to control the
disconnection device 44, the bidirectional power converter 45, the
bidirectional DC converter 46 and the communication section 47 based on
the battery information received through the communication section 47,
thereby controlling charging and discharging of the storage battery 53.
Specific example is described below.
Lo0321 Under charging operation, when the communication section 47
receives, from the storage battery unit 5, battery information indicating
that the battery voltage (a total voltage) of the storage battery 53 reaches
(or excesses) a predetermined charge-stop voltage, the
charging-discharging controller 48 controls the bidirectional power
converter 45 and the bidirectional DC converter 46 to stop charging of the
storage battery 53. The same applies to a case where the communication
section 47 receives, from the storage battery unit 5, battery information
indicating that each cell voltage of the storage battery 53 reaches (or
excesses) a predetermined charge-stop voltage, battery information
indicating that the battery temperature of the storage battery 53 is a
predetermined operating upper limit temperature or more, or battery
information indicating that the battery temperature of the storage battery
53 is a predetermined operating lower limit temperature or less.
LO0331 Under discharging operation, when the communication section 47
receives, from the storage battery unit 5, battery information indicating
that the battery voltage of the storage battery 53 reaches (or is less than) a
predetermined discharge-stop voltage, the charging-discharging controller
48 controls the bidirectional power converter 45 and the bidirectional DC
converter 46 to stop discharging of the storage battery 53. The same
applies to a case where the communication section 47 receives, from the
storage battery unit 5, battery information indicating that each cell voltage
of the storage battery 53 reaches a predetermined discharge-stop voltage
(e.g., a cell voltage of at least one battery cell in a plurality of battery cells
in the storage battery 53 is equal to or less than a discharge-stop voltage),
battery information indicating that the battery temperature of the storage
battery 53 is the predetermined operating upper limit temperature or more,
or battery information indicating that the battery temperature of the
storage battery 53 is the predetermined operating lower limit temperature
or less.
LO0341 The charging-discharging control power supply 49 is a power
supply circuit configured to supply the charging-discharging controller 48
with the operating power for operating the charging-discharging controller
48. The charging-discharging control power supply 49 is connected to the
charging-discharging line 84(841) between the interconnected input-output
section 41 and the disconnection device 44, and is also connected to the
charging-discharging line 84(842) between the bidirectional power
converter 45 and the bidirectional DC converter 46. The
charging-discharging control power supply 49 is configured to receive
electric power through the charging-discharging line 841, 842, and to
supply the charging-discharging controller 48 with operating power.
[00351 The storage battery unit 5 will be described with reference to FIG. 1.
The storage battery unit 5 is connected to the charging-discharging unit 4.
The storage battery unit 5 is configured to charge the storage battery 53 by
the DC power supplied from the charging-discharging unit 4, and also to
discharge the storage battery 53 to supply the DC power to the
charging-discharging unit 4. Charging and discharging of the storage
battery unit 5 is controlled by the charging-discharging unit 4 which is
provided separately from the storage battery unit 5.
[00361 The storage battery unit 5 integrally includes the
charging-discharging terminal (a storage battery unit side
charging-discharging terminal) 51, the communication terminal (a storage
battery unit side communication terminal) 52, the storage battery 53, a
switch 54, the controller 55, the control power supply 56 and a notification
control section 556. For example, the charging-discharging terminal 51,
the communication terminal 52, the storage battery 53, the switch 54, the
controller 55 and the control power supply 56 are housed in a single
housing, so that the storage battery unit 5 of the embodiment integrally
includes these components.
LO0371 The charging-discharging terminal 51 is a terminal provided for
charging and discharging of the storage battery 53, i.e., for connecting the
storage battery 53 with an external charging-discharging line 84, and is
electrically connected to the charging-discharging terminal 42 of the
charging-discharging unit 4 in the embodiment.
[0038] The communication terminal 52 is a terminal provided for wire
communication between the storage battery unit 5 and an external device
(or an external unit), and is electrically connected to the communication
terminal 43 of the charging-discharging unit 4 in the embodiment.
[0039] The storage battery 53 includes, for example, a series-connected
battery cells such as lithium ion cells or nickel hydride cells.
[0040] The switch 54 is disposed along a charging-discharging line 84
between the charging-discharging terminal 51 and the storage battery 53.
The switch 54 is to be closed so as to make an electrical connection between
the charging-discharging terminal 51 and the storage battery 53, or is to be
opened so as to break the electrical connection between the
charging-discharging terminal 51 and the storage battery 53. The switch
54 of the embodiment has a manual open-close mechanism, and also has a
mechanism configured to be opened and closed by the controller 55 (i.e., an
automatic open-close mechanism). The switch 54 is opened when a
malfunction occurs during charging or discharging of the storage battery 53,
and also when the storage battery 53 is not charged or discharged (i.e.,
when it is not used). The switch 54 may be a normally-opened type switch,
and closed only when the switch 54 is controlled to be closed by the
controller 55.
[00411 The controller 55 has a function configured to monitor the storage
battery 53 in order to protect the storage battery 53. In a case where the
storage battery 53 is composed of the lithium ion cells, in particular,
because an abnormal region is close to a normal region, it needs to monitor
the battery voltage of the storage battery 53, the cell voltages of the battery
cells, and the battery temperature of the storage battery 53 when
controlling the charging and discharging of the storage battery 53.
[00421 The controller 55 of the embodiment includes a voltage monitoring
section 551, a temperature monitoring section 552, a current sensing
section 553, a communication section (a storage battery unit side
communication section) 554, a processor 555, and the notification control
section 556.
lo0431 The voltage monitoring section 551 is a circuit configured to
monitor (sense) the battery voltage of the storage battery 53 and the cell
voltages of the battery cells. The battery voltage and the cell voltages may
be changed according to internal short-circuit, increase in self-discharge,
impurity incorporation, abnormal increase in internal resistance, and the
like. Of course the battery voltage and cell voltages can have some
dispersion, but such a storage battery 53 that at least one of the battery
voltage and the cell voltages thereof is out of a predetermined protection
range is determined to have some malfunction.
LO0441 The temperature monitoring section 552 is a circuit that includes a
temperature sensor such as a thermistor, and that is configured to monitor
the battery temperature of the storage battery 53. In the storage battery
unit 5, the storage battery 53 may not be able to be discharged in a case
where the storage battery 53 is charged or discharged in a low temperature
condition. It therefore needs to stop charging and discharging of the
storage battery 53 and to warm the storage battery 53 if the battery
temperature is a predetermined operating lower limit temperature or less.
Besides, the storage battery 53 has a property of being deteriorated with
increase in temperature. It therefore needs to cool the storage battery 53
so that the battery temperature is kept under a predetermined operating
upper limit temperature. The storage battery unit 5 includes the
temperature monitoring section 552 configured to monitor the battery
temperature for these reasons.
100451 The current sensing section 553 is a circuit configured to sense: a
charging current which flows in the storage battery 53 when the storage
battery 53 is charged; and a discharging current which flows from the
storage battery 53 when the storage battery 53 is discharged. In the
embodiment, the charging current or the discharging current is referred to
as "charging-discharging current". When a large current (excess current)
flows during charging or discharging of the storage battery 53,
deterioration of the storage battery 53 is accelerated due to that the storage
battery 53 is overloaded. The storage battery unit 5 includes the current
sensing section 553 configured to sense the charging-discharging current
for this reason.
[0046] The communication section 554 has a communication function
configured to communicate with the charging-discharging unit 4 in
accordance with control of the processor 555. The communication section
554 having the communication function is configured to transmit and
receive information to and from the charging-discharging unit 4, e.g.,
transmits the battery information about the storage battery unit 5 to
charging-discharging unit 4, and receives the malfunction information that
indicates occurrence of a malfunction in the charging-discharging unit 4
from the charging-discharging unit 4. Examples of the battery
information about the storage battery unit 5 include: a monitoring result of
the battery voltage of the storage battery 53 and the cell voltages of the
battery cells; a monitoring result of the temperature of the storage battery
53; a sensing result of the charging-discharging current of the storage
battery 53; and malfunction information that indicates occurrence of a
malfunction in the storage battery unit 5. Examples of the monitoring
result of the battery voltage of the storage battery 53 and the cell voltages
of the battery cells include: voltage values of the battery voltage and the
cell voltages; and determination information indicating that at least one of
the battery voltage and the cell voltages reaches a predetermined
charge-stop voltage or a predetermined discharge-stop voltage. Examples
of the monitoring result of the temperature of the storage battery 53
include: a measured value of the battery temperature; and determination
information indicating that the battery temperature is the predetermined
operating upper limit temperature or more, or the predetermined operating
lower limit temperature or less.
LO0471 The processor 555 is mainly composed of a micro computer and the
like, and is configured to acquire the monitoring result of the battery
voltage and the cell voltages of the storage battery 53 from the voltage
monitoring section 551. Further, the processor 555 is configured to
acquire the monitoring re.sult of the battery temperature of the storage
battery 53 from the temperature monitoring section 552, and to acquire the
sensing result of the charging-discharging current of the storage battery 53
from the current sensing section 553.
[00481 Under charging operation of the storage battery 53, the processor
555 judges whether at least one of the battery voltage and the cell voltages
reaches a corresponding charge-stop voltage or not, based on the
monitoring result of the battery voltage and the cell voltages. The
processor 555 also judges whether or not the battery temperature is the
predetermined operating upper limit temperature or more, or the
predetermined operating lower limit temperature or less.
[00491 Under discharging operation of the storage battery 53, the
processor 555 judges whether at least one of the battery voltage and the
cell voltages reaches a corresponding discharge-stop voltage or not. The
processor 555 also judges whether or not the battery temperature is the
predetermined operating upper limit temperature or more, or the
predetermined operating lower limit temperature or less.
[00501 In each of the charging and discharging operations, the processor
555 judges whether or not a malfunction of the storage battery 53 (a
malfunction of the storage battery unit 5) is present, based on the
monitoring result of the battery voltage and the cell voltages, the
monitoring result of the battery temperature, and the sensing result of the
charging-discharging current. For example, the processor 555 detects
(determines) a presence of a malfunction of the storage battery 53 (a
malfunction of the storage battery unit 5) when the storage battery unit 5
does not satisfy a charge-stop condition or a discharge-stop condition under
a condition where at least one of the battery voltage, the cell voltages, the
battery temperature, and the charging-discharging current is out of a
normal range. When detecting a presence of a malfunction of the storage
battery 53 (a malfunction of the storage battery unit 51, the processor 555
controls the notification control section 556 so that a notification means
(not shown) gives a notification of the occurrence of the malfunction of the
storage battery unit 5. In this case, the processor 555 also controls the
communication section 554 so that the communication section 554
transmits, to the charging-discharging unit 4, malfunction information that
indicates occurrence of a malfunction in the storage battery unit 5.
[00511 When the storage battery unit 5 is connected to the
charging-discharging unit 4, the processor 555 judges whether or not a
malfunction of the charging-discharging unit 4 is present, based on a
communication result acquired &.om the charging-discharging unit 4
through the communication section 554. When the communication section
554 receives malfunction information that indicates occurrence of a
malfunction in the charging-discharging unit 4 from the
charging-discharging unit 4, the processor 555 detects a presence of a
malfunction of the charging-discharging unit 4. When detecting a
presence of a malfunction of the charging-discharging unit 4, the processor
555 controls the notification control section 556 so that the notification
means gives a notification of the occurrence of the malfunction of the
charging-discharging unit 4.
LO0521 That is, occurrences of a malfunction regarding
charging-discharging of the storage battery 53 in the embodiment include
not only a malfunction occurring in the storage battery unit 5 (especially, in
the storage battery 53) but also a malfunction occurring in the
charging-discharging unit 4.
LO0531 When occurrence of a malfunction regarding charging-discharging
of the storage battery 53 (i.e., a malfunction occurring in the storage
battery unit 5 or a malfunction occurring in the charging-discharging unit
4) is detected by the processor 555, the notification control section 556
transmits malfunction information that inhcates occurrence of the
malfunction to the notification means (not shown) under control of the
processor 555. The notification means may be a display device, and
notifies a user of the occurrence of the malfunction regarding
charging-discharging of the storage battery 53 upon receiving the
malfunction information from the notification control section 556. The
notification means composed of the display device is configured to display
information regarding the occurrence of the malfunction on a screen
thereof and to thereby notify a user of the occurrence of the malfunction.
The notification means may be provided integrally with the storage battery
unit 5, or provided separately from the storage battery unit 5.
LO0541 With this configuration, when a user checks the notification by the
notification means (sees the screen of the display device), the user can
know the occurrence of the malfunction regarding charging-discharging of
the storage battery 53, and can do necessary working for restoring the
charging-discharging unit 4 and the storage battery unit 5. The
notification means may be configured to notify a user of the occurrence of
the malfunction regarding charging-discharging of the storage battery 53
by alarm sound.
LO0551 When a malfunction occurs during charging or discharging of the
storage battery 53, the processor 555 of the controller 55 controls the
switch 54 to open the switch 54. Note that the malfunction includes a
malfunction occurring in the charging-discharging unit 4 and a malfunction
occurring in the storage battery unit 5. For example, if the storage
battery unit 5 cannot stop charging or discharging due to trouble in the
charging-discharging unit 4 under a condition where the charge-stop
condition or the discharge-stop condition of the storage battery unit 5 is
satisfied, the processor 555 controls the switch 54 to open the switch 54.
[00561 With this configuration, it is possible to charge and discharge the
storage battery 53 while the charging-discharging unit 4 and the storage
battery unit 5 are in normal conditions.
LO0571 The processor 555 of the embodiment is configured to control the
switch 54 to open the switch 54 when the storage battery 53 starts
charging or discharging without establishing a communication between the
charging-discharging unit 4 and the storage battery unit 5 (for example,
the communication section 554 does not receive a predetermined
communication signal during a predetermined period after the controller
55 is supplied with electric power through the control power supply 56).
In this case, the processor 555 controls the notification control section 556
to give a notification of occurrence of a malfunction by the notification
means.
[0058] With this configuration, the storage battery 53 is charged or
discharged only when the storage battery unit 5 is connected to a regular
(official) charging-discharging unit 4. Thus, it is possible to reduce the
possibility of over charge and over discharge of the storage battery 53, and
to thereby enhance the safety.
[0059] Note that the above described configuration of "the processor 555
controlling the switch 54 to open the switch 54 when the storage battery 53
starts charging or discharging without establishing a communication
between the charging-discharging unit 4 and the storage battery unit 5" is
an option. Allowing the switch 54 to close without establishing the
communication enables charging and discharging the storage battery 53
(while monitoring the state of the storage battery 53 by the controller 55)
even if any external device is connected thereto.
[0060] The control power supply 56 is a power supply circuit configured to
supply the controller 55 with the operating power for operating the
controller 55. The control power supply 56 is connected to the
charging-discharging line 84(843) between the charging-discharging
terminal 51 and the switch 54, and is configured to receive electric power
through the charging-discharging line 843 to supply the storage battery 53
with operating power. In the embodiment, the control power supply 56 is
connected to the charging-discharging line 84 inside the storage battery
unit 5. Hence, the controller 55 is always supplied with electric power
when the storage battery 53 is charged or discharged. Thus, it is possible
to stably charge and discharge the storage battery 53 while monitoring the
storage battery 53, even if any external device is connected to the storage
battery unit 5.
[00611 The control power supply 56 is integrally provided with the
controller 55. Examples of a state in which the control power supply 56 is
integrally provided with the controller 55 include: a state in which the
control power supply 56 and the controller 55 are disposed in the same
housing; and a state in which the control power supply 56 and the
controller 55 are always used together even through they are disposed in
different housings.
LO0621 It will be described an operation regarding an electric storage
apparatus (the charging-discharging unit 4 and the storage battery unit 5)
in the power supply system 1 of the embohment with reference to FIG. 1.
lo0631 First, it is described a case of charging the storage battery 53. In
the charging-discharging unit 4, the charging-discharging control power
supply 49 receives electric power to supply the charging-discharging
controller 48 with operating power. With this condition, the
charging-discharging unit 4 converts the AC power from the distribution
board 2 into the DC power, and supplies the storage battery unit 5 with the
DC power, under control of the charging-discharging controller 48. In the
storage battery unit 5, the control power supply 56 receives electric power,
and supplies the controller 55 with operating power. Then, the storage
battery unit 5 closes the switch 54, thereby charging the storage battery 53
while the controller 55 monitors the storage battery 53.
[0064-1 Next, it is described a case of discharging the storage battery 53.
In the storage battery unit 5, the switch 54 is firstly closed (for example,
the switch 54 is closed by operating the manual open-close mechanism),
and thereby the control power supply 56 receives electric power and
supplies the controller 55 with operating power. Then, the storage battery
unit 5 discharges the storage battery 53 while the controller 55 monitors
the storage battery 53. In the charging-discharging unit 4, the
charging-discharging control power supply 49 receives electric power, and
supplies the charging-discharging controller 48 with operating power.
Then, the charging-discharging unit 4 converts the DC power supplied from
the storage battery unit 5 into the AC power, and supplies the distribution
board 2 with the AC power, under control of the charging-discharging
controller 48.
roo651 When a malfunction occurs in the charging-discharging unit 4 or in
the storage battery unit 5 during charging or discharging of the storage
battery 53, the notification control section 556 supplies the notification
means (not shown) with the malfunction information in accordance with
control of the controller 55, thereby giving a notification of the occurrence
of the malfunction by the notification means. In this case, the switch 54 is
controlled by the controller 55 to be opened, thereby breaking an electrical
connection between the charging-discharging terminal 51 and the storage
battery 53.
LO0661 In the power supply system 1 according to the embodiment
described above, the storage battery unit 5 includes the control power
supply 56 configured to supply the controller 55 with the operating power.
With this configuration, it is possible to operate the controller 55 even if
any external device is connected to the storage battery unit 5 because the
operating power for the controller 55 is ensured inside the storage battery
unit 5. Accordingly, it is possible to stably charge and discharge the
storage battery 53 while the storage battery 53 is being monitored. For
example, even if the storage battery unit 5 is directly connected to a DC
power supply 71 and a load device 6 as exemplified in FIG. 3, the controller
55 in the storage battery unit 5 can be operated.
[0067] In the power supply system 1 of the embodiment, since the storage
battery unit 5 includes the control power supply 56, the storage battery
unit 5 can omit a power terminal (as the power terminal 931 in FIG. 4) for
receiving the operating power for the controller 55. Hence, it is possible to
reduce the number of terminals of the storage battery unit 5 ("3" in the
conventional example shown in FIG. 4 and "2" in the embodiment shown in
FIG. 1).
LOO681 In the storage battery unit 5 of the power supply system 1
according to the embodiment, the control power supply 56 is provided so as
to receive electric power from the charging-discharging line 843 between
the charging-discharging terminal 51 and the switch 54. And, the switch
54 is opened when the storage battery 53 is not charged and discharged
(not used) for a long time. With this configuration, it is possible to reduce
the consumed power in the storage battery unit 5 because the supply of the
operating power from the control power supply 56 to the controller 55 can
be stopped in a case where the unit is not used for a long time. Of course,
the switch 54 can be opened even the storage battery 53 is not charged or
discharged for a short period. In other words, the switch 54 can be opened
and closed in each use. Thus, it is possible to stop supplying the operating
power from the control power supply 56 to the controller 55 even if the unit
is not used for a short period, and accordingly the consumed power in the
storage battery unit 5 can be reduced. The switch 54 may be configured to
be opened automatically (e.g., opened by the controller 55), or may be
configured to be opened manually.
[0069] In the power supply system 1 of the embodiment, when a
malfunction such as over charge or over discharge occurs in the storage
battery 53, the controller 55 of the storage battery unit 5 controls the
notification means (not shown) to give a notification of the malfunction of
the storage battery 53. With this configuration, it is possible, for example,
to notify a user of an improper use or misuse (because the regular
charging-discharging unit 4 rarely causes over charge and over discharge).
[0070] In the power supply system 1 of the embodiment, the switch 54 is
opened by the controller 55 when a malfunction occurs during charging or
discharging of the storage battery 53. With this configuration, it is
possible to surely avoid over charge and over discharge during charging
and discharging of the storage battery 53 when a malfunction occurs in the
storage battery 53 under, for example, improper use or misuse. In
addition, it is possible to surely avoid over charge and over discharge even
when the charging-discharging unit 4, which is connected to the storage
battery unit 5, causes a failure.
[0071] In the storage battery unit 5 of the embodiment, the controller 55
can operate by the operating power from the control power supply 56, even
when the storage battery unit 5 is connected to an external device other
than a predetermined charging-discharging unit i . . , the
charging-discharging unit 4 of the embodiment). Thus, it is possible to
protect the storage battery unit 5 (especially, the storage battery 53)
because the controller 55 can control the switch 54 to open when the
storage battery 53 starts charging or discharging without establishing a
communication between the external device and the storage battery unit 5.
LO0721 Describing the embodiment in other words, the storage battery unit
5 of the embodiment integrally includes the charging-discharging terminal
51, the communication terminal 52, the storage battery 53, the switch 54,
the controller 55, the control power supply 56, and the notification control
section 556. The storage battery unit 5 of the embodiment is configured to
be charged and discharged under control of the charging-discharging unit
4.
LO0731 The charging-discharging terminal 51 of the storage battery unit 5
is to be connected to the charging-discharging terminal 42 of the
charging-discharging unit 4. The communication terminal 52 of the
storage battery unit 5 is to be connected to the communication terminal 43
of the charging-discharging unit 4.
LO0741 The switch 54 is disposed along the charging-discharging line 84
between the charging-discharging terminal 51 and the storage battery 53.
[0075] The control power supply 56 is configured to supply the controller
55 with the operating power for operating the controller 55. The control
power supply 56 is connected to the charging-discharging line 843 between
the charging-discharging terminal 51 and the switch 54, and is configured
to receive electric power from the charging-discharging line 843 to supply
the controller 55 with operating power.
LO0761 The controller 55 is configured to judge whether or not a
malfunction of the storage battery 53 is present, and to control, when a
malfunction occurs in the storage battery 53, the notification means so that
the notification means gives a notification of the malfunction of the storage
battery 53.
LO0771 With this configuration, the controller 55 can receive electric power
from the charging-discharging line 843 through the control power supply
56 even if any external device is connected to the storage battery unit 5.
Because the controller 55 can be operated by the operating power for the
controller 55 ensured inside the storage battery unit 5, it is possible to
stably charge and discharge the storage battery 53 while monitoring the
storage battery 53. The storage battery unit 5 can notify, when a
malfunction occurs in the storage battery 53, a user of the malfunction by
the notification means.
[0078] The controller 55 has the monitoring function configured to monitor
the storage battery 53. The controller 55 has at least one status detection
section configured to detect occurrence of a malfunction regarding charging
and discharging of the storage battery 53 (i.e., a malfunction of the storage
battery unit 5 or a malfunction of the charging-discharging unit 4).
[00791 The controller 55 which is supplied electric power from the control
power supply 56 is configured to open the switch 54 when determining
occurrence of a malfunction based on a detection result in the states
detection section.
[0080] The controller 55 which is supplied electric power from the control
power supply 56 is configured to give, when determining occurrence of a
malfunction based on a detection result in the states detection section, a
notification of occurrence of the malfunction through the notification
control section 556.
[0081.l The states detection section of the embodiment includes, as a first
states detection section, the temperature monitoring section 552 configured
to sense the battery temperature of the storage battery 53. When the
battery temperature sensed by the temperature monitoring section 552 is
higher than a predetermined upper threshold temperature or lower than a
predetermined lower threshold temperature, the controller 55 determines
occurrence of a malfunction. In view of avoiding interference between
operations in the charging-discharging unit 4 and in the storage battery
unit 5, it is preferable that: "the upper threshold temperature" is equal to
or more than "the operating upper limit temperature" used in the
charging-discharging unit 4; and "the lower threshold temperature" is
equal to or less than "the operating lower limit temperature" used in the
charging-discharging unit 4.
roo821 The states detection section of the embodiment includes, as a
second states detection section, the voltage monitoring section 551
configured to sense the battery voltage of the storage battery 53. When
the battery voltage sensed by the voltage monitoring section 552 is higher
than a predetermined upper limit voltage or lower than a predetermined
lower limit voltage, the controller 55 determines occurrence of a
malfunction. In view of avoiding interference between operations in the
charging-discharging unit 4 and in the storage battery unit 5, it is
preferable that: "the upper limit voltage" is equal to or more than "the
charge-stop voltage" used in the charging-discharging unit 4; and "the
lower limit voltage" is equal to or less than "the discharge-stop voltage"
used in the charging-discharging unit 4.
[00831 The states detection section of the embodiment includes, as a third
states detection section, the current sensing section 553 configured to sense
the charging-discharging current of the storage battery unit 5. When the
charging-discharging current sensed by the current monitoring section 553
is larger than a predetermined reference value, the controller 55
determines occurrence of a malfunction.
Lo0841 The states detection section of the embodiment includes, as a fourth
states detection section, the communication section 554 configured to
communicate with an external charging-discharging unit 4. When
receiving malfunction information that indicates occurrence of a
malfunction in the charging-discharging unit 4 from the
charging-discharging unit 4 through the communication section 554, the
controller 55 determines occurrence of a malfunction. The controller 55 of
the embodiment also determines occurrence of a malfunction when the
storage battery 53 starts charging or discharging without establishing a
communication with the charging-discharging unit 4.
LO0851 In a modified example of the embodiment, the power supply system
1 has a configuration of including, instead of including both of the electric
storage apparatus (the charging-discharging unit 4 and the storage battery
unit 5) and the solar power generation apparatus (the solar panel 31 and
the power conditioner 321, only the electric storage apparatus. In the
power supply system 1 according to this modified example, the storage
battery 53 can be charged in night time with a low cost and can be
discharged in day time.
LO0861 Although the storage battery unit 5 is used together with the
charging-discharging unit 4 in the embodiment, the storage battery unit 5
can be detached from the charging-discharging unit 4 and be directly
connected to a power supply (such as the commercial power supply 7) or the
distribution board 2. Even in this case, because the storage battery unit 5
includes the control power supply 56, the storage battery 53 can be stably
charged and discharged while the storage battery 53 is being monitored.
LO0871 The storage battery unit 5 may be configured to wirelessly
communicate with an external device such as the charging-discharging unit
4, instead of through a wire.
CLAIMS
1. A storage battery unit integrally comprising:
a storage battery;
a controller that has a monitoring function configured to monitor
the storage battery;
a control power supply configured to supply the controller with
operating power for operating the controller;
a charging-discharging terminal for charging and discharging of the
storage battery; and
a switch disposed along a charging-discharging line between the
charging-discharging terminal and the storage battery,
wherein the control power supply is connected to the
charging-discharging line between the charging-discharging terminal and
the switch, and is configured to receive electric power through the
charging-discharging line to supply the controller with the operating power,
the controller is configured, as the monitoring function, to judge
whether or not a malfunction of the storage battery is present, and also to
control, when a malfunction occurs in the storage battery, a notification
means so that the notification means gives a notification of the malfunction
of the storage battery, and
the switch is configured to be opened when the storage battery is
not charged or discharged.
2. The storage battery unit according to claim 1, wherein the controller is
configured to control the switch so that the switch is opened when a
malfunction occurs during charging or discharging of the storage battery.